A comparative study on the accuracy of the devices for measuring the implant stability
Identifieur interne : 002F39 ( Pmc/Corpus ); précédent : 002F38; suivant : 002F40A comparative study on the accuracy of the devices for measuring the implant stability
Auteurs : In-Ho Cho ; Young-Il Lee ; Young-Mi KimSource :
- The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics [ 2005-7806 ] ; 2009.
Abstract
How the ISQ values measured by Osstell™ and Osstell™ Mentor are related, and whether the ISQ values acquired from the two machines changes in accordance with changes in implant stability are not yet fully understood.
The aim of this study was to find out correlation between the ISQ values acquired from Osstell™ and Osstell™ Mentor, and to evaluate the clinical effectiveness and accuracy of two devices.
Sixty two implants were inserted into 47 patients, and their ISQ values were measured using Osstell™ and Osstell™ Mentor. In the first stage surgery, the ISQ values of forty four implants inserted into thirty five patients were measured. In the second stage surgery, the values of fifty implants inserted into thirty seven patients were measured. The values were analyzed to determine the difference between the mean ISQ values of Osstell™ and Osstell™ Mentor. In addition, the correlation between implants used in the first and second stage of surgery with regard to their types and areas of insertion were analyzed. The difference between the ISQ values of 32 implants in each patient during the first and second stage was analyzed. The statistical assessment was carried out using SPSS V. 12.0 for Win. (SPSS Inc., Chicago, USA). The Pearson correlation coefficient was used to examine the correlation between Osstell™ and Osstell™ Mentor in the first and second stages of surgery, whereas the difference between their ISQ values was evaluated using a paired
In the first stage, the mean ISQ value for Osstell™ and Osstell™ Mentor was 70.84 and 75.09, respectively, showing a significant difference (
The significant difference in the values obtained using the Osstell™ and Osstell™ Mentor between the first and second stages of implant surgery indicates that these values can be a convenient and precise way for evaluating the implant stability in clinical practice.
Url:
DOI: 10.4047/jap.2009.1.3.124
PubMed: 21165267
PubMed Central: 2994689
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PMC:2994689Le document en format XML
<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">A comparative study on the accuracy of the devices for measuring the implant stability</title><author><name sortKey="Cho, In Ho" sort="Cho, In Ho" uniqKey="Cho I" first="In-Ho" last="Cho">In-Ho Cho</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1">Professor, Department of Prosthodontics, College of Dentistry, Dankook University, Cheonan, South Korea.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lee, Young Il" sort="Lee, Young Il" uniqKey="Lee Y" first="Young-Il" last="Lee">Young-Il Lee</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A2">Graduate Student, Department of Prosthodontics, College of Dentistry, Dankook University, Cheonan, South Korea.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kim, Young Mi" sort="Kim, Young Mi" uniqKey="Kim Y" first="Young-Mi" last="Kim">Young-Mi Kim</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A3">Graduate Student, Department of Oral Health Post graduate School of Health & Welfare, Dankook University, Cheonan, South Korea.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno><idno type="pmid">21165267</idno><idno type="pmc">2994689</idno><idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2994689</idno><idno type="RBID">PMC:2994689</idno><idno type="doi">10.4047/jap.2009.1.3.124</idno><date when="2009">2009</date><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Corpus">002F39</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PMC">002F39</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">A comparative study on the accuracy of the devices for measuring the implant stability</title><author><name sortKey="Cho, In Ho" sort="Cho, In Ho" uniqKey="Cho I" first="In-Ho" last="Cho">In-Ho Cho</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1">Professor, Department of Prosthodontics, College of Dentistry, Dankook University, Cheonan, South Korea.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lee, Young Il" sort="Lee, Young Il" uniqKey="Lee Y" first="Young-Il" last="Lee">Young-Il Lee</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A2">Graduate Student, Department of Prosthodontics, College of Dentistry, Dankook University, Cheonan, South Korea.