Biomechanical Stability of Dental Implants in Augmented Maxillary Sites: Results of a Randomized Clinical Study with Four Different Biomaterials and PRF and a Biological View on Guided Bone Regeneration
Identifieur interne : 002900 ( Pmc/Curation ); précédent : 002899; suivant : 002901Biomechanical Stability of Dental Implants in Augmented Maxillary Sites: Results of a Randomized Clinical Study with Four Different Biomaterials and PRF and a Biological View on Guided Bone Regeneration
Auteurs : Troedhan Angelo [Autriche] ; Wainwright Marcel [Allemagne] ; Kurrek Andreas [Allemagne] ; Schlichting Izabela [Autriche]Source :
- BioMed Research International [ 2314-6133 ] ; 2015.
Abstract
Url:
DOI: 10.1155/2015/850340
PubMed: 25954758
PubMed Central: 4410536
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<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Biomechanical Stability of Dental Implants in Augmented Maxillary Sites: Results of a Randomized Clinical Study with Four Different Biomaterials and PRF and a Biological View on Guided Bone Regeneration</title><author><name sortKey="Angelo, Troedhan" sort="Angelo, Troedhan" uniqKey="Angelo T" first="Troedhan" last="Angelo">Troedhan Angelo</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I1">Institute for Maxillofacial Surgery and Dentistry, General Hospital of Vienna “Hietzing”, Wolkersbergenstraße 1, Pavillon 3a, 1130 Vienna, Austria</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Autriche</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute for Maxillofacial Surgery and Dentistry, General Hospital of Vienna “Hietzing”, Wolkersbergenstraße 1, Pavillon 3a, 1130 Vienna</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Marcel, Wainwright" sort="Marcel, Wainwright" uniqKey="Marcel W" first="Wainwright" last="Marcel">Wainwright Marcel</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I2">Implantology Clinic Kaiserswerth, Kaiserswerther Markt 25, 40489 Dusseldorf, Germany</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Implantology Clinic Kaiserswerth, Kaiserswerther Markt 25, 40489 Dusseldorf</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Andreas, Kurrek" sort="Andreas, Kurrek" uniqKey="Andreas K" first="Kurrek" last="Andreas">Kurrek Andreas</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I3">Implantology Clinic Oberkassel, Dominikanerstrasse 10, 40545 Dusseldorf, Germany</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Implantology Clinic Oberkassel, Dominikanerstrasse 10, 40545 Dusseldorf</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Izabela, Schlichting" sort="Izabela, Schlichting" uniqKey="Izabela S" first="Schlichting" last="Izabela">Schlichting Izabela</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I4">Center for Facial Esthetics Vienna, Brauhausgasse 12, 1050 Vienna, Austria</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Autriche</country><wicri:regionArea>Center for Facial Esthetics Vienna, Brauhausgasse 12, 1050 Vienna</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno><idno type="pmid">25954758</idno><idno type="pmc">4410536</idno><idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4410536</idno><idno type="RBID">PMC:4410536</idno><idno type="doi">10.1155/2015/850340</idno><date when="2015">2015</date><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Corpus">002900</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PMC">002900</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Curation">002900</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Curation">002900</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">Biomechanical Stability of Dental Implants in Augmented Maxillary Sites: Results of a Randomized Clinical Study with Four Different Biomaterials and PRF and a Biological View on Guided Bone Regeneration</title><author><name sortKey="Angelo, Troedhan" sort="Angelo, Troedhan" uniqKey="Angelo T" first="Troedhan" last="Angelo">Troedhan Angelo</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I1">Institute for Maxillofacial Surgery and Dentistry, General Hospital of Vienna “Hietzing”, Wolkersbergenstraße 1, Pavillon 3a, 1130 Vienna, Austria</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Autriche</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute for Maxillofacial Surgery and Dentistry, General Hospital of Vienna “Hietzing”, Wolkersbergenstraße 1, Pavillon 3a, 1130 Vienna</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Marcel, Wainwright" sort="Marcel, Wainwright" uniqKey="Marcel W" first="Wainwright" last="Marcel">Wainwright Marcel</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I2">Implantology Clinic Kaiserswerth, Kaiserswerther Markt 25, 40489 Dusseldorf, Germany</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Implantology Clinic Kaiserswerth, Kaiserswerther Markt 25, 40489 Dusseldorf</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Andreas, Kurrek" sort="Andreas, Kurrek" uniqKey="Andreas K" first="Kurrek" last="Andreas">Kurrek Andreas</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I3">Implantology Clinic Oberkassel, Dominikanerstrasse 10, 40545 Dusseldorf, Germany</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Implantology Clinic Oberkassel, Dominikanerstrasse 10, 40545 Dusseldorf</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Izabela, Schlichting" sort="Izabela, Schlichting" uniqKey="Izabela S" first="Schlichting" last="Izabela">Schlichting Izabela</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I4">Center for Facial Esthetics Vienna, Brauhausgasse 12, 1050 Vienna, Austria</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Autriche</country><wicri:regionArea>Center for Facial Esthetics Vienna, Brauhausgasse 12, 1050 Vienna</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">BioMed Research International</title><idno type="ISSN">2314-6133</idno><idno type="eISSN">2314-6141</idno><imprint><date when="2015">2015</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p><italic>Introduction</italic>. Bone regenerates mainly by periosteal and endosteal humoral and cellular activity, which is given only little concern in surgical techniques and choice of bone grafts for guided bone regeneration. This study investigates on a clinical level the biomechanical stability of augmented sites in maxillary bone when a new class of moldable, self-hardening calcium-phosphate biomaterials (SHB) is used with and without the addition of Platelet Rich Fibrin (aPRF) in the Piezotome-enhanced subperiosteal tunnel-technique (PeSPTT). <italic>Material and Methods</italic>. 82 patients with horizontal atrophy of anterior maxillary crest were treated with PeSPTT and randomly assigned biphasic (60% HA/40% bTCP) or monophasic (100% bTCP) SHB without or with addition of aPRF. 109 implants were inserted into the augmented sites after 8.3 months and the insertion-torque-value (ITV) measured as clinical expression of the (bio)mechanical stability of the augmented bone and compared to ITVs of a prior study in sinus lifting. <italic>Results</italic>. Significant better results of (bio)mechanical stability almost by two-fold, expressed by higher ITVs compared to native bone, were achieved with the used biomaterials and more constant results with the addition of aPRF. <italic>Conclusion</italic>. The use of SHB alone or combined with aPRF seems to be favourable to achieve a superior (bio)mechanical stable restored alveolar bone.</p></div></front><back><div1 type="bibliography"><listBibl><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Bourne, G H" uniqKey="Bourne G">G. H. Bourne</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Ozcelik, D" uniqKey="Ozcelik D">D. Özçelik</name></author><author><name sortKey="Turan, T" uniqKey="Turan T">T. Turan</name></author><author><name sortKey="Kabukcuoglu, F" uniqKey="Kabukcuoglu F">F. Kabukcuoglu</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Ortak, T" uniqKey="Ortak T">T. 