A comparative study to find out the relationship between the inner inter-canthal distance, interpupillary distance, inter-commissural width, inter-alar width, and the width of maxillary anterior teeth in Aryans and Mongoloids
Identifieur interne : 000613 ( Pmc/Curation ); précédent : 000612; suivant : 000614A comparative study to find out the relationship between the inner inter-canthal distance, interpupillary distance, inter-commissural width, inter-alar width, and the width of maxillary anterior teeth in Aryans and Mongoloids
Auteurs : Meena Kumari Mishra [Népal] ; Raj Kumar Singh [Népal] ; Pramita Suwal [Népal] ; Prakash Kumar Parajuli [Népal] ; Pragya Shrestha [Népal] ; Dharanidhar Baral [Népal]Source :
- Clinical, Cosmetic and Investigational Dentistry [ 1179-1357 ] ; 2016.
Abstract
One of the most confusing and difficult aspects of complete denture prosthodontics is the selection of appropriately sized maxillary anterior denture teeth. Various guidelines have been suggested for determining the size of anterior teeth, but different opinions have been reported regarding their significance. In the study reported here, the relationships between facial measurements and the width of maxillary anterior teeth in two ethnic groups, namely Aryans and Mongoloids, were determined.
The aims of the study were to determine the inner inter-canthal distance (ICAD), inter-pupillary distance (IPD), inter-commissural width (ICOW), inter-alar width (IAW), and the combined width of maxillary anterior teeth (CW) in Aryans and Mongoloids and to determine the relationships between these measurements.
Impressions of the teeth of 170 dentulous subjects (85 males and 85 females) were made with alginate then Type IV gypsum product was poured in. Measurements of the cast maxillary anterior teeth at their widest dimension (contact areas) were made with the Boley gauge. ICAD, IPD, ICOW, and IAW distances were also measured with a Boley gauge.
For all 170 subjects, 85 Aryans and 85 Mongoloids, Pearson’s correlation coefficient (
Within the limitations of this study, the results suggest that the IAW, IPD, and ICOW for Aryans and IPD for Mongoloids can be used as a preliminary method for determining the width of the maxillary anterior teeth in edentulous patients.
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DOI: 10.2147/CCIDE.S87837
PubMed: 26955292
PubMed Central: 4772945
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<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">A comparative study to find out the relationship between the inner inter-canthal distance, interpupillary distance, inter-commissural width, inter-alar width, and the width of maxillary anterior teeth in Aryans and Mongoloids</title><author><name sortKey="Mishra, Meena Kumari" sort="Mishra, Meena Kumari" uniqKey="Mishra M" first="Meena Kumari" last="Mishra">Meena Kumari Mishra</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af1-ccide-8-029">Department of Prosthodontics, BP Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Népal</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Prosthodontics, BP Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Singh, Raj Kumar" sort="Singh, Raj Kumar" uniqKey="Singh R" first="Raj Kumar" last="Singh">Raj Kumar Singh</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af1-ccide-8-029">Department of Prosthodontics, BP Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Népal</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Prosthodontics, BP Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Suwal, Pramita" sort="Suwal, Pramita" uniqKey="Suwal P" first="Pramita" last="Suwal">Pramita Suwal</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af1-ccide-8-029">Department of Prosthodontics, BP Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Népal</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Prosthodontics, BP Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Parajuli, Prakash Kumar" sort="Parajuli, Prakash Kumar" uniqKey="Parajuli P" first="Prakash Kumar" last="Parajuli">Prakash Kumar Parajuli</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af1-ccide-8-029">Department of Prosthodontics, BP Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Népal</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Prosthodontics, BP Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Shrestha, Pragya" sort="Shrestha, Pragya" uniqKey="Shrestha P" first="Pragya" last="Shrestha">Pragya Shrestha</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af1-ccide-8-029">Department of Prosthodontics, BP Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Népal</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Prosthodontics, BP Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Baral, Dharanidhar" sort="Baral, Dharanidhar" uniqKey="Baral D" first="Dharanidhar" last="Baral">Dharanidhar Baral</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af1-ccide-8-029">Department of Prosthodontics, BP Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Népal</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Prosthodontics, BP Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno><idno type="pmid">26955292</idno><idno type="pmc">4772945</idno><idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4772945</idno><idno type="RBID">PMC:4772945</idno><idno type="doi">10.2147/CCIDE.S87837</idno><date when="2016">2016</date><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Corpus">000613</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PMC">000613</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Curation">000613</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Curation">000613</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">A comparative study to find out the relationship between the inner inter-canthal distance, interpupillary distance, inter-commissural width, inter-alar width, and the width of maxillary anterior teeth in Aryans and Mongoloids</title><author><name sortKey="Mishra, Meena Kumari" sort="Mishra, Meena Kumari" uniqKey="Mishra M" first="Meena Kumari" last="Mishra">Meena Kumari Mishra</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af1-ccide-8-029">Department of Prosthodontics, BP Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Népal</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Prosthodontics, BP Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Singh, Raj Kumar" sort="Singh, Raj Kumar" uniqKey="Singh R" first="Raj Kumar" last="Singh">Raj Kumar Singh</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af1-ccide-8-029">Department of Prosthodontics, BP Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Népal</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Prosthodontics, BP Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Suwal, Pramita" sort="Suwal, Pramita" uniqKey="Suwal