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kim, Young Mi" sort="Kim, Young Mi" uniqKey="Kim Y" first="Young-Mi" last="Kim">Young-Mi Kim</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A3">Graduate Student, Department of Oral Health Post graduate School of Health & Welfare, Dankook University, Cheonan, South Korea.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics</title><idno type="ISSN">2005-7806</idno><idno type="eISSN">2005-7814</idno><imprint><date when="2009">2009</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><sec><title>STATEMENT OF PROBLEM</title><p>How the ISQ values measured by Osstell™ and Osstell™ Mentor are related, and whether the ISQ values acquired from the two machines changes in accordance with changes in implant stability are not yet fully understood.</p></sec><sec><title>PURPOSE</title><p>The aim of this study was to find out correlation between the ISQ values acquired from Osstell™ and Osstell™ Mentor, and to evaluate the clinical effectiveness and accuracy of two devices.</p></sec><sec><title>MATERIAL AND METHODS</title><p>Sixty two implants were inserted into 47 patients, and their ISQ values were measured using Osstell™ and Osstell™ Mentor. In the first stage surgery, the ISQ values of forty four implants inserted into thirty five patients were measured. In the second stage surgery, the values of fifty implants inserted into thirty seven patients were measured. The values were analyzed to determine the difference between the mean ISQ values of Osstell™ and Osstell™ Mentor. In addition, the correlation between implants used in the first and second stage of surgery with regard to their types and areas of insertion were analyzed. The difference between the ISQ values of 32 implants in each patient during the first and second stage was analyzed. The statistical assessment was carried out using SPSS V. 12.0 for Win. (SPSS Inc., Chicago, USA). The Pearson correlation coefficient was used to examine the correlation between Osstell™ and Osstell™ Mentor in the first and second stages of surgery, whereas the difference between their ISQ values was evaluated using a paired <italic>t</italic>-test.</p></sec><sec><title>RESULTS</title><p>In the first stage, the mean ISQ value for Osstell™ and Osstell™ Mentor was 70.84 and 75.09, respectively, showing a significant difference (<italic>P</italic> < .01). In the second stage, the mean ISQ value of Osstell™ and Osstell™ Mentor was 71.76 and 75.94, respectively, also showing a significant difference (<italic>P</italic> < .01). The difference between the ISQ values in patients in the first and the second stages was significant with both instruments.</p></sec><sec><title>CONCLUSION</title><p>The significant difference in the values obtained using the Osstell™ and Osstell™ Mentor between the first and second stages of implant surgery indicates that these values can be a convenient and precise way for evaluating the implant stability in clinical practice.</p></sec></div></front><back><div1 type="bibliography"><listBibl><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Br Nemark, P" uniqKey="Br Nemark P">P Brånemark</name></author><author><name sortKey="Zarb, G" uniqKey="Zarb G">G Zarb</name></author><author><name sortKey="Albrektsson, T" uniqKey="Albrektsson T">T Albrektsson</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Choi, Jw" uniqKey="Choi J">JW Choi</name></author><author><name sortKey="Heo, Sj" uniqKey="Heo S">SJ Heo</name></author><author><name sortKey="Chang, It" 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<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">J Adv Prosthodont</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">JAP</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title>The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics</journal-title></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2005-7806</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2005-7814</issn><publisher><publisher-name>The Korean Academy of Prosthodontics</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">21165267</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="pmc">2994689</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.4047/jap.2009.1.3.124</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Original Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>A comparative study on the accuracy of the devices for measuring the implant stability</article-title></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name><surname>Cho</surname><given-names>In-Ho</given-names></name><degrees>DDS</degrees><degrees>MSD</degrees><degrees>PhD</degrees><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A1">1</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Lee</surname><given-names>Young-Il</given-names></name><degrees>DDS</degrees><degrees>MSD</degrees><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A2">2</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Kim</surname><given-names>Young-Mi</given-names></name><degrees>BS</degrees><degrees>RDH</degrees><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A3">3</xref></contrib></contrib-group><aff id="A1"><label>1</label>Professor, Department of Prosthodontics, College of Dentistry, Dankook University, Cheonan, South Korea.