Exploring motivations to seek and undergo prosthodontic care: a cross-sectional study in a Brazilian adult sample
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Auteurs : Antonio Hélio Vieira [Brésil] ; Donizete Castro E Silva [Brésil] ; Túlio Eduardo Nogueira [Brésil] ; Cláudio Rodrigues Leles [Brésil]Source :
- Patient preference and adherence [ 1177-889X ] ; 2015.
Abstract
This study explored the influence of individual and social factors regarding intentions and behaviors related to prosthodontic treatment, using the theory of planned behavior (TPB). A cross-sectional study was designed with a sample of 225 individuals with some degree of tooth loss. A questionnaire was used containing factors that would have potential influence on the intentions and behaviors of individuals, as well as clinical and sociodemographic data. Descriptive statistics, internal consistency analysis, chi-square test for trend, and logistic regression were used for data analysis. The TPB components – attitude toward the behavior (ATB), subjective norm (SN), and perceived behavioral control (PBC) – showed good internal consistency (alpha = 0.60–0.78). Intention and behavior were associated with TPB components and the overall scale. Similarly, positive intentions and behaviors were associated with age, upper tooth loss, anterior tooth loss, and higher social status. Multiple logistic regression showed that intention was associated with PBC (OR =1.57;
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DOI: 10.2147/PPA.S81645
PubMed: 26124647
PubMed Central: 4476470
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<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Exploring motivations to seek and undergo prosthodontic care: a cross-sectional study in a Brazilian adult sample</title><author><name sortKey="Vieira, Antonio Helio" sort="Vieira, Antonio Helio" uniqKey="Vieira A" first="Antonio Hélio" last="Vieira">Antonio Hélio Vieira</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af1-ppa-9-803">Department of Prevention and Oral Rehabilitation, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Brésil</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Prevention and Oral Rehabilitation, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="E Silva, Donizete Castro" sort="E Silva, Donizete Castro" uniqKey="E Silva D" first="Donizete Castro" last="E Silva">Donizete Castro E Silva</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af1-ppa-9-803">Department of Prevention and Oral Rehabilitation, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Brésil</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Prevention and Oral Rehabilitation, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Nogueira, Tulio Eduardo" sort="Nogueira, Tulio Eduardo" uniqKey="Nogueira T" first="Túlio Eduardo" last="Nogueira">Túlio Eduardo Nogueira</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af1-ppa-9-803">Department of Prevention and Oral Rehabilitation, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Brésil</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Prevention and Oral Rehabilitation, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Leles, Claudio Rodrigues" sort="Leles, Claudio Rodrigues" uniqKey="Leles C" first="Cláudio Rodrigues" last="Leles">Cláudio Rodrigues Leles</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af1-ppa-9-803">Department of Prevention and Oral Rehabilitation, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Brésil</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Prevention and Oral Rehabilitation, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno><idno type="pmid">26124647</idno><idno type="pmc">4476470</idno><idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4476470</idno><idno type="RBID">PMC:4476470</idno><idno type="doi">10.2147/PPA.S81645</idno><date when="2015">2015</date><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Corpus">000436</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PMC">000436</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Curation">000436</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Curation">000436</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">Exploring motivations to seek and undergo prosthodontic care: a cross-sectional study in a Brazilian adult sample</title><author><name sortKey="Vieira, Antonio Helio" sort="Vieira, Antonio Helio" uniqKey="Vieira A" first="Antonio Hélio" last="Vieira">Antonio Hélio Vieira</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af1-ppa-9-803">Department of Prevention and Oral Rehabilitation, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Brésil</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Prevention and Oral Rehabilitation, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="E Silva, Donizete Castro" sort="E Silva, Donizete Castro" uniqKey="E Silva D" first="Donizete Castro" last="E Silva">Donizete Castro E Silva</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af1-ppa-9-803">Department of Prevention and Oral Rehabilitation, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Brésil</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Prevention and Oral Rehabilitation, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Nogueira, Tulio Eduardo" sort="Nogueira, Tulio Eduardo" uniqKey="Nogueira T" first="Túlio Eduardo" last="Nogueira">Túlio Eduardo Nogueira</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af1-ppa-9-803">Department of Prevention and Oral Rehabilitation, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Brésil</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Prevention and Oral Rehabilitation, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Leles, Claudio Rodrigues" sort="Leles, Claudio Rodrigues" uniqKey="Leles C" first="Cláudio Rodrigues" last="Leles">Cláudio Rodrigues Leles</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af1-ppa-9-803">Department of Prevention and Oral Rehabilitation, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Brésil</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Prevention and Oral Rehabilitation, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Patient preference and adherence</title><idno type="eISSN">1177-889X</idno><imprint><date when="2015">2015</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p>This study explored the influence of individual and social