Comparison of Bone Resorption Rates after Intraoral Block Bone and Guided Bone Regeneration Augmentation for the Reconstruction of Horizontally Deficient Maxillary Alveolar Ridges
Identifieur interne : 002924 ( Pmc/Curation ); précédent : 002923; suivant : 002925Comparison of Bone Resorption Rates after Intraoral Block Bone and Guided Bone Regeneration Augmentation for the Reconstruction of Horizontally Deficient Maxillary Alveolar Ridges
Auteurs : B. Alper Gultekin [Turquie] ; Elcin Bedeloglu [Turquie] ; T. Emre Kose [Turquie] ; Eitan Mijiritsky [Israël]Source :
- BioMed Research International [ 2314-6133 ] ; 2016.
Abstract
Url:
DOI: 10.1155/2016/4987437
PubMed: 27847815
PubMed Central: 5101362
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<author><name sortKey="Gultekin, B Alper" sort="Gultekin, B Alper" uniqKey="Gultekin B" first="B. Alper" last="Gultekin">B. Alper Gultekin</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I1">Department of Oral Implantology, Faculty of Dentistry, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey</nlm:aff>
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<wicri:regionArea>Department of Oral Implantology, Faculty of Dentistry, Istanbul University, Istanbul</wicri:regionArea>
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<author><name sortKey="Bedeloglu, Elcin" sort="Bedeloglu, Elcin" uniqKey="Bedeloglu E" first="Elcin" last="Bedeloglu">Elcin Bedeloglu</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I2">Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Aydın University, Istanbul, Turkey</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Turquie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Aydın University, Istanbul</wicri:regionArea>
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<author><name sortKey="Kose, T Emre" sort="Kose, T Emre" uniqKey="Kose T" first="T. Emre" last="Kose">T. Emre Kose</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I3">Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Turquie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Istanbul University, Istanbul</wicri:regionArea>
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<author><name sortKey="Mijiritsky, Eitan" sort="Mijiritsky, Eitan" uniqKey="Mijiritsky E" first="Eitan" last="Mijiritsky">Eitan Mijiritsky</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I4">Department of Oral Rehabilitation, The Maurice and Gabriela Goldschleger School of Dental Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv-Yafo, Israel</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Israël</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Oral Rehabilitation, The Maurice and Gabriela Goldschleger School of Dental Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv-Yafo</wicri:regionArea>
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<sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">Comparison of Bone Resorption Rates after Intraoral Block Bone and Guided Bone Regeneration Augmentation for the Reconstruction of Horizontally Deficient Maxillary Alveolar Ridges</title>
<author><name sortKey="Gultekin, B Alper" sort="Gultekin, B Alper" uniqKey="Gultekin B" first="B. Alper" last="Gultekin">B. Alper Gultekin</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I1">Department of Oral Implantology, Faculty of Dentistry, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Turquie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Oral Implantology, Faculty of Dentistry, Istanbul University, Istanbul</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Bedeloglu, Elcin" sort="Bedeloglu, Elcin" uniqKey="Bedeloglu E" first="Elcin" last="Bedeloglu">Elcin Bedeloglu</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I2">Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Aydın University, Istanbul, Turkey</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Turquie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Aydın University, Istanbul</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Kose, T Emre" sort="Kose, T Emre" uniqKey="Kose T" first="T. Emre" last="Kose">T. Emre Kose</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I3">Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Turquie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Istanbul University, Istanbul</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Mijiritsky, Eitan" sort="Mijiritsky, Eitan" uniqKey="Mijiritsky E" first="Eitan" last="Mijiritsky">Eitan Mijiritsky</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I4">Department of Oral Rehabilitation, The Maurice and Gabriela Goldschleger School of Dental Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv-Yafo, Israel</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Israël</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Oral Rehabilitation, The Maurice and Gabriela Goldschleger School of Dental Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv-Yafo</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
</analytic>
<series><title level="j">BioMed Research International</title>
<idno type="ISSN">2314-6133</idno>
<idno type="eISSN">2314-6141</idno>
<imprint><date when="2016">2016</date>
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<front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p><italic>Purpose</italic>
. Bone atrophy after tooth loss may leave insufficient bone for implant placement. We compared volumetric changes after autogenous ramus block bone grafting (RBG) or guided bone regeneration (GBR) in horizontally deficient maxilla before implant placement.<italic> Materials and Methods</italic>
. In this retrospective study, volumetric changes at RBG or GBR graft sites were evaluated using cone-beam computed tomography. The primary outcome variable was the volumetric resorption rate. Secondary outcomes were bone gain, graft success, and implant insertion torque.<italic> Results</italic>
. Twenty-four patients (28 grafted sites) were included (GBR, 15; RBG, 13). One patient (RBG) suffered mucosal dehiscence at the recipient site 6 weeks after surgery, which healed spontaneously. Mean volume reduction in the GBR and RBG groups was 12.48 ± 2.67% and 7.20 ± 1.40%, respectively. GBR resulted in significantly more bone resorption than RBG (<italic>P</italic>
< 0.001). Mean horizontal bone gain and width after healing were significantly greater in the GBR than in the RBG group (<italic>P</italic>
= 0.002 and 0.005, resp.). Implant torque was similar between groups (<italic>P</italic>
> 0.05).<italic> Conclusions</italic>
. Both RBG and GBR hard-tissue augmentation techniques provide adequate bone graft volume and stability for implant insertion. However, GBR causes greater resorption at maxillary augmented sites than RBG, which clinicians should consider during treatment planning.</p>
</div>
</front>
