Characterization of Oral Microbiota in Removable Dental Prosthesis Users: Influence of Arterial Hypertension
Identifieur interne : 002945 ( Pmc/Curation ); précédent : 002944; suivant : 002946Characterization of Oral Microbiota in Removable Dental Prosthesis Users: Influence of Arterial Hypertension
Auteurs : Leila Maria Marchi-Alves [Brésil] ; Dayana Freitas [Brésil] ; Denise De Andrade [Brésil] ; Simone De Godoy [Brésil] ; Adrielle Naiara Toneti [Brésil] ; Isabel Amélia Costa Mendes [Brésil]Source :
- BioMed Research International [ 2314-6133 ] ; 2017.
Abstract
Studies have described the possible relation between oral infections and atherosclerotic events.
To characterize the oral microbiota of normotensive and hypertensive users of dental prostheses.
The sample consisted of 41 complete dental prosthesis users, divided into groups: 21 participants with systemic arterial hypertension and 20 normotensive participants. The data collection included the characteristics of the sociodemographic variables and the determination of the microbial load in the saliva. For the descriptive analyses, Statistical Package for the Social Sciences was used. The description of the proportional differences between the groups was based on the application of Mann–Whitney's statistical test. Statistical significance was set at 5% (
The analysis of the oral microbiota showed the vast growth of aerobic microorganisms in all samples from both groups. The microbial load of streptococci and staphylococci was significantly higher among hypertensive participants.
The mouth of dental prosthesis users, especially when hypertensive, can constitute an important reservoir of pathogens, indicating an established inflammatory or infectious condition or risk for developing this condition.
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DOI: 10.1155/2017/3838640
PubMed: 28713826
PubMed Central: 5497639
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Nursing, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Toneti, Adrielle Naiara" sort="Toneti, Adrielle Naiara" uniqKey="Toneti A" first="Adrielle Naiara" last="Toneti">Adrielle Naiara Toneti</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I1">Ribeirão Preto College of Nursing, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Brésil</country><wicri:regionArea>Ribeirão Preto College of Nursing, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mendes, Isabel Amelia Costa" sort="Mendes, Isabel Amelia Costa" uniqKey="Mendes I" first="Isabel Amélia Costa" last="Mendes">Isabel Amélia Costa Mendes</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I1">Ribeirão Preto College of Nursing, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Brésil</country><wicri:regionArea>Ribeirão Preto College of Nursing, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno><idno type="pmid">28713826</idno><idno type="pmc">5497639</idno><idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5497639</idno><idno type="RBID">PMC:5497639</idno><idno type="doi">10.1155/2017/3838640</idno><date when="2017">2017</date><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Corpus">002945</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PMC">002945</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Curation">002945</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Curation">002945</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">Characterization of Oral Microbiota in Removable Dental Prosthesis Users: Influence of Arterial Hypertension</title><author><name sortKey="Marchi Alves, Leila Maria" sort="Marchi Alves, Leila Maria" uniqKey="Marchi Alves L" first="Leila Maria" last="Marchi-Alves">Leila Maria Marchi-Alves</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I1">Ribeirão Preto College of Nursing, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Brésil</country><wicri:regionArea>Ribeirão Preto College of Nursing, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Freitas, Dayana" sort="Freitas, Dayana" uniqKey="Freitas D" first="Dayana" last="Freitas">Dayana Freitas</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I2">Clinical Hospital, Federal University of Triangulo Mineiro, Uberaba, MG, Brazil</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Brésil</country><wicri:regionArea>Clinical Hospital, Federal University of Triangulo Mineiro, Uberaba, MG</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="De Andrade, Denise" sort="De Andrade, Denise" uniqKey="De Andrade D" first="Denise" last="De Andrade">Denise De Andrade</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I1">Ribeirão Preto College of Nursing, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Brésil</country><wicri:regionArea>Ribeirão Preto College of Nursing, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="De Godoy, Simone" sort="De Godoy, Simone" uniqKey="De Godoy S" first="Simone" last="De Godoy">Simone De Godoy</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I1">Ribeirão Preto College of Nursing, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Brésil</country><wicri:regionArea>Ribeirão Preto College of Nursing, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Toneti, Adrielle Naiara" sort="Toneti, Adrielle Naiara" uniqKey="Toneti A" first="Adrielle Naiara" last="Toneti">Adrielle Naiara Toneti</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I1">Ribeirão Preto College of Nursing, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Brésil</country><wicri:regionArea>Ribeirão Preto College of Nursing, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mendes, Isabel Amelia Costa" sort="Mendes, Isabel Amelia Costa" uniqKey="Mendes I" first="Isabel Amélia Costa" last="Mendes">Isabel Amélia Costa Mendes</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I1">Ribeirão Preto College of Nursing, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Brésil</country><wicri:regionArea>Ribeirão Preto College of Nursing, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">BioMed Research International</title><idno type="ISSN">2314-6133</idno><idno type="eISSN">2314-6141</idno><imprint><date when="2017">2017</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p> Studies have described the possible relation between oral infections and atherosclerotic events.</p></sec><sec><title> Objective</title><p> To characterize the oral microbiota of normotensive and hypertensive users of dental prostheses.</p></sec><sec><title> Methods</title><p> The sample consisted of 41 complete dental prosthesis users, divided into groups: 21 participants with systemic arterial hypertension and 20 normotensive participants. The data collection included the characteristics of the sociodemographic variables and the determination of the microbial load in the saliva. For the descriptive analyses, Statistical Package for the Social Sciences was used. The description of the proportional differences between the groups was based on the application of Mann–Whitney's statistical test. Statistical significance was set at 5% (<italic>p</italic> < 0.05).</p></sec><sec><title> Results</title><p> The analysis of the oral microbiota showed the vast growth of aerobic microorganisms in all samples from both groups. The microbial load of streptococci and staphylococci was significantly higher among hypertensive participants.<italic> Candida</italic> yeasts were detected in the saliva culture of most samples. The hypertensive participants rank in the category of very high colonization index/high risk of infection related to this microorganism.</p></sec><sec><title> Conclusions</title><p> The mouth of dental prosthesis users, especially when hypertensive, can constitute an important reservoir of pathogens, indicating an established inflammatory or infectious condition or risk for developing this condition.