Oral Health of Patients Treated with Acrylic Partial Dentures Using a Toothpaste Containing Bee Product
Identifieur interne : 002C48 ( Pmc/Curation ); précédent : 002C47; suivant : 002C49Oral Health of Patients Treated with Acrylic Partial Dentures Using a Toothpaste Containing Bee Product
Auteurs : Karolina Wiatrak [Pologne] ; Tadeusz Morawiec [Pologne] ; Rafał R J [Pologne] ; Anna Mertas [Pologne] ; Agnieszka Machorowska-Pieni Ek [Pologne] ; Patryk Kownacki [Pologne] ; Marta Tanasiewicz [Pologne] ; Małgorzata Skucha-Nowak [Pologne] ; Stefan Baron [Pologne] ; Tomasz Piekarz [Pologne] ; Maciej Wrzoł [Pologne] ; Mateusz Bogacz [Pologne] ; Jacek Kasperski [Pologne] ; Iwona Niedzielska [Pologne]Source :
- Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine : eCAM [ 1741-427X ] ; 2017.
Abstract
This study was carried out to investigate the influence of a propolis and tee tree oil-containing hygienic agent on selected oral health parameters, oral microflora, and the condition of periodontal health. Thirty-seven patients who underwent oral rehabilitation with a removable acrylic denture were selected and randomly assigned into two groups: study group (A) which received a newly formulated propolis and tee tree oil-containing toothpaste or a control group (C) without an active ingredient. API, S-OHI, and mSBI were assessed in three subsequent stages. During each examination swabs were employed for microbiological inoculation: in the study group after 4 weeks use of the active toothpaste showed a decrease in the number of isolated microorganisms. In the control group, after 4 weeks use of the toothpaste without active ingredients resulted in increase in the number of the isolated microorganisms. Improvements in hygiene and the condition of periodontium were observed in patients using active toothpastes. In the study group the oral flora diversity was reduced by the decrease in the number of cultured microorganism species, while in the control group an increase in the number of cultured microorganisms and their species was observed.
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DOI: 10.1155/2017/4034179
PubMed: 28265291
PubMed Central: 5317110
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<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Oral Health of Patients Treated with Acrylic Partial Dentures Using a Toothpaste Containing Bee Product</title><author><name sortKey="Wiatrak, Karolina" sort="Wiatrak, Karolina" uniqKey="Wiatrak K" first="Karolina" last="Wiatrak">Karolina Wiatrak</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I1">Department of Oral Surgery, School of Medicine with the Division of Dentistry in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Plac Akademicki 17, 41-902 Bytom, Poland</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Pologne</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Oral Surgery, School of Medicine with the Division of Dentistry in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Plac Akademicki 17, 41-902 Bytom</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Morawiec, Tadeusz" sort="Morawiec, Tadeusz" uniqKey="Morawiec T" first="Tadeusz" last="Morawiec">Tadeusz Morawiec</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I1">Department of Oral Surgery, School of Medicine with the Division of Dentistry in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Plac Akademicki 17, 41-902 Bytom, Poland</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Pologne</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Oral Surgery, School of Medicine with the Division of Dentistry in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Plac Akademicki 17, 41-902 Bytom</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="R J, Rafal" sort="R J, Rafal" uniqKey="R J R" first="Rafał" last="R J">Rafał R J</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I2">Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, School of Medicine with the Division of Dentistry in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Plac Akademicki 17, 41-902 Bytom, Poland</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Pologne</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, School of Medicine with the Division of Dentistry in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Plac Akademicki 17, 41-902 Bytom</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mertas, Anna" sort="Mertas, Anna" uniqKey="Mertas A" first="Anna" last="Mertas">Anna Mertas</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I3">Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine with the Division of Dentistry in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Jordana 19, 41-808 Zabrze, Poland</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Pologne</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine with the Division of Dentistry in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Jordana 19, 41-808 Zabrze</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Machorowska Pieni Ek, Agnieszka" sort="Machorowska Pieni Ek, Agnieszka" uniqKey="Machorowska Pieni Ek A" first="Agnieszka" last="Machorowska-Pieni Ek">Agnieszka Machorowska-Pieni Ek</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I4">Department of Orthodontics, Chair of Masticatory Dysfunction and Orthodontics, School of Medicine with the Division of Dentistry in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Plac Traugutta 2, 41-800 Zabrze, Poland</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Pologne</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Orthodontics, Chair of Masticatory Dysfunction and Orthodontics, School of Medicine with the Division of Dentistry in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Plac Traugutta 2, 41-800 Zabrze</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kownacki, Patryk" sort="Kownacki, Patryk" uniqKey="Kownacki P" first="Patryk" last="Kownacki">Patryk Kownacki</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I1">Department of Oral Surgery, School of Medicine with the Division of Dentistry in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Plac Akademicki 17, 41-902 Bytom, Poland</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Pologne</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Oral Surgery, School of Medicine with the Division of Dentistry in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Plac Akademicki 17, 41-902 Bytom</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tanasiewicz, Marta" sort="Tanasiewicz, Marta" uniqKey="Tanasiewicz M" first="Marta" last="Tanasiewicz">Marta Tanasiewicz</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I5">Department of Conservative Dentistry with Endodontics, School of Medicine with the Division of Dentistry in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Plac Akademicki 17, 41-902 Bytom, Poland</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Pologne</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Conservative Dentistry with Endodontics, School of Medicine with the Division of Dentistry in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Plac Akademicki 17, 41-902 Bytom</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Skucha Nowak, Malgorzata" sort="Skucha Nowak, Malgorzata" uniqKey="Skucha Nowak M" first="Małgorzata" last="Skucha-Nowak">Małgorzata Skucha-Nowak</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I5">Department of Conservative Dentistry with Endodontics, School of Medicine with the Division of Dentistry in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Plac Akademicki 17, 41-902 Bytom, Poland</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Pologne</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Conservative