Links to Exploration step
Le document en format XML
<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Clinical and Radiographic Findings and Usefulness of Computed Tomographic Assessment in Two Children with Regional Odontodysplasia</title><author><name sortKey="Matsuyama, Junko" sort="Matsuyama, Junko" uniqKey="Matsuyama J" first="Junko" last="Matsuyama">Junko Matsuyama</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="I1">Division of Pediatric Dentistry, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, 2-5274 Gakkocho-dori, Chuo-ku, Niigata 951-8514, Japan</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tanaka, Ray" sort="Tanaka, Ray" uniqKey="Tanaka R" first="Ray" last="Tanaka">Ray Tanaka</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="I2">Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, 2-5274 Gakkocho-dori, Chuo-ku, Niigata 951-8514, Japan</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Iizawa, Futabako" sort="Iizawa, Futabako" uniqKey="Iizawa F" first="Futabako" last="Iizawa">Futabako Iizawa</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="I3">Takarazuka Sanda Hospital, 2-22-10 Nishiyama, Sanda, Hyogo, 669-1537, Japan</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sano, Tomiko" sort="Sano, Tomiko" uniqKey="Sano T" first="Tomiko" last="Sano">Tomiko Sano</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="I1">Division of Pediatric Dentistry, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, 2-5274 Gakkocho-dori, Chuo-ku, Niigata 951-8514, Japan</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kinoshita Kawano, Shoko" sort="Kinoshita Kawano, Shoko" uniqKey="Kinoshita Kawano S" first="Shoko" last="Kinoshita-Kawano">Shoko Kinoshita-Kawano</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="I1">Division of Pediatric Dentistry, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, 2-5274 Gakkocho-dori, Chuo-ku, Niigata 951-8514, Japan</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hayashi Sakai, Sachiko" sort="Hayashi Sakai, Sachiko" uniqKey="Hayashi Sakai S" first="Sachiko" last="Hayashi-Sakai">Sachiko Hayashi-Sakai</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="I1">Division of Pediatric Dentistry, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, 2-5274 Gakkocho-dori, Chuo-ku, Niigata 951-8514, Japan</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mitomi, Tomoe" sort="Mitomi, Tomoe" uniqKey="Mitomi T" first="Tomoe" last="Mitomi">Tomoe Mitomi</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="I1">Division of Pediatric Dentistry, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, 2-5274 Gakkocho-dori, Chuo-ku, Niigata 951-8514, Japan</nlm:aff></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno><idno type="pmid">25250179</idno><idno type="pmc">4163494</idno><idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4163494</idno><idno type="RBID">PMC:4163494</idno><idno type="doi">10.1155/2014/764393</idno><date when="2014">2014</date><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Corpus">002980</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PMC">002980</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">Clinical and Radiographic Findings and Usefulness of Computed Tomographic Assessment in Two Children with Regional Odontodysplasia</title><author><name sortKey="Matsuyama, Junko" sort="Matsuyama, Junko" uniqKey="Matsuyama J" first="Junko" last="Matsuyama">Junko Matsuyama</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="I1">Division of Pediatric Dentistry, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, 2-5274 Gakkocho-dori, Chuo-ku, Niigata 951-8514, Japan</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tanaka, Ray" sort="Tanaka, Ray" uniqKey="Tanaka R" first="Ray" last="Tanaka">Ray Tanaka</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="I2">Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, 2-5274 Gakkocho-dori, Chuo-ku, Niigata 951-8514, Japan</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Iizawa, Futabako" sort="Iizawa, Futabako" uniqKey="Iizawa F" first="Futabako" last="Iizawa">Futabako Iizawa</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="I3">Takarazuka Sanda Hospital, 2-22-10 Nishiyama, Sanda, Hyogo, 669-1537, Japan</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sano, Tomiko" sort="Sano, Tomiko" uniqKey="Sano T" first="Tomiko" last="Sano">Tomiko Sano</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="I1">Division of Pediatric Dentistry, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, 2-5274 Gakkocho-dori, Chuo-ku, Niigata 951-8514, Japan</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kinoshita Kawano, Shoko" sort="Kinoshita Kawano, Shoko" uniqKey="Kinoshita Kawano S" first="Shoko" last="Kinoshita-Kawano">Shoko Kinoshita-Kawano</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="I1">Division of Pediatric Dentistry, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, 2-5274 Gakkocho-dori, Chuo-ku, Niigata 951-8514, Japan</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hayashi Sakai, Sachiko" sort="Hayashi Sakai, Sachiko" uniqKey="Hayashi Sakai S" first="Sachiko" last="Hayashi-Sakai">Sachiko Hayashi-Sakai</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="I1">Division of Pediatric Dentistry, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, 2-5274 