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<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Biomed Res Int</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">Biomed Res Int</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">BMRI</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title>BioMed Research International</journal-title></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2314-6133</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2314-6141</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Hindawi Publishing Corporation</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">25954758</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="pmc">4410536</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1155/2015/850340</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Clinical Study</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Biomechanical Stability of Dental Implants in Augmented Maxillary Sites: Results of a Randomized Clinical Study with Four Different Biomaterials and PRF and a Biological View on Guided Bone Regeneration</article-title></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Angelo</surname><given-names>Troedhan</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="I1"><sup>1</sup></xref><xref ref-type="corresp" rid="cor1"><sup>*</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Marcel</surname><given-names>Wainwright</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="I2"><sup>2</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Andreas</surname><given-names>Kurrek</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="I3"><sup>3</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Izabela</surname><given-names>Schlichting</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="I4"><sup>4</sup></xref></contrib></contrib-group><aff id="I1"><sup>1</sup>Institute for Maxillofacial Surgery and Dentistry, General Hospital of Vienna “Hietzing”, Wolkersbergenstraße 1, Pavillon 3a, 1130 Vienna, Austria</aff><aff id="I2"><sup>2</sup>Implantology Clinic Kaiserswerth, Kaiserswerther Markt 25, 40489 Dusseldorf, Germany</aff><aff id="I3"><sup>3</sup>Implantology Clinic Oberkassel, Dominikanerstrasse 10, 40545 Dusseldorf, Germany</aff><aff id="I4"><sup>4</sup>Center for Facial Esthetics Vienna, Brauhausgasse 12, 1050 Vienna, Austria</aff><author-notes><corresp id="cor1">*Troedhan Angelo: <email>troed@aon.at</email></corresp><fn fn-type="other"><p>Academic Editor: Devorah Schwartz-Arad</p></fn></author-notes><pub-date pub-type="ppub"><year>2015</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>12</day><month>4</month><year>2015</year></pub-date><volume>2015</volume><elocation-id>850340</elocation-id><history><date date-type="received"><day>1</day><month>1</month><year>2015</year></date><date date-type="rev-recd"><day>22</day><month>2</month><year>2015</year></date><date date-type="accepted"><day>27</day><month>2</month><year>2015</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright © 2015 Troedhan Angelo et al.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2015</copyright-year><license xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/"><license-p>This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.</license-p></license></permissions><abstract><p><italic>Introduction</italic>. Bone regenerates mainly by periosteal and endosteal humoral and cellular activity, which is given only little concern in surgical techniques and choice of bone grafts for guided bone regeneration. This study investigates on a clinical level the biomechanical stability of augmented sites in maxillary bone when a new class of moldable, self-hardening calcium-phosphate biomaterials (SHB) is used with and without the addition of Platelet Rich Fibrin (aPRF) in the Piezotome-enhanced subperiosteal tunnel-technique (PeSPTT). <italic>Material and Methods</italic>. 82 patients with horizontal atrophy of anterior maxillary crest were treated with PeSPTT and randomly assigned biphasic (60% HA/40% bTCP) or monophasic (100% bTCP) SHB without or with addition of aPRF. 109 implants were inserted into the augmented sites after 8.3 months and the insertion-torque-value (ITV) measured as clinical expression of the (bio)mechanical stability of the augmented bone and compared to ITVs of a prior study in sinus lifting. <italic>Results</italic>. Significant better results of (bio)mechanical stability almost by two-fold, expressed by higher ITVs compared to native bone, were achieved with the used biomaterials and more constant results with the addition of aPRF. <italic>Conclusion</italic>. The use of SHB alone or combined with aPRF seems to be favourable to achieve a superior (bio)mechanical stable restored alveolar bone.</p></abstract></article-meta></front><floats-group><fig id="fig1" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Figure 1</label><caption><p>Section through a human maxillary sinus specimen after detachment of the Schneiderian membrane with the tHUCSL-INTRALIFT-method in a fresh human cadaver head. RE: respiratory epithelium pointing inside the maxillary sinus, P: periosteum (total), SF: subsection of the periosteum (P): fibrous layer (“stratum fibrosum”), SO: subsection of the periosteum (P): osteogenic layer (“stratum osteogenicum”), O: osteoblasts (red dots), TB: trabecular bone (reddish), E: endosteum (blue layer covering all TB), G: gland, BV: blood vessel, and FT: fat tissue. Specimen at 20x magnification was prepared by immersion fixation in 5%-neutral-formaldehyde-solution, dehydrated with alcohol, embedded in Paraplast, and cut with a microtome to slices of 5-6 microns. Azan-staining was performed in order to visualize the osteoblasts within the periosteal layer (reddish color), the collagenous fibres of the periosteum and connective tissues of the sinus-membrane, and the connecting Sharpey fibres (dark blue color).</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="BMRI2015-850340.001"></graphic></fig><fig id="fig2" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Figure 2</label><caption><p>Graphical depiction of anatomical correlation and biological similarity of sinus lift versus buccal subperiosteal tunnel technique-augmentation-sites (overview (a), detail (b); periosteal cover of all bone surfaces depicted in yellow) MB: maxillary bone outlines (red) MP: mucoperiosteum of the oral cavity, SP: sinus periosteum of the maxillary sinus, P: periosteal cover of facial bones, BM: biomaterial applied subperiosteally in sinus lift and subperiosteal tunnel site, and ta: transcrestal approach of the tHUCSL-INTRALIFT-procedure.</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="BMRI2015-850340.002"></graphic></fig><fig id="fig3" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Figure 3</label><caption><p>Macroscopical clinical demonstration of clean detachment of the periosteum from the bone with Piezotome surgery utilizing the cavitation effect: no remnants of the osteogenic layer of the periosteum are visible on the bone; the perforating blood vessels are cleanly cut.</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="BMRI2015-850340.003"></graphic></fig><fig id="fig4" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Figure 4</label><caption><p>Close up view of the reverted periosteum cleanly detached from the bone with Piezotome surgery during preparation for a subperiosteal tunnel procedure. The intraperiosteal vessel-net is visible and undamaged.