Clinicoradiologic evaluation of styloid process calcification
Identifieur interne : 002C90 ( Pmc/Curation ); précédent : 002C89; suivant : 002C91Clinicoradiologic evaluation of styloid process calcification
Auteurs : Mun Bhawni Bagga [Inde] ; C. Anand Kumar [Inde] ; Garima Yeluri [Inde]Source :
- Imaging Science in Dentistry [ 2233-7822 ] ; 2012.
Abstract
This study was performed to investigate the prevalence, morphology, and calcification pattern of the elongated styloid process in the Mathura population and its relation to gender, age, and mandibular movements.
The study analyzed digital panoramic radiographs of 2,706 adults. The elongated styloid process was classified with the radiographic appearance based on the morphology and calcification pattern. The limits of mandibular protrusion were evaluated for each subject. The data were analyzed by using a Student's t-test and chi-squared test with significance set at p=0.05.
Bilateral elongation having an "elongated" type styloid process with a "partially mineralized" pattern was the most frequent type of styloid process. No correlation was found between styloid process type and calcification pattern on the one hand and gender on the other, although elongated styloid was more prevalent in older and male populations (p<0.05). Further styloid process elongation showed no effect on mandibular protrusive movement (p>0.05).
Dentists should recognize the existence of morphological variation in elongated styloid process or Eagle syndrome apparent on panoramic radiographs. We found higher prevalence of elongated styloid process in the population of the Mathura region when compared with other Indian populations. The calcification of the styloid process was more common in the older age group with no correlation to gender, mandibular movement and site. "Type I" with a "partially calcified" styloid process was observed more frequently in the population studied.
Url:
DOI: 10.5624/isd.2012.42.3.155
PubMed: 23071965
PubMed Central: 3465757
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<author><name sortKey="Kumar, C Anand" sort="Kumar, C Anand" uniqKey="Kumar C" first="C. Anand" last="Kumar">C. Anand Kumar</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Yeluri, Garima" sort="Yeluri, Garima" uniqKey="Yeluri G" first="Garima" last="Yeluri">Garima Yeluri</name>
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<sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">Clinicoradiologic evaluation of styloid process calcification</title>
<author><name sortKey="Bagga, Mun Bhawni" sort="Bagga, Mun Bhawni" uniqKey="Bagga M" first="Mun Bhawni" last="Bagga">Mun Bhawni Bagga</name>
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<wicri:regionArea>Department of Oral Medicine Diagnosis and Radiology, M.N. D.A.V. Dental College and Hospital, Solan</wicri:regionArea>
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<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A2">Department of Oral Medicine Diagnosis and Radiology, KD Dental College and Hospital, Mathura, India.</nlm:aff>
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<wicri:regionArea>Department of Oral Medicine Diagnosis and Radiology, KD Dental College and Hospital, Mathura</wicri:regionArea>
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<author><name sortKey="Yeluri, Garima" sort="Yeluri, Garima" uniqKey="Yeluri G" first="Garima" last="Yeluri">Garima Yeluri</name>
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<series><title level="j">Imaging Science in Dentistry</title>
<idno type="ISSN">2233-7822</idno>
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<imprint><date when="2012">2012</date>
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<front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Purpose</title>
<p>This study was performed to investigate the prevalence, morphology, and calcification pattern of the elongated styloid process in the Mathura population and its relation to gender, age, and mandibular movements.</p>
</sec>
<sec><title>Materials and Methods</title>
<p>The study analyzed digital panoramic radiographs of 2,706 adults. The elongated styloid process was classified with the radiographic appearance based on the morphology and calcification pattern. The limits of mandibular protrusion were evaluated for each subject. The data were analyzed by using a Student's t-test and chi-squared test with significance set at p=0.05.</p>
</sec>
<sec><title>Results</title>
<p>Bilateral elongation having an "elongated" type styloid process with a "partially mineralized" pattern was the most frequent type of styloid process. No correlation was found between styloid process type and calcification pattern on the one hand and gender on the other, although elongated styloid was more prevalent in older and male populations (p<0.05). Further styloid process elongation showed no effect on mandibular protrusive movement (p>0.05).</p>
</sec>
<sec><title>Conclusion</title>
<p>Dentists should recognize the existence of morphological variation in elongated styloid process or Eagle syndrome apparent on panoramic radiographs. We found higher prevalence of elongated styloid process in the population of the Mathura region when compared with other Indian populations. The calcification of the styloid process was more common in the older age group with no correlation to gender, mandibular movement and site. "Type I" with a "partially calcified" styloid process was observed more frequently in the population studied.</p>
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<pmc article-type="research-article"><pmc-dir>properties open_access</pmc-dir>
<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Imaging Sci Dent</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">Imaging Sci Dent</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">ISD</journal-id>
<journal-title-group><journal-title>Imaging Science in Dentistry</journal-title>
</journal-title-group>
<issn pub-type="ppub">2233-7822</issn>
<issn pub-type="epub">2233-7830</issn>
<publisher><publisher-name>Korean Academy of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology</publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">23071965</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="pmc">3465757</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.5624/isd.2012.42.3.155</article-id>
<article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Original Article</subject>