P" first="Pramita" last="Suwal">Pramita Suwal</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af1-ccide-8-029">Department of Prosthodontics, BP Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Népal</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Prosthodontics, BP Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Parajuli, Prakash Kumar" sort="Parajuli, Prakash Kumar" uniqKey="Parajuli P" first="Prakash Kumar" last="Parajuli">Prakash Kumar Parajuli</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af1-ccide-8-029">Department of Prosthodontics, BP Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Népal</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Prosthodontics, BP Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Shrestha, Pragya" sort="Shrestha, Pragya" uniqKey="Shrestha P" first="Pragya" last="Shrestha">Pragya Shrestha</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af1-ccide-8-029">Department of Prosthodontics, BP Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Népal</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Prosthodontics, BP Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Baral, Dharanidhar" sort="Baral, Dharanidhar" uniqKey="Baral D" first="Dharanidhar" last="Baral">Dharanidhar Baral</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af1-ccide-8-029">Department of Prosthodontics, BP Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Népal</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Prosthodontics, BP Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Clinical, Cosmetic and Investigational Dentistry</title><idno type="eISSN">1179-1357</idno><imprint><date when="2016">2016</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Background</title><p>One of the most confusing and difficult aspects of complete denture prosthodontics is the selection of appropriately sized maxillary anterior denture teeth. Various guidelines have been suggested for determining the size of anterior teeth, but different opinions have been reported regarding their significance. In the study reported here, the relationships between facial measurements and the width of maxillary anterior teeth in two ethnic groups, namely Aryans and Mongoloids, were determined.</p></sec><sec><title>Objective</title><p>The aims of the study were to determine the inner inter-canthal distance (ICAD), inter-pupillary distance (IPD), inter-commissural width (ICOW), inter-alar width (IAW), and the combined width of maxillary anterior teeth (CW) in Aryans and Mongoloids and to determine the relationships between these measurements.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Impressions of the teeth of 170 dentulous subjects (85 males and 85 females) were made with alginate then Type IV gypsum product was poured in. Measurements of the cast maxillary anterior teeth at their widest dimension (contact areas) were made with the Boley gauge. ICAD, IPD, ICOW, and IAW distances were also measured with a Boley gauge.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>For all 170 subjects, 85 Aryans and 85 Mongoloids, Pearson’s correlation coefficient (<italic>r</italic>) for IAW, IPD, ICOW, ICAD, and CW was calculated. In Aryans, highly significant (<italic>P</italic><0.001) but weak correlations were found between CW and IAW, IPD, and ICOW. In Mongoloids, a highly significant (<italic>P</italic><0.001) and weak correlation was found only between CW and IPD.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Within the limitations of this study, the results suggest that the IAW, IPD, and ICOW for Aryans and IPD for Mongoloids can be used as a preliminary method for determining the width of the maxillary anterior teeth in edentulous patients.</p></sec></div></front><back><div1 type="bibliography"><listBibl><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Pantha, R" uniqKey="Pantha R">R Pantha</name></author><author><name sortKey="Sharma, B" uniqKey="Sharma B">B Sharma</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Hoffman, W" uniqKey="Hoffman W">W Hoffman</name></author><author><name sortKey="Bomberg, Tj" uniqKey="Bomberg T">TJ Bomberg</name></author><author><name sortKey="Hatch, Ra" uniqKey="Hatch R">RA Hatch</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Varjao, 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sortKey="Al Wazzan, Ka" uniqKey="Al Wazzan K">KA Al Wazzan</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Kern, Be" uniqKey="Kern B">BE Kern</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Abdullah, Ma" uniqKey="Abdullah M">MA Abdullah</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Mcarthur, Dr" uniqKey="Mcarthur D">DR McArthur</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Winkler, S" uniqKey="Winkler S">S Winkler</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Al Ali, Ka" uniqKey="Al Ali K">KA Al Ali</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Albino, Je" uniqKey="Albino J">JE Albino</name></author><author><name sortKey="Tedesco, La" uniqKey="Tedesco L">LA Tedesco</name></author><author><name sortKey="Conny, Dj" uniqKey="Conny D">DJ Conny</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Ellakwa, A" uniqKey="Ellakwa A">A Ellakwa</name></author><author><name sortKey="Mcnamara, K" uniqKey="Mcnamara K">K McNamara</name></author><author><name sortKey="Sandhu, J" uniqKey="Sandhu J">J Sandhu</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Patel, Jr" uniqKey="Patel J">JR Patel</name></author><author><name sortKey="Sethuraman, R" uniqKey="Sethuraman R">R Sethuraman</name></author><author><name sortKey="Naveen, Yg" uniqKey="Naveen Y">YG Naveen</name></author><author><name sortKey="Shah, Mh" uniqKey="Shah M">MH Shah</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Wazzan, Ka" uniqKey="Wazzan K">KA Wazzan</name></author><author><name sortKey="Haidan, A" uniqKey="Haidan A">A Haidan</name></author><author><name sortKey="Madi, E" uniqKey="Madi E">E Madi</name></author><author><name sortKey="Mufarj, Aa" uniqKey="Mufarj A">AA Mufarj</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Scandrett, Fr" uniqKey="Scandrett F">FR Scandrett</name></author><author><name sortKey="Kerber, Pe" uniqKey="Kerber P">PE Kerber</name></author><author><name sortKey="Umrigar, Zr" uniqKey="Umrigar Z">ZR Umrigar</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Sinavarat, P" uniqKey="Sinavarat P">P Sinavarat</name></author><author><name sortKey="Anunmana, C" uniqKey="Anunmana C">C Anunmana</name></author><author><name sortKey="Hossain, S" uniqKey="Hossain S">S Hossain</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Hussain, Mw" uniqKey="Hussain M">MW Hussain</name></author><author><name