Does Dental Insurance Make a Difference in Type of Service Received by Iranian Dentate Adults?
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Auteurs : Fariborz Bayat [Finlande, Iran] ; Heikki Murtomaa [Finlande] ; Miira M. Vehkalahti [Finlande] ; Heikki Tala [Finlande]Source :
- European Journal of Dentistry [ 1305-7456 ] ; 2011.
Abstract
To assess the relationship between insurance status and type of service received among dentate adults in a developing oral health care system.
A cross-sectional survey based on phone interviews in Tehran, Iran. Four trained interviewers collected data using a structured questionnaire. Of 1,531 subjects answering the phone call, 224 were <18 years; of the remaining 1,307, 221 (17%) refused to participate, and 85 (6%) were excluded as edentate or reporting no dental visit, leaving 1,001 eligible subjects in the sample. The questionnaire covered insurance status, socio-demographics, frequency of tooth brushing, dental attendance as reasons for, and time since last dental visit, and dental service received then. Data analysis included the chi-square test and logistic regression.
Of the subjects, 71% had a dental insurance. Those with no insurance were more likely to report tooth extractions (OR=1.5) than those with an insurance coverage; for all other treatments no differences according to the insurance status appeared. Among the insured subjects, extractions were more likely for those reporting a problem-based dental visit (OR=6.0) or having a low level of education (OR=2.3).
In Iran, with its developing oral health care system, dental insurance had only a minor impact on dental services reported.
Url:
PubMed: 21311609
PubMed Central: 3037191
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<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Does Dental Insurance Make a Difference in Type of Service Received by Iranian Dentate Adults?</title><author><name sortKey="Bayat, Fariborz" sort="Bayat, Fariborz" uniqKey="Bayat F" first="Fariborz" last="Bayat">Fariborz Bayat</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af1-dent05_p0068">Institute of Dentistry, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Finlande</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute of Dentistry, University of Helsinki, Helsinki</wicri:regionArea></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af2-dent05_p0068">Shaheed Beheshti Medical University, Tehran, Iran</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Iran</country><wicri:regionArea>Shaheed Beheshti Medical University, Tehran</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Murtomaa, Heikki" sort="Murtomaa, Heikki" uniqKey="Murtomaa H" first="Heikki" last="Murtomaa">Heikki Murtomaa</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af1-dent05_p0068">Institute of Dentistry, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Finlande</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute of Dentistry, University of Helsinki, Helsinki</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Vehkalahti, Miira M" sort="Vehkalahti, Miira M" uniqKey="Vehkalahti M" first="Miira M." last="Vehkalahti">Miira M. Vehkalahti</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af1-dent05_p0068">Institute of Dentistry, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Finlande</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute of Dentistry, University of Helsinki, Helsinki</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tala, Heikki" sort="Tala, Heikki" uniqKey="Tala H" first="Heikki" last="Tala">Heikki Tala</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af1-dent05_p0068">Institute of Dentistry, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Finlande</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute of Dentistry, University of Helsinki, Helsinki</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno><idno type="pmid">21311609</idno><idno type="pmc">3037191</idno><idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3037191</idno><idno type="RBID">PMC:3037191</idno><date when="2011">2011</date><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Corpus">002C43</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PMC">002C43</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Curation">002C43</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Curation">002C43</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">Does Dental Insurance Make a Difference in Type of Service Received by Iranian Dentate Adults?</title><author><name sortKey="Bayat, Fariborz" sort="Bayat, Fariborz" uniqKey="Bayat F" first="Fariborz" last="Bayat">Fariborz Bayat</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af1-dent05_p0068">Institute of Dentistry, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Finlande</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute of Dentistry, University of Helsinki, Helsinki</wicri:regionArea></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af2-dent05_p0068">Shaheed Beheshti Medical University, Tehran, Iran</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Iran</country><wicri:regionArea>Shaheed Beheshti Medical University, Tehran</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Murtomaa, Heikki" sort="Murtomaa, Heikki" uniqKey="Murtomaa H" first="Heikki" last="Murtomaa">Heikki Murtomaa</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af1-dent05_p0068">Institute of Dentistry, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Finlande</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute of Dentistry, University of Helsinki, Helsinki</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Vehkalahti, Miira M" sort="Vehkalahti, Miira M" uniqKey="Vehkalahti M" first="Miira M." last="Vehkalahti">Miira M. Vehkalahti</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af1-dent05_p0068">Institute of Dentistry, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Finlande</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute of Dentistry, University of Helsinki, Helsinki</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tala, Heikki" sort="Tala, Heikki" uniqKey="Tala H" first="Heikki" last="Tala">Heikki Tala</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af1-dent05_p0068">Institute of Dentistry, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Finlande</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute of Dentistry, University of Helsinki, Helsinki</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">European Journal of Dentistry</title><idno type="ISSN">1305-7456</idno><idno type="eISSN">1305-7464</idno><imprint><date when="2011">2011</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Objectives:</title><p>To assess the relationship between insurance status and type of service received among dentate adults in a developing oral health care system.</p></sec><sec><title>Methods:</title><p>A cross-sectional survey based on phone interviews in Tehran, Iran. Four trained interviewers collected data using a structured questionnaire. Of 1,531 subjects answering the phone call, 224 were <18 years; of the remaining 1,307, 221 (17%) refused to participate, and 85 (6%) were excluded as edentate or reporting no dental visit, leaving 1,001 eligible subjects in the sample. The questionnaire covered insurance status, socio-demographics, frequency of tooth brushing, dental attendance as reasons for, and time since last dental visit, and dental service received then. Data analysis included the chi-square test and logistic regression.</p></sec><sec><title>Results:</title><p>Of the subjects, 71% had a dental insurance. Those with no insurance were more likely to report tooth extractions (OR=1.5) than those with an insurance coverage; for all other treatments no differences according to the insurance status appeared. Among the insured subjects, extractions were more likely for those reporting a problem-based dental visit (OR=6.0) or having a low level of education (OR=2.3).</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusions:</title><p>In Iran, with its developing oral health care system, dental insurance had only a minor impact on dental services reported.