</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="BMRI2015-850340.004"></graphic></fig><fig id="fig5" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Figure 5</label><caption><p>Presurgical clinical inspection of the lateral atrophic alveolar ridge.</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="BMRI2015-850340.005"></graphic></fig><fig id="fig6" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Figure 6</label><caption><p>Vertical incision mesial of the augmentation site (left 1st and 2nd incisor).</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="BMRI2015-850340.006"></graphic></fig><fig id="fig7" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Figure 7</label><caption><p>(a) BS-4 working tip for Piezotome II/SOLO/Implant Center II. (b) Clean detachment of the periosteum from the maxillary bone with the Piezotome-device up to the basal margins of the nasal cavity.</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="BMRI2015-850340.007"></graphic></fig><fig id="fig8" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Figure 8</label><caption><p>Inspection of the subperiosteal tunnel and probe-testing for sufficient pocket-extensions to the left canine-region.</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="BMRI2015-850340.008"></graphic></fig><fig id="fig9" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Figure 9</label><caption><p>Insertion of the moldable and in situ hardening biomaterial.</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="BMRI2015-850340.009"></graphic></fig><fig id="fig10" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Figure 10</label><caption><p>(a) Preparation of PRF to be applied to pure bTCP in situ hardening biomaterial when randomly assigned. The PRF-clots will be compressed to form an elastic membrane and the expressed liquid aspirated with a sterile syringe for later washout of the “Biolinker” to harden the biomaterial to a bone-block-like graft. By this procedure active angiogenic and osteoblast stimulating cells are perfused inside the hardened porous biomaterial block. (b) Torque measurement in 1 Ncm-steps with the Implantcenter II, implant motor.</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="BMRI2015-850340.010"></graphic></fig><fig id="fig11" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Figure 11</label><caption><p>Wound closure with single stitches.</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="BMRI2015-850340.011"></graphic></fig><fig id="fig12" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Figure 12</label><caption><p>CBCT control and measurement of achieved bone dimensions prior to implant insertion.</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="BMRI2015-850340.012"></graphic></fig><fig id="fig13" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Figure 13</label><caption><p>Crestal opening of the augmentation site, clinical inspection, and pilot- and form-drilling for implant insertion.</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="BMRI2015-850340.013"></graphic></fig><fig id="fig14" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Figure 14</label><caption><p>(a) Q1-Implant shape. (b) Q1-implants with a diameter of 3.5 mm and length of 14 mm inserted into the augmentation site.</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="BMRI2015-850340.014"></graphic></fig><fig id="fig15" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Figure 15</label><caption><p>Overview tHUCSL-INTRALIFT procedure with Piezotome II/SOLO: (a) after reverting a minimal invasive crestal flap the sinus floor is opened transcrestal with the diamond coated Piezotome-tip TKW2, (b) a sealing receptacle is prepared with the diamond-coated Piezotome-tip TKW4, (c) the Piezotome-tip TKW5 is tight-fit inserted into the receptacle to prevent liquid-back-flow to the oral cavity and by this subantral loss of hydrodynamic pressure. The Piezotome then is activated and the periosteum of the Schneiderian membrane cleanly detached from the bony antrum floor utilizing the cavitation effect. (d) Insertion of 2 ccm biomaterial into the subperiosteal scaffold, (e) clinical case of a typical tHUCSL-INTRALIFT-procedure, (f) subantral application of 2 ccm biomaterial, (g) wound closure, (h) postsurgical X-ray control of the sinus lift site, (i) implant insertion after average 8.7 months, and (j) final prosthetic treatment.</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="BMRI2015-850340.015"></graphic></fig><fig id="fig16" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Figure 16</label><caption><p>Insertion-torque-value (ITV) comparison notched box plot for the subperiosteal tunnel procedure in the anterior maxilla depicts the interquartile range (IQR) between the 25th and 75th percentile of the specific biomaterial tested where 50% of the data points were located. Additionally, the upper whiskers represent data within the 75th percentile +1.5 times the IQR. The lower whisker delimits data of the 25th percentile −1.5 times the IQR. Within the boxes the notches mark the confidence interval based on the median ± 1.58 (IQR/sqrt of <italic>n</italic>) (<italic>n</italic> = number of measurements). Additionally, the mean value is indicated by a black square and the cross symbol (+) displays the standard deviation. Easy-graft CRYSTAL (<italic>n</italic> = 36), easy-graft CLASSIC (<italic>n</italic> = 35), easy-graft CLASSIC + Platelet Rich Fibrin (<italic>n</italic> = 38), and control group native anterior maxillary bone (<italic>n</italic> = 30).</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="BMRI2015-850340.016"></graphic></fig><fig id="fig17" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Figure 17</label><caption><p>ITV-comparison notched box plot of native anterior maxillary bone (subperiosteal tunnel procedure control group—SP ControlGroupNativeBone) and native molar maxillary bone (INTRALIFT control group—IL ControlGroupNativeBone) depicts the interquartile range (IQR) between the 25th and 75th percentile of the specific biomaterial tested where 50% of the data points were located. Additionally, the upper whiskers represent data within the 75th percentile +1.5 times the IQR. The lower whisker delimits data of the 25th percentile −1.5 times the IQR. Within the boxes the notches mark the confidence interval based on the median ± 1.58 (IQR/sqrt of <italic>n</italic>) (<italic>n</italic> = number of measurements). Additionally, the mean value is indicated by a black square and the cross symbol (+) displays the standard deviation. Control group native anterior maxillary bone SP (<italic>n</italic> = 30), control group native molar maxillary bone IL (<italic>n</italic> = 35).</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="BMRI2015-850340.017"></graphic></fig><fig id="fig18" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Figure 18</label><caption><p>ITV-comparison notched box plot of the subperiosteal tunnel procedure (SP) in the anterior maxilla and the INTRALIFT-procedure (IL) with BiSHB (e-gCRYSTAL), MoSHB (e-gCLASSIC), and MoSHB + Platelet Rich Fibrin (PRF) (e-gCLASSIC + PRF) depicts the interquartile range (IQR) between the 25th and 75th percentile of the specific biomaterial tested where 50% of the data points were located. Additionally, the upper whiskers represent data within the 75th percentile +1.5 times the IQR. The lower whisker delimits data of the 25th percentile −1.5 times the IQR. Within the boxes the notches mark the confidence interval based on the median ± 1.58 (IQR/sqrt of <italic>n</italic>) (<italic>n</italic> = number of measurements). Additionally, the mean value is indicated by a black square and the cross symbol (+) displays the standard deviation. SPe-gCRYSTAL (<italic>n</italic> = 36), ILe-gCRYSTAL (<italic>n</italic> = 38), SPe-gCLASSIC (<italic>n</italic> = 35), ILe-gCLASSIC (<italic>n</italic> = 41), and SPe-grCLASSIC + PRF (<italic>n</italic> = 38).