Second premolar agenesis is associated with mandibular form: a geometric morphometric analysis of mandibular cross-sections
Identifieur interne : 000820 ( Pmc/Curation ); précédent : 000819; suivant : 000821Second premolar agenesis is associated with mandibular form: a geometric morphometric analysis of mandibular cross-sections
Auteurs : Michael H. Bertl [Autriche] ; Kristina Bertl [Suède, Autriche] ; Manuel Wagner [Autriche] ; André Gahleitner [Autriche] ; Andreas Stavropoulos [Suède] ; Christian Ulm [Autriche] ; Philipp Mitteroecker [Autriche]Source :
- International Journal of Oral Science [ 1674-2818 ] ; 2016.
Abstract
The aim of this study was to compare mandibular form (i.e., size and shape) between patients with agenesis of the lower second premolar (P2) and a control group with no agenesis. Three hypotheses were tested: (H1) agenesis causes a change in mandibular morphology because of inadequate alveolar ridge development in the area of the missing tooth (mandibular plasticity); (H2) agenesis is caused by spatial limitations within the mandible (dental plasticity); and (H3) common genetic/epigenetic factors cause agenesis and affect mandibular form (pleiotropy). A geometric morphometric analysis was applied to cross-sectional images of computed tomography (CT) scans of three matched groups (
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DOI: 10.1038/ijos.2016.41
PubMed: 27857074
PubMed Central: 5168418
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Bertl</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff1"><institution>Division of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna</institution>, Vienna,<country>Austria</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Autriche</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bertl, Kristina" sort="Bertl, Kristina" uniqKey="Bertl K" first="Kristina" last="Bertl">Kristina Bertl</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff2"><institution>Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Odontology, University of Malmö</institution>, Malmö,<country>Sweden</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Suède</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff3"><institution>Division of Oral Surgery, School of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna</institution>, Vienna,<country>Austria</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Autriche</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wagner, Manuel" sort="Wagner, Manuel" uniqKey="Wagner M" first="Manuel" last="Wagner">Manuel Wagner</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff3"><institution>Division of Oral Surgery, School of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna</institution>, Vienna,<country>Austria</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Autriche</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gahleitner, Andre" sort="Gahleitner, Andre" uniqKey="Gahleitner A" first="André" last="Gahleitner">André Gahleitner</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff3"><institution>Division of Oral Surgery, School of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna</institution>, Vienna,<country>Austria</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Autriche</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff4"><institution>Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Division of Osteoradiology, General Hospital, Medical University of Vienna</institution>, Vienna,<country>Austria</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Autriche</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Stavropoulos, Andreas" sort="Stavropoulos, Andreas" uniqKey="Stavropoulos A" first="Andreas" last="Stavropoulos">Andreas Stavropoulos</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff2"><institution>Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Odontology, University of Malmö</institution>, Malmö,<country>Sweden</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Suède</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ulm, Christian" sort="Ulm, Christian" uniqKey="Ulm C" first="Christian" last="Ulm">Christian Ulm</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff3"><institution>Division of Oral Surgery, School of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna</institution>, Vienna,<country>Austria</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Autriche</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mitteroecker, Philipp" sort="Mitteroecker, Philipp" uniqKey="Mitteroecker P" first="Philipp" last="Mitteroecker">Philipp Mitteroecker</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff5"><institution>Department of Theoretical Biology, University of Vienna</institution>, Vienna,<country>Austria</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Autriche</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno><idno type="pmid">27857074</idno><idno type="pmc">5168418</idno><idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5168418</idno><idno type="RBID">PMC:5168418</idno><idno type="doi">10.1038/ijos.2016.41</idno><date when="2016">2016</date><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Corpus">000820</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PMC">000820</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Curation">000820</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Curation">000820</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">Second premolar agenesis is associated with mandibular form: a geometric morphometric analysis of mandibular