A comparative study to evaluate the vertical position of maxillary central incisor and canine in relation to incisive papilla line
Identifieur interne : 003140 ( Pmc/Corpus ); précédent : 003139; suivant : 003141A comparative study to evaluate the vertical position of maxillary central incisor and canine in relation to incisive papilla line
Auteurs : Mayank Shah ; Ashok Kumar Verma ; Saurabh ChaturvediSource :
- Journal of Forensic Dental Sciences [ 0975-1475 ] ; 2014.
Abstract
The aim of the study was to determine the vertical distance of maxillary central incisor (CI) and maxillary canine (CA) from the incisive papilla (IP) line and their variation with age and sex.
A total of 120 dentulous subjects following the inclusion and exclusion criteria were randomly selected from the local population. On the basis of gender and age, subjects were divided into four groups: Ma, Mb, Fa and Fb . Maxillary impressions of selected subjects were made and corresponding casts were retrieved. The cast was positioned on the surveyor and the center of IP was transferred to the labial side of maxillary right CI and CA regions with the help of analyzing rod of the surveyor and a line was drawn in this region which was referred to as “IP line”. The measurements were made from the IP line to the mesio-incisal line angle of right maxillary CI-IP and cusp tip of right maxillary CA with the help of digital vernier caliper (CA to IP).
The mean vertical distance of maxillary CI-IP ranged from 6.31 ± 0.74 mm to 7.04 ± 0.87 mm and the mean vertical distance of maxillary CA-IP ranged from 5.83 ± 0.80 mm to 6.30 ± 0.82 mm.
The CA position in relation to the IP line is more stable to its position than the CI position irrespective of age and sex.
Url:
DOI: 10.4103/0975-1475.132534
PubMed: 25125915
PubMed Central: 4130024
Links to Exploration step
PMC:4130024Le document en format XML
<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">A comparative study to evaluate the vertical position of maxillary central incisor and canine in relation to incisive papilla line</title><author><name sortKey="Shah, Mayank" sort="Shah, Mayank" uniqKey="Shah M" first="Mayank" last="Shah">Mayank Shah</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1"></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Verma, Ashok Kumar" sort="Verma, Ashok Kumar" uniqKey="Verma A" first="Ashok Kumar" last="Verma">Ashok Kumar Verma</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff2"><italic>Career Postgraduate Institute of Dental Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India</italic></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Chaturvedi, Saurabh" sort="Chaturvedi, Saurabh" uniqKey="Chaturvedi S" first="Saurabh" last="Chaturvedi">Saurabh Chaturvedi</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff2"><italic>Career Postgraduate Institute of Dental Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India</italic></nlm:aff></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno><idno type="pmid">25125915</idno><idno type="pmc">4130024</idno><idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4130024</idno><idno type="RBID">PMC:4130024</idno><idno type="doi">10.4103/0975-1475.132534</idno><date when="2014">2014</date><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Corpus">003140</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PMC">003140</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">A comparative study to evaluate the vertical position of maxillary central incisor and canine in relation to incisive papilla line</title><author><name sortKey="Shah, Mayank" sort="Shah, Mayank" uniqKey="Shah M" first="Mayank" last="Shah">Mayank Shah</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1"></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Verma, Ashok Kumar" sort="Verma, Ashok Kumar" uniqKey="Verma A" first="Ashok Kumar" last="Verma">Ashok Kumar Verma</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff2"><italic>Career Postgraduate Institute of Dental Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India</italic></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Chaturvedi, Saurabh" sort="Chaturvedi, Saurabh" uniqKey="Chaturvedi S" first="Saurabh" last="Chaturvedi">Saurabh Chaturvedi</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff2"><italic>Career Postgraduate Institute of Dental Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India</italic></nlm:aff></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Journal of Forensic Dental Sciences</title><idno type="ISSN">0975-1475</idno><idno type="eISSN">0975-2137</idno><imprint><date when="2014">2014</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><sec id="st1"><title>Objectives:</title><p>The aim of the study was to determine the vertical distance of maxillary central incisor (CI) and maxillary canine (CA) from the incisive papilla (IP) line and their variation with age and sex.