Dentistry with Endodontics, School of Medicine with the Division of Dentistry in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Plac Akademicki 17, 41-902 Bytom</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Baron, Stefan" sort="Baron, Stefan" uniqKey="Baron S" first="Stefan" last="Baron">Stefan Baron</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I6">Chair of Masticatory Dysfunction and Orthodontics, School of Medicine with the Division of Dentistry in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Plac Traugutta 2, 41-800 Zabrze, Poland</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Pologne</country><wicri:regionArea>Chair of Masticatory Dysfunction and Orthodontics, School of Medicine with the Division of Dentistry in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Plac Traugutta 2, 41-800 Zabrze</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Piekarz, Tomasz" sort="Piekarz, Tomasz" uniqKey="Piekarz T" first="Tomasz" last="Piekarz">Tomasz Piekarz</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I1">Department of Oral Surgery, School of Medicine with the Division of Dentistry in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Plac Akademicki 17, 41-902 Bytom, Poland</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Pologne</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Oral Surgery, School of Medicine with the Division of Dentistry in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Plac Akademicki 17, 41-902 Bytom</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wrzol, Maciej" sort="Wrzol, Maciej" uniqKey="Wrzol M" first="Maciej" last="Wrzoł">Maciej Wrzoł</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I1">Department of Oral Surgery, School of Medicine with the Division of Dentistry in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Plac Akademicki 17, 41-902 Bytom, Poland</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Pologne</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Oral Surgery, School of Medicine with the Division of Dentistry in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Plac Akademicki 17, 41-902 Bytom</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bogacz, Mateusz" sort="Bogacz, Mateusz" uniqKey="Bogacz M" first="Mateusz" last="Bogacz">Mateusz Bogacz</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I1">Department of Oral Surgery, School of Medicine with the Division of Dentistry in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Plac Akademicki 17, 41-902 Bytom, Poland</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Pologne</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Oral Surgery, School of Medicine with the Division of Dentistry in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Plac Akademicki 17, 41-902 Bytom</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kasperski, Jacek" sort="Kasperski, Jacek" uniqKey="Kasperski J" first="Jacek" last="Kasperski">Jacek Kasperski</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I2">Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, School of Medicine with the Division of Dentistry in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Plac Akademicki 17, 41-902 Bytom, Poland</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Pologne</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, School of Medicine with the Division of Dentistry in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Plac Akademicki 17, 41-902 Bytom</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Niedzielska, Iwona" sort="Niedzielska, Iwona" uniqKey="Niedzielska I" first="Iwona" last="Niedzielska">Iwona Niedzielska</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I7">Department and Hospital of Craniomaxillofacial Surgery and Oral Surgery, School of Medicine with the Division of Dentistry in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Plac Akademicki 17, 41-902 Bytom, Poland</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Pologne</country><wicri:regionArea>Department and Hospital of Craniomaxillofacial Surgery and Oral Surgery, School of Medicine with the Division of Dentistry in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Plac Akademicki 17, 41-902 Bytom</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno><idno type="pmid">28265291</idno><idno type="pmc">5317110</idno><idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5317110</idno><idno type="RBID">PMC:5317110</idno><idno type="doi">10.1155/2017/4034179</idno><date when="2017">2017</date><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Corpus">002C48</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Corpus" 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Bytom</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Morawiec, Tadeusz" sort="Morawiec, Tadeusz" uniqKey="Morawiec T" first="Tadeusz" last="Morawiec">Tadeusz Morawiec</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I1">Department of Oral Surgery, School of Medicine with the Division of Dentistry in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Plac Akademicki 17, 41-902 Bytom, Poland</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Pologne</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Oral Surgery, School of Medicine with the Division of Dentistry in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Plac Akademicki 17, 41-902 Bytom</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="R J, Rafal" sort="R J, Rafal" uniqKey="R J R" first="Rafał" last="R J">Rafał R J</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I2">Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, School of Medicine with the Division of Dentistry in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Plac Akademicki 17, 41-902 Bytom, Poland</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Pologne</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, School of Medicine with the Division of Dentistry in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Plac Akademicki 17, 41-902 Bytom</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mertas, Anna" sort="Mertas, Anna" uniqKey="Mertas A" first="Anna" last="Mertas">Anna Mertas</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I3">Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine with the Division of Dentistry in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Jordana 19, 41-808 Zabrze, Poland</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Pologne</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine with the Division of Dentistry in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Jordana 19, 41-808 Zabrze</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Machorowska Pieni Ek, Agnieszka" sort="Machorowska Pieni Ek, Agnieszka" uniqKey="Machorowska Pieni Ek A" first="Agnieszka" last="Machorowska-Pieni Ek">Agnieszka Machorowska-Pieni Ek</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I4">Department of Orthodontics, Chair of Masticatory Dysfunction and Orthodontics, School of Medicine with the Division of Dentistry in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Plac Traugutta 2, 41-800 Zabrze, Poland</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Pologne</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Orthodontics, Chair of Masticatory Dysfunction and Orthodontics, School of Medicine with the Division of Dentistry in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Plac Traugutta 2, 41-800 Zabrze</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kownacki, Patryk" sort="Kownacki, Patryk" uniqKey="Kownacki P" first="Patryk" last="Kownacki">Patryk Kownacki</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I1">Department of Oral Surgery, School