</aff><aff id="A2"><label>2</label>Graduate Student, Department of Prosthodontics, College of Dentistry, Dankook University, Cheonan, South Korea.</aff><aff id="A3"><label>3</label>Graduate Student, Department of Oral Health Post graduate School of Health & Welfare, Dankook University, Cheonan, South Korea.</aff><author-notes><corresp>Corresponding author: In-Ho Cho. Department of Prosthodontics, College of Dentistry, Dankook University, San 7-1, Shinboo-Dong, Cheonan, Choongnam, 330-716, Korea. Tel, +82 41 550 1971:<email>cho8511@dku.edu</email></corresp></author-notes><pub-date pub-type="ppub"><month>11</month><year>2009</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>30</day><month>11</month><year>2009</year></pub-date><volume>1</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>124</fpage><lpage>128</lpage><history><date date-type="received"><day>07</day><month>9</month><year>2009</year></date><date date-type="rev-recd"><day>12</day><month>10</month><year>2009</year></date><date date-type="accepted"><day>06</day><month>11</month><year>2009</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright © 2009 The Korean Academy of Prosthodontics</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2009</copyright-year><license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0"><license-p>This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0">http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0</ext-link>) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.</license-p></license></permissions><abstract><sec><title>STATEMENT OF PROBLEM</title><p>How the ISQ values measured by Osstell™ and Osstell™ Mentor are related, and whether the ISQ values acquired from the two machines changes in accordance with changes in implant stability are not yet fully understood.</p></sec><sec><title>PURPOSE</title><p>The aim of this study was to find out correlation between the ISQ values acquired from Osstell™ and Osstell™ Mentor, and to evaluate the clinical effectiveness and accuracy of two devices.</p></sec><sec><title>MATERIAL AND METHODS</title><p>Sixty two implants were inserted into 47 patients, and their ISQ values were measured using Osstell™ and Osstell™ Mentor. In the first stage surgery, the ISQ values of forty four implants inserted into thirty five patients were measured. In the second stage surgery, the values of fifty implants inserted into thirty seven patients were measured. The values were analyzed to determine the difference between the mean ISQ values of Osstell™ and Osstell™ Mentor. In addition, the correlation between implants used in the first and second stage of surgery with regard to their types and areas of insertion were analyzed. The difference between the ISQ values of 32 implants in each patient during the first and second stage was analyzed. The statistical assessment was carried out using SPSS V. 12.0 for Win. (SPSS Inc., Chicago, USA). The Pearson correlation coefficient was used to examine the correlation between Osstell™ and Osstell™ Mentor in the first and second stages of surgery, whereas the difference between their ISQ values was evaluated using a paired <italic>t</italic>-test.</p></sec><sec><title>RESULTS</title><p>In the first stage, the mean ISQ value for Osstell™ and Osstell™ Mentor was 70.84 and 75.09, respectively, showing a significant difference (<italic>P</italic> < .01). In the second stage, the mean ISQ value of Osstell™ and Osstell™ Mentor was 71.76 and 75.94, respectively, also showing a significant difference (<italic>P</italic> < .01). The difference between the ISQ values in patients in the first and the second stages was significant with both instruments.</p></sec><sec><title>CONCLUSION</title><p>The significant difference in the values obtained using the Osstell™ and Osstell™ Mentor between the first and second stages of implant surgery indicates that these values can be a convenient and precise way for evaluating the implant stability in clinical practice.