sortKey="Qamar, K" uniqKey="Qamar K">K Qamar</name></author><author><name sortKey="Naeem, S" uniqKey="Naeem S">S Naeem</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Gomes, Vl" uniqKey="Gomes V">VL 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<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Clin Cosmet Investig Dent</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">Clin Cosmet Investig Dent</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Clinical, Cosmetic and Investigational Dentistry</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title>Clinical, Cosmetic and Investigational Dentistry</journal-title></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">1179-1357</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Dove Medical Press</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">26955292</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="pmc">4772945</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.2147/CCIDE.S87837</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">ccide-8-029</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Original Research</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>A comparative study to find out the relationship between the inner inter-canthal distance, interpupillary distance, inter-commissural width, inter-alar width, and the width of maxillary anterior teeth in Aryans and Mongoloids</article-title></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Mishra</surname><given-names>Meena Kumari</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="af1-ccide-8-029"></xref><xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c1-ccide-8-029"></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Singh</surname><given-names>Raj Kumar</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="af1-ccide-8-029"></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Suwal</surname><given-names>Pramita</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="af1-ccide-8-029"></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Parajuli</surname><given-names>Prakash Kumar</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="af1-ccide-8-029"></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Shrestha</surname><given-names>Pragya</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="af1-ccide-8-029"></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Baral</surname><given-names>Dharanidhar</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="af1-ccide-8-029"></xref></contrib></contrib-group><aff id="af1-ccide-8-029">Department of Prosthodontics, BP Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal</aff><author-notes><corresp id="c1-ccide-8-029">Correspondence: Meena Kumari Mishra, Department of Prosthodontics, BP Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, PO Box 7053, Dharan, Nepal, Tel +977 984 2043 884, Email <email>drmeenamishra400@gmail.com</email></corresp></author-notes><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2016</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>22</day><month>2</month><year>2016</year></pub-date><volume>8</volume><fpage>29</fpage><lpage>34</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>© 2016 Mishra et al. This work is published by Dove Medical Press Limited, and licensed under Creative Commons Attribution – Non Commercial (unported, v3.0) License</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2016</copyright-year><license><license-p>The full terms of the License are available at <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/">http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/</ext-link>. Non-commercial uses of the work are permitted without any further permission from Dove Medical Press Limited, provided the work is properly attributed.</license-p></license></permissions><abstract><sec><title>Background</title><p>One of the most confusing and difficult aspects of complete denture prosthodontics is the selection of appropriately sized maxillary anterior denture teeth. Various guidelines have been suggested for determining the size of anterior teeth, but different opinions have been reported regarding their significance. In the study reported here, the relationships between facial measurements and the width of maxillary anterior teeth in two ethnic groups, namely Aryans and Mongoloids, were determined.</p></sec><sec><title>Objective</title><p>The aims of the study were to determine the inner inter-canthal distance (ICAD), inter-pupillary distance (IPD), inter-commissural width (ICOW), inter-alar width (IAW), and the combined width of maxillary anterior teeth (CW) in Aryans and Mongoloids and to determine the relationships between these measurements.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Impressions of the teeth of 170 dentulous subjects (85 males and 85 females) were made with alginate then Type IV gypsum product was poured in. Measurements of the cast maxillary anterior teeth at their widest dimension (contact areas) were made with the Boley gauge. ICAD, IPD, ICOW, and IAW distances were also measured with a Boley gauge.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>For all 170 subjects, 85 Aryans and 85 Mongoloids, Pearson’s correlation coefficient (<italic>r</italic>) for IAW, IPD, ICOW, ICAD, and CW was calculated. In Aryans, highly significant (<italic>P</italic><0.001) but weak correlations were found between CW and IAW, IPD, and ICOW. In Mongoloids, a highly significant (<italic>P</italic><0.001) and weak correlation was found only between CW and IPD.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Within the limitations of this study, the results suggest that the IAW, IPD, and ICOW for Aryans and IPD for Mongoloids can be used as a preliminary method for determining the width of the maxillary anterior teeth in edentulous patients.</p></sec></abstract><kwd-group><title>Keywords</title><kwd>maxillary anterior denture teeth</kwd><kwd>facial measurements</kwd><kwd>maxillary anterior teeth width</kwd><kwd>Nepal</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><floats-group><fig id="f1-ccide-8-029" position="float"><label>Figure 1</label><caption><p>Measurement of mesiodistal width of central incisor.</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="ccide-8-029Fig1"></graphic></fig><fig id="f2-ccide-8-029" position="float"><label>Figure 2</label><caption><p>Measurement of inter-alar width.</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="ccide-8-029Fig2"></graphic></fig><fig id="f3-ccide-8-029" position="float"><label>Figure 3</label><caption><p>Measurement of interpupillary distance.</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="ccide-8-029Fig3"></graphic></fig><fig id="f4-ccide-8-029" position="float"><label>Figure 4</label><caption><p>Measurement of inter-commissural width.