</p></sec><sec id="st2"><title>Materials and Methods:</title><p>A total of 120 dentulous subjects following the inclusion and exclusion criteria were randomly selected from the local population. On the basis of gender and age, subjects were divided into four groups: M<sub>a</sub>, M<sub>b</sub>, F<sub>a</sub> and F<sub>b</sub> . Maxillary impressions of selected subjects were made and corresponding casts were retrieved. The cast was positioned on the surveyor and the center of IP was transferred to the labial side of maxillary right CI and CA regions with the help of analyzing rod of the surveyor and a line was drawn in this region which was referred to as “IP line”. The measurements were made from the IP line to the mesio-incisal line angle of right maxillary CI-IP and cusp tip of right maxillary CA with the help of digital vernier caliper (CA to IP).</p></sec><sec id="st3"><title>Result:</title><p>The mean vertical distance of maxillary CI-IP ranged from 6.31 ± 0.74 mm to 7.04 ± 0.87 mm and the mean vertical distance of maxillary CA-IP ranged from 5.83 ± 0.80 mm to 6.30 ± 0.82 mm.</p></sec><sec id="st4"><title>Conclusion:</title><p>The CA position in relation to the IP line is more stable to its position than the CI position irrespective of age and sex.</p></sec></div></front><back><div1 type="bibliography"><listBibl><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Grave, Am" uniqKey="Grave A">AM Grave</name></author><author><name sortKey="Becker, Pj" uniqKey="Becker P">PJ Becker</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Harper, Rn" uniqKey="Harper R">RN Harper</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Mcgee, Gf" uniqKey="Mcgee G">GF McGee</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Ortman, Hr" uniqKey="Ortman H">HR Ortman</name></author><author><name sortKey="Tsao, Dh" uniqKey="Tsao D">DH Tsao</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Boucher, Co" uniqKey="Boucher C">CO Boucher</name></author><author><name sortKey="Hickey, Jc" uniqKey="Hickey J">JC Hickey</name></author><author><name sortKey="Woelfel, Jb" uniqKey="Woelfel J">JB Woelfel</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Martone, Al" uniqKey="Martone A">AL Martone</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Ehrlich, J" uniqKey="Ehrlich J">J Ehrlich</name></author><author><name sortKey="Gazit, E" uniqKey="Gazit E">E Gazit</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Watt, Dm" uniqKey="Watt D">DM Watt</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Mavroskoufis, F" uniqKey="Mavroskoufis F">F Mavroskoufis</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ritchie, Gm" uniqKey="Ritchie G">GM Ritchie</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Grove, Hf" uniqKey="Grove H">HF Grove</name></author><author><name sortKey="Christensen, Lv" uniqKey="Christensen L">LV Christensen</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Zarb, G" uniqKey="Zarb G">G Zarb</name></author><author><name sortKey="Carisson, G" uniqKey="Carisson G">G Carisson</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Payne, Ag" uniqKey="Payne A">AG Payne</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Pound, E" uniqKey="Pound E">E Pound</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Sharry, Jj" uniqKey="Sharry J">JJ Sharry</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Vig, Rg" uniqKey="Vig R">RG Vig</name></author><author><name sortKey="Brundo, Gc" uniqKey="Brundo G">GC Brundo</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Heartwell, Cm" uniqKey="Heartwell C">CM Heartwell</name></author><author><name sortKey="Arthur, Or" uniqKey="Arthur O">OR Arthur</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Robinson, Sc" uniqKey="Robinson S">SC Robinson</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Behrents, Rg" uniqKey="Behrents R">RG Behrents</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Ellinger, Cw" uniqKey="Ellinger C">CW Ellinger</name></author><author><name sortKey="Rayson, Jh" uniqKey="Rayson J">JH Rayson</name></author><author><name sortKey="Terry, Jm" uniqKey="Terry J">JM Terry</name></author><author><name sortKey="Rahn, Ao" uniqKey="Rahn A">AO Rahn</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Landa, Sl" uniqKey="Landa S">SL Landa</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Kharat, Du" uniqKey="Kharat D">DU Kharat</name></author><author><name sortKey="Madan, Rs" uniqKey="Madan R">RS Madan</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Fu, Ps" uniqKey="Fu P">PS Fu</name></author><author><name sortKey="Hung, Cc" uniqKey="Hung C">CC Hung</name></author><author><name sortKey="Hong, Jm" uniqKey="Hong J">JM Hong</name></author><author><name sortKey="Wang, Jc" uniqKey="Wang J">JC Wang</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Frush, Jp" uniqKey="Frush J">JP Frush</name></author><author><name sortKey="Fisher, R" uniqKey="Fisher R">R Fisher</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Frush, Jp" uniqKey="Frush J">JP Frush</name></author><author><name sortKey="Fisher, R" uniqKey="Fisher R">R Fisher</name></author></analytic></biblStruct></listBibl></div1></back></TEI><pmc article-type="research-article"><pmc-dir>properties open_access</pmc-dir>