</p></sec></abstract><kwd-group><kwd>Osstell</kwd><kwd>Osstell Mentor</kwd><kwd>ISQ</kwd><kwd>RFA</kwd><kwd>Stability</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><body><sec sec-type="intro"><title>INTRODUCTION</title><p>Osseointegration, which was defined by Brånemark<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref> in 1985, is essential for the clinical success of the implant-driven restoration.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref> Therefore, measuring the implant stability is an important method for evaluating the success of an implant.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref> The implant stability can be classified into two categories: primary stability, which can be acquired while inserting the implant, and secondary stability, which is obtained during healing and remodeling of the surrounding bone. The primary stability is affected by the quantity and quality of bone that the implant is inserted into, surgical procedure, length, diameter, and form of the implant.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref> The secondary stability is the one developed from regeneration and remodeling of the bone and tissue around the implant after insertion but is affected by the primary stability, bone formation and remodeling, etc.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref> Many clinical and experimental methods of measuring osseointegration and implant stability has been developed. Histomorphologic research and removal torque test are classified as destructive methods. Nondestructive methods include percussion test, radiography, cutting torque test while placing implants, Periotest® (Siemens AG, Benshein, Germany), and resonance frequency analysis (RFA).</p><p>Although the removal torque test<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref> is useful for measuring the degree of osseointegration of an implant, its use is limited by the direct tension placed on the interface of an implant and surrounding bone, resulting in possible failure of the implant. A percussion test measures the stability of an implant by simple percussion with the handle of a dental instrument on the implant abutment. However, this method is rather subjective and lacks precision.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref> Radiography provides a useful method for evaluating the quantity and quality of bone in the area for an implant to be inserted before placing the fixture, as well as the quantity and quality of the adjacent marginal bone, suitability of an abutment for prosthodontic treatment and height of the peri-implant bone.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref> However, uniform resolution and standardized taking of X-rays are difficult to achieve. In addition, it is difficult to perceive changes in the bone structures and morphology of the implant-bone interface. While Chai et al.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">12</xref> reported that Periotest® could be an objective and reproducible method of evaluating implant stability, Derhami et al.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13">13</xref> concluded that its result lacks consistency since it is susceptible to the height of the abutment, measurement angle, and the distance between the implant and hand piece. Meredith et al.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14">14</xref> showed resonance frequency analysis as a means of measuring implant stability. In this method, an L-shaped transducer composed of two piezo-ceramic components is connected to an implant and as the frequency increases from 5k Hz to 15k Hz, the first curved resonance frequency detected is considered as the peak. This can be a useful way of evaluating implant stability because of its objectivity and availability to continuously observe the changes in stability that follows the healing process.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B15">15</xref></p><p>Osstell™ (Integration Diagnostics Ltd., Göteborg, Sweden) (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F1">Fig. 1</xref>) and Osstell™ Mentor (Integration Diagnostics Ltd., Göteborg, Sweden) (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F2">Fig. 2</xref>) are devices developed for the clinical application of resonance frequency analysis. Osstell™ (electronic method), which was developed first, measures the resonant frequency by connecting the implant to a transducer, whereas Osstell™ Mentor (magnetic method) measures the resonant frequency using the magnetic frequencies by connecting the implant to a Smartpeg™ (Integration Diagnostics Ltd., Göteborg, Sweden). The RFA value is converted into an ISQ (implant stability quotient) that is scaled from 1 to 100.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14">14</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B16">16</xref> The ISQ increases in proportion to the stiffness of the bone-implant interface or with that of the peri-implant bone.