</p></sec></div></front><back><div1 type="bibliography"><listBibl><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Macek, Md" uniqKey="Macek M">MD Macek</name></author><author><name sortKey="Cohen, La" uniqKey="Cohen L">LA Cohen</name></author><author><name sortKey="Reid, Bc" uniqKey="Reid B">BC Reid</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Bagewitz, Ic" uniqKey="Bagewitz I">IC Bagewitz</name></author><author><name sortKey="Soderfeldt, B" uniqKey="Soderfeldt B">B Soderfeldt</name></author><author><name sortKey="Palmqvist, S" uniqKey="Palmqvist S">S 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<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Eur J Dent</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Eur J Dent</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title>European Journal of Dentistry</journal-title></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1305-7456</issn><issn pub-type="epub">1305-7464</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Dental Investigations Society</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">21311609</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="pmc">3037191</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">dent05_p0068</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Original Articles</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Does Dental Insurance Make a Difference in Type of Service Received by Iranian Dentate Adults?</article-title></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Bayat</surname><given-names>Fariborz</given-names></name><xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c1-dent05_p0068"></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="af1-dent05_p0068">a</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="af2-dent05_p0068">b</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Murtomaa</surname><given-names>Heikki</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="af1-dent05_p0068">a</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Vehkalahti</surname><given-names>Miira M.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="af1-dent05_p0068">a</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Tala</surname><given-names>Heikki</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="af1-dent05_p0068">a</xref></contrib></contrib-group><aff id="af1-dent05_p0068"><label>a</label>Institute of Dentistry, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland</aff><aff id="af2-dent05_p0068"><label>b</label>Shaheed Beheshti Medical University, Tehran, Iran</aff><author-notes><corresp id="c1-dent05_p0068">Corresponding author: Dr. Fariborz Bayat, Dept. of Oral Public Health, Institute of Dentistry, P.O.Box 41 University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland., Phone: +358 9 191 27264, Fax: +358 9 191 27346, E-mail: <email>fariborz.bayat@helsinki.fi</email></corresp></author-notes><pub-date pub-type="ppub"><month>1</month><year>2011</year></pub-date><volume>5</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>68</fpage><lpage>76</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright 2011 European Journal of Dentistry. All rights reserved.</copyright-statement></permissions><abstract><sec><title>Objectives:</title><p>To assess the relationship between insurance status and type of service received among dentate adults in a developing oral health care system.</p></sec><sec><title>Methods:</title><p>A cross-sectional survey based on phone interviews in Tehran, Iran. Four trained interviewers collected data using a structured questionnaire. Of 1,531 subjects answering the phone call, 224 were <18 years; of the remaining 1,307, 221 (17%) refused to participate, and 85 (6%) were excluded as edentate or reporting no dental visit, leaving 1,001 eligible subjects in the sample. The questionnaire covered insurance status, socio-demographics, frequency of tooth brushing, dental attendance as reasons for, and time since last dental visit, and dental service received then. Data analysis included the chi-square test and logistic regression.</p></sec><sec><title>Results:</title><p>Of the subjects, 71% had a dental insurance. Those with no insurance were more likely to report tooth extractions (OR=1.5) than those with an insurance coverage; for all other treatments no differences according to the insurance status appeared. Among the insured subjects, extractions were more likely for those reporting a problem-based dental visit (OR=6.0) or having a low level of education (OR=2.3).</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusions:</title><p>In Iran, with its developing oral health care system, dental insurance had only a minor impact on dental services reported.</p></sec></abstract><kwd-group><kwd>Adults’ dental care</kwd><kwd>Dental services</kwd><kwd>Dental insurance</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><floats-group><fig id="f1-dent05_p0068" position="float"><label>Figure 1.</label><caption><p>Percentages of dentate adults (n=1001) according to the type of service they reported as received during their most recent dental visit, seperately for insured (n=710) and non-insured (n=291).</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="DENT-5-71-g1"></graphic></fig><table-wrap id="t1-dent05_p0068" position="float"><label>Table 1.</label><caption><p>Factors related to reporting having dental insurance, as explained by means of a logistic regression model fitted to the data of dentate adults (n=1001) in Tehran, Iran.</p></caption><table frame="hsides" rules="groups"><thead><tr><th align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>Parameters</bold></th><th align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></th><th colspan="7" align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1"><bold>Results from logistic regression</bold></th></tr><tr><th align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></th><th align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></th><th align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>n</bold></th><th align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>(%)<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="tfn3-dent05_p0068">*</xref></bold></th><th align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>ß</bold></th><th align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>SE</bold></th><th align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>P</bold></th><th align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>OR</bold></th><th align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>CI 95 %</bold></th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Gender</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Men</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">420</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">68</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Women</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">581</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">73</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.37</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.15</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.01</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.5</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.1–1.9</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Age</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">18–24</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">265</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">67</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">25–34</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">351</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">70</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.01</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.18</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.95</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.0</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.7–1.5</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">35–44</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">276</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">72</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.20</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.19</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.31</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.2</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.8–1.9</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">45+</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">109</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">81</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.73</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.29</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.01</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2.1</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.2–4.0</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Level of