cross-sections</title><author><name sortKey="Bertl, Michael H" sort="Bertl, Michael H" uniqKey="Bertl M" first="Michael H" last="Bertl">Michael H. Bertl</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff1"><institution>Division of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna</institution>, Vienna,<country>Austria</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Autriche</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bertl, Kristina" sort="Bertl, Kristina" uniqKey="Bertl K" first="Kristina" last="Bertl">Kristina Bertl</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff2"><institution>Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Odontology, University of Malmö</institution>, Malmö,<country>Sweden</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Suède</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff3"><institution>Division of Oral Surgery, School of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna</institution>, Vienna,<country>Austria</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Autriche</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wagner, Manuel" sort="Wagner, Manuel" uniqKey="Wagner M" first="Manuel" last="Wagner">Manuel Wagner</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff3"><institution>Division of Oral Surgery, School of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna</institution>, Vienna,<country>Austria</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Autriche</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gahleitner, Andre" sort="Gahleitner, Andre" uniqKey="Gahleitner A" first="André" last="Gahleitner">André Gahleitner</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff3"><institution>Division of Oral Surgery, School of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna</institution>, Vienna,<country>Austria</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Autriche</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff4"><institution>Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Division of Osteoradiology, General Hospital, Medical University of Vienna</institution>, Vienna,<country>Austria</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Autriche</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Stavropoulos, Andreas" sort="Stavropoulos, Andreas" uniqKey="Stavropoulos A" first="Andreas" last="Stavropoulos">Andreas Stavropoulos</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff2"><institution>Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Odontology, University of Malmö</institution>, Malmö,<country>Sweden</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Suède</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ulm, Christian" sort="Ulm, Christian" uniqKey="Ulm C" first="Christian" last="Ulm">Christian Ulm</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff3"><institution>Division of Oral Surgery, School of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna</institution>, Vienna,<country>Austria</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Autriche</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mitteroecker, Philipp" sort="Mitteroecker, Philipp" uniqKey="Mitteroecker P" first="Philipp" last="Mitteroecker">Philipp Mitteroecker</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff5"><institution>Department of Theoretical Biology, University of Vienna</institution>, Vienna,<country>Austria</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Autriche</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">International Journal of Oral Science</title><idno type="ISSN">1674-2818</idno><idno type="eISSN">2049-3169</idno><imprint><date when="2016">2016</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p>The aim of this study was to compare mandibular form (i.e., size and shape) between patients with agenesis of the lower second premolar (P2) and a control group with no agenesis. Three hypotheses were tested: (H1) agenesis causes a change in mandibular morphology because of inadequate alveolar ridge development in the area of the missing tooth (mandibular plasticity); (H2) agenesis is caused by spatial limitations within the mandible (dental plasticity); and (H3) common genetic/epigenetic factors cause agenesis and affect mandibular form (pleiotropy). A geometric morphometric analysis was applied to cross-sectional images of computed tomography (CT) scans of three matched groups (<italic>n</italic>=50 each): (1) regularly erupted P2; (2) agenesis of P2 and the primary second molar <italic>in situ</italic>; and (3) agenesis of P2 and the primary second molar missing for >3 months. Cross-sections of the three areas of interest (first premolar, P2, first molar) were digitized with 23 landmarks and superimposed by a generalized Procrustes analysis. On average, the mandibular cross-sections were narrower and shorter in patients with P2 agenesis compared with that in the control group. Both agenesis groups featured a pronounced submandibular fossa. These differences extended at least one tooth beyond the agenesis-affected region. Taken together with the large interindividual variation that resulted in massively overlapping group distributions, these findings support genetic and/or epigenetic pleiotropy (H3) as the most likely origin of the observed covariation between mandibular form and odontogenesis. Clinically, reduced dimensions and greater variability of mandibular form, as well as a pronounced submandibular fossa, should be expected during the treatment planning of patients with P2 agenesis.</p></div></front><back><div1 type="bibliography"><listBibl><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct></listBibl></div1></back></TEI><pmc article-type="research-article"><pmc-dir>properties open_access</pmc-dir>