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14">14</xref></p><p>Currently how the ISQ values measured by Osstell™ and Osstell™ Mentor are related, and whether the ISQ values acquired from the two machines changes in accordance with changes in implant stability are not yet fully understood.</p><p>This study examined the correlation between the ISQ values measured by Osstell™ and Osstell™ Mentor as well as the coincidence of the two instruments, and evaluated their utility in practice by investigating the changes in implant stability as a function of time.</p></sec><sec sec-type="materials|methods"><title>MATERIAL AND METHODS</title><sec><title>Specimen</title><p>Sixty two implants inserted into 47 patients who received implant treatment in the Department of Prosthodontics, College of Dentistry, Dankook University were examined. The patients' age ranged from 23 to 78 years with a mean age of 51. Only two-stage implants were used in this study. In the first stage of surgery, 44 implants placed in 35 patients (28 implants in the mandibles and 16 in the maxillas) were measured. In the second stage of surgery, 50 implants were inserted into 37 patients: 36 implants in the mandible and 14 in the maxilla. Twenty five patients with 32 implants underwent the measurements in both stages. Twelve implants in 10 patients were measured in the first stage only, whereas 18 implants in 12 patients were measured in the second stage only (<xref ref-type="table" rid="T1">Table I</xref>).</p></sec><sec><title>Implants</title><p>The implants used for insertion were Replace™ Select Tapered TiUnite (NobleBiocare™ AB, Sweden), Brånemark System® MKIII TiUnite (NobleBiocare™ AB, Sweden), Osseotite® (3i Corp, USA), US II (Osstem, Korea) (<xref ref-type="table" rid="T2">Table II</xref>).</p><p>Thirty implants from Replace™ Select Tapered TiUnite, 11 from Brånemark System® MKIII TiUnite, 2 from US II and 1 from Osseotite® were inserted in the first stage of surgery. Their lengths and diameters are shown in <xref ref-type="table" rid="T3">Tables III</xref> and <xref ref-type="table" rid="T4">IV</xref>, respectively.</p><p>In the second stage of surgery, 29 implants from R/S, 18 from Braå MKIII, 2 from US II and 1 from Osseotite® were inserted. <xref ref-type="table" rid="T5">Tables V</xref> and <xref ref-type="table" rid="T6">VI</xref>, respectively list their lengths and diameters.</p></sec><sec><title>Methods of measurement</title><p>Using Osstell™ and Osstell™ Mentor, each ISQ value was measured after inserting the implant in the first stage and after removing the cover screw in the second stage surgery. While using the Osstell™, implant system and the transducer which was modified for different diameters were put on to the implant without any contact with surrounding soft tissue.</p><p>With Osstell™ Mentor, a Smartpeg™ was connected to the implant in accordance with the diameter, and the measurements were taken from the buccal and mesial sides. Both instruments required three identical values and stored them in the computer.</p></sec><sec><title>Analysis</title><p>Forty four implants from the first stage surgery and 50 from the second stage of surgery were analyzed to determine the difference between the mean ISQ values of Osstell™ and Osstell™ Mentor. In addition, the correlation between implants used in the first and second stage of surgery with regard to their types and areas of insertion were analyzed.</p><p>The difference between the ISQ values of 32 implants in each patient during the first and second stage surgery was analyzed.</p><p>The statistical assessment was carried out using SPSS V. 12.0 for Window (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA). The Pearson correlation coefficient was used to examine the correlation between Osstell™ and Osstell™ Mentor in the first and second stages of surgery, whereas the difference between their ISQ values was evaluated using a paired <italic>t</italic>-test. A paired <italic>t</italic>-test was used to examine the difference between the ISQ values in each surgery in an identical patient.</p></sec></sec><sec sec-type="results"><title>RESULTS</title><p><xref ref-type="table" rid="T7">Table VII</xref> shows the ISQ values of the 44 implants obtained using Osstell™ and Osstell™ Mentor.</p><p>The measurements from the two instruments were significantly different (<italic>P</italic> < .01) and showed a significant correlation (r = 0.61; <italic>P</italic> < .01) (<xref ref-type="table" rid="T8">Table VIII</xref>). The scatter diagram is shown in <xref ref-type="fig" rid="F3">Fig. 3</xref>.