Gakkocho-dori, Chuo-ku, Niigata 951-8514, Japan</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mitomi, Tomoe" sort="Mitomi, Tomoe" uniqKey="Mitomi T" first="Tomoe" last="Mitomi">Tomoe Mitomi</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="I1">Division of Pediatric Dentistry, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, 2-5274 Gakkocho-dori, Chuo-ku, Niigata 951-8514, Japan</nlm:aff></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Case Reports in Dentistry</title><idno type="ISSN">2090-6447</idno><idno type="eISSN">2090-6455</idno><imprint><date when="2014">2014</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p>Regional odontodysplasia is a rare, severe, and nonhereditary developmental disorder in tooth formation and involves epithelial and mesenchymal-derived dental tissue. On radiographs, affected teeth have an abnormal morphology, a hypoplastic crown, and only a faint outline of hard tissue, a condition termed “ghost teeth.” We report clinical and radiographic findings from two children with regional odontodysplasia. Using computed tomography (CT), we calculated attenuation coefficients (i.e., Hounsfield units) for affected teeth and assessed the condition of dental follicles. To measure density, regions of interest were delimited and CT values were calculated. In our two patients, the CT values for enamel were lower in affected teeth than in sound teeth, while CT values for dentin were similar for affected and sound teeth. The average CT value for dental follicles in affected teeth was about 65 to 120, which suggests that dense fibrous connective tissues or hard tissue-like structures might be present in dental follicles. Analysis of CT values may be quite useful in the diagnosis and treatment of regional odontodysplasia.</p></div></front><back><div1 type="bibliography"><listBibl><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Hitchin, Ad" uniqKey="Hitchin A">AD Hitchin</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Zegarelli, Ev" uniqKey="Zegarelli E">EV Zegarelli</name></author><author><name sortKey="Kutscher, Ah" uniqKey="Kutscher A">AH Kutscher</name></author><author><name sortKey="Applebaum, E" uniqKey="Applebaum E">E Applebaum</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Crawford, Pjm" uniqKey="Crawford P">PJM Crawford</name></author><author><name sortKey="Aldred, Mj" uniqKey="Aldred M">MJ Aldred</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Iizawa, F" uniqKey="Iizawa F">F Iizawa</name></author><author><name sortKey="Kinjoh, N" uniqKey="Kinjoh N">N Kinjoh</name></author><author><name sortKey="Taguchi, Y" uniqKey="Taguchi Y">Y Taguchi</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Kinirons, Mj" uniqKey="Kinirons M">MJ Kinirons</name></author><author><name sortKey="O Brien, Fv" uniqKey="O Brien F">FV O'Brien</name></author><author><name sortKey="Gregg, Ta" uniqKey="Gregg T">TA Gregg</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Gibbard, Pd" uniqKey="Gibbard P">PD Gibbard</name></author><author><name sortKey="Lee, Kw" uniqKey="Lee K">KW Lee</name></author><author><name sortKey="Winter, Gb" uniqKey="Winter G">GB Winter</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Pandis, N" uniqKey="Pandis N">N Pandis</name></author><author><name sortKey="Polido, C" uniqKey="Polido C">C Polido</name></author><author><name sortKey="Bell, Wh" uniqKey="Bell W">WH Bell</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Friedlander Barenboim, S" uniqKey="Friedlander Barenboim S">S Friedlander-Barenboim</name></author><author><name sortKey="Kamburo Lu, K" uniqKey="Kamburo Lu K">K Kamburoğlu</name></author><author><name sortKey="Kaffe, I" uniqKey="Kaffe I">I Kaffe</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Wegener, Oh" uniqKey="Wegener O">OH Wegener</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Crusoe Rebello, I" uniqKey="Crusoe Rebello I">I Crusoé-Rebello</name></author><author><name sortKey="Oliveira, C" uniqKey="Oliveira C">C Oliveira</name></author><author><name sortKey="Campos, Psf" uniqKey="Campos P">PSF Campos</name></author><author><name sortKey="Azevedo, Ra" uniqKey="Azevedo R">RA Azevedo</name></author><author><name sortKey="Dos Santos, Jn" uniqKey="Dos Santos J">JN dos Santos</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Sadeghi, Em" uniqKey="Sadeghi E">EM Sadeghi</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ashrafi, Mh" uniqKey="Ashrafi M">MH Ashrafi</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Kahn, Ma" uniqKey="Kahn M">MA Kahn</name></author><author><name sortKey="Hinson, Rl" uniqKey="Hinson R">RL Hinson</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Hanks, Pa" uniqKey="Hanks P">PA Hanks</name></author><author><name sortKey="Williams, B" uniqKey="Williams B">B Williams,</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Cahuana, A" uniqKey="Cahuana A">A Cahuana</name></author><author><name sortKey="Gonzalez, Y" uniqKey="Gonzalez Y">Y González</name></author><author><name sortKey="Palma, C" uniqKey="Palma C">C Palma</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Gunduz, K" uniqKey="Gunduz K">K Gündüz</name></author><author><name sortKey="Zengin, Z" uniqKey="Zengin Z">Z Zengin</name></author><author><name sortKey="Celenk, P" uniqKey="Celenk P">P Çelenk</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ozden, B" uniqKey="Ozden B">