Multi-Generational Drinking of Bottled Low Mineral Water Impairs Bone Quality in Female Rats
Identifieur interne : 000413 ( Pmc/Curation ); précédent : 000412; suivant : 000414Multi-Generational Drinking of Bottled Low Mineral Water Impairs Bone Quality in Female Rats
Auteurs : Zhiqun Qiu [République populaire de Chine] ; Yao Tan [République populaire de Chine] ; Hui Zeng [République populaire de Chine] ; Lingqiao Wang [République populaire de Chine] ; Dahua Wang [République populaire de Chine] ; Jiaohua Luo [République populaire de Chine] ; Liang Zhang [République populaire de Chine] ; Yujing Huang [République populaire de Chine] ; Ji-An Chen [République populaire de Chine] ; Weiqun Shu [République populaire de Chine]Source :
- PLoS ONE [ 1932-6203 ] ; 2015.
Abstract
Because of reproductions and hormone changes, females are more sensitive to bone mineral loss during their lifetime. Bottled water has become more popular in recent years, and a large number of products are low mineral water. However, research on the effects of drinking bottled low mineral water on bone health is sparse.
To elucidate the skeletal effects of multi-generational bottled water drinking in female rats.
Rats continuously drank tap water (TW), bottled natural water (bNW), bottled mineralized water (bMW), or bottled purified water (bPW) for three generations.
The maximum deflection, elastic deflection, and ultimate strain of the femoral diaphysis in the bNW, bMW, and bPW groups and the fracture strain in the bNW and bMW groups were significantly decreased. The tibiae calcium levels in both the bNW and bPW groups were significantly lower than that in the TW group. The tibiae and teeth magnesium levels in both the bNW and bPW groups were significantly lower than those in the TW group. The collagen turnover markers PICP (in both bNW and bPW groups) were significantly lower than that in the TW group. In all three low mineral water groups, the 1,25-dihydroxy-vitamin D levels were significantly lower than those in the TW group.
Long-term drinking of low mineral water may disturb bone metabolism and biochemical properties and therefore weaken biomechanical bone properties in females. Drinking tap water, which contains adequate minerals, was found to be better for bone health. To our knowledge, this is the first report on drinking bottled low mineral water and female bone quality on three generation model.
Url:
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0121995
PubMed: 25803851
PubMed Central: 4372292
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China</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Environmental Hygiene, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zeng, Hui" sort="Zeng, Hui" uniqKey="Zeng H" first="Hui" last="Zeng">Hui Zeng</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff001"><addr-line>Department of Environmental Hygiene, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Environmental Hygiene, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wang, Lingqiao" sort="Wang, Lingqiao" uniqKey="Wang L" first="Lingqiao" last="Wang">Lingqiao Wang</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff001"><addr-line>Department of Environmental Hygiene, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Environmental Hygiene, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wang, Dahua" sort="Wang, Dahua" uniqKey="Wang D" first="Dahua" last="Wang">Dahua Wang</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff001"><addr-line>Department of Environmental Hygiene, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Environmental Hygiene, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Luo, Jiaohua" sort="Luo, Jiaohua" uniqKey="Luo J" first="Jiaohua" last="Luo">Jiaohua Luo</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff001"><addr-line>Department of Environmental Hygiene, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Environmental Hygiene, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zhang, Liang" sort="Zhang, Liang" uniqKey="Zhang L" first="Liang" last="Zhang">Liang Zhang</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff001"><addr-line>Department of Environmental Hygiene, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Environmental Hygiene, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Huang, Yujing" sort="Huang, Yujing" uniqKey="Huang Y" first="Yujing" last="Huang">Yujing Huang</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff001"><addr-line>Department of Environmental Hygiene, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Environmental Hygiene, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Chen, Ji An" sort="Chen, Ji An" uniqKey="Chen J" first="Ji-An" last="Chen">Ji-An Chen</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff002"><addr-line>Department of Health Education, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Health Education, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Shu, Weiqun" sort="Shu, Weiqun" uniqKey="Shu W" first="Weiqun" last="Shu">Weiqun Shu</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff001"><addr-line>Department of Environmental Hygiene, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Environmental Hygiene, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno><idno type="pmid">25803851</idno><idno type="pmc">4372292</idno><idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4372292</idno><idno type="RBID">PMC:4372292</idno><idno type="doi">10.1371/journal.pone.0121995</idno><date when="2015">2015</date><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Corpus">000413</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PMC">000413</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Curation">000413</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Curation">000413</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">Multi-Generational Drinking of Bottled Low Mineral Water Impairs Bone Quality in Female Rats</title><author><name sortKey="Qiu, Zhiqun" sort="Qiu, Zhiqun" uniqKey="Qiu Z" first="Zhiqun" last="Qiu">Zhiqun Qiu</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff001"><addr-line>Department of Environmental Hygiene, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Environmental Hygiene, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tan, Yao" sort="Tan, Yao" uniqKey="Tan Y" first="Yao" last="Tan">Yao Tan</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff001"><addr-line>Department of Environmental Hygiene, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Environmental