education</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Low</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">175</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">65</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Medium</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">469</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">65</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.03</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.20</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.90</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.0</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.7–1.5</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">High</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">357</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">82</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.93</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.23</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.00</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2.5</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.6–3.9</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Household income</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Low</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">131</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">69</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Medium</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">312</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">76</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.26</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.24</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.27</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.3</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.8–2.1</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">High</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">298</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">77</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.11</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.25</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.66</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.1</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.7–1.8</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">No answer</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">260</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">58</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−0.60</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.22</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.01</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.5</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.4–0.9</td></tr></tbody></table><table-wrap-foot><fn id="tfn1-dent05_p0068"><p>Goodness-of-fit by Hosmer and Lemeshow test=0.33.</p></fn><fn id="tfn2-dent05_p0068"><p>Pseudo-R squared by Nagelkerke R Square=0.10.</p></fn><fn id="tfn3-dent05_p0068"><label>*:</label><p>Percentages of having insurance.</p></fn></table-wrap-foot></table-wrap><table-wrap id="t2-dent05_p0068" position="float"><label>Table 2.</label><caption><p>Distributions (%) of insured dentate adults (n=710) in Tehran, Iran, by the type of dental treatment they reported as received at their most recent dental visit.</p></caption><table frame="hsides" rules="groups"><thead><tr><th align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></th><th colspan="15" align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1"><bold>Insured</bold></th></tr><tr><th colspan="16" align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1"><hr></hr></th></tr><tr><th align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></th><th align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></th><th colspan="3" align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1"><bold>Level of education</bold></th><th colspan="4" align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1"><bold>Household income</bold></th><th colspan="2" align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1"><bold>Time since last visit</bold></th><th colspan="2" align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1"><bold>Reason for visit</bold></th><th colspan="3" align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1"><bold>Frequency of brushing</bold></th></tr><tr><th colspan="16" align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1"><hr></hr></th></tr><tr><th align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></th><th align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></th><th align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>Low</bold></th><th align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>Medium</bold></th><th align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>High</bold></th><th align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>Low</bold></th><th align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>Medium</bold></th><th align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>High</bold></th><th align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>No answer</bold></th><th align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>Last 12 months</bold></th><th align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>> last 12 months</bold></th><th align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>Problem</bold></th><th align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>Check-up</bold></th><th align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>Twice daily</bold></th><th align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>Once daily</bold></th><th align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>Less than daily</bold></th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">710</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">113</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">303</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">294</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">91</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">237</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">230</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">152</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">408</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">302</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">587</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">123</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">306</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">366</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">38</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Type of service</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">n</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">%</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">%</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">%</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">%</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">%</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">%</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">%</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">%</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">%</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">%</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">%</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">%</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">%</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">%</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Diagnostic</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">89</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">9</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">11</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">16</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">14</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">11</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">13</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">15</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">15</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">10</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">7</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">41</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">17</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">9</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">13</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Preventive</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