of Medicine with the Division of Dentistry in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Plac Akademicki 17, 41-902 Bytom, Poland</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Pologne</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Oral Surgery, School of Medicine with the Division of Dentistry in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Plac Akademicki 17, 41-902 Bytom</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tanasiewicz, Marta" sort="Tanasiewicz, Marta" uniqKey="Tanasiewicz M" first="Marta" last="Tanasiewicz">Marta Tanasiewicz</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I5">Department of Conservative Dentistry with Endodontics, School of Medicine with the Division of Dentistry in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Plac Akademicki 17, 41-902 Bytom, Poland</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Pologne</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Conservative Dentistry with Endodontics, School of Medicine with the Division of Dentistry in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Plac Akademicki 17, 41-902 Bytom</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Skucha Nowak, Malgorzata" sort="Skucha Nowak, Malgorzata" uniqKey="Skucha Nowak M" first="Małgorzata" last="Skucha-Nowak">Małgorzata Skucha-Nowak</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I5">Department of Conservative Dentistry with Endodontics, School of Medicine with the Division of Dentistry in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Plac Akademicki 17, 41-902 Bytom, Poland</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Pologne</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Conservative Dentistry with Endodontics, School of Medicine with the Division of Dentistry in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Plac Akademicki 17, 41-902 Bytom</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Baron, Stefan" sort="Baron, Stefan" uniqKey="Baron S" first="Stefan" last="Baron">Stefan Baron</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I6">Chair of Masticatory Dysfunction and Orthodontics, School of Medicine with the Division of Dentistry in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Plac Traugutta 2, 41-800 Zabrze, Poland</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Pologne</country><wicri:regionArea>Chair of Masticatory Dysfunction and Orthodontics, School of Medicine with the Division of Dentistry in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Plac Traugutta 2, 41-800 Zabrze</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Piekarz, Tomasz" sort="Piekarz, Tomasz" uniqKey="Piekarz T" first="Tomasz" last="Piekarz">Tomasz Piekarz</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I1">Department of Oral Surgery, School of Medicine with the Division of Dentistry in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Plac Akademicki 17, 41-902 Bytom, Poland</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Pologne</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Oral Surgery, School of Medicine with the Division of Dentistry in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Plac Akademicki 17, 41-902 Bytom</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wrzol, Maciej" sort="Wrzol, Maciej" uniqKey="Wrzol M" first="Maciej" last="Wrzoł">Maciej Wrzoł</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I1">Department of Oral Surgery, School of Medicine with the Division of Dentistry in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Plac Akademicki 17, 41-902 Bytom, Poland</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Pologne</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Oral Surgery, School of Medicine with the Division of Dentistry in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Plac Akademicki 17, 41-902 Bytom</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bogacz, Mateusz" sort="Bogacz, Mateusz" uniqKey="Bogacz M" first="Mateusz" last="Bogacz">Mateusz Bogacz</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I1">Department of Oral Surgery, School of Medicine with the Division of Dentistry in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Plac Akademicki 17, 41-902 Bytom, Poland</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Pologne</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Oral Surgery, School of Medicine with the Division of Dentistry in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Plac Akademicki 17, 41-902 Bytom</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kasperski, Jacek" sort="Kasperski, Jacek" uniqKey="Kasperski J" first="Jacek" last="Kasperski">Jacek Kasperski</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I2">Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, School of Medicine with the Division of Dentistry in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Plac Akademicki 17, 41-902 Bytom, Poland</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Pologne</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, School of Medicine with the Division of Dentistry in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Plac Akademicki 17, 41-902 Bytom</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Niedzielska, Iwona" sort="Niedzielska, Iwona" uniqKey="Niedzielska I" first="Iwona" last="Niedzielska">Iwona Niedzielska</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I7">Department and Hospital of Craniomaxillofacial Surgery and Oral Surgery, School of Medicine with the Division of Dentistry in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Plac Akademicki 17, 41-902 Bytom, Poland</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Pologne</country><wicri:regionArea>Department and Hospital of Craniomaxillofacial Surgery and Oral Surgery, School of Medicine with the Division of Dentistry in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Plac Akademicki 17, 41-902 Bytom</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine : eCAM</title><idno type="ISSN">1741-427X</idno><idno type="eISSN">1741-4288</idno><imprint><date when="2017">2017</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p>This study was carried out to investigate the influence of a propolis and tee tree oil-containing hygienic agent on selected oral health parameters, oral microflora, and the condition of periodontal health. Thirty-seven patients who underwent oral rehabilitation with a removable acrylic denture were selected and randomly assigned into two groups: study group (A) which received a newly formulated propolis and tee tree oil-containing toothpaste or a control group (C) without an active ingredient. API, S-OHI, and mSBI were assessed in three subsequent stages. During each examination swabs were employed for microbiological inoculation: in the study group after 4 weeks use of the active toothpaste showed a decrease in the number of isolated microorganisms. In the control group, after 4 weeks use of the toothpaste without active ingredients resulted in increase in the number of the isolated microorganisms. Improvements in hygiene and the condition of periodontium were observed in patients using active toothpastes. In the study group the oral flora diversity was reduced by the decrease in the number of cultured microorganism species, while in the control group an increase in the number of cultured microorganisms and their species was observed.