</p></sec></div></front><back><div1 type="bibliography"><listBibl><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Kholy, K E" uniqKey="Kholy K">K. E. Kholy</name></author><author><name sortKey="Genco, R J" uniqKey="Genco R">R. J. Genco</name></author><author><name sortKey="Van Dyke, T E" uniqKey="Van Dyke T">T. E. Van Dyke</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Desvarieux, M" uniqKey="Desvarieux M">M. Desvarieux</name></author><author><name sortKey="Demmer, R T" uniqKey="Demmer R">R. T. 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<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Biomed Res Int</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">Biomed Res Int</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">BMRI</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title>BioMed Research International</journal-title></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2314-6133</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2314-6141</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Hindawi</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">28713826</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="pmc">5497639</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1155/2017/3838640</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Characterization of Oral Microbiota in Removable Dental Prosthesis Users: Influence of Arterial Hypertension</article-title></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid" authenticated="false">http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9374-8074</contrib-id><name><surname>Marchi-Alves</surname><given-names>Leila Maria</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="I1"><sup>1</sup></xref><xref ref-type="corresp" rid="cor1"><sup>*</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Freitas</surname><given-names>Dayana</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="I2"><sup>2</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>de Andrade</surname><given-names>Denise</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="I1"><sup>1</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>de Godoy</surname><given-names>Simone</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="I1"><sup>1</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Toneti</surname><given-names>Adrielle Naiara</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="I1"><sup>1</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Mendes</surname><given-names>Isabel Amélia Costa</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="I1"><sup>1</sup></xref></contrib></contrib-group><aff id="I1"><sup>1</sup>Ribeirão Preto College of Nursing, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil</aff><aff id="I2"><sup>2</sup>Clinical Hospital, Federal University of Triangulo Mineiro, Uberaba, MG, Brazil</aff><author-notes><corresp id="cor1">*Leila Maria Marchi-Alves: <email>lmarchi@eerp.usp.br</email></corresp><fn fn-type="other"><p>Academic Editor: Frederick D. Quinn</p></fn></author-notes><pub-date pub-type="ppub"><year>2017</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>21</day><month>6</month><year>2017</year></pub-date><volume>2017</volume><elocation-id>3838640</elocation-id><history><date date-type="received"><day>17</day><month>4</month><year>2017</year></date><date date-type="accepted"><day>28</day><month>5</month><year>2017</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright © 2017 Leila Maria Marchi-Alves et al.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2017</copyright-year><license xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"><license-p>This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.</license-p></license></permissions><abstract><sec><title>Introduction</title><p> Studies have described the possible relation between oral infections and atherosclerotic events.</p></sec><sec><title> Objective</title><p> To characterize the oral microbiota of normotensive and hypertensive users of dental prostheses.</p></sec><sec><title> Methods</title><p> The sample consisted of 41 complete dental prosthesis users, divided into groups: 21 participants with systemic arterial hypertension and 20 normotensive participants. The data collection included the characteristics of the sociodemographic variables and the determination of the microbial load in the saliva. For the descriptive analyses, Statistical Package for the Social Sciences was used. The description of the proportional differences between the groups was based on the application of Mann–Whitney's statistical test. Statistical significance was set at 5% (<italic>p</italic> < 0.05).</p></sec><sec><title> Results</title><p> The analysis of the oral microbiota showed the vast growth of aerobic microorganisms in all samples from both groups. The microbial load of streptococci and staphylococci was significantly higher among hypertensive participants.<italic> Candida</italic> yeasts were detected in the saliva culture of most samples. The hypertensive participants rank in the category of very high colonization index/high risk of infection related to this microorganism.</p></sec><sec><title> Conclusions</title><p> The mouth of dental prosthesis users, especially when hypertensive, can constitute an important reservoir of pathogens, indicating an established inflammatory or infectious condition or risk for developing this condition.</p></sec></abstract></article-meta></front><floats-group><table-wrap id="tab1" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Table 1</label><caption><p>Numerical and percentage distribution of normotensive (NT) and hypertensive (HT) participants according to sociodemographic variables. Brazil, 2015.</p></caption><table frame="hsides" rules="groups"><thead><tr><th rowspan="2" align="left" colspan="1">Variables</th><th colspan="2" align="center" rowspan="1"> NT (<italic>n</italic> = 20)</th><th colspan="2" align="center" rowspan="1"> HT (<italic>n</italic> = 21)</th><th colspan="2" align="center" rowspan="1"> Total (41)</th></tr><tr><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>n</italic></th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">%</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>n</italic></th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">%</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>n</italic></th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">%</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Gender</italic></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Female</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">18</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">90</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">18</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">85.7</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">36</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">87.8</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Male</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">02</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">10</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">03</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">14.3</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">05</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">12.2</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Age range (in years)</italic></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> 45–55</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">05</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">25</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">01</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">4.8</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">06</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">14.6</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> 