">59</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">9</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">10</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">8</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">11</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">6</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">15</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">8</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">8</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">24</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">9</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">8</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Extraction</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">89</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">24</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">10</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">10</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">18</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">12</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">14</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">9</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">11</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">15</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">15</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">11</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">14</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">21</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Restorative</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">352</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">42</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">52</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">49</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">46</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">56</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">50</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">41</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">48</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">51</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">54</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">28</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">47</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">51</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">48</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">High technique</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">121</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">16</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">17</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">17</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">11</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">16</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">17</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">20</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">18</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">16</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">19</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">16</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">18</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">13</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">P value</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td colspan="3" align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1">.01</td><td colspan="4" align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1">.02</td><td colspan="2" align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1">.27</td><td colspan="2" align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1"><bold><</bold>.001</td><td colspan="3" align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1">.05</td></tr></tbody></table></table-wrap><table-wrap id="t3-dent05_p0068" position="float"><label>Table 3.</label><caption><p>Distributions (%) of non-insured dentate adults (n=291) in Tehran, Iran, by the type of dental treatment they reported as received at their most recent dental visit.</p></caption><table frame="hsides" rules="groups"><thead><tr><th align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></th><th colspan="15" align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1"><bold>Non-insured</bold></th></tr><tr><th colspan="16" align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1"><hr></hr></th></tr><tr><th align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></th><th align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></th><th colspan="3" align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1"><bold>Level of education</bold></th><th colspan="4" align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1"><bold>Household income</bold></th><th colspan="2" align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1"><bold>Time since last visit</bold></th><th colspan="2" align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1"><bold>Reason for visit</bold></th><th colspan="3" align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1"><bold>Frequency of brushing</bold></th></tr><tr><th colspan="16" align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1"><hr></hr></th></tr><tr><th align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></th><th align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></th><th align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>Low</bold></th><th align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>Medium</bold></th><th align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>High</bold></th><th align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>Low</bold></th><th align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>Medium</bold></th><th align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>High</bold></th><th align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>No answer</bold></th><th align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>Last 12 months</bold></th><th align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>> last 12 months</bold></th><th align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>Problem</bold></th><th align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>Check-up</bold></th><th align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>Twice daily</bold></th><th align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>Once daily</bold></th><th align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>Less than daily</bold></th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">291</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">62</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">166</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">63</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">40</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">75</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">68</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">108</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">150</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">141</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">253</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">38</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">129</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">136</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">26</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Type of