</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="ccide-8-029Fig4"></graphic></fig><fig id="f5-ccide-8-029" position="float"><label>Figure 5</label><caption><p>Measurement of inner inter-canthal distance.</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="ccide-8-029Fig5"></graphic></fig><table-wrap id="t1-ccide-8-029" position="float"><label>Table 1</label><caption><p>Group statistics of CW, IAW, IPD, ICOW, and ICAD, comparing ethnicities</p></caption><table frame="hsides" rules="groups"><thead><tr><th valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Ethnicity</th><th valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">N</th><th valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Mean ± SD</th><th valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Minimum–maximum</th><th valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>P</italic>-value</th><th valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Remark</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td colspan="6" valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1">CW</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Aryan</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">85</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">46.95±3.37</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">41.00–53.50</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.010</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Significant</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Mongoloids</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">85</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">45.54±3.62</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">37.50–56.00</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="6" valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1">IAW</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Aryan</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">85</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">40.56±5.16</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">32.50–60.50</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><0.001</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Significant</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Mongoloids</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">85</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">37.41±4.83</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">21.00–48.00</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="6" valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1">IPD</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Aryan</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">85</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">61.92±5.85</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">46.00–75.00</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><0.001</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Significant</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Mongoloids</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">85</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">57.50±7.23</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">39.00–72.00</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="6" valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1">ICOW</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Aryan</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">85</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">50.76±6.34</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">30.00–61.10</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><0.001</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Significant</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Mongoloids</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">85</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">45.82±7.96</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">30.00–63.00</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="6" valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1">ICAD</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Aryan</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">85</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">34.12±5.10</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">24.00–56.00</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.370</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Not significant</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Mongoloids</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">85</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">33.49±3.95</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">22.00–43.00</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr></tbody></table><table-wrap-foot><fn id="tfn1-ccide-8-029"><p><bold>Note:</bold><italic>P</italic>-value significant at ≤0.05 level.</p></fn><fn id="tfn2-ccide-8-029"><p><bold>Abbreviations:</bold> CW, combined width of maxillary anterior teeth; IAW, inter-alar width; ICAD, inter-canthal distance; ICOW, inter-commissural width; IPD, interpupillary distance; SD, standard deviation.</p></fn></table-wrap-foot></table-wrap><table-wrap id="t2-ccide-8-029" position="float"><label>Table 2</label><caption><p>Correlation matrix for combined width of maxillary anterior teeth (CW) with inter-alar width (IAW), interpupillary distance (IPD), inter-commissural width (ICOW), and inter-canthal distance (ICAD) in total population</p></caption><table frame="hsides" rules="groups"><thead><tr><th rowspan="2" valign="top" align="left" colspan="1">Variable</th><th colspan="5" valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1">Pearson’s correlation coefficient value (<italic>P</italic>-value)