</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="BMRI2015-850340.018"></graphic></fig><fig id="fig19" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Figure 19</label><caption><p>Cumulative ITV-comparison notched box plot of the subperiosteal tunnel procedure (SP) in the anterior maxilla and the INTRALIFT-procedure (IL) with BiSHB (e-gCRYSTAL), MoSHB (e-gCLASSIC), MoSHB + Platelet Rich Fibrin (PRF) (e-gCLASSIC + PRF), synthetic granulate HA/SiO<sub>2</sub> (ILNanobone), bovine graft (ILBioOss), control group SP (SPControl), and control group IL (ILControl) depicts the interquartile range (IQR) between the 25th and 75th percentile of the specific biomaterial tested where 50% of the data points were located. Additionally, the upper whiskers represent data within the 75th percentile +1.5 times the IQR. The lower whisker delimits data of the 25th percentile −1.5 times the IQR. Circles (°) represent the outliers. Within the boxes the notches mark the confidence interval based on the median ± 1.58 (IQR/sqrt of <italic>n</italic>) (<italic>n</italic> = number of measurements). Additionally, the mean value is indicated by a black square and the cross symbol (+) displays the standard deviation. SPe-gCRYSTAL (<italic>n</italic> = 36), ILe-gCRYSTAL (<italic>n</italic> = 38), SPe-gCLASSIC (<italic>n</italic> = 35), ILe-gCLASSIC (<italic>n</italic> = 41), SPe-grCLASSIC + PRF (<italic>n</italic> = 38), ILNanobone (<italic>n</italic> = 42), ILBioOss (<italic>n</italic> = 34), SPControl (<italic>n</italic> = 30), and ILControl (<italic>n</italic> = 35).</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="BMRI2015-850340.019"></graphic></fig><table-wrap-group id="tab1" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Table 1</label><caption><p>Statistical evaluation of insertion-torque-values obtained at implant insertion in augmented sites of the anterior maxilla (subperiosteal tunnel technique {SP}) by one-way ANOVA test, Student's <italic>t</italic>-test, and post hoc multiple comparisons by Fisher's least significant difference (LSD) to test mean insertion-torque-values and variance in each group and mean difference significance between all groups. </p></caption><table-wrap id="tab1a" orientation="portrait" position="anchor"><label>(a)</label><table frame="hsides" rules="groups"><tbody><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Means comparisons</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td></tr><tr><td align="center" colspan="2" rowspan="1"><hr></hr></td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Comparisons for each pair using Student's <italic>t</italic></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td></tr><tr><td align="center" colspan="2" rowspan="1"><hr></hr></td></tr><tr><td align="center" colspan="2" rowspan="1">Confidence quantile</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>t</italic></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Alpha</td></tr><tr><td align="center" colspan="2" rowspan="1"><hr></hr></td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.97769</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.05</td></tr></tbody></table></table-wrap><table-wrap id="tab1b" orientation="portrait" position="anchor"><label>(b)</label><table frame="hsides" rules="groups"><tbody><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">LSD threshold matrix</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Abs(Dif)-LSD</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td></tr><tr><td align="center" colspan="5" rowspan="1"><hr></hr></td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Easy-graft CRYSTAL_SP</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Easy-graft CLASSIC + PRF_SP</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Easy-graft CLASSIC_SP</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Control Group Native Bone Front-Canine_SP</td></tr><tr><td align="center" colspan="5" rowspan="1"><hr></hr></td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Easy-graft CRYSTAL_SP</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−3.12</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2.52</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">6.84</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">21.36</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Easy-graft CLASSIC + PRF_SP</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2.52</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−3.04</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.28</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">15.79</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Easy-graft CLASSIC_SP</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">6.84</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.28</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−3.17</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">11.35</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">ContrGroupNativeBone Front-Canine_SP</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">21.36</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">15.79</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">11.35</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−3.42</td></tr></tbody></table><table-wrap-foot><fn><p>Positive values show pairs of means that are significantly different.</p></fn></table-wrap-foot></table-wrap><table-wrap id="tab1c" orientation="portrait" position="anchor"><label>(c)</label><table frame="hsides" rules="groups"><tbody><tr><td align="center" colspan="6" rowspan="1">Connecting letters report</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">level</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Mean</td></tr><tr><td align="center" colspan="6" rowspan="1"><hr></hr></td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Easy-graft CRYSTAL_SP</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">A</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">52.50</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Easy-graft CLASSIC + PRF_SP</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">B</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">46.89</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Easy-graft CLASSIC_SP</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">C</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">42.51</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">ContrGroupNativeBone Front-Canine_SP</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">D</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">27.87</td></tr></tbody></table><table-wrap-foot><fn><p>Levels not connected by same letter are significantly different.</p></fn></table-wrap-foot></table-wrap><table-wrap id="tab1d" orientation="portrait" position="anchor"><label>(d)</label><table frame="hsides" rules="groups"><tbody><tr><td align="center" colspan="8" rowspan="1">Ordered differences report</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Level </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">compared to</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Level</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Difference</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Std. err. dif.