<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">J Forensic Dent Sci</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">J Forensic Dent Sci</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">JFDS</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title>Journal of Forensic Dental Sciences</journal-title></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0975-1475</issn><issn pub-type="epub">0975-2137</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Medknow Publications & Media Pvt Ltd</publisher-name><publisher-loc>India</publisher-loc></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">25125915</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="pmc">4130024</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">JFDS-6-92</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.4103/0975-1475.132534</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Original Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>A comparative study to evaluate the vertical position of maxillary central incisor and canine in relation to incisive papilla line</article-title></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Shah</surname><given-names>Mayank</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"></xref><xref ref-type="corresp" rid="cor1"></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Verma</surname><given-names>Ashok Kumar</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">1</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Chaturvedi</surname><given-names>Saurabh</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">1</xref></contrib></contrib-group><aff id="aff1"><italic>Department of Prosthodontics, Institute of Dental Sciences, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India</italic></aff><aff id="aff2"><label>1</label><italic>Career Postgraduate Institute of Dental Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India</italic></aff><author-notes><corresp id="cor1"><bold>Address for correspondence:</bold><italic> Dr. Mayank Shah, Institute of Dental Sciences, Room No. 3, Faculty Residence, Pilibhit Bypass Road, Bareilly - 243 006, Uttar Pradesh, India. E-mail: <email xlink:href="mashdreams33@gmail.com">mashdreams33@gmail.com</email></italic></corresp></author-notes><pub-date pub-type="ppub"><season>May-Aug</season><year>2014</year></pub-date><volume>6</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>92</fpage><lpage>96</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright: © Journal of Forensic Dental Sciences</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2014</copyright-year><license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0"><license-p>This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 3.0 Unported, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.</license-p></license></permissions><abstract><sec id="st1"><title>Objectives:</title><p>The aim of the study was to determine the vertical distance of maxillary central incisor (CI) and maxillary canine (CA) from the incisive papilla (IP) line and their variation with age and sex.</p></sec><sec id="st2"><title>Materials and Methods:</title><p>A total of 120 dentulous subjects following the inclusion and exclusion criteria were randomly selected from the local population. On the basis of gender and age, subjects were divided into four groups: M<sub>a</sub>, M<sub>b</sub>, F<sub>a</sub> and F<sub>b</sub> . Maxillary impressions of selected subjects were made and corresponding casts were retrieved. The cast was positioned on the surveyor and the center of IP was transferred to the labial side of maxillary right CI and CA regions with the help of analyzing rod of the surveyor and a line was drawn in this region which was referred to as “IP line”. The measurements were made from the IP line to the mesio-incisal line angle of right maxillary CI-IP and cusp tip of right maxillary CA with the help of digital vernier caliper (CA to IP).</p></sec><sec id="st3"><title>Result:</title><p>The mean vertical distance of maxillary CI-IP ranged from 6.31 ± 0.74 mm to 7.04 ± 0.87 mm and the mean vertical distance of maxillary CA-IP ranged from 5.83 ± 0.80 mm to 6.30 ± 0.82 mm.</p></sec><sec id="st4"><title>Conclusion:</title><p>The CA position in relation to the IP line is more stable to its position than the CI position irrespective of age and sex.</p></sec></abstract><kwd-group><kwd>Analyzing rod</kwd><kwd>dental surveyor</kwd><kwd>digital vernier caliper</kwd><kwd>incisive papilla</kwd><kwd>occlusal plane</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><body><sec sec-type="intro" id="sec1-1"><title>Introduction</title><p>The selection and arrangement of maxillary anterior teeth for edentulous patients in a natural and esthetically pleasing form has remained an elusive and challenging endeavour. Dentist use various techniques, their clinical expertise and aesthetic sense to attain acceptable results.</p><p>The pre-extraction records can be preserved and utilized during the establishment of incisal plane and setting of the artificial teeth.[<xref rid="ref1" ref-type="bibr">1</xref>] Non-availability of such pre-extraction records, necessitate the use of norms and guidelines, but the available ones have their own limitations. Also, there are no suitable guidelines for patients with maxillofacial defects especially cleft lip and cleft palate and patients suffering from facial palsy.