</p><p>There was a significant correlation in ISQ values from Osstell™ and Osstell™ Mentor (<italic>P</italic> < .01) for the implants placed in mandible, whereas there was no correlation for those inserted in the maxilla.</p><p>As for the correlation with regard to the implant types, there was a significant correlation with Replace™ Select Tapered TiUnite (<italic>P</italic> < .01), whereas there was no correlation with the Brånemark System® MKIII TiUnite.</p><p><xref ref-type="table" rid="T9">Table IX</xref> lists the ISQ values of the 50 implants obtained with Osstell™ and Osstell™ Mentor.</p><p>The ISQ values obtained from Osstell™ and Osstell™ Mentor showed a significant difference (<italic>P</italic> < .01) as well as a significant correlation (r = 0.65; <italic>P</italic> < .01), (<xref ref-type="table" rid="T10">Table X</xref>). <xref ref-type="fig" rid="F4">Fig. 4</xref> shows the scatter diagram.</p><p>The ISQ values of Osstell™ and Osstell™ Mentor exhibited a significant correlation (<italic>P</italic> < .01) regardless of the location of insertion and types of implants inserted.</p><p><xref ref-type="table" rid="T11">Table XI</xref> lists the ISQ values of the 32 implants inserted into 25 patients obtained with Osstell™ and Osstell Mentor™ during the first and second stage surgery.</p><p>The changes in the ISQ values of both Osstell™ and Osstell Mentor™ showed a significant difference (<italic>P</italic> < .01) (<xref ref-type="table" rid="T12">Table XII</xref>) (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F5">Fig. 5</xref>).</p></sec><sec sec-type="discussion"><title>DISCUSSION</title><p>Since the first report by Brånemark in 1969, many clinical and experimental studies have shown that the insertion of an osseointegrated implant is a good treatment for either fully or partially edentulous patients.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B17">17</xref> Clinically, an implant shows an excellent long-term success rate of approximately 90%.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B18">18</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B19">19</xref> However, failure can occur due to the unsuitable quantity and quality of bone, infection during the healing process, and an excess load while functioning, etc.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14">14</xref></p><p>Although clinically severe mobility and obvious bone absorption observed in radiography can guarantee failure of an implant, it is difficult to confirm this without such evidence.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B20">20</xref> RFA is a non-destructive and objective way of assessing the bone-implant interface.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B20">20</xref> It can also measure the change in implant stability as a function of time, and it is useful for determining the critical time for making prosthetics.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B15">15</xref></p><p>According to Nkenke et al.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B21">21</xref>, RFA is not affected by the PTV (Perio test value) or bone quality, but by bone-to-implant contact. Huang et al.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B22">22</xref> also suggested in their histomorphologic study that the bone-to-implant contact and RFA were related. While Friberg et al.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B23">23</xref> mentioned that RFA was related to the cutting force when inserting an implant, Huang et al.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B24">24</xref> used RFA to demonstrate that the implant stability increases during the healing period and reported it to be a precise and reliable device. Valderrama et al.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B20">20</xref> stated that in cases of a low ISQ value, an adequate healing period would be necessary before loading, whereas Friberg et al.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B25">25</xref> reported that a low ISQ value indicated failure of an implant weeks before radiographic evidence could be obtained. Glauser et al.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B16">16</xref> suggested that RFA could be used to diagnose the possibility of implant failure before the presence of clinical evidence.</p><p>The stability of 44 implants were tested, and the results showed that Osstell™ displayed ISQ values ranging from 60 to 83 with an average of 70.84, while those for Osstell™ Mentor ranged from 64 to 88 with a mean value of 75.09. The difference between the two devices was 4.25, which was statistically significant. Regarding the 50 implants tested during their second stage surgery, the ISQ values for Osstell™ and Osstell™ Mentor showed a mean value of 74.14 and 78.90, respectively. The difference was 4.76, which was also significant.