<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Int J Oral Sci</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">Int J Oral Sci</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title>International Journal of Oral Science</journal-title></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1674-2818</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2049-3169</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Nature Publishing Group</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">27857074</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="pmc">5168418</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="pii">ijos201641</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1038/ijos.2016.41</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Original Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Second premolar agenesis is associated with mandibular form: a geometric morphometric analysis of mandibular cross-sections</article-title><alt-title alt-title-type="running">Second premolar agenesis and mandibular form</alt-title></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Bertl</surname><given-names>Michael H</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">1</xref><xref ref-type="corresp" rid="caf1">*</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Bertl</surname><given-names>Kristina</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">2</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">3</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Wagner</surname><given-names>Manuel</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">3</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Gahleitner</surname><given-names>André</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">3</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4">4</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Stavropoulos</surname><given-names>Andreas</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">2</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Ulm</surname><given-names>Christian</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">3</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Mitteroecker</surname><given-names>Philipp</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5">5</xref></contrib><aff id="aff1"><label>1</label><institution>Division of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna</institution>, Vienna,<country>Austria</country></aff><aff id="aff2"><label>2</label><institution>Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Odontology, University of Malmö</institution>, Malmö,<country>Sweden</country></aff><aff id="aff3"><label>3</label><institution>Division of Oral Surgery, School of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna</institution>, Vienna,<country>Austria</country></aff><aff id="aff4"><label>4</label><institution>Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Division of Osteoradiology, General Hospital, Medical University of Vienna</institution>, Vienna,<country>Austria</country></aff><aff id="aff5"><label>5</label><institution>Department of Theoretical Biology, University of Vienna</institution>, Vienna,<country>Austria</country></aff></contrib-group><author-notes><corresp id="caf1"><label>*</label><institution>Division of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry</institution>, Sensengasse 2a, Vienna 1090, <country>Austria</country> E-mail: <email>michael.bertl@meduniwien.ac.at</email></corresp></author-notes><pub-date pub-type="ppub"><month>12</month><year>2016</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>18</day><month>11</month><year>2016</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="pmc-release"><day>1</day><month>12</month><year>2016</year></pub-date><volume>8</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>254</fpage><lpage>260</lpage><history><date date-type="accepted"><day>12</day><month>07</month><year>2016</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright © 2016 The Author(s)</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2016</copyright-year><copyright-holder>The Author(s)</copyright-holder><license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"><pmc-comment>author-paid</pmc-comment>
<license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in the credit line; if the material is not included under the Creative Commons license, users will need to obtain permission from the license holder to reproduce the material. To view a copy of this license, visit <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</ext-link></license-p></license></permissions><abstract><p>The aim of this study was to compare mandibular form (i.e., size and shape) between patients with agenesis of the lower second premolar (P2) and a control group with no agenesis. Three hypotheses were tested: (H1) agenesis causes a change in mandibular morphology because of inadequate alveolar ridge development in the area of the missing tooth (mandibular plasticity); (H2) agenesis is caused by spatial limitations within the mandible (dental plasticity); and (H3) common genetic/epigenetic factors cause agenesis and affect mandibular form (pleiotropy). A geometric morphometric analysis was applied to cross-sectional images of computed tomography (CT) scans of three matched groups (<italic>n</italic>=50 