</p><p>The most obvious landmark that appears to have survived intact from the dentate state is the incisive papilla (IP) and it has received a great deal of attention in relation to maxillary anterior teeth. Although, several studies[<xref rid="ref2" ref-type="bibr">2</xref><xref rid="ref3" ref-type="bibr">3</xref><xref rid="ref4" ref-type="bibr">4</xref><xref rid="ref5" ref-type="bibr">5</xref><xref rid="ref6" ref-type="bibr">6</xref><xref rid="ref7" ref-type="bibr">7</xref><xref rid="ref8" ref-type="bibr">8</xref><xref rid="ref9" ref-type="bibr">9</xref><xref rid="ref10" ref-type="bibr">10</xref>] investigated the horizontal relationship between IP and the maxillary central incisors (CI), but there is no specific information in the literature relative to vertical distance between the IP and the maxillary anterior teeth in a single plane. So this study was performed to establish relationship between the vertical position of maxillary CI and maxillary canine (CA) in relation to IP line in one plane.</p><p>Various studies had been conducted in the past to relate the position of IP with maxillary CI and CA but only in horizontal plane, vertical plane had not been given much concern. This study was undertaken with the aim to "compare the relationship between the vertical position of maxillary CI and maxillary CA in relation to IP line." and objectives were: (1) To determine the vertical distance in one plane of maxillary CI and maxillary CA from the IP and more stable position. (2) Variation with age and sex in relative position of maxillary CI and maxillary CA from the IP line.</p></sec><sec sec-type="materials|methods" id="sec1-2"><title>Materials and Methods</title><p>The materials used for making impression and pouring cast were used, along with the dental surveyor and digital vernier caliper.</p><sec id="sec2-1"><title>Data collection</title><p>A total of 120 dentulous subjects, with 70 males and 50 females were selected randomly with following inclusion criteria; Aligned full complement of natural permanent teeth up to II molar, no history of orthodontic treatment, angle Class I maxillomandibular relationship and a well traceable IP. Exclusion criteria were; any restoration and/or prosthetic treatment in maxillary anterior region, missing and/or supraerupted CIs, CAs and second molar in the maxillary arch, moderate to severe attrition or any pathologic wear of maxillary anterior teeth and maxillo-facial trauma.</p><p>On the basis of gender and age, subjects were divided into four groups as M<sub>a</sub>, M<sub>b</sub>, F<sub>a</sub> and F<sub>b</sub> [<xref ref-type="table" rid="T1">Table 1</xref>]. Maxillary impressions of selected subjects were made with irreversible hydrocolloid (Plastalgin, Septodont, India) and corresponding casts were retrieved [Figures <xref ref-type="fig" rid="F1">1</xref> and <xref ref-type="fig" rid="F2">2</xref>]. The cast was secured on the cast holder of the surveyor and tripoding was done [<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F3">Figure 3</xref>].</p><table-wrap id="T1" position="float"><label>Table 1</label><caption><p>Group wise distribution of subjects</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="JFDS-6-92-g001"></graphic></table-wrap><fig id="F1" position="float"><label>Figure 1</label><caption><p>Maxillary impression</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="JFDS-6-92-g002"></graphic></fig><fig id="F2" position="float"><label>Figure 2</label><caption><p>Maxillary cast</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="JFDS-6-92-g003"></graphic></fig><fig id="F3" position="float"><label>Figure 3</label><caption><p>Maxillary cast mounted on the surveyor</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="JFDS-6-92-g004"></graphic></fig><p>The reference points used were; anterior reference point: Mesio-labial edge of the maxillary right CI and posterior reference points: Mesio-buccal cusp tips of maxillary right and left second molar [<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F4">Figure 4</xref>]. The center of IP was marked [<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F4">Figure 4</xref>] and transferred to the labial side of maxillary right CI and CA regions with help of analyzing rod of the surveyor [<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F5">Figure 5</xref>] and a line was drawn in this region, which was referred to as “IP line” [<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F6">Figure 6</xref>]. The measurements were made from the IP line to the mesio-incisal line angle of right maxillary CI-IP [<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F7">Figure 7</xref>] and cusp tip of right maxillary CA with help of digital vernier caliper (CA-IP) [<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F8">Figure 8</xref>].