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<pmc article-type="research-article"><pmc-dir>properties open_access</pmc-dir>
<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Biomed Res Int</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">Biomed Res Int</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">BMRI</journal-id>
<journal-title-group><journal-title>BioMed Research International</journal-title>
</journal-title-group>
<issn pub-type="ppub">2314-6133</issn>
<issn pub-type="epub">2314-6141</issn>
<publisher><publisher-name>Hindawi Publishing Corporation</publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">27847815</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="pmc">5101362</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1155/2016/4987437</article-id>
<article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Clinical Study</subject>
</subj-group>
</article-categories>
<title-group><article-title>Comparison of Bone Resorption Rates after Intraoral Block Bone and Guided Bone Regeneration Augmentation for the Reconstruction of Horizontally Deficient Maxillary Alveolar Ridges</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid" authenticated="false">http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7139-3572</contrib-id>
<name><surname>Gultekin</surname>
<given-names>B. Alper</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="I1"><sup>1</sup>
</xref>
<xref ref-type="corresp" rid="cor1"><sup>*</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Bedeloglu</surname>
<given-names>Elcin</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="I2"><sup>2</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Kose</surname>
<given-names>T. Emre</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="I3"><sup>3</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid" authenticated="false">http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1661-7529</contrib-id>
<name><surname>Mijiritsky</surname>
<given-names>Eitan</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="I4"><sup>4</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="I1"><sup>1</sup>
Department of Oral Implantology, Faculty of Dentistry, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey</aff>
<aff id="I2"><sup>2</sup>
Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Aydın University, Istanbul, Turkey</aff>
<aff id="I3"><sup>3</sup>
Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey</aff>
<aff id="I4"><sup>4</sup>
Department of Oral Rehabilitation, The Maurice and Gabriela Goldschleger School of Dental Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv-Yafo, Israel</aff>
<author-notes><corresp id="cor1">*B. Alper Gultekin: <email>alpergultekin@hotmail.com</email>
</corresp>
<fn fn-type="other"><p>Academic Editor: Gasparini Giulio</p>
</fn>
</author-notes>
<pub-date pub-type="ppub"><year>2016</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>26</day>
<month>10</month>
<year>2016</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>2016</volume>
<elocation-id>4987437</elocation-id>
<history><date date-type="received"><day>10</day>
<month>9</month>
<year>2016</year>
</date>
<date date-type="accepted"><day>10</day>
<month>10</month>
<year>2016</year>
</date>
</history>
<permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright © 2016 B. Alper Gultekin et al.</copyright-statement>
<copyright-year>2016</copyright-year>
<license xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"><license-p>This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.</license-p>
</license>
</permissions>
<abstract><p><italic>Purpose</italic>
. Bone atrophy after tooth loss may leave insufficient bone for implant placement. We compared volumetric changes after autogenous ramus block bone grafting (RBG) or guided bone regeneration (GBR) in horizontally deficient maxilla before implant placement.<italic> Materials and Methods</italic>
. In this retrospective study, volumetric changes at RBG or GBR graft sites were evaluated using cone-beam computed tomography. The primary outcome variable was the volumetric resorption rate. Secondary outcomes were bone gain, graft success, and implant insertion torque.<italic> Results</italic>
. Twenty-four patients (28 grafted sites) were included (GBR, 15; RBG, 13). One patient (RBG) suffered mucosal dehiscence at the recipient site 6 weeks after surgery, which healed spontaneously. Mean volume reduction in the GBR and RBG groups was 12.48 ± 2.67% and 7.20 ± 1.40%, respectively. GBR resulted in significantly more bone resorption than RBG (<italic>P</italic>
< 0.001). Mean horizontal bone gain and width after healing were significantly greater in the GBR than in the RBG group (<italic>P</italic>
= 0.002 and 0.005, resp.). Implant torque was similar between groups (<italic>P</italic>
> 0.05).<italic> Conclusions</italic>
. Both RBG and GBR hard-tissue augmentation techniques provide adequate bone graft volume and stability for implant insertion. However, GBR causes greater resorption at maxillary augmented sites than RBG, which clinicians should consider during treatment planning.</p>
</abstract>
</article-meta>
</front>
<floats-group><fig id="fig1" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Figure 1</label>
<caption><p>Resorbable collagen membrane and composite graft (autogenous particle bone and deproteinized bovine bone) were applied for horizontal augmentation (a–c); implants were placed after healing (d).</p>
</caption>
<graphic xlink:href="BMRI2016-4987437.001"></graphic>
</fig>
<fig id="fig2" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Figure 2</label>
<caption><p>The block bone graft was fixed to the residual ridge with screws and a particulate deproteinized bovine bone graft was used to fill the voids around the block bone and the recipient site (a, b); a resorbable collagen membrane was used to cover the grafted site (c); grafted site after 4 months of healing (d).</p>
</caption>
<graphic xlink:href="BMRI2016-4987437.002"></graphic>
</fig>
<fig id="fig3" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Figure 3</label>
<caption><p>Digital reconstruction was performed by selecting the grafted site, and volumetric changes were analyzed.</p>
</caption>
<graphic xlink:href="BMRI2016-4987437.003"></graphic>
</fig>
<table-wrap id="tab1" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Table 1</label>
<caption><p>Descriptive summary of the study sample.</p>
</caption>
<table frame="hsides" rules="groups"><thead><tr><th align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Study variable</th>
<th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Descriptive statistics</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Sample size</italic>
</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Patients, <italic>n</italic>
</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">24</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Sites, <italic>n</italic>