</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Lower CL</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Upper CL</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>P</italic> value</td></tr><tr><td align="center" colspan="8" rowspan="1"><hr></hr></td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Easy-graft CRYSTAL_SP</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">ContrGroupNativeBone Front-Canine_SP</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">24.63</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.66</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">21.36</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">27.91</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><0.0001</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Easy-graft CLASSIC + PRF_SP</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">ContrGroupNativeBone Front-Canine_SP</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">19.03</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.64</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">15.79</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">22.27</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><0.0001</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Easy-graft CLASSIC_SP</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">ContrGroupNativeBone Front-Canine_SP</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">14.65</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.67</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">11.35</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">17.95</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><0.0001</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Easy-graft CRYSTAL_SP</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">easy-graft CLASSIC_SP</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">9.99</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.59</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">6.84</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">13.13</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><0.0001</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Easy-graft CRYSTAL_SP</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">easy-graft CLASSIC + PRF_SP</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5.61</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.56</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2.52</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">8.69</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0005</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Easy-graft CLASSIC + PRF_SP</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">easy-graft CLASSIC_SP</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">4.38</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.57</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.27</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">7.49</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0060</td></tr></tbody></table></table-wrap></table-wrap-group><table-wrap-group id="tab2" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Table 2</label><caption><p>Cumulative statistical evaluation of ITVs obtained in the subperiosteal-tunnel-technique (SP) study and INTRALIFT (IL) study by a one-way ANOVA test, Student's <italic>t</italic>-test, and post hoc multiple comparisons by Fisher's least significant difference (LSD) to test mean insertion-torque-values and variance in each group and mean difference significance between all groups.</p></caption><table-wrap id="tab2a" orientation="portrait" position="anchor"><label>(a)</label><table frame="hsides" rules="groups"><tbody><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Means comparisons</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td></tr><tr><td align="center" colspan="2" rowspan="1"><hr></hr></td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Comparisons for each pair using Student's <italic>t</italic></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td></tr><tr><td align="center" colspan="2" rowspan="1"><hr></hr></td></tr><tr><td align="center" colspan="2" rowspan="1">Confidence quantile</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>t</italic></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Alpha</td></tr><tr><td align="center" colspan="2" rowspan="1"><hr></hr></td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.9674</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.05</td></tr></tbody></table></table-wrap><table-wrap id="tab2b" orientation="portrait" position="anchor"><label>(b)</label><table frame="hsides" rules="groups"><tbody><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">LSD threshold matrix</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Abs(Dif)-LSD</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td></tr><tr><td align="center" colspan="10" rowspan="1"><hr></hr></td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Easy-graft CRYSTAL_IL</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Easy-graft CRYSTAL_SP</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Easy-graft CLASSIC + PRF_SP</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Easy-graft CLASSIC_IL</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Easy-graft CLASSIC_SP</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Nanobone_IL</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Control Group Native Bone Front-Canine_SP</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">BioOss_IL</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Control Group Native Bone premolar-molar_IL</td></tr><tr><td align="center" colspan="10" rowspan="1"><hr></hr></td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Easy-graft CRYSTAL_IL</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−2.53</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.51</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">7.15</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">8.24</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">11.48</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">20.80</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">26.02</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">27.77</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">31.88</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Easy-graft CRYSTAL_SP</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.51</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−2.60</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3.04</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">4.12</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">7.36</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">16.68</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">21.90</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">23.65</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">27.76</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Easy-graft CLASSIC + PRF_SP</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">7.15</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3.04</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−2.53</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−1.45</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.79</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">11.11</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">16.33</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">18.08</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">22.19</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Easy-graft CLASSIC_IL</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">8.24</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">4.12</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−1.45</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−2.44</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.80</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">10.12</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">15.33</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">17.09</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">21.20</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Easy-graft