</p></div></front><back><div1 type="bibliography"><listBibl><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Coulthwaite, L" uniqKey="Coulthwaite L">L. Coulthwaite</name></author><author><name sortKey="Verran, J" uniqKey="Verran J">J. Verran</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Felton, D A" uniqKey="Felton D">D. A. Felton</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Dersot, J M" uniqKey="Dersot J">J. M. Dersot</name></author><author><name sortKey="Giovannoli, J L" uniqKey="Giovannoli J">J. L. Giovannoli</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Giovannoli, J L" uniqKey="Giovannoli J">J. L. 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<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Evid Based Complement Alternat Med</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">Evid Based Complement Alternat Med</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">ECAM</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title>Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine : eCAM</journal-title></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1741-427X</issn><issn pub-type="epub">1741-4288</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Hindawi Publishing Corporation</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">28265291</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="pmc">5317110</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1155/2017/4034179</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Oral Health of Patients Treated with Acrylic Partial Dentures Using a Toothpaste Containing Bee Product</article-title></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid" authenticated="false">http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4299-6948</contrib-id><name><surname>Wiatrak</surname><given-names>Karolina</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="I1"><sup>1</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid" authenticated="false">http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2283-5784</contrib-id><name><surname>Morawiec</surname><given-names>Tadeusz</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="I1"><sup>1</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid" authenticated="false">http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4357-8000</contrib-id><name><surname>Rój</surname><given-names>Rafał</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="I2"><sup>2</sup></xref><xref ref-type="corresp" rid="cor1"><sup>*</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid" authenticated="false">http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0796-8818</contrib-id><name><surname>Mertas</surname><given-names>Anna</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="I3"><sup>3</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid" authenticated="false">http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3894-1298</contrib-id><name><surname>Machorowska-Pieniążek</surname><given-names>Agnieszka</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="I4"><sup>4</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Kownacki</surname><given-names>Patryk</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="I1"><sup>1</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Tanasiewicz</surname><given-names>Marta</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="I5"><sup>5</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid" authenticated="false">http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0584-968X</contrib-id><name><surname>Skucha-Nowak</surname><given-names>Małgorzata</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="I5"><sup>5</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid" authenticated="false">http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4951-8030</contrib-id><name><surname>Baron</surname><given-names>Stefan</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="I6"><sup>6</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Piekarz</surname><given-names>Tomasz</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="I1"><sup>1</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid" authenticated="false">http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8205-3576</contrib-id><name><surname>Wrzoł</surname><given-names>Maciej</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="I1"><sup>1</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Bogacz</surname><given-names>Mateusz</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="I1"><sup>1</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Kasperski</surname><given-names>Jacek</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="I2"><sup>2</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Niedzielska</surname><given-names>Iwona</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="I7"><sup>7</sup></xref></contrib></contrib-group><aff id="I1"><sup>1</sup>Department of Oral Surgery, School of Medicine with the Division of Dentistry in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Plac Akademicki 17, 41-902 Bytom, Poland</aff><aff id="I2"><sup>2</sup>Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, School of Medicine with the Division of Dentistry in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Plac Akademicki 17, 41-902 Bytom, Poland</aff><aff id="I3"><sup>3</sup>Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine with the Division of Dentistry in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Jordana 19, 41-808 Zabrze, Poland</aff><aff id="I4"><sup>4</sup>Department of Orthodontics, Chair of Masticatory Dysfunction and Orthodontics, School of Medicine with the Division of Dentistry in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Plac Traugutta 2, 41-800 Zabrze, Poland</aff><aff id="I5"><sup>5</sup>Department of Conservative Dentistry with Endodontics, School of Medicine with the Division of Dentistry in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Plac Akademicki 17, 41-902 Bytom, Poland</aff><aff id="I6"><sup>6</sup>Chair of Masticatory Dysfunction and Orthodontics, School of Medicine with the Division of Dentistry in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Plac Traugutta 2, 41-800 Zabrze, Poland</aff><aff id="I7"><sup>7</sup>Department and Hospital of Craniomaxillofacial Surgery and Oral Surgery, School of Medicine with the Division of Dentistry in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Plac Akademicki 17, 41-902 Bytom, Poland</aff><author-notes><corresp id="cor1">*Rafał Rój: <email>rafstoma@gmail.com</email></corresp><fn fn-type="other"><p>Academic Editor: Vassya Bankova</p></fn></author-notes><pub-date pub-type="ppub"><year>2017</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>6</day><month>2</month><year>2017</year></pub-date><volume>2017</volume><elocation-id>4034179</elocation-id><history><date date-type="received"><day>21</day><month>10</month><year>2016</year></date><date date-type="accepted"><day>23</day><month>11</month><year>2016</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright © 2017 Karolina Wiatrak et al.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2017</copyright-year><license xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"><license-p>This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.</license-p></license></permissions><abstract><p>This study was carried out to investigate the influence of a propolis and tee tree oil-containing hygienic agent on selected oral health parameters, oral microflora, and the condition of periodontal health. Thirty-seven patients who underwent oral rehabilitation with a removable acrylic denture were selected and randomly assigned into two groups: study group (A) which received a newly formulated propolis and tee tree oil-containing toothpaste or a control group (C) without an active ingredient. API, S-OHI, and mSBI were assessed in three subsequent stages. During each examination swabs were employed for microbiological inoculation: in the study group after 4 weeks use of the active toothpaste showed a decrease in the number of isolated microorganisms. In the control group, after 4 weeks use of the toothpaste without active ingredients resulted in increase in the number of the isolated microorganisms. Improvements in hygiene and the condition of periodontium were observed in patients using active toothpastes. In the study group the oral flora diversity was reduced by the decrease in the number of cultured microorganism species, while in the control group an increase in the number of cultured microorganisms and their species was observed.