factors regarding intentions and behaviors related to prosthodontic treatment, using the theory of planned behavior (TPB). A cross-sectional study was designed with a sample of 225 individuals with some degree of tooth loss. A questionnaire was used containing factors that would have potential influence on the intentions and behaviors of individuals, as well as clinical and sociodemographic data. Descriptive statistics, internal consistency analysis, chi-square test for trend, and logistic regression were used for data analysis. The TPB components – attitude toward the behavior (ATB), subjective norm (SN), and perceived behavioral control (PBC) – showed good internal consistency (alpha = 0.60–0.78). Intention and behavior were associated with TPB components and the overall scale. Similarly, positive intentions and behaviors were associated with age, upper tooth loss, anterior tooth loss, and higher social status. Multiple logistic regression showed that intention was associated with PBC (OR =1.57; <italic>P</italic><0.016), while behavior was associated with tooth loss in both arches (OR =9.3; <italic>P</italic><0.001), anterior tooth loss (OR =5.13; <italic>P</italic><0.001), higher social status (OR =3.06; <italic>P</italic><0.03), and PBC (OR =1.38; <italic>P</italic>=0.03). The presence of anterior tooth loss was the most relevant factor for prosthodontic treatment demand and utilization, while socioeconomic status and an individual’s perceived ease or difficulty in undergoing treatment played a significant, but secondary, role in behavior toward prosthodontic care.</p></div></front><back><div1 type="bibliography"><listBibl><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Wu, B" uniqKey="Wu B">B Wu</name></author><author><name sortKey="Liang, J" uniqKey="Liang J">J Liang</name></author><author><name sortKey="Plassman, Bl" uniqKey="Plassman B">BL Plassman</name></author><author><name sortKey="Remle, C" uniqKey="Remle C">C Remle</name></author><author><name sortKey="Luo, X" uniqKey="Luo X">X Luo</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Narby, B" uniqKey="Narby B">B Narby</name></author><author><name sortKey="Kronstrom, M" uniqKey="Kronstrom M">M Kronström</name></author><author><name sortKey="Soderfeldt, B" 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<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Patient Prefer Adherence</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">Patient Prefer Adherence</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title>Patient preference and adherence</journal-title></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">1177-889X</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Dove Medical Press</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">26124647</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="pmc">4476470</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.2147/PPA.S81645</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">ppa-9-803</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Original Research</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Exploring motivations to seek and undergo prosthodontic care: a cross-sectional study in a Brazilian adult sample</article-title></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Vieira</surname><given-names>Antonio Hélio</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="af1-ppa-9-803"></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>e Silva</surname><given-names>Donizete Castro</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="af1-ppa-9-803"></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Nogueira</surname><given-names>Túlio Eduardo</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="af1-ppa-9-803"></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Leles</surname><given-names>Cláudio Rodrigues</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="af1-ppa-9-803"></xref><xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c1-ppa-9-803"></xref></contrib></contrib-group><aff id="af1-ppa-9-803">Department of Prevention and Oral Rehabilitation, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil</aff><author-notes><corresp id="c1-ppa-9-803">Correspondence: Cláudio Rodrigues Leles, Faculdade de Odontologia, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Praça Universitária, s/n, Setor Universitário, Goiânia, Goiás, CEP 74.605-220, Brazil, Tel +55 62 3209 6052, Fax +55 62 3209 6051, Email <email>claudio_leles@ufg.br</email></corresp></author-notes><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2015</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>18</day><month>6</month><year>2015</year></pub-date><volume>9</volume><fpage>803</fpage><lpage>809</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>© 2015 Vieira et al. This work is published by Dove Medical Press Limited, and licensed under Creative Commons Attribution – Non Commercial (unported, v3.0) License</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2015</copyright-year><license><license-p>The full terms of the License are available at <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/">http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/</ext-link>. Non-commercial uses of the work are permitted without any further permission from Dove Medical Press Limited, provided the work is properly attributed.</license-p></license></permissions><abstract><p>This study explored the influence of individual and social factors regarding intentions and behaviors related to prosthodontic treatment, using the theory of planned behavior (TPB). A cross-sectional study was designed with a sample of 225 individuals with some degree of tooth loss. A questionnaire was used containing factors that would have potential influence on the intentions and behaviors of individuals, as well as clinical and sociodemographic data. Descriptive statistics, internal consistency analysis, chi-square test for trend, and logistic regression were used for data analysis. The TPB components – attitude toward the behavior (ATB), subjective norm (SN), and perceived behavioral control (PBC) – showed good internal consistency (alpha = 0.60–0.78). Intention and behavior were associated with TPB components and the overall scale. Similarly, positive intentions and behaviors were associated with age, upper tooth loss, anterior tooth loss, and higher social status. Multiple logistic regression showed that intention was associated with PBC (OR =1.57; <italic>P</italic><0.016), while behavior was associated with tooth loss in both arches (OR =9.3; <italic>P</italic><0.001), anterior tooth loss (OR =5.13; <italic>P</italic><0.001), higher social status (OR =3.06; <italic>P</italic><0.03), and PBC (OR =1.38; <italic>P</italic>=0.03). The presence of anterior tooth loss was the most relevant factor for prosthodontic treatment demand and utilization, while socioeconomic status and an individual’s perceived ease or difficulty in undergoing treatment played a significant, but secondary, role in behavior toward prosthodontic care.