</p><p>During the second stage surgery, the locations in jaws or types of implants did not have a significant impact on the results of the two devices as observed for the first stage surgery, whereby the implants were inserted in the maxillas with the exception of the Brånemark System® MKIII TiUnite. In first and second stages of surgery, Osstell™ Mentor was likely to give 4 - 5 higher ISQ values than Osstell™. With the relatively consistent difference between these two devices, Osstell™ and Osstell™ Mentor are objective and can measure the implant stability confidently. These results are somewhat different from Valderrama's report, ISQ values for Osstell™ Mentor were 8 to 12 points higher than those for Osstell™. This appears to be because Valderrama et al. used one-stage implants, whereas two-stage implants were used in this study. While a one-stage implant is measured at 2.8 mm above the bone level with Osstell™, Osstell™ Mentor involves connecting the implant to a SmartPeg™, which causes a larger difference between the two devices. Recognizing this difference in one-stage implants would help in their clinical application.</p><p>The changes in ISQ values according to the healing process were recorded in the same patient, while he or she underwent each stage of surgery with the two different devices. The ISQ values measured in first and second stage surgery using the Osstell™ ranged from 60 to 83 with the mean value of 71.28. In the second stage surgery, they ranged from 65 to 85 with the mean value of 75.00, this change was statistically significant. With the Osstell™ mentor, the values ranged from 64 to 85 in the first surgery with an average of 75.44, whereas they ranged from 62 to 88 with an average of 80.06 in the second stage surgery. This difference was statistically significant. This shows that the ISQ value measured in the second stage surgery showed a significant increase compared to that of the first surgery, which is in agreement with Meredith et al.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B26">26</xref> and Rasmusson et al.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B27">27</xref> This also suggests that observing the ISQ values constantly after placing an implant in the case of a one-stage implant or after the second procedure in the case of a second-stage implant, would be very useful for determining the critical time for a final prosthetic setting.</p></sec><sec sec-type="conclusions"><title>CONCLUSION</title><p>The ISQ values obtained using Osstell™ and Osstell™ mentor were examined. Both instruments showed a significant difference in the ISQ values (4 to 5 points) with a significant correlation (<italic>P</italic> < .05). The healing process increased the ISQ values significantly for both instruments (<italic>P</italic> < .05). 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A cross-sectional and longitudinal study of resonance frequency measurements on implants in the edentulous and partially dentate maxilla</article-title><source>Clin Oral Implants Res</source><year>1997</year><volume>8</volume><fpage>226</fpage><lpage>233</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">9586467</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="B27"><label>27</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Rasmusson</surname><given-names>L</given-names></name><name><surname>Meredith</surname><given-names>N</given-names></name><name><surname>Sennerby</surname><given-names>L</given-names></name></person-group><article-title>Measurements of stability changes of titanium implants with exposed threads subjected to barrier membrane induced bone augmentation. An experimental study in the rabbit tibia</article-title><source>Clin Oral Implants Res</source><year>1997</year><volume>8</volume><fpage>316</fpage><lpage>322</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">9586479</pub-id></element-citation></ref></ref-list></back><floats-group><fig id="F1" position="float"><label>Fig. 1</label><caption><p>Osstell™ (Integration Diagnostics Ltd., Göteborg, Sweden).</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="jap-1-124-g001"></graphic></fig><fig id="F2" position="float"><label>Fig. 2</label><caption><p>Osstell™ Mentor (Integration Diagnostics Ltd., Göteborg, Sweden).</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="jap-1-124-g002"></graphic></fig><fig id="F3" position="float"><label>Fig. 3</label><caption><p>Scatter diagram of Osstell™ ISQ and Osstell™ Mentor ISQ in the 1<sup>st</sup> surgery.