</p><fig id="F4" position="float"><label>Figure 4</label><caption><p>Tripoding done and center of incisive papilla marked</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="JFDS-6-92-g005"></graphic></fig><fig id="F5" position="float"><label>Figure 5</label><caption><p>Centre of incisive papilla transferred on labial side with help of analyzing rod</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="JFDS-6-92-g006"></graphic></fig><fig id="F6" position="float"><label>Figure 6</label><caption><p>Incisive papilla line drawn on maxillary central incisor and canine</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="JFDS-6-92-g007"></graphic></fig><fig id="F7" position="float"><label>Figure 7</label><caption><p>Measurements of the distance from incisive papilla line to right maxillary central incisal edge</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="JFDS-6-92-g008"></graphic></fig><fig id="F8" position="float"><label>Figure 8</label><caption><p>Measurements of the distance from incisive papilla line to right maxillary canine cusp tip</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="JFDS-6-92-g009"></graphic></fig></sec></sec><sec sec-type="results" id="sec1-3"><title>Results</title><p>All the reading obtained were tabulated and statically analyzed. The analysis of the measurements showed that the mean vertical distance of maxillary CI-IP ranged from 6.31 ± 0.74 mm to 7.04 ± 0.87 mm [<xref ref-type="table" rid="T2">Table 2</xref>]. There was significant difference between two genders for younger age group (30-45 years) and no significant difference was observed between two genders for older age group (46-60 years) [<xref ref-type="table" rid="T3">Table 3</xref> and <xref ref-type="fig" rid="G1">Graph 1</xref>].</p><table-wrap id="T2" position="float"><label>Table 2</label><caption><p>Mean right maxillary CI-IP distance in different groups</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="JFDS-6-92-g010"></graphic></table-wrap><table-wrap id="T3" position="float"><label>Table 3</label><caption><p>Intergroup differences for CI-IP distance</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="JFDS-6-92-g011"></graphic></table-wrap><fig id="G1" position="float"><label>Graph 1</label><caption><p>Box plot of central incisor to incisive papilla distance in different groups</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="JFDS-6-92-g012"></graphic></fig><p>The mean vertical distance of maxillary CA to IP ranged from 5.83 ± 0.80 mm to 6.30 ± 0.82 mm [<xref ref-type="table" rid="T4">Table 4</xref>]. There was no significant difference among genders for both older and younger age groups [<xref ref-type="table" rid="T5">Table 5</xref> and <xref ref-type="fig" rid="G2">Graph 2</xref>].</p><table-wrap id="T4" position="float"><label>Table 4</label><caption><p>Mean right maxillary CA-IP distance in different groups</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="JFDS-6-92-g013"></graphic></table-wrap><table-wrap id="T5" position="float"><label>Table 5</label><caption><p>Intergroup differences for CA-IP distance</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="JFDS-6-92-g014"></graphic></table-wrap><fig id="G2" position="float"><label>Graph 2</label><caption><p>Box plot of canine to incisive papilla distance in different groups</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="JFDS-6-92-g015"></graphic></fig></sec><sec sec-type="discussion" id="sec1-4"><title>Discussion</title><p>In patients where all of the maxillary anterior dentition is missing, the Dentist should attempt to position the teeth in a fashion similar to the arrangement of ideal dentate patients of similar age, gender, race and facial structures.[<xref rid="ref11" ref-type="bibr">11</xref>] To accomplish this several authors have used various guidelines such as phonetics,[<xref rid="ref11" ref-type="bibr">11</xref><xref rid="ref12" ref-type="bibr">12</xref><xref rid="ref13" ref-type="bibr">13</xref>] upper lip,[<xref rid="ref14" ref-type="bibr">14</xref><xref rid="ref15" ref-type="bibr">15</xref><xref rid="ref16" ref-type="bibr">16</xref>] lower lip[<xref rid="ref11" ref-type="bibr">11</xref><xref rid="ref17" ref-type="bibr">17</xref>] and smile line[<xref rid="ref8" ref-type="bibr">8</xref><xref rid="ref18" ref-type="bibr">18</xref>] to establish the maxillary incisal edge position. The most commonly used is phonetics, where "S," "Z," and "C", "F" and "V" sounds were proposed by Payne and Pound[<xref rid="ref12" ref-type="bibr">12</xref><xref rid="ref13" ref-type="bibr">13</xref>] and Robinson[<xref rid="ref17" ref-type="bibr">17</xref>] for position of incisal edges of upper teeth. While Sharry, Heartwell, Ellinger, <italic>et al.</italic> and Landa[<xref rid="ref14" ref-type="bibr">14</xref><xref rid="ref16" ref-type="bibr">16</xref><xref rid="ref19" ref-type="bibr">19</xref><xref rid="ref20" ref-type="bibr">20</xref>] suggested that the occlusal aspect of maxillary occlusal rims should extend approximately 1-2 mm below the upper lip in repose and then speech should be used to modify this vertical position.</p><p>Although, above mentioned landmarks had been utilized for anterior teeth setting, but none of these guidelines are relatively stable and their anatomy varies greatly among individuals.[<xref rid="ref21" ref-type="bibr">21</xref>]</p><p>In the present study, vertical position of maxillary central incisal edge and maxillary CA cusp tip was determined from IP because various studies[<xref rid="ref2" ref-type="bibr">2</xref><xref rid="ref3" ref-type="bibr">3</xref><xref rid="ref9" ref-type="bibr">9</xref><xref rid="ref11" ref-type="bibr">11</xref>] concluded that there is no change in the position and dimension of IP in a mouth from dentate stage to the edentulous stage. Thus, describing IP as a relatively stable landmark which can be used as a guide for anterior teeth positioning.