<hr></hr></th></tr><tr><th valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">CW</th><th valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">IAW</th><th valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">IPD</th><th valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">ICOW</th><th valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">ICAD</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">CW</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">IAW</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−0.201</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">(0.009)</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">IPD</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.439</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−0.033</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">(<0.001)</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">(0.669)</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">ICOW</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.004</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.294</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.252</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">(0.958)</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">(0.000)</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">(0.001)</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">ICAD</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.146</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.170</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.018</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−0.047</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">(0.057)</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">(0.027)</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">(0.819)</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">(0.544)</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr></tbody></table><table-wrap-foot><fn id="tfn3-ccide-8-029"><p><bold>Note:</bold><italic>P</italic>-value significant at ≤0.05 level.</p></fn></table-wrap-foot></table-wrap><table-wrap id="t3-ccide-8-029" position="float"><label>Table 3</label><caption><p>Correlation matrix for combined width of maxillary anterior teeth (CW) with inter-alar width (IAW), interpupillary distance (IPD), inter-commissural width (ICOW), and inter-canthal distance (ICAD) in Aryans</p></caption><table frame="hsides" rules="groups"><thead><tr><th rowspan="2" valign="top" align="left" colspan="1">Variable</th><th colspan="5" valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1">Pearson’s correlation coefficient value (<italic>P</italic>-value)
<hr></hr></th></tr><tr><th valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">CW</th><th valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">IAW</th><th valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">IPD</th><th valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">ICOW</th><th valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">ICAD</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">CW</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">IAW</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−0.342</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">(<0.001)</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">IPD</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−0.380</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−0.119</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">(<0.001)</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">(0.276)</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">ICOW</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−0.337</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.411</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−0.356</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">(0.002)</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">(<0.001)</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">(<0.001)</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">ICAD</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.071</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.087</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−0.116</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−0.104</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">(0.518)</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">(0.431)</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">(0.291)</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">(0.342)</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr></tbody></table><table-wrap-foot><fn id="tfn4-ccide-8-029"><p><bold>Note:</bold><italic>P</italic>-value significant at ≤0.05 level.</p></fn></table-wrap-foot></table-wrap><table-wrap id="t4-ccide-8-029" position="float"><label>Table 4</label><caption><p>Correlation matrix for combined width of maxillary anterior teeth (CW) with inter-alar width (IAW), interpupillary distance (IPD), inter-commissural width (ICOW), and inter-canthal distance (ICAD) in Mongoloids</p></caption><table frame="hsides" rules="groups"><thead><tr><th rowspan="2" valign="top" align="left" colspan="1">Variable</th><th colspan="5" valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1">Pearson’s correlation coefficient value (<italic>P</italic>-value)
<hr></hr></th></tr><tr><th valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">CW</th><th valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">IAW</th><th valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">IPD</th><th valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">ICOW</th><th valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">ICAD</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">CW</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">IAW</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−0.217</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">(0.046)</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">IPD</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.425</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−0.167</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">(<0.001)</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">(0.127)</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">ICOW</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.136</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.056</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.501</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">(0.213)</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">(0.612)</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">(<0.001)</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">ICAD</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.218</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.256</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.111</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−0.046</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">(0.045)</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">(0.612)</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">(0.312)</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">(0.673)</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr></tbody></table><table-wrap-foot><fn id="tfn5-ccide-8-029"><p><bold>Note:</bold><italic>P</italic>-value significant at ≤0.05 level.</p></fn></table-wrap-foot></table-wrap></floats-group></pmc></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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