</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">28</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Demographic variables</italic>
</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Gender</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> M/F, <italic>n</italic>
(%)</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">11 (39.3)/17 (60.7)</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Age (years), mean ± sd (min–max)</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">48.82 ± 10.17 (28–67)</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Health status variables</italic>
</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">ASA classification</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> I</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">24 (100%)</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Groups: numbers and sites, <italic>n</italic>
(%)</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> GBR horizontal</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">15 (53.6)</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> RBG horizontal</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">13 (46.4)</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Implant torque, <italic>n</italic>
(%)</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Up</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">15 (53.6)</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Down</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">13 (46.4)</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Edentulism, <italic>n</italic>
(%)</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Total</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">8 (28.5)</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Partial</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">20 (71.5)</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Prosthesis design, <italic>n</italic>
(%)</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Fixed</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">20 (71.4)</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Removable</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">8 (28.6)</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table-wrap-foot><fn><p>ASA, American Society of Anesthesiology; GBR, guided bone regeneration; RBG, ramus block bone graft.</p>
</fn>
</table-wrap-foot>
</table-wrap>
<table-wrap id="tab2" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Table 2</label>
<caption><p>Study variables versus predictor variable (augmentation technique).</p>
</caption>
<table frame="hsides" rules="groups"><thead><tr><th rowspan="2" align="left" colspan="1"> </th>
<th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">GBR (<italic>n</italic>
= 15)</th>
<th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">RBG (<italic>n</italic>
= 13)</th>
<th rowspan="2" align="center" colspan="1"><italic>P</italic>
</th>
</tr>
<tr><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Mean ± SD</th>
<th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Mean ± SD</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Patient number</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">13</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">11</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Graft sites</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">15</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">13</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Age, years</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">48.73 ± 10.96</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">48.92 ± 9.61</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><sup>a</sup>
0.962</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Gender, F/M, <italic>n</italic>
</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Male</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5 (33.3)</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">6 (46.2)</td>
<td rowspan="2" align="center" colspan="1"><sup>b</sup>
0.761</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Female</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">10 (66.7)</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">7 (53.8)</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Implant torque, sites</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Up</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">6 (40.0)</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">9 (69.2)</td>
<td rowspan="2" align="center" colspan="1"><sup>b</sup>
0.243</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Down</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">9 (60.0)</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">4 (30.8)</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">W0, mm</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3.51 ± 0.70</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3.42 ± 0.60</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><sup>a</sup>
0.720</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">W1, mm</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">8.93 ± 0.93</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">7.96 ± 0.71</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><sup>a</sup>
0.005<sup><italic>∗∗</italic>
</sup>
</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">W1-W0, mm</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5.42 ± 0.76</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">4.54 ± 0.59</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><sup>a</sup>
0.002<sup><italic>∗∗</italic>
</sup>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table-wrap-foot><fn><p><sup>a</sup>
Independent samples <italic>t</italic>
-test; <sup>b</sup>
Yates' continuity correction; <sup><italic>∗∗</italic>
</sup>
<italic>P</italic>
< 0.01.</p>
</fn>
<fn><p>GBR, guided bone regeneration; RBG, ramus block bone graft; W0, presurgical bone width; W1, bone width after healing; W1-W0, bone gain after healing.</p>
</fn>
</table-wrap-foot>
</table-wrap>
<table-wrap id="tab3" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Table 3</label>
<caption><p>Association between predictor (augmentation technique) and primary outcome (resorption) variable.</p>
</caption>
<table frame="hsides" rules="groups"><thead><tr><th rowspan="2" align="left" colspan="1"> </th>
<th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">GBR (<italic>n</italic>
= 15)</th>
<th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">RBG (<italic>n</italic>
= 13)</th>
<th rowspan="2" align="center" colspan="1"><italic>P</italic>
</th>
</tr>
<tr><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Mean ± SD</th>