</p></abstract></article-meta></front><floats-group><fig id="fig1" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Figure 1</label><caption><p>ANOVA Estimated Marginal Means for denture plaque index study and control group.</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="ECAM2017-4034179.001"></graphic></fig><table-wrap id="tab1" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Table 1</label><caption><p>API ranges: assessment for study and control groups.</p></caption><table frame="hsides" rules="groups"><thead><tr><th colspan="7" align="center" rowspan="1">Oral hygiene assessment (interproximal spaces)</th></tr><tr><th align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">The assessment criteria</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">T1</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">T2</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">T3</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Friedman's ANOVA test (<italic>p</italic>)/Kendall's coefficient of concordance</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Wilcoxon signed-rank test <italic>p</italic></th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td rowspan="4" align="left" colspan="1">Study group (A)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Optimal</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">11%</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">39%</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">56%</td><td rowspan="4" align="center" colspan="1"><italic>p</italic> = 0.0000/0.95894</td><td rowspan="4" align="center" colspan="1">(1) : (2) = 0.000438<break></break>(2) : (3) = 0.000293<break></break>(1) : (3) = 0.000196</td></tr><tr><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Quite good</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">15%</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">28%</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">44%</td></tr><tr><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Average</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">53%</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">33%</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0%</td></tr><tr><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Bad</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">21%</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0%</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0%</td></tr><tr><td align="center" colspan="7" rowspan="1"><hr></hr></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="4" align="left" colspan="1">Control group (C)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Optimal</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">17%</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">21%</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">42%</td><td rowspan="4" align="center" colspan="1"><italic>p</italic> = 0.00228/0.32012</td><td rowspan="4" align="center" colspan="1">(1) : (2) = 0.231060<break></break>(2) : (3) = 0.064186<break></break>(1) : (3) = 0.000327</td></tr><tr><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Quite good</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">11%</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">37%</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">37%</td></tr><tr><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Average</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">72%</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">42%</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">21%</td></tr><tr><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Bad</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0%</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0%</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0%</td></tr><tr><td align="center" colspan="7" rowspan="1"><hr></hr></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" align="left" rowspan="1">Mann–Whitney “<italic>U</italic>” test (<italic>p</italic>)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.784483</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.046554</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.001032</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">—</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">—</td></tr></tbody></table><table-wrap-foot><fn><p>T1 (1): preliminary examination before hygiene procedure; T2 (2): examination after 7 days; T3 (3): 28 days after the initial examination.</p></fn></table-wrap-foot></table-wrap><table-wrap id="tab2" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Table 2</label><caption><p>OHI ranges: assessment for study and control groups.</p></caption><table frame="hsides" rules="groups"><thead><tr><th colspan="12" align="center" rowspan="1">Oral hygiene assessment (interproximal spaces)</th></tr><tr><th align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </th><th colspan="2" align="center" rowspan="1">T1</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Mean ± standard deviation</th><th colspan="2" align="center" rowspan="1">T2</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Mean ± standard deviation</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>p</italic></th><th colspan="2" align="center" rowspan="1">T3</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Mean ± standard deviation</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>p</italic></th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td rowspan="4" align="left" colspan="1">Study group (A)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0–0.5</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">55.5%</td><td rowspan="4" align="center" colspan="1">0.41 ± 0.25</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0–0.5</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">66.6%</td><td rowspan="4" align="center" colspan="1">0.33 ± 0.23</td><td rowspan="4" align="center" colspan="1">0.013221</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0–0.5</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">88.8%</td><td rowspan="4" align="center" colspan="1">0.20 ± 0.17</td><td rowspan="4" align="center" colspan="1">0.000468</td></tr><tr><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.6–1</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">44.5%</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.6–1</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">34.4%</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.6–1</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">11.1%</td></tr><tr><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.1–2</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0%</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.1–2</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0%</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.1–2</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0%</td></tr><tr><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2.1–3</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0%</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2.1–3</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0%</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2.1–3</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0%</td></tr><tr><td