each): (1) regularly erupted P2; (2) agenesis of P2 and the primary second molar <italic>in situ</italic>; and (3) agenesis of P2 and the primary second molar missing for >3 months. Cross-sections of the three areas of interest (first premolar, P2, first molar) were digitized with 23 landmarks and superimposed by a generalized Procrustes analysis. On average, the mandibular cross-sections were narrower and shorter in patients with P2 agenesis compared with that in the control group. Both agenesis groups featured a pronounced submandibular fossa. These differences extended at least one tooth beyond the agenesis-affected region. Taken together with the large interindividual variation that resulted in massively overlapping group distributions, these findings support genetic and/or epigenetic pleiotropy (H3) as the most likely origin of the observed covariation between mandibular form and odontogenesis. Clinically, reduced dimensions and greater variability of mandibular form, as well as a pronounced submandibular fossa, should be expected during the treatment planning of patients with P2 agenesis.</p></abstract><kwd-group><kwd>agenesis</kwd><kwd>cross-sections</kwd><kwd>geometric morphometrics</kwd><kwd>mandibular form</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><floats-group><fig id="fig1"><label>Figure 1</label><caption><p><bold>Landmark scheme for the mandibular cross-sections.</bold> (<bold>a</bold>) Cross-sectional computed tomography (CT) reconstructions at the three regions of interest: first premolar (r4), second premolar (r5) and first molar (r6) with fixed landmarks (red) and semilandmarks (white). (<bold>b</bold>) Reconstructed mandibular outlines of all 450 sections after standardizing the location and orientation of the landmark configurations.</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="ijos201641f1"></graphic></fig><fig id="fig2"><label>Figure 2</label><caption><p><bold>Mean centroid size (a), variance of centroid size (b) and total shape variance (c) of the three groups and the three dental regions (r4, r5 and r6)</bold>.</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="ijos201641f2"></graphic></fig><fig id="fig3"><label>Figure 3</label><caption><p><bold>Mean forms of the control group and the agenesis group for all three regions (r4, r5 and r6), together with fivefold extrapolations of these group differences</bold>. For example, to compute to the upper right configuration—the extrapolated agenesis form—five times the average difference between agenesis and control group was added to the average control form.</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="ijos201641f3"></graphic></fig><fig id="fig4"><label>Figure 4</label><caption><p><bold>Mean forms of the control group and the agenesis post-ex group for all three regions (r4, r5 and r6), together with fivefold extrapolations of these group differences.</bold></p></caption><graphic xlink:href="ijos201641f4"></graphic></fig><fig id="fig5"><label>Figure 5</label><caption><p><bold>Principal component analysis (PCA) of mandibular form.</bold> (<bold>a</bold>) Scatterplot of the first two principal components (PCs) of the group mean forms. (<bold>b</bold>, <bold>c</bold>) Visualization of the form differences associated with the two PCs.</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="ijos201641f5"></graphic></fig><fig id="fig6"><label>Figure 6</label><caption><p><bold>Histograms of individual scores for the form features that differ most between the control and agenesis groups (upper panel) and between the control and agenesis post-ex group (lower panel)</bold>. These scores are orthogonal projections of the rescaled shape coordinates on the mean difference vectors.</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="ijos201641f6"></graphic></fig><table-wrap id="tbl1"><label>Table 1</label><caption><title>Means and standard deviation of the mandibular cross-sectional areas (in cm<sup>2</sup>) at the three regions of interest (r4, r5, r6) for the control group and the two agenesis groups</title></caption><table frame="hsides" rules="groups" border="1"><colgroup><col align="left"></col><col align="char" char="("></col><col align="char" char="("></col><col align="char" char="("></col></colgroup><thead valign="bottom"><tr><th align="left" valign="top" charoff="50">Groups</th><th align="center" valign="top" char="(" charoff="50">r4</th><th align="center" valign="top" char="(" charoff="50">r5</th><th align="center" valign="top" char="(" charoff="50">r6</th></tr></thead><tbody valign="top"><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50">Control</td><td align="center" valign="top" char="(" charoff="50">2.68 (0.47)</td><td align="center" valign="top" char="(" charoff="50">2.65 (0.42)</td><td align="center" valign="top" char="(" charoff="50">2.72 (0.37)</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50">Agenesis</td><td align="center" valign="top" char="(" charoff="50">2.41 (0.50)</td><td align="center" valign="top" char="(" charoff="50">2.37 (0.50)</td><td align="center" valign="top" char="(" charoff="50">2.52 (0.49)</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50">Agenesis post-ex</td><td align="center" valign="top" char="(" charoff="50">2.35 (0.44)</td><td align="center" valign="top" char="(" charoff="50">2.11 (0.45)</td><td align="center" valign="top" char="(" charoff="50">2.52 (0.46)</td></tr></tbody></table></table-wrap></floats-group></pmc></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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