</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="jap-1-124-g003"></graphic></fig><fig id="F4" position="float"><label>Fig. 4</label><caption><p>Scatter diagram between Osstell™ ISQ Osstell™ Mentor ISQ in 2<sup>nd</sup> surgery.</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="jap-1-124-g004"></graphic></fig><fig id="F5" position="float"><label>Fig. 5</label><caption><p>ISQ value measured with Osstell™ and Osstell™ Mentor in the 1<sup>st</sup> and 2<sup>nd</sup> surgery.</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="jap-1-124-g005"></graphic></fig><table-wrap id="T1" position="float"><label>Table I</label><caption><p>Number of patients and implants used in this study</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="jap-1-124-i001"></graphic><table-wrap-foot><fn><p>( ): Number of patients and implants measured only in the 1<sup>st</sup> surgery</p><p>< >: Number of patients and implants measured only in the 2<sup>nd</sup> surgery</p></fn></table-wrap-foot></table-wrap><table-wrap id="T2" position="float"><label>Table II</label><caption><p>Classification of implants used in this study</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="jap-1-124-i002"></graphic></table-wrap><table-wrap id="T3" position="float"><label>Table III</label><caption><p>Diameter of the implants used in the 1<sup>st</sup> surgery</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="jap-1-124-i003"></graphic><table-wrap-foot><fn><p>NP: Narrow Platform, RP: Regular Platform, WP: Wide Flat Platform</p></fn></table-wrap-foot></table-wrap><table-wrap id="T4" position="float"><label>Table IV</label><caption><p>Length of the implants used in the 1<sup>st</sup> surgery</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="jap-1-124-i004"></graphic></table-wrap><table-wrap id="T5" position="float"><label>Table V</label><caption><p>Diameter of the implants used in the 2<sup>nd</sup> surgery</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="jap-1-124-i005"></graphic></table-wrap><table-wrap id="T6" position="float"><label>Table VI</label><caption><p>Length of the implants used in the 2<sup>nd</sup> surgery</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="jap-1-124-i006"></graphic></table-wrap><table-wrap id="T7" position="float"><label>Table VII</label><caption><p>Mean and SD of the ISQ values measured using Osstell™ and Osstell™ Mentor in the 1<sup>st</sup> surgery</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="jap-1-124-i007"></graphic></table-wrap><table-wrap id="T8" position="float"><label>Table VIII</label><caption><p>Pearson's correlation coefficient between Osstell™ ISQ and Osstell™ Mentor ISQ in the 1<sup>st</sup> surgery</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="jap-1-124-i008"></graphic><table-wrap-foot><fn><p>OT : Osstell™ , OTM : Osstell™ Mentor</p><p><sup>*</sup>denotes a pair of groups significantly different at the 0.01 level</p></fn></table-wrap-foot></table-wrap><table-wrap id="T9" position="float"><label>Table IX</label><caption><p>Mean and SD of the ISQ measured with Osstell™ and Osstell™ Mentor in 2<sup>nd</sup> surgery</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="jap-1-124-i009"></graphic></table-wrap><table-wrap id="T10" position="float"><label>Table X</label><caption><p>Pearson's correlation coefficient between Osstell™ ISQ and Osstell™ Mentor ISQ in the 2<sup>nd</sup> surgery</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="jap-1-124-i010"></graphic><table-wrap-foot><fn><p><sup>*</sup>denotes pair of groups significantly different at the 0.01 level</p></fn></table-wrap-foot></table-wrap><table-wrap id="T11" position="float"><label>Table XI</label><caption><p>ISQ values of the patients measured in 1st and 2<sup>nd</sup> surgery</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="jap-1-124-i011"></graphic></table-wrap><table-wrap id="T12" position="float"><label>Table XII</label><caption><p>Results of the paired <italic>T</italic>-test between the 1<sup>st</sup> surgery ISQ and 2<sup>nd</sup> surgery ISQ in Osstell™ and Osstell™ Mentor</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="jap-1-124-i012"></graphic><table-wrap-foot><fn><p>OT1 : ISQ measured with Osstell™ in the 1<sup>st</sup> surgery</p><p>OTM1 : ISQ measured with Osstell™ Mentor in the 1<sup>st</sup> surgery</p><p>OT2 : ISQ measured with Osstell™ in the 2<sup>nd</sup> surgery</p><p>OTM2 : ISQ measured with Osstell™ Mentor in the 2<sup>nd</sup> surgery</p><p><sup>*</sup>denotes pair of groups significantly different at the 0.01 level</p></fn></table-wrap-foot></table-wrap></floats-group></pmc></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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