55–65</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">08</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">40</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">06</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">28.6</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">14</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">34.2</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> 65–75</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">07</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">35</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">12</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">57.1</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">19</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">46.3</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> 75–</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">—</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">—</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">02</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">9.5</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">02</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">4.9</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Marital family situation</italic></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> With partner and children</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">07</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">35</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">08</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">38.1</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">15</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">36.6</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> With relatives without partner</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">07</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">35</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">07</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">33.3</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">14</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">34.1</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> With partner without children</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">02</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">10</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">05</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">23.8</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">07</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">17.1</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Living alone</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">04</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">20</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">01</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">4.8</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">05</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">12.2</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Skin color</italic></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> White</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">15</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">75</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">17</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">81</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">32</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">78</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Non-White</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">05</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">25</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">04</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">19</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">09</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">22</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Education (in years of study)</italic></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> 0 (no education)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">05</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">25</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">06</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">28.6</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">11</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">26.8</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> 1–5</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">13</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">65</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">10</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">47.6</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">23</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">56.1</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> 5–10</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">02</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">10</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">05</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">23.8</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">07</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">17.1</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Profession/occupation</italic></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Housewife</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">09</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">45</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">13</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">61.9</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">22</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">53.7</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Retired</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">06</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">30</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">07</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">33.3</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">13</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">31.7</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Others</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">05</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">25</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">01</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">4.8</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">06</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">14.6</td></tr></tbody></table></table-wrap><table-wrap id="tab2" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Table 2</label><caption><p>Growth of anaerobic microorganisms, streptococci, staphylococci, and <italic>Candida </italic>spp. in saliva samples of normotensive and hypertensive users of removable complete dental prostheses. Brazil, 2015.