<th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Mean ± SD</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">V1, mm<sup>3</sup>
</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5557.50 ± 1060.73</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">4959.11 ± 1152.21</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><sup>a</sup>
0.164</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">V2, mm<sup>3</sup>
</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">4853.61 ± 885.61</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">4594.13 ± 1035.67</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><sup>a</sup>
0.481</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">V1-V2 (%)</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">12.48 ± 2.67</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">7.20 ± 1.40</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><sup>a</sup>
<0.001<sup><italic>∗∗</italic>
</sup>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table-wrap-foot><fn><p>
<sup>a</sup>
Independent samples <italic>t</italic>
-test; <sup><italic>∗∗</italic>
</sup>
<italic>P</italic>
< 0.01.</p>
</fn>
<fn><p>GBR, guided bone regeneration; RBG, ramus block bone graft; V1 and V2, initial postaugmentation and posthealing graft volumes, respectively; V1-V2 (%), resorption rate.</p>
</fn>
</table-wrap-foot>
</table-wrap>
<table-wrap id="tab4" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Table 4</label>
<caption><p>Study variables versus primary outcome (resorption) variable.</p>
</caption>
<table frame="hsides" rules="groups"><thead><tr><th rowspan="2" align="left" colspan="1"> </th>
<th colspan="2" align="center" rowspan="1">V1-V2 (%)</th>
</tr>
<tr><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Mean ± SD</th>
<th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>P</italic>
</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Gender, F/M, <italic>n</italic>
</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Male</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">10.11 ± 3.25</td>
<td rowspan="2" align="center" colspan="1"><sup>a</sup>
0.924</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Female</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">9.98 ± 3.64</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Implant torque, sites</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Up</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">9.28 ± 3.19</td>
<td rowspan="2" align="center" colspan="1"><sup>a</sup>
0.219</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Down</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">10.87 ± 3.61</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="center" colspan="3" rowspan="1"><hr></hr>
</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>r</italic>
</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>P</italic>
</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="center" colspan="3" rowspan="1"><hr></hr>
</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Age, years</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.105</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.597</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">W0, mm</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.110</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.576</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">W1, mm</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.252</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.196</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">W1-W0, mm</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.210</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.283</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">V1</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> GBR</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.387</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.154</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> RBG</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.541</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.056</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Total</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.459</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.014<sup><italic>∗</italic>
</sup>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table-wrap-foot><fn><p>
<sup>a</sup>
Independent samples <italic>t</italic>
-test; <italic>r</italic>
: Pearson's correlation coefficient; <sup><italic>∗</italic>
</sup>
<italic>P</italic>
< 0.05.</p>
</fn>
<fn><p>V1-V2 (%), resorption rate; W0, presurgical bone width; W1, bone width after healing; W1-W0, bone gain after healing; V1, initial postaugmentation graft volume.</p>
</fn>
</table-wrap-foot>
</table-wrap>
<table-wrap id="tab5" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Table 5</label>
<caption><p>Linear regression analysis to identify predictors of V1-V2 change.</p>
</caption>
<table frame="hsides" rules="groups"><thead><tr><th rowspan="2" align="left" colspan="1"> </th>
<th rowspan="2" align="center" colspan="1"><italic>β</italic>
</th>
<th rowspan="2" align="center" colspan="1"><italic>P</italic>
</th>
<th colspan="2" align="center" rowspan="1">95% CI for <italic>β</italic>
</th>
</tr>
<tr><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Lower bound</th>
<th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Upper bound</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Constant</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">21.499</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><0.001<sup><italic>∗∗</italic>
</sup>
</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">13.606</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">29.392</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Augmentation technique (RBG)</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−6.030</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><0.001<sup><italic>∗∗</italic>
</sup>
</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−7.742</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−4.317</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">V1</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0086</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.012<sup><italic>∗</italic>
</sup>
</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0002</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0015</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table-wrap-foot><fn><p>
<sup><italic>∗</italic>
</sup>
<italic>P</italic>
< 0.05; <sup><italic>∗∗</italic>
</sup>
<italic>P</italic>
< 0.01.</p>
</fn>
<fn><p>RBG, ramus block bone graft; V1, postaugmentation graft volume; CI, confidence interval.</p>
</fn>
</table-wrap-foot>
</table-wrap>
</floats-group>
</pmc>
</record>
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