</p></abstract><kwd-group><title>Keywords</title><kwd>edentulous patient</kwd><kwd>attitude to health</kwd><kwd>health services and demand</kwd><kwd>behavior</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><floats-group><fig id="f1-ppa-9-803" position="float"><label>Figure 1</label><caption><p>Conceptual framework of the theory of planned behavior.</p><p><bold>Notes:</bold> Adapted from <italic>Organ Behav Hum Decis Process</italic>, Volume 50(2), Ajzen I, The Theory of Planned Behavior, Pages 179–211, Copyright 1991, with permission from Elsevier. The components of the theory of planned behavior concept are defined as follows: (<bold>1</bold>) ATB: an individual’s positive or negative evaluation of self-performance of the particular behavior; (<bold>2</bold>) SN: an individual’s perception of social normative pressures or relevant others’ beliefs that he or she should or should not perform such behavior; (<bold>3</bold>) PBC: an individual’s perceived ease or difficulty in performing the particular behavior, determined by the total set of accessible control beliefs; (<bold>4</bold>) intention: an indication of an individual’s readiness to perform a given behavior based on ATB, SN, and PBC, with each predictor weighted for its importance in relation to the behavior and population of interest; and (<bold>5</bold>) behavior: an individual’s observable response in a given situation with respect to a given target.</p><p><bold>Abbreviations:</bold> ATB, attitude toward the behavior; SN, subjective norm; PBC, perceived behavioral control.</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="ppa-9-803Fig1"></graphic></fig><fig id="f2-ppa-9-803" position="float"><label>Figure 2</label><caption><p>cumulative frequency distribution of the scores of scales: ATB, SN, and PBC.</p><p><bold>Abbreviations:</bold> ATB, attitude toward the behavior; SN, subjective norm; PBC, perceived behavioral control.</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="ppa-9-803Fig2"></graphic></fig><table-wrap id="t1-ppa-9-803" position="float"><label>Table 1</label><caption><p>Categories and items used for questionnaire construction, using the components of the TPB construct to explore opinions and attitudes toward prosthodontic treatment</p></caption><table frame="hsides" rules="groups"><thead><tr><th valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></th><th valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Category</th><th valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Scale items</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td rowspan="9" valign="top" align="left" colspan="1">ATB</td><td rowspan="2" valign="top" align="left" colspan="1">1. Consequences of no treatment</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1a. I’m afraid that if I do not get treated, my dental problems will get worse in the future</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1b. Any tooth loss demands immediate prosthetic reposition to prevent problems in the future</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2/3. Perceived potential benefits/risks</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2/3a. Benefits of prosthodontic treatment are greater than potential risks to health</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="2" valign="top" align="left" colspan="1">4. Dental anxiety</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">4a. I avoid undergoing dental treatment because I’m afraid that a problem will occur during treatment</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">4b. I am scared of dentists</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="2" valign="top" align="left" colspan="1">5. Previous experiences</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5a. I have always had good experiences with dentists</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5b. Bad experiences make me postpone looking for a dentist when I have a problem with my teeth</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="2" valign="top" align="left" colspan="1">6. Interpersonal interaction</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">6a. It is essential that I have a good relationship with the dentist to start a treatment</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">6b. The affability of the dental team is very important when I decide to be treated by a dentist</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="9" valign="top" align="left" colspan="1">SN</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1. Opinion of others</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1a. Good references about a professional motivate me to seek treatment with him/her</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2. Marketing</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="4" valign="top" align="left" colspan="1">3. Normative need</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3a. Any tooth loss demands immediate prosthetic reposition</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3b. When I have to decide about treatment the opinion that I value most is from my dentist</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3c. If my dentist tells me that I have a dental problem, I would seek treatment as soon as possible</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3d. I always try to follow the recommendations of my dentist</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="2" valign="top" align="left" colspan="1">4. Professional skills</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">4a. The quality I value most in my dentist is his/her abilities and technical qualifications</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">4b. I