service</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">n</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">%</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">%</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">%</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">%</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">%</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">%</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">%</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">%</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">%</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">%</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">%</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">%</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">%</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">%</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Diagnostic</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">33</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">19</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">11</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">8</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">10</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">12</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">10</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">14</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">15</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">9</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">6</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">47</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">16</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">10</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">8</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Preventive</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">21</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">8</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">10</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">7</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">12</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">8</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">9</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">6</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">24</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">7</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">9</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Extraction</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">57</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">39</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">16</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">11</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">53</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">13</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">7</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">19</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">14</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">26</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">23</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">12</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">26</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">19</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Restorative</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">133</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">29</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">48</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">54</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">22</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">57</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">56</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">39</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">45</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">45</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">48</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">26</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">43</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">46</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">54</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">High technique</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">47</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">10</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">17</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">17</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">15</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">11</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">15</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">20</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">17</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">14</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">18</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">22</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">9</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">19</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">P value</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td colspan="3" align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1">.001</td><td colspan="4" align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1"><.001</td><td colspan="2" align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1">.08</td><td colspan="2" align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1"><.001</td><td colspan="3" align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1">.01</td></tr></tbody></table></table-wrap><table-wrap id="t4-dent05_p0068" position="float"><label>Table 4.</label><caption><p>Factors related to types of dental treatment received, as explained by means of logistic regression models fitted to the data on dentate adults (n=1,001) in Tehran, Iran, separately for each type of treatment.</p></caption><table frame="hsides" rules="groups"><thead><tr><th align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></th><th align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>Diagnostic</bold></th><th align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>Preventive</bold></th><th align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>Restorative</bold></th><th align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>Extraction</bold></th><th align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>High technique</bold></th></tr><tr><th colspan="6" align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1"><hr></hr></th></tr><tr><th align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>Parameters</bold></th><th align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>OR (95% CI)</bold></th><th align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>OR (95% CI)</bold></th><th align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>OR (95% CI)</bold></th><th align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>OR (95% CI)</bold></th><th align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>OR (95% CI)</bold></th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Level of education</td><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Low</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.6 (0.8–3.0)</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.3 (0.6–3.0)</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Ref</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2.4 (1.5–4.0)<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="tfn6-dent05_p0068">**</xref></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Ref</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Medium</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.9 (0.5–1.4)</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.2 (0.7–2.0)</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.8 (1.3–2.7)<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="tfn6-dent05_p0068">**</xref></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.0 (0.7–1.6)</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.2 (0.8–2.0)</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> High</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Ref</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Ref</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.7 (1.2–2.7)<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="tfn6-dent05_p0068">**</xref></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Ref</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.4 (0.8–2.3)</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Insurance status</td><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Non–insured</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.0 (0.6–1.6)</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Ref</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.2 (0.9–1.6)</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.6 (1.0–2.3)<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="tfn5-dent05_p0068">*</xref></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.0 (0.7–1.5)</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Insured</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Ref</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.1 (0.6–1.9)</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Ref</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Ref</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Ref</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Time