align="center" colspan="12" rowspan="1"><hr></hr></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="4" align="left" colspan="1">Control group (C)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0–0.5</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">58%</td><td rowspan="4" align="center" colspan="1">0.64 ± 0.50</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0–0.5</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">63%</td><td rowspan="4" align="center" colspan="1">0.58 ± 0.30</td><td rowspan="4" align="center" colspan="1">0.352356</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0–0.5</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">68.4%</td><td rowspan="4" align="center" colspan="1">0.57 ± 0.23</td><td rowspan="4" align="center" colspan="1">0.382331</td></tr><tr><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.6–1</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">21%</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.6–1</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">21%</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.6–1</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">31.6%</td></tr><tr><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.1–2</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">16%</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.1–2</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">16%</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.1–2</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0%</td></tr><tr><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2.1–3</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5%</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.006370</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.000002</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2.1–3</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0%</td></tr><tr><td align="center" colspan="12" rowspan="1"><hr></hr></td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Study (A) versus control (C) (<italic>p</italic>)</td><td colspan="3" align="center" rowspan="1">0.097301</td><td colspan="4" align="center" rowspan="1">0,006370</td><td colspan="4" align="center" rowspan="1">0,000002</td></tr></tbody></table><table-wrap-foot><fn><p>T1 (1): preliminary examination before hygiene procedure; T2 (2): examination after 7 days; T3 (3): 28 days after the initial examination.</p></fn></table-wrap-foot></table-wrap><table-wrap id="tab3" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Table 3</label><caption><p>SBI ranges: assessment for study and control groups.</p></caption><table frame="hsides" rules="groups"><thead><tr><th colspan="7" align="center" rowspan="1">Sulcus Bleeding Index assessment </th></tr><tr><th align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">The assessment criteria</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">T1</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">T2</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">T3</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Friedman's ANOVA test (<italic>p</italic>)/Kendall's coefficient of concordance</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Wilcoxon signed-rank test <italic>p</italic></th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td rowspan="2" align="left" colspan="1">Study group (A)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Normal gingiva <break></break>SBI < 10%</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">50%</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">72.5%</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">100%</td><td rowspan="2" align="center" colspan="1"><italic>p</italic> = 0.00000/0.71010</td><td rowspan="2" align="center" colspan="1"> (1) : (2): 0.003283<break></break>(2) : (3): 0.001474<break></break>(1) : (3): 0.000982</td></tr><tr><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Bleeding on probing</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">50%</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">27.5%</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0%</td></tr><tr><td align="center" colspan="7" rowspan="1"><hr></hr></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="2" align="left" colspan="1">Control group (C)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Normal gingiva <break></break>SBI < 10%</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">53%</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">65.5%</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">65.5%</td><td rowspan="2" align="center" colspan="1"><italic>p</italic> = 0.09760/0.12247</td><td rowspan="2" align="center" colspan="1"> (1) : (2): 0.726768<break></break>(2) : (3): 0.286004<break></break>(1) : (3): 0.572082</td></tr><tr><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Bleeding on probing</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">47%</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">34.5%</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">34.5%</td></tr><tr><td align="center" colspan="7" rowspan="1"><hr></hr></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" align="left" rowspan="1">Mann–Whitney <italic>U</italic> test (<italic>p</italic>)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.346197</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.012713</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.000001</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">—</td></tr></tbody></table><table-wrap-foot><fn><p>T1 (1): preliminary examination before hygiene procedure; T2 (2): examination after 7 days; T3 (3): 28 days after the initial examination.</p></fn></table-wrap-foot></table-wrap><table-wrap id="tab4" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Table 4</label><caption><p>The microorganisms species isolated from patients, who used toothpaste with EEP and TTO (study group, A) or without EEP and TTO (control group, C).</p></caption><table frame="hsides" rules="groups"><thead><tr><th rowspan="2" align="left" colspan="1">Isolated microorganisms</th><th colspan="3" align="center" rowspan="1"> Number of patients from study group (A)</th><th colspan="3" align="center" rowspan="1"> Number of patients from control group (C)</th></tr><tr><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Initial</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">After 7 days</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">After 28 days</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Initial</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">After 7 days</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">After 28 days</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td colspan="7" align="left" rowspan="1">Gram(+) anaerobic bacteria</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> <italic>Actinomyces viscosus </italic></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> <italic>Actinomyces israelii </italic></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> <italic>Actinomyces naeslundii</italic></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">7</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">7</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> <italic>Anaerococcus prevotti </italic></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> <italic>Atopobium minutum </italic></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> <italic>Atopobium parvulum </italic></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> <italic>Bifidobacterium