Hygiene, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zeng, Hui" sort="Zeng, Hui" uniqKey="Zeng H" first="Hui" last="Zeng">Hui Zeng</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff001"><addr-line>Department of Environmental Hygiene, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Environmental Hygiene, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wang, Lingqiao" sort="Wang, Lingqiao" uniqKey="Wang L" first="Lingqiao" last="Wang">Lingqiao Wang</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff001"><addr-line>Department of Environmental Hygiene, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Environmental Hygiene, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wang, Dahua" sort="Wang, Dahua" uniqKey="Wang D" first="Dahua" last="Wang">Dahua Wang</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff001"><addr-line>Department of Environmental Hygiene, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Environmental Hygiene, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Luo, Jiaohua" sort="Luo, Jiaohua" uniqKey="Luo J" first="Jiaohua" last="Luo">Jiaohua Luo</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff001"><addr-line>Department of Environmental Hygiene, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Environmental Hygiene, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zhang, Liang" sort="Zhang, Liang" uniqKey="Zhang L" first="Liang" last="Zhang">Liang Zhang</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff001"><addr-line>Department of Environmental Hygiene, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Environmental Hygiene, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Huang, Yujing" sort="Huang, Yujing" uniqKey="Huang Y" first="Yujing" last="Huang">Yujing Huang</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff001"><addr-line>Department of Environmental Hygiene, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Environmental Hygiene, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Chen, Ji An" sort="Chen, Ji An" uniqKey="Chen J" first="Ji-An" last="Chen">Ji-An Chen</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff002"><addr-line>Department of Health Education, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Health Education, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Shu, Weiqun" sort="Shu, Weiqun" uniqKey="Shu W" first="Weiqun" last="Shu">Weiqun Shu</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff001"><addr-line>Department of Environmental Hygiene, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Environmental Hygiene, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">PLoS ONE</title><idno type="eISSN">1932-6203</idno><imprint><date when="2015">2015</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><sec id="sec001"><title>Background</title><p>Because of reproductions and hormone changes, females are more sensitive to bone mineral loss during their lifetime. Bottled water has become more popular in recent years, and a large number of products are low mineral water. However, research on the effects of drinking bottled low mineral water on bone health is sparse.</p></sec><sec id="sec002"><title>Objective</title><p>To elucidate the skeletal effects of multi-generational bottled water drinking in female rats.</p></sec><sec id="sec003"><title>Methods</title><p>Rats continuously drank tap water (TW), bottled natural water (bNW), bottled mineralized water (bMW), or bottled purified water (bPW) for three generations.</p></sec><sec id="sec004"><title>Results</title><p>The maximum deflection, elastic deflection, and ultimate strain of the femoral diaphysis in the bNW, bMW, and bPW groups and the fracture strain in the bNW and bMW groups were significantly decreased. The tibiae calcium levels in both the bNW and bPW groups were significantly lower than that in the TW group. The tibiae and teeth magnesium levels in both the bNW and bPW groups were significantly lower than those in the TW group. The collagen turnover markers PICP (in both bNW and bPW groups) were significantly lower than that in the TW group. In all three low mineral water groups, the 1,25-dihydroxy-vitamin D levels were significantly lower than those in the TW group.</p></sec><sec id="sec005"><title>Conclusion</title><p>Long-term drinking of low mineral water may disturb bone metabolism and biochemical properties and therefore weaken biomechanical bone properties in females. Drinking tap water, which contains adequate minerals, was found to be better for bone health. To our knowledge, this is the first report on drinking bottled low mineral water and female bone quality on three generation model.</p></sec></div></front><back><div1 type="bibliography"><listBibl><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Saylor, A" uniqKey="Saylor A">A Saylor</name></author><author><name sortKey="Prokopy, Ls" uniqKey="Prokopy L">LS Prokopy</name></author><author><name sortKey="Amberg, S" uniqKey="Amberg S">S Amberg</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Wynn, E" uniqKey="Wynn E">E Wynn</name></author><author><name sortKey="Raetz, E" uniqKey="Raetz E">E Raetz</name></author><author><name sortKey="Burckhardt, P" uniqKey="Burckhardt P">P Burckhardt</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Garzon, P" uniqKey="Garzon P">P Garzon</name></author><author><name sortKey="Eisenberg, Mj" uniqKey="Eisenberg M">MJ 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<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">PLoS One</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">PLoS ONE</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">plos</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="pmc">plosone</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title>PLoS ONE</journal-title></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">1932-6203</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Public Library of Science</publisher-name><publisher-loc>San Francisco, CA USA</publisher-loc></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">25803851</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="pmc">4372292</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1371/journal.pone.0121995</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">PONE-D-14-33176</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Multi-Generational Drinking of Bottled Low Mineral Water Impairs Bone Quality in Female Rats</article-title><alt-title alt-title-type="running-head">Low Mineral Water Impairs Bone