</p><p>In this study, for tripoding of the cast, the anterior reference point used was mesio-labial incisal edge of upper right CI and posterior reference points were mesio-buccal cusp tips of upper right and left second molar. This occlusal plane orientation was used as it is more comparable to the pterygomaxillary notch-IP occlusal plane which tends to be parallel to the natural occlusal plane as stated by Fu <italic>et al.</italic>[<xref rid="ref22" ref-type="bibr">22</xref>]</p><p>The "IP line" would facilitate the implications of the study in edentulous subjects because the record base and occlusal rim covers the IP over the master cast. Thus by scribing the IP line on the occlusal rim with help of analyzing rod, the vertical position of IP on the occlusal rim could be identified for incisal plane determination and anterior teeth positioning in edentulous patients.[<xref rid="ref23" ref-type="bibr">23</xref>]</p><p>The right maxillary CI-IP distance was observed to be consistent in different age groups in both males and females separately. Although no significant difference was observed between two genders of older age group (46-60 years), the difference between two genders was significant for younger age group (30-45 years), which may be attributed to the fact that females of younger age group have rounded and softer appearance of maxillary central incisal edge compared to that of males having sharper and vigorous maxillary central incisal edge.[<xref rid="ref24" ref-type="bibr">24</xref>]</p><p>The right maxillary CA-IP distance was observed to be consistent in different age groups in both males and females. Gender wise too, there were no significant differences in either of the two age groups. This may be due to the reason that the maxillary CA morphology in this group of population was almost similar for both males and females.</p><p>Further, a long-term prospective study with larger sample size and their variation with age, race, dental and skeletal morphology is required to authenticate IP line as a landmark for arrangement of maxillary anterior teeth.</p></sec><sec sec-type="conclusions" id="sec1-5"><title>Conclusion</title><p>The results of the study showed that the CA position in relation to the IP is more stable to its position than the CI position irrespective of age and sex. Therefore, this study suggests that, for patients between the ages of 30 and 60 years, the CA tip has a more consistent position to the IP than the maxillary CI edge.</p></sec></body><back><fn-group><fn fn-type="supported-by"><p><bold>Source of Support:</bold> Nil</p></fn><fn fn-type="conflict"><p><bold>Conflict of Interest:</bold> None declared</p></fn></fn-group><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="ref1"><label>1</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Grave</surname><given-names>AM</given-names></name><name><surname>Becker</surname><given-names>PJ</given-names></name></person-group><article-title>Evaluation of the incisive papilla as a guide to anterior tooth position</article-title><source>J Prosthet Dent</source><year>1987</year><volume>57</volume><fpage>712</fpage><lpage>4</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">3295204</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="ref2"><label>2</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Harper</surname><given-names>RN</given-names></name></person-group><article-title>The incisive papilla: The basis of a technic to reproduce the key teeth in prosthodontia</article-title><source>J Dent Res</source><year>1948</year><volume>27</volume><fpage>661</fpage><lpage>8</lpage></element-citation></ref><ref id="ref3"><label>3</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>McGee</surname><given-names>GF</given-names></name></person-group><article-title>Tooth placement and the base contour in denture construction</article-title><source>J Prosthet Dent</source><year>1960</year><volume>10</volume><fpage>651</fpage><lpage>7</lpage></element-citation></ref><ref id="ref4"><label>4</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Ortman</surname><given-names>HR</given-names></name><name><surname>Tsao</surname><given-names>DH</given-names></name></person-group><article-title>Relationship of the incisive papilla to the maxillary central incisors</article-title><source>J Prosthet Dent</source><year>1979</year><volume>42</volume><fpage>492</fpage><lpage>6</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">385848</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="ref5"><label>5</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Boucher</surname><given-names>CO</given-names></name><name><surname>Hickey</surname><given-names>JC</given-names></name><name><surname>Woelfel</surname><given-names>JB</given-names></name></person-group><article-title>Responsibility of the dentist in complete dentures</article-title><source>J Prosthet Dent</source><year>1962</year><volume>12</volume><fpage>637</fpage><lpage>53</lpage></element-citation></ref><ref id="ref6"><label>6</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Martone</surname><given-names>AL</given-names></name></person-group><article-title>Clinical