adolesccentis </italic></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> <italic>Bifidobacterium dentium </italic></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> <italic>Bifidobacterium longum </italic></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">4</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">4</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> <italic>Bifidobacterium breve </italic></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> <italic>Bifidobacterium ovatus </italic></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> <italic>Blautia producta </italic></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> <italic>Clostridium barati </italic></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> <italic>Clostridium botulinum biovar A </italic></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> <italic>Clostridium butyricum</italic></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> <italic>Clostridium chauvoei </italic></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> <italic>Clostridium clostridiforme </italic></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> <italic>Clostridium histolyticum </italic></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> <italic>Clostridium perfringens </italic></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> <italic>Clostridium sporogenes </italic></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> <italic>Eubacterium saburreum </italic></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> <italic>Gemella morbillorum </italic></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> <italic>Lactobacillus acidophilus</italic></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> <italic>Lactobacillus fermentum</italic></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> <italic>Propionibacterium granulosum </italic></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> <italic>Propionibacterium propionicum </italic></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td></tr><tr><td align="center" colspan="7" rowspan="1"><hr></hr></td></tr><tr><td colspan="7" align="left" rowspan="1">Gram(−) anaerobic bacteria</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> <italic>Bacteroides ovatus</italic></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> <italic>Bacteroides uniformis </italic></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> <italic>Campylobacter gracilis </italic></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> <italic>Capnocytophaga ochracea </italic></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> <italic>Fusobacterium nucleatum</italic></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> <italic>Fusobacterium mortiferum </italic></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> <italic>Mitsuokella multacida</italic></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">4</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">4</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> <italic>Parabacteroides distasonis </italic></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> <italic>Prevotella melaninogenica </italic></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> <italic>Prevotella oralis </italic></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> <italic>Veillonella parvula </italic></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td></tr><tr><td align="center" colspan="7" rowspan="1"><hr></hr></td></tr><tr><td colspan="7" align="left" rowspan="1">Gram(+) aerobic bacteria</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> <italic>Micrococcus</italic> spp.</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> <italic>Staphylococcus aureus MSSA </italic></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> <italic>Staphylococcus epidermidis MSCNS</italic></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> <italic>Streptococcus mitis </italic></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">7</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">10</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">7</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">6</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">7</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">9</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> <italic>Streptococcus oralis </italic></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> <italic>Streptococcus mutans</italic></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> <italic>Streptococcus salivarius</italic></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">9</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">8</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">7</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">4</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">10</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> <italic>Streptococcus sanguinis</italic></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">4</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">7</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3</td></tr><tr><td align="center" colspan="7" rowspan="1"><hr></hr></td></tr><tr><td colspan="7" align="left" rowspan="1">Gram(−) aerobic bacteria</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> <italic>Acinetobacter freundii</italic></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> <italic>Burkholderia cepacia</italic></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> <italic>Enterobacter amniogenus </italic></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> <italic>Enterobacter cloacae </italic></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> <italic>Enterobacter</italic> spp.</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> <italic>Escherichia coli </italic></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> <italic>Neisseria sicca</italic></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> <italic>Neisseria subflava </italic></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">15</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">18</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">16</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">18</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">16</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">19</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> <italic>Providencia rustigiani </italic></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> <italic>Pseudomonas</italic> spp.</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> <italic>Stenotrophomonas maltophilia </italic></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0</td></tr><tr><td align="center" colspan="7" rowspan="1"><hr></hr></td></tr><tr><td colspan="7" align="left" rowspan="1">Fungi</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> <italic>Candida albicans</italic></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">8</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">8</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">6</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">9</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">9</td></tr><tr><td align="center" colspan="7" rowspan="1"><hr></hr></td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Number of microorganisms strains</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>77</bold></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>78</bold></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>65</bold></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>79</bold></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>83</bold></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>92</bold></td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Altogether:</td><td colspan="3" align="center" rowspan="1"><bold>220</bold></td><td colspan="3" align="center" rowspan="1"><bold>254</bold></td></tr></tbody></table></table-wrap><table-wrap id="tab5" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Table 5</label><caption><p>The changes of oral microflora from patients, who used toothpaste with EEP and TTO (study group, A) or without EEP and TTO (control group, C).