since of last dental visit</td><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Within last 12 months</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.1 (0.7–1.7)</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Ref</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.0 (0.8–1.3)</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Ref</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.3 (0.9–1.8)</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> More than one year ago</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Ref</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.0 (0.6–1.6)</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Ref</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.5 (1.0–2.0) <xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="tfn5-dent05_p0068">*</xref></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Ref</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Reason for last visit</td><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Check–up</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">10.0 (6.3–15.0)<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="tfn6-dent05_p0068">**</xref></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5.0 (3.6–10.0)<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="tfn6-dent05_p0068">**</xref></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Ref</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Ref</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Ref</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Problem</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Ref</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Ref</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3.0 (2.1–4.5)<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="tfn6-dent05_p0068">**</xref></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">6.0 (2.3–18.0)<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="tfn6-dent05_p0068">**</xref></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">4.3 (2.1–8.6)<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="tfn6-dent05_p0068">**</xref></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Frequency of tooth brushing</td><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> From never to >Once a day</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.6 (1.0–1.9)<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="tfn5-dent05_p0068">*</xref></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.0 (0.8–1.3)</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> From >Once a day to never</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.0 (0.7–1.4)</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.9 (0.8–1.0)</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.0 (0.8–1.2)</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Goodness of fit<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="tfn4-dent05_p0068">1</xref></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.81</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.31</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.75</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.99</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.88</td></tr></tbody></table><table-wrap-foot><fn id="tfn4-dent05_p0068"><label>1:</label><p>Goodness-of-fit by Hosmer and Lemeshow test.</p></fn><fn id="tfn5-dent05_p0068"><label>*:</label><p>P<.05,</p></fn><fn id="tfn6-dent05_p0068"><label>**:</label><p>P<.001</p></fn></table-wrap-foot></table-wrap><table-wrap id="t5-dent05_p0068" position="float"><label>Table 5.</label><caption><p>Factors related to the types of dental treatment received, as explained by means of logistic regression models fitted to the data on insured dentate adults (n=710) in Tehran, Iran, separately for each type of treatment.</p></caption><table frame="hsides" rules="groups"><thead><tr><th align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></th><th align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>Diagnostic</bold></th><th align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>Preventive</bold></th><th align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>Restorative</bold></th><th align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>Extraction</bold></th><th align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>High technique</bold></th></tr><tr><th colspan="6" align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1"><hr></hr></th></tr><tr><th align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>Parameters</bold></th><th align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>OR (95 % CI)</bold></th><th align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>OR (95 % CI)</bold></th><th align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>OR (95 % CI)</bold></th><th align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>OR (95 % CI)</bold></th><th align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>OR (95 % CI)</bold></th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Level of education</td><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Low</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.8 (0.4–1.8)</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.9 (0.8–4.6)</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Ref</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2.5 (1.2–4.0)<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="tfn9-dent05_p0068">**</xref></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Ref</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Medium</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.7 (0.5–1.3)</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.2 (0.7–2.4)</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.6 (1.0–2.5)<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="tfn8-dent05_p0068">*</xref></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.0 (0.6–1.8)</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.1 (0.6–1.9)</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> High</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Ref</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Ref</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.4 (0.9–2.3)</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Ref</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.2 (0.7–2.2)</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Reason for last dental visit</td><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Check–up</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">8.0 (5.4–14.6)<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="tfn9-dent05_p0068">**</xref></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5.6 (3.5–11.2)<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="tfn9-dent05_p0068">**</xref></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Ref</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Ref</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Ref</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Problem</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Ref</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Ref</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3.0 (2.0–4.8)<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="tfn9-dent05_p0068">**</xref></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">6.0 (1.6–12.3)<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="tfn9-dent05_p0068">**</xref></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">4.1 (1.8–9.0)<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="tfn9-dent05_p0068">**</xref></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Goodness of fit<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="tfn7-dent05_p0068">1</xref></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.74</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.86</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.83</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.87</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.96</td></tr></tbody></table><table-wrap-foot><fn id="tfn7-dent05_p0068"><label>1:</label><p>Goodness-of-fit by Hosmer and Lemeshow test.</p></fn><fn id="tfn8-dent05_p0068"><label>*:</label><p>P<.05,</p></fn><fn id="tfn9-dent05_p0068"><label>**:</label><p>P<.001</p></fn></table-wrap-foot></table-wrap></floats-group></pmc></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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