prefer to be treated by a specialist rather than a general practitioner</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5. Overall quality of care</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5a. I would return to a prosthodontist if I had positive outcomes in previous treatments</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="8" valign="top" align="left" colspan="1">PBC</td><td rowspan="3" valign="top" align="left" colspan="1">1. Time availability/opportunity</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1a. If I have no time, I delay dental treatment even if I feel that I need it</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1b. I try to get treatment as soon as possible, even if treatment is not urgently needed</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1c. When I perceive any dental need, I look for a dentist as soon as possible</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="2" valign="top" align="left" colspan="1">2. Costs</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2a. If I don’t have enough money, I postpone treatment even if I feel I need it</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2b. I would make every financial effort to have a prosthodontic treatment if I needed it</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3. Subject’s perceived need</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="2" valign="top" align="left" colspan="1">4. Accessibility</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">4a. I don’t look for prosthodontic treatment because it is not covered by the public health system</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">4b. If I have a good dentist, I don’t mind if it’s hard for me to get there</td></tr></tbody></table><table-wrap-foot><fn id="tfn1-ppa-9-803"><p><bold>Abbreviations:</bold> TPB, theory of planned behavior; ATB, attitude toward the behavior; SN, subjective norm; PBC, perceived behavioral control.</p></fn></table-wrap-foot></table-wrap><table-wrap id="t2-ppa-9-803" position="float"><label>Table 2</label><caption><p>Distribution of sociodemographic and clinical variables according to the occurrence of previous prosthodontic treatment</p></caption><table frame="hsides" rules="groups"><thead><tr><th rowspan="2" valign="top" align="left" colspan="1">Variable</th><th rowspan="2" valign="top" align="left" colspan="1">Categories</th><th colspan="4" valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1">Previous treatment (positive behavior) – n (%)
<hr></hr></th></tr><tr><th valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Untreated (104)</th><th valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Treated (121)</th><th valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Total (225)</th><th valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>P</italic>-value</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td rowspan="2" valign="top" align="left" colspan="1">Sex</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Male</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">53</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">55</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">108 (48.0)</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.451</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Female</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">51</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">66</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">117 (52.0)</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="4" valign="top" align="left" colspan="1">Age</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><25 years</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">9</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">6</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">15 (6.7)</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><0.001<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="tfn2-ppa-9-803">*</xref></td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">25–<45 years</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">68</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">50</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">118 (52.4)</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">45–<65 years</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">23</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">54</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">77 (34.2)</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">65 or more</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">4</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">11</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">15 (6.7)</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="4" valign="top" align="left" colspan="1">Socioeconomic status<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="tfn3-ppa-9-803">**</xref></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">A1–A2</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">7</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">8</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">15 (6.7)</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.042<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="tfn2-ppa-9-803">*</xref></td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">B1–B2</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">42</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">67</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">109 (48.7)</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">C1–C2</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">43</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">40</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">83 (37.1)</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">D–E</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">11</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">6</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">17 (7.6)</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="4" valign="top" align="left" colspan="1">Maxillary tooth loss (n=168)</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Posterior only</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">43</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">33</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">76 (45.2)</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><0.001<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="tfn2-ppa-9-803">*</xref></td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Anterior only</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">9</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">12</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">21 (12.5)</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Anterior and posterior</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">48</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">53 (31.5)</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">All teeth</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">18</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">18 (10.7)</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="4" valign="top" align="left" colspan="1">Mandibular tooth loss (n=181)</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Posterior only</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">67</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">68</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">135 (74.6)</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.001<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="tfn2-ppa-9-803">*</xref></td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Anterior only</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">13</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">6</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">19 (10.5)</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Anterior and posterior</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">13</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">16 (8.8)</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">All teeth</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">11</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">11 (6.1)</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="7" valign="top" align="left" colspan="1">Intention</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Definitely yes</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">81</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">110</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">191 (84.9)</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.101<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="tfn2-ppa-9-803">*</xref></td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Probably yes</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">14</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">7</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">21 (9.3)</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Maybe yes</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">6</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">7 (3.1)</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Neutral</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1 (0.4)</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Maybe not</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2 (0.9)</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Probably not</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2 (0.9)</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Definitely not</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1 (0.4)</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr></tbody></table><table-wrap-foot><fn><p><bold>Note:</bold></p></fn><fn id="tfn2-ppa-9-803"><label>*</label><p>Chi-square for trend. Stratification of the subject’s socioeconomic status was based on the Brazilian government’s classification system that classifies its citizens by socioeconomic level (A1, A2, B1, B2, C1, C2, D, and E), where A1 is the highest level and E the lowest level, based on education and ownership of consumer durable goods.<xref rid="b9-ppa-9-803" ref-type="bibr">9</xref></p></fn><fn id="tfn3-ppa-9-803"><label>**</label><p>Stratification of socioeconomic status (A1, A2, B1, B2, C1, C2, D, and E), where A1 is the highest level and E the lowest level, based on education and ownership of consumer durable goods.<xref rid="b9-ppa-9-803" ref-type="bibr">9</xref></p></fn></table-wrap-foot></table-wrap><table-wrap id="t3-ppa-9-803" position="float"><label>Table 3</label><caption><p>Results of simple logistic regression for the association between intention or behavior (dependent variables) and predictive factors of the TPB</p></caption><table frame="hsides" rules="groups"><thead><tr><th rowspan="2" valign="top" align="left" colspan="1">TPB component</th><th rowspan="2" valign="top" align="left" colspan="1">Mean (SD)</th><th rowspan="2" valign="top" align="left" colspan="1">Min–max</th><th colspan="2" valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1">Intention
<hr></hr></th><th colspan="2" valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1">Behavior
<hr></hr></th></tr><tr><th valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">OR (95% CI)</th><th valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>P</italic>-value</th><th valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">OR (95% CI)</th><th valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>P</italic>-value</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">ATB</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5.5 (0.9)</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3.3–7.0</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.50 (1.01–2.22)</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.013</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.62 (1.21–2.19)</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.001</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">SN</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">6.3 (0.8)</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3.6–7.0</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.90 (1.23–2.94)</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.004</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.66 (1.15–2.38)</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.007</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">PBC</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">4.6 (1.2)</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.9–7.0</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.68 (1.20–2.35)</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.002</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.27 (1.01–1.61)</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.041</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Overall TPB scale</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5.4 (0.7)</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3.8–6.8</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2.34 (1.35–4.05)</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.002</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.88 (1.25–2.82)</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.002</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Upper tooth loss</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2.05 (0.95–4.42)</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.066</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">9.74 (4.45–21.32)</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><0.001</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Anterior tooth loss</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.85 (0.87–3.95)</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.107</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5.85 (3.27–10.48)</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><0.001</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Age</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">42.8 (13.4)</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">18.0–84.0</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.01 (0.98–1.03)</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.712</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.06 (1.03–1.08)</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><0.001</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">SE status</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3.14 (1.27–7.76)</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.013</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2.41 (1.10–5.30)</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.029</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">OHIP score</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">7.9 (9.0)</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0–43.0</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.99 (0.95–1.02)</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.553</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.99 (0.96–1.02)</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.570</td></tr></tbody></table><table-wrap-foot><fn id="tfn4-ppa-9-803"><p><bold>Abbreviations:</bold> TPB, theory of planned behavior; SD, standard deviation; Min–max, minimum – maximum; OR, odds ratio; CI, confidence interval; ATB, attitude toward the behavior; SN, subjective norm; PBC, perceived behavioral control; SE, socioeconomic; OHIP, Oral Health Impact Profile.</p></fn></table-wrap-foot></table-wrap><table-wrap id="t4-ppa-9-803" position="float"><label>Table 4</label><caption><p>Results of multiple logistic regression for factors predicting intention and behavior, including clinical, socioeconomic, and TPB components as independent variables</p></caption><table frame="hsides" rules="groups"><thead><tr><th valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></th><th valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Independent variables</th><th valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Reference category</th><th valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">OR (95% CI)</th><th valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>P</italic>-value</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td rowspan="3" valign="top" align="left" colspan="1">Intention</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">PBC</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.57 (1.09–2.26)</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.016</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">SN</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.58 (0.99–2.51)</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.054</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Anterior tooth loss</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Posterior tooth loss</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2.05 (0.93–4.52)</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.075</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="5" valign="top" align="left" colspan="1">Behavior</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Upper and lower tooth loss</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Lower tooth loss</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">9.30 (3.91–22.1)</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><0.001</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Upper tooth loss</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Lower tooth loss</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">6.15 (2.24–16.9)</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><0.001</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Anterior tooth loss</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Posterior tooth loss</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5.13 (2.57–10.2)</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><0.001</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Upper socioeconomic status</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Lower SE status</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3.06 (1.11–8.44)</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.030</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">PBC</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.38 (1.03–1.84)</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.031</td></tr></tbody></table><table-wrap-foot><fn id="tfn5-ppa-9-803"><p><bold>Abbreviations:</bold> TPB, theory of planned behavior; 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HfdIndexSelect -h $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/Pmc/Curation/RBID.i -Sk "pubmed:26124647" \
| HfdSelect -Kh $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/Pmc/Curation/biblio.hfd \
| NlmPubMed2Wicri -a EdenteV2
| This area was generated with Dilib version V0.6.32. |  |