</p></caption><table frame="hsides" rules="groups"><thead><tr><th align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Changes of microorganisms species after 28 days of study</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Study group (A)</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Control group (C)</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td rowspan="8" align="left" colspan="1">Eliminated species</td><td colspan="2" align="center" rowspan="1"> Gram(+) anaerobic bacteria</td></tr><tr><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Actinomyces viscosus</italic> <break></break><italic>Actinomyces israelii</italic> <break></break><italic>Atopobium parvulum Bifidobacterium ovatus Clostridium botulinum </italic><break></break><italic>Eubacterium saburreum </italic><break></break><italic>Lactobacillus acidophilus </italic><break></break><italic>Lactobacillus fermentum </italic><break></break><italic>Propionibacterium granulosum</italic></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Clostridium sporogenes</italic> <break></break><italic>Eubacterium saburreum</italic> <break></break><italic>Lactobacillus fermentum </italic></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" align="center" rowspan="1"> Gram(−) anaerobic bacteria</td></tr><tr><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Bacteroides uniformis</italic> <break></break><italic>Parabacteroides dystasonis</italic></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Bacteroides ovatus</italic> <break></break><italic>Fusobacterium mortiferum</italic> <break></break><italic>Prevotella oralis</italic></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" align="center" rowspan="1"> Gram(+) aerobic bacteria</td></tr><tr><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Staphylococcus epidermidis MSCNS</italic></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Staphylococcus aureus MSSA</italic></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" align="center" rowspan="1"> Gram(−) aerobic bacteria</td></tr><tr><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Acinetobacter freundii</italic> <break></break><italic>Burkholderia cepacia</italic> <break></break><italic>Neisseria sicca </italic></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">—</td></tr><tr><td align="center" colspan="3" rowspan="1"><hr></hr></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="8" align="left" colspan="1">Declined species</td><td colspan="2" align="center" rowspan="1"> Gram(+) anaerobic bacteria</td></tr><tr><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Bifidobacterium adolescentis</italic></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Blautia producta</italic> <break></break><italic>Clostridium clostridiforme</italic> <break></break><italic>Lactobacillus acidophilus</italic></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" align="center" rowspan="1"> Gram(−) anaerobic bacteria</td></tr><tr><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Veillonella parvula</italic></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Capnocytophaga ochracea</italic></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" align="center" rowspan="1"> Gram(+) aerobic bacteria</td></tr><tr><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Streptococcus salivarius</italic> <break></break><italic>Streptococcus sanguinis</italic></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Streptococcus sanguinis</italic></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" align="center" rowspan="1"> Fungi</td></tr><tr><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Candida albicans</italic></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">—</td></tr><tr><td align="center" colspan="3" rowspan="1"><hr></hr></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="8" align="left" colspan="1">Gained species</td><td colspan="2" align="center" rowspan="1"> Gram(+) anaerobic bacteria</td></tr><tr><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Atopobium minutum</italic> <break></break><italic>Clostridium butyricum</italic></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Bifidobacterium dentium Bifidobacterium ovatus </italic><break></break><italic>Clostridium chauvoei </italic><break></break><italic>Gemella morbillorum </italic><break></break><italic>Propionibacterium propionicum</italic></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" align="center" rowspan="1"> Gram(−) anaerobic bacteria</td></tr><tr><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Capnocytophaga ochracea Prevotella melaninogenica</italic></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Veillonella parvula</italic></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" align="center" rowspan="1"> Gram(+) aerobic bacteria</td></tr><tr><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Micrococcus</italic> spp.<break></break><italic>Streptococcus oralis</italic></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Streptococcus mutans</italic></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" align="center" rowspan="1"> Gram(−) aerobic bacteria</td></tr><tr><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Providiencia rustigiani</italic> <break></break><italic>Stenotrophomonas maltophilia</italic></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Neisseria sicca</italic></td></tr><tr><td align="center" colspan="3" rowspan="1"><hr></hr></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="10" align="left" colspan="1">Increased species</td><td colspan="2" align="center" rowspan="1"> Gram(+) anaerobic bacteria</td></tr><tr><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Blautia producta</italic></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Actinomyces israeli</italic> <break></break><italic>Actinomyces naeslundii</italic></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" align="center" rowspan="1"> Gram(−) anaerobic bacteria</td></tr><tr><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Mitsuokella multiacida</italic></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Campylobacter gracilis</italic></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" align="center" rowspan="1"> Gram(+) aerobic bacteria</td></tr><tr><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Staphylococcus aureus MSSA</italic></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Streptococcus mitis</italic> <break></break><italic>Streptococcus salivarius</italic></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" align="center" rowspan="1"> Gram(−) aerobic bacteria</td></tr><tr><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Neisseria subflava</italic></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Neisseria subflava</italic> <break></break><italic>Escherichia coli</italic></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" align="center" rowspan="1"> Fungi</td></tr><tr><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">—</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Candida albicans</italic></td></tr></tbody></table></table-wrap></floats-group></pmc></record>Pour manipuler ce 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