responsibility of concepts of functional anatomy and speech science to complete denture prosthodontics</article-title><source>J Prosthet Dent</source><year>1963</year><volume>13</volume><fpage>204</fpage><lpage>28</lpage></element-citation></ref><ref id="ref7"><label>7</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Ehrlich</surname><given-names>J</given-names></name><name><surname>Gazit</surname><given-names>E</given-names></name></person-group><article-title>Relationship of the maxillary central incisors and canines to the incisive papilla</article-title><source>J Oral Rehabil</source><year>1975</year><volume>2</volume><fpage>309</fpage><lpage>12</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">1097610</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="ref8"><label>8</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Watt</surname><given-names>DM</given-names></name></person-group><article-title>Tooth positions on complete dentures</article-title><source>J Dent</source><year>1978</year><volume>6</volume><fpage>147</fpage><lpage>60</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">357461</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="ref9"><label>9</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Mavroskoufis</surname><given-names>F</given-names></name><name><surname>Ritchie</surname><given-names>GM</given-names></name></person-group><article-title>Nasal width and incisive papilla as guides for the selection and arrangement of maxillary anterior teeth</article-title><source>J Prosthet Dent</source><year>1981</year><volume>45</volume><fpage>592</fpage><lpage>7</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">6941015</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="ref10"><label>10</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Grove</surname><given-names>HF</given-names></name><name><surname>Christensen</surname><given-names>LV</given-names></name></person-group><article-title>Relationship of the maxillary canines to the incisive papilla</article-title><source>J Prosthet Dent</source><year>1989</year><volume>61</volume><fpage>51</fpage><lpage>3</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">2915334</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="ref11"><label>11</label><element-citation publication-type="book"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Zarb</surname><given-names>G</given-names></name><name><surname>Carisson</surname><given-names>G</given-names></name></person-group><source>Boucher's Prosthodontic Treatment for Edentulous Patients</source><year>2001</year><edition>11th ed</edition><publisher-loc>St. Louis</publisher-loc><publisher-name>Mosby Co</publisher-name><fpage>270</fpage></element-citation></ref><ref id="ref12"><label>12</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Payne</surname><given-names>AG</given-names></name></person-group><article-title>Factors influencing the position of artificial upper anterior teeth</article-title><source>J Prosthet Dent</source><year>1971</year><volume>26</volume><fpage>26</fpage><lpage>32</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">4932134</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="ref13"><label>13</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Pound</surname><given-names>E</given-names></name></person-group><article-title>Esthetic dentures and their phonetic values</article-title><source>J Prosthet Dent</source><year>1951</year><volume>1</volume><fpage>98</fpage><lpage>111</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">14814654</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="ref14"><label>14</label><element-citation publication-type="book"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Sharry</surname><given-names>JJ</given-names></name></person-group><source>Complete Denture Prosthodontics</source><year>1974</year><edition>3rd ed</edition><publisher-loc>New York</publisher-loc><publisher-name>McGraw Hill Book Company</publisher-name><fpage>168</fpage></element-citation></ref><ref id="ref15"><label>15</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Vig</surname><given-names>RG</given-names></name><name><surname>Brundo</surname><given-names>GC</given-names></name></person-group><article-title>The kinetics of anterior tooth display</article-title><source>J Prosthet Dent</source><year>1978</year><volume>39</volume><fpage>502</fpage><lpage>4</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">349139</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="ref16"><label>16</label><element-citation publication-type="book"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Heartwell</surname><given-names>CM</given-names></name><name><surname>Arthur</surname><given-names>OR</given-names></name></person-group><source>Syllabus of Complete Dentures</source><year>1980</year><edition>3rd ed</edition><publisher-loc>Philadelphia</publisher-loc><publisher-name>Lea and Febiger Publication</publisher-name><fpage>126</fpage></element-citation></ref><ref id="ref17"><label>17</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Robinson</surname><given-names>SC</given-names></name></person-group><article-title>Physiological