CLASSIC_SP</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">11.48</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">7.36</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.79</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.80</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−2.64</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">6.68</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">11.90</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">13.65</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">17.76</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Nanobone_IL</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">20.80</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">16.68</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">11.11</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">10.12</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">6.68</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−2.41</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2.80</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">4.56</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">8.67</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">ContrGroupNativeBone Front-Canine_SP</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">26.02</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">21.90</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">16.33</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">15.33</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">11.90</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2.80</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−2.85</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−1.11</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3.00</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">BioOss_IL</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">27.77</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">23.65</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">18.08</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">17.09</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">13.65</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">4.56</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−1.11</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−2.68</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.43</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">ContrGroupNativeBone premol-molar_IL</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">31.88</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">27.76</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">22.19</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">21.20</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">17.76</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">8.67</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3.00</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.43</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−2.64</td></tr></tbody></table><table-wrap-foot><fn><p>Positive values show pairs of means that are significantly different.</p></fn></table-wrap-foot></table-wrap><table-wrap id="tab2c" orientation="portrait" position="anchor"><label>(c)</label><table frame="hsides" rules="groups"><tbody><tr><td align="center" colspan="9" rowspan="1">Connecting letters report</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Level</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Mean</td></tr><tr><td align="center" colspan="9" rowspan="1"><hr></hr></td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Easy-graft CRYSTAL_IL</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">A</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">56.58</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Easy-graft CRYSTAL_SP</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">B</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">52.50</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Easy-graft CLASSIC + PRF_SP</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">C</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">46.89</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Easy-graft CLASSIC_IL</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">C</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">45.85</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Easy-graft CLASSIC_SP</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">D</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">42.51</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Nanobone_IL</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">E</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">33.31</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">ContrGroupNativeBone Front-Canine_SP</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">F</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">27.87</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">BioOss_IL</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">F</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">26.21</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">ContrGroupNativeBone premol-molar_IL</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">G</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">22.11</td></tr></tbody></table><table-wrap-foot><fn><p>Levels not connected by same letter are significantly different.</p></fn></table-wrap-foot></table-wrap><table-wrap id="tab2d" orientation="portrait" position="anchor"><label>(d)</label><table frame="hsides" rules="groups"><tbody><tr><td align="center" colspan="8" rowspan="1">Ordered differences report</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Level</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">compared to</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Level</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Difference</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Std. err. dif.</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Lower CL</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Upper CL</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>P</italic>-value</td></tr><tr><td align="center" colspan="8" rowspan="1"><hr></hr></td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Easy-graft CRYSTAL_IL</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">ContrGroupNativeBone premolar-molar_IL</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">34.46</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.32</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">31.88</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">37.05</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><0.0001</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Easy-graft CRYSTAL_SP</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">ContrGroupNativeBone premolar-molar_IL</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">30.39</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.33</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">27.76</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">33.01</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><0.0001</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Easy-graft