</subj-group>
</article-categories>
<title-group><article-title>Clinicoradiologic evaluation of styloid process calcification</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name><surname>Bagga</surname>
<given-names>Mun Bhawni</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A1"></xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Kumar</surname>
<given-names>C. Anand</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A2">*</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Yeluri</surname>
<given-names>Garima</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A2">*</xref>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="A1">Department of Oral Medicine Diagnosis and Radiology, M.N. D.A.V. Dental College and Hospital, Solan, India.</aff>
<aff id="A2"><label>*</label>
Department of Oral Medicine Diagnosis and Radiology, KD Dental College and Hospital, Mathura, India.</aff>
<author-notes><corresp>Correspondence to: Dr. Mun Bhawni Bagga. Department of Oral Medicine Diagnosis and Radiology, M.N. D.A.V. Dental College and Hospital, Tatul, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, India. Tel) 91-94182-28882, Fax) 91-1792-252809, <email>munbhawni@gmail.com</email>
</corresp>
</author-notes>
<pub-date pub-type="ppub"><month>9</month>
<year>2012</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>21</day>
<month>9</month>
<year>2012</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>42</volume>
<issue>3</issue>
<fpage>155</fpage>
<lpage>161</lpage>
<history><date date-type="received"><day>18</day>
<month>4</month>
<year>2012</year>
</date>
<date date-type="rev-recd"><day>05</day>
<month>6</month>
<year>2012</year>
</date>
<date date-type="accepted"><day>30</day>
<month>6</month>
<year>2012</year>
</date>
</history>
<permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright © 2012 by Korean Academy of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology</copyright-statement>
<copyright-year>2012</copyright-year>
<license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0"><license-p>This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0">http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0</ext-link>
) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.</license-p>
</license>
</permissions>
<abstract><sec><title>Purpose</title>
<p>This study was performed to investigate the prevalence, morphology, and calcification pattern of the elongated styloid process in the Mathura population and its relation to gender, age, and mandibular movements.</p>
</sec>
<sec><title>Materials and Methods</title>
<p>The study analyzed digital panoramic radiographs of 2,706 adults. The elongated styloid process was classified with the radiographic appearance based on the morphology and calcification pattern. The limits of mandibular protrusion were evaluated for each subject. The data were analyzed by using a Student's t-test and chi-squared test with significance set at p=0.05.</p>
</sec>
<sec><title>Results</title>
<p>Bilateral elongation having an "elongated" type styloid process with a "partially mineralized" pattern was the most frequent type of styloid process. No correlation was found between styloid process type and calcification pattern on the one hand and gender on the other, although elongated styloid was more prevalent in older and male populations (p<0.05). Further styloid process elongation showed no effect on mandibular protrusive movement (p>0.05).</p>
</sec>
<sec><title>Conclusion</title>
<p>Dentists should recognize the existence of morphological variation in elongated styloid process or Eagle syndrome apparent on panoramic radiographs. We found higher prevalence of elongated styloid process in the population of the Mathura region when compared with other Indian populations. The calcification of the styloid process was more common in the older age group with no correlation to gender, mandibular movement and site. "Type I" with a "partially calcified" styloid process was observed more frequently in the population studied.</p>
</sec>
</abstract>
<kwd-group><kwd>Calcification</kwd>
<kwd>Eagle Syndrome</kwd>
<kwd>Radiography, Panoramic</kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front>
<floats-group><fig id="F1" position="float"><label>Fig. 1</label>
<caption><p>A. The points show the anterior nasal spine and mastoid process on panoramic radiograph. B. Imaginary line connects the anterior nasal spine and the mastoid process on panoramic radiograph. C. Classification of elongation of styloid process based on type of calcification: Type I (elongated), Type II (pseudo articulated), and Type III (segmented). D. Classification of elongation of styloid process based on pattern of calcification (A: Calcified outline; B: Partially calcified; C: Nodular; D: Completely calcified).</p>
</caption>
<graphic xlink:href="isd-42-155-g001"></graphic>
</fig>
<fig id="F2" position="float"><label>Fig. 2</label>
<caption><p>The diagram shows the number and percentage of the distribution of styloid process elongation according to the groups.</p>
</caption>
<graphic xlink:href="isd-42-155-g002"></graphic>
</fig>
<fig id="F3" position="float"><label>Fig. 3</label>
<caption><p>A panoramic radiograph reveals bilateral styloid process calcification (Type I and Pattern B).</p>
</caption>
<graphic xlink:href="isd-42-155-g003"></graphic>
</fig>
<table-wrap id="T1" position="float"><label>Table 1</label>
<caption><p>Comparison of difference in mean age between those with and without elongation in the study population</p>
</caption>
<graphic xlink:href="isd-42-155-i001"></graphic>
</table-wrap>
<table-wrap id="T2" position="float"><label>Table 2</label>
<caption><p>Prevalence and correlation of gender for type and pattern of styloid process calcification of Group 2, 3, and 4</p>
</caption>
<graphic xlink:href="isd-42-155-i002"></graphic>
</table-wrap>
<table-wrap id="T3" position="float"><label>Table 3</label>
<caption><p>Styloid calcification comparison between site (right and left) and gender (male and female)</p>
</caption>
<graphic xlink:href="isd-42-155-i003"></graphic>
</table-wrap>
<table-wrap id="T4" position="float"><label>Table 4</label>
<caption><p>Comparison between mandibular protrusion of the "not elongated" and "elongated" styloid process groups</p>
</caption>
<graphic xlink:href="isd-42-155-i004"></graphic>
</table-wrap>
</floats-group>
</pmc>
</record>
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