</p></caption><table frame="hsides" rules="groups"><thead><tr><th align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Groups</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Microorganisms</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Growth microorganisms</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>n</italic></th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">%</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td rowspan="8" align="left" colspan="1">Normotensive</td><td rowspan="2" align="center" colspan="1">Anaerobic</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Positive</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">—</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">—</td></tr><tr><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Negative</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">20</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">100</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="2" align="center" colspan="1">Streptococci</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Positive</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">20</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">100</td></tr><tr><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Negative</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">—</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">—</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="2" align="center" colspan="1">Staphylococci</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Positive</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">20</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">100</td></tr><tr><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Negative</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">—</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">—</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="2" align="center" colspan="1"><italic>Candida</italic></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Positive</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">12</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">60</td></tr><tr><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Negative</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">08</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">40</td></tr><tr><td colspan="5" rowspan="1"><hr></hr></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="8" align="left" colspan="1">Hypertensive</td><td rowspan="2" align="center" colspan="1">Anaerobic</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Positive</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">—</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">—</td></tr><tr><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Negative</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">21</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">100</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="2" align="center" colspan="1">Streptococci</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Positive</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">21</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">100</td></tr><tr><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Negative</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">—</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">—</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="2" align="center" colspan="1">Staphylococci</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Positive</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">21</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">100</td></tr><tr><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Negative</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">—</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">—</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="2" align="center" colspan="1"><italic>Candida</italic></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Positive</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">15</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">71.4</td></tr><tr><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Negative</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">06</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">28.6</td></tr></tbody></table></table-wrap><table-wrap id="tab3" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Table 3</label><caption><p>Minimum, maximum, and median values of Colony Forming Units (CFU) of microorganisms in different saliva culture media of normotensive and hypertensive users of removable complete dental prostheses. Brazil, 2015.</p></caption><table frame="hsides" rules="groups"><thead><tr><th align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Group</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Culture medium</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Minimum<break></break>(CFU/ml)</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Maximum<break></break>(CFU/ml)</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Median<break></break>(CFU/ml)</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>p</italic><sup><italic>∗</italic></sup></th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td rowspan="4" align="left" colspan="1">Normotensive<break></break>(<italic>n</italic> = 20)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">BA</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">8</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">8.16<italic>E</italic> + 7</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3.27<italic>E</italic> + 6</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td></tr><tr><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">MS</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">28</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5.92<italic>E</italic> + 7</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">970</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td></tr><tr><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">MN</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><0.001</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.92</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.005</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td></tr><tr><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">CR</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><0.001</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">9.4<italic>E</italic> + 5</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2.00</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="6" rowspan="1"><hr></hr></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="4" align="left" colspan="1">Hypertensive<break></break>(<italic>n</italic> = 21)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">BA</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">60</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.98<italic>E</italic> + 8</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2.84<italic>E</italic> + 7</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.134</td></tr><tr><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">MS</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">460</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.08<italic>E</italic> + 10</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.16<italic>E</italic> + 7</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.009</td></tr><tr><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">MN</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><0.001</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.60<italic>E</italic> + 8</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.040</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.025</td></tr><tr><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">CR</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><0.001</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.64<italic>E</italic> + 6</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">800</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.236</td></tr></tbody></table><table-wrap-foot><fn><p><sup><italic>∗</italic></sup>Mann–Whitney test. 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