CRYSTAL_IL</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">BioOss_IL</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">30.37</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.33</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">27.77</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">32.98</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><0.0001</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Easy-graft CRYSTAL_IL</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">ContrGroupNativeBone Front-Canine_SP</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">28.71</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.37</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">26.01</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">31.41</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><0.0001</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Easy-graft CRYSTAL_SP</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">BioOss_IL</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">26.29</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.34</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">23.65</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">28.94</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><0.0001</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Easy-graft CLASSIC + PRF_SP</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">ContrGroupNativeBone premolar-molar_IL</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">24.78</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.32</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">22.19</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">27.37</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><0.0001</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Easy-graft CRYSTAL_SP</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">ContrGroupNativeBone Front-Canine_SP</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">24.63</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.39</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">21.90</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">27.36</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><0.0001</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Easy-graft CLASSIC_IL</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">ContrGroupNativeBone premolar-molar_IL</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">23.74</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.29</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">21.20</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">26.28</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><0.0001</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Easy-graft CRYSTAL_IL</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Nanobone_IL</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">23.27</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.26</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">20.80</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">25.74</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><0.0001</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Easy-graft CLASSIC + PRF_SP</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">BioOss_IL</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">20.69</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.33</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">18.08</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">23.30</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><0.0001</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Easy-graft CLASSIC_SP</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">ContrGroupNativeBone premolar-molar_IL</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">20.40</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.34</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">17.76</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">23.04</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><0.0001</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Easy-graft CLASSIC_IL</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">BioOss_IL</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">19.65</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.30</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">17.09</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">22.21</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><0.0001</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Easy-graft CRYSTAL_SP</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Nanobone_IL</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">19.19</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.28</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">16.68</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">21.70</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><0.0001</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Easy-graft CLASSIC + PRF_SP</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">ContrGroupNativeBone Front-Canine_SP</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">19.03</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.37</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">16.33</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">21.73</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><0.0001</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Easy-graft CLASSIC_IL</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">ContrGroupNativeBone Front-Canine_SP</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">17.99</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.35</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">15.33</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">20.64</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><0.0001</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Easy-graft CLASSIC_SP</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">BioOss_IL</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">16.31</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.35</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">13.65</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">18.97</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><0.0001</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Easy-graft CLASSIC_SP</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">ContrGroupNativeBone Front-Canine_SP</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">14.65</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.40</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">11.90</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">17.40</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><0.0001</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Easy-graft CRYSTAL_IL</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Easy-graft_CLASSIC_SP</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">14.06</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.32</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">11.48</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">16.65</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><0.0001</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Easy-graft CLASSIC + PRF_SP</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Nanobone_IL</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">13.59</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.26</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">11.11</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">16.06</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><0.0001</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Easy-graft