placement of artificial anterior teeth</article-title><source>J Can Dent Assoc (Tor)</source><year>1969</year><volume>35</volume><fpage>260</fpage><lpage>6</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">5254456</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="ref18"><label>18</label><element-citation publication-type="book"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Behrents</surname><given-names>RG</given-names></name></person-group><article-title>Growth in the Aging Craniofacial Skeleton. Craniofacial Growth Series</article-title><source>Monograph 17</source><year>1985</year><publisher-loc>Ann Arbor</publisher-loc><publisher-name>University of Michigan</publisher-name><fpage>112</fpage><lpage>5</lpage></element-citation></ref><ref id="ref19"><label>19</label><element-citation publication-type="book"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Ellinger</surname><given-names>CW</given-names></name><name><surname>Rayson</surname><given-names>JH</given-names></name><name><surname>Terry</surname><given-names>JM</given-names></name><name><surname>Rahn</surname><given-names>AO</given-names></name></person-group><person-group person-group-type="editor"><name><surname>Ellinger</surname><given-names>CW</given-names></name></person-group><article-title>Arrangement of anterior teeth</article-title><source>Synopsis of Complete Dentures</source><year>1975</year><publisher-loc>Philadelphia, PA</publisher-loc><publisher-name>Lea and Febiger</publisher-name><fpage>163</fpage></element-citation></ref><ref id="ref20"><label>20</label><element-citation publication-type="book"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Landa</surname><given-names>SL</given-names></name></person-group><person-group person-group-type="editor"><name><surname>Winkler</surname><given-names>S</given-names></name></person-group><article-title>Anterior tooth selection and guidelines for complete denture esthetics</article-title><source>Essentials of Complete Denture Prosthodontics</source><year>1979</year><publisher-loc>Philadelphia, PA</publisher-loc><publisher-name>Saunders</publisher-name><fpage>282</fpage><lpage>300</lpage></element-citation></ref><ref id="ref21"><label>21</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Kharat</surname><given-names>DU</given-names></name><name><surname>Madan</surname><given-names>RS</given-names></name></person-group><article-title>An investigation into the distance between incisive papilla and incisal edge of maxillary central incisor</article-title><source>J Indian Dent Assoc</source><year>1984</year><volume>56</volume><fpage>425</fpage><lpage>8</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">6597203</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="ref22"><label>22</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Fu</surname><given-names>PS</given-names></name><name><surname>Hung</surname><given-names>CC</given-names></name><name><surname>Hong</surname><given-names>JM</given-names></name><name><surname>Wang</surname><given-names>JC</given-names></name></person-group><article-title>Three-dimensional analysis of the occlusal plane related to the hamular-incisive-papilla occlusal plane in young adults</article-title><source>J Oral Rehabil</source><year>2007</year><volume>34</volume><fpage>136</fpage><lpage>40</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">17244236</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="ref23"><label>23</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Frush</surname><given-names>JP</given-names></name><name><surname>Fisher</surname><given-names>R</given-names></name></person-group><article-title>How dentogenics interprets the personality factor</article-title><source>J Prosthet Dent</source><year>1956</year><volume>6</volume><fpage>441</fpage><lpage>9</lpage></element-citation></ref><ref id="ref24"><label>24</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Frush</surname><given-names>JP</given-names></name><name><surname>Fisher</surname><given-names>R</given-names></name></person-group><article-title>How dentogenic restorations interpret the sex factor</article-title><source>J Prosthet Dent</source><year>1956</year><volume>6</volume><fpage>160</fpage><lpage>72</lpage></element-citation></ref></ref-list></back></pmc></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
EXPLOR_STEP=$WICRI_ROOT/Wicri/Santé/explor/EdenteV2/Data/Pmc/Corpus
HfdSelect -h $EXPLOR_STEP/biblio.hfd -nk 003140 | SxmlIndent | more
Ou
HfdSelect -h $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/Pmc/Corpus/biblio.hfd -nk 003140 | SxmlIndent | more
Pour mettre un lien sur cette page dans le réseau Wicri
{{Explor lien
|wiki= Wicri/Santé
|area= EdenteV2
|flux= Pmc
|étape= Corpus
|type= RBID
|clé= PMC:4130024
|texte= A comparative study to evaluate the vertical position of maxillary central incisor and canine in relation to incisive papilla line
}}
Pour générer des pages wiki
HfdIndexSelect -h $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/Pmc/Corpus/RBID.i -Sk "pubmed:25125915" \
| HfdSelect -Kh $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/Pmc/Corpus/biblio.hfd \
| NlmPubMed2Wicri -a EdenteV2
| This area was generated with Dilib version V0.6.32. |  |