Quality</alt-title></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" equal-contrib="yes"><name><surname>Qiu</surname><given-names>Zhiqun</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff001"><sup>1</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" equal-contrib="yes"><name><surname>Tan</surname><given-names>Yao</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff001"><sup>1</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Zeng</surname><given-names>Hui</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff001"><sup>1</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Wang</surname><given-names>Lingqiao</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff001"><sup>1</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Wang</surname><given-names>Dahua</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff001"><sup>1</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Luo</surname><given-names>Jiaohua</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff001"><sup>1</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Zhang</surname><given-names>Liang</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff001"><sup>1</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Huang</surname><given-names>Yujing</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff001"><sup>1</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Chen</surname><given-names>Ji-an</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff002"><sup>2</sup></xref><xref rid="cor001" ref-type="corresp">*</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Shu</surname><given-names>Weiqun</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff001"><sup>1</sup></xref><xref rid="cor001" ref-type="corresp">*</xref></contrib></contrib-group><aff id="aff001"><label>1</label><addr-line>Department of Environmental Hygiene, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff002"><label>2</label><addr-line>Department of Health Education, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China</addr-line></aff><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="editor"><name><surname>Cusi</surname><given-names>Daniele</given-names></name><role>Academic Editor</role><xref ref-type="aff" rid="edit1"></xref></contrib></contrib-group><aff id="edit1"><addr-line>University of Milan, ITALY</addr-line></aff><author-notes><fn fn-type="conflict" id="coi001"><p><bold>Competing Interests: </bold>The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.</p></fn><fn fn-type="con" id="contrib001"><p>Conceived and designed the experiments: ZQQ JAC WQS. Performed the experiments: ZQQ YT HZ LQW DHW. Analyzed the data: ZQQ YT. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: YT JHL LZ YJH. Wrote the paper: ZQQ JAC WQS.</p></fn><corresp id="cor001">* E-mail: <email>cjatmmu@hotmail.com</email> (JAC); <email>xm0630@sina.com</email> (WQS)</corresp></author-notes><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>24</day><month>3</month><year>2015</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2015</year></pub-date><volume>10</volume><issue>3</issue><elocation-id>e0121995</elocation-id><history><date date-type="received"><day>24</day><month>7</month><year>2014</year></date><date date-type="accepted"><day>5</day><month>2</month><year>2015</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-year>2015</copyright-year><copyright-holder>Qiu et al</copyright-holder><license xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"><license-p>This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">Creative Commons Attribution License</ext-link>, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri content-type="pdf" xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="pone.0121995.pdf"></self-uri><abstract><sec id="sec001"><title>Background</title><p>Because of reproductions and hormone changes, females are more sensitive to bone mineral loss during their lifetime. Bottled water has become more popular in recent years, and a large number of products are low mineral water. However, research on the effects of drinking bottled low mineral water on bone health is sparse.</p></sec><sec id="sec002"><title>Objective</title><p>To elucidate the skeletal effects of multi-generational bottled water drinking in female rats.</p></sec><sec id="sec003"><title>Methods</title><p>Rats continuously drank tap water (TW), bottled natural water (bNW), bottled mineralized water (bMW), or bottled purified water (bPW) for three generations.</p></sec><sec id="sec004"><title>Results</title><p>The maximum deflection, elastic deflection, and ultimate strain of the femoral diaphysis in the bNW, bMW, and bPW groups and the fracture strain in the bNW and bMW groups were significantly decreased. The tibiae calcium levels in both the bNW and bPW groups were significantly lower than that in the TW group. The tibiae and teeth magnesium levels in both the bNW and bPW groups were significantly lower than those in the TW group. The collagen turnover markers PICP (in both bNW and bPW groups) were significantly lower than that in the TW group. In all three low mineral water groups, the 1,25-dihydroxy-vitamin D levels were significantly lower than those in the TW group.</p></sec><sec id="sec005"><title>Conclusion</title><p>Long-term drinking of low mineral water may disturb bone metabolism and biochemical properties and therefore weaken biomechanical bone properties in females. Drinking tap water, which contains adequate minerals, was found to be better for bone health. To our knowledge, this is the first report on drinking bottled low mineral water and female bone quality on three generation model.</p></sec></abstract><funding-group><funding-statement>This work was supported by Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 81001234)) and Project of Chongqing Municipal Health Bureau (Grant No. 2012-2-447). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.</funding-statement></funding-group><counts><fig-count count="3"></fig-count><table-count count="1"></table-count><page-count count="12"></page-count></counts><custom-meta-group><custom-meta id="data-availability"><meta-name>Data Availability</meta-name><meta-value>All relevant data are within the paper and its Supporting Information files.</meta-value></custom-meta></custom-meta-group></article-meta><notes><title>Data Availability</title><p>All relevant data are within the paper and its Supporting Information files.</p></notes></front></pmc></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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