CLASSIC_IL</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Nanobone_IL</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">12.54</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.23</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">10.12</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">14.97</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><0.0001</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Nanobone_IL</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">ContrGroupNativeBone premolar-molar_IL</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">11.20</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.28</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">8.67</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">13.72</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><0.0001</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Easy-graft CRYSTAL_IL</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Easy-graft CLASSIC_IL</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">10.73</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.26</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">8.24</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">13.21</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><0.0001</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Easy-graft CRYSTAL_SP</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Easy-graft CLASSIC_SP</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">9.99</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.33</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">7.36</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">12.61</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><0.0001</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Easy-graft CRYSTAL_IL</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Easy-graft CLASSIC + PRF_SP</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">9.68</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.29</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">7.15</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">12.22</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><0.0001</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Easy-graft CLASSIC_SP</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Nanobone_IL</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">9.20</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.28</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">6.68</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">11.73</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><0.0001</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Nanobone_IL</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">BioOss_IL</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">7.10</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.30</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">4.56</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">9.65</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><0.0001</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Easy-graft CRYSTAL_SP</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Easy-graft CLASSIC_IL</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">6.65</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.28</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">4.12</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">9.17</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><0.0001</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">ContrGroupNativeBone Front-Canine_SP</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">ContrGroupNativeBone premolar-molar_IL</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5.75</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.40</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3.00</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">8.50</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><0.0001</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Easy-graft CRYSTAL_SP</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Easy-graft CLASSIC + PRF_SP</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5.61</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.31</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3.04</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">8.17</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><0.0001</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Nanobone_IL</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">ContrGroupNativeBone Front-Canine_SP</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5.44</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.34</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2.80</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">8.08</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><0.0001</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Easy-graft CLASSIC + PRF_SP</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Easy-graft CLASSIC_SP</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">4.38</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.32</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.79</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">6.97</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0010</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">BioOss_IL</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">ContrGroupNativeBone premolar-molar_IL</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">4.09</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.35</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.43</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">6.75</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0027</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Easy-graft CRYSTAL_IL</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Easy-graft CRYSTAL_SP</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">4.08</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.31</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.51</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">6.65</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0019</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Easy-graft CLASSIC_IL</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Easy-graft CLASSIC_SP</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3.34</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.29</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.80</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5.88</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0102</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">ContrGroupNativeBone Front-Canine_SP</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">BioOss_IL</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.66</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.41</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−1.11</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">4.43</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.2385</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Easy-graft CLASSIC + PRF_SP</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Easy-graft CLASSIC_IL</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.04</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.26</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−1.45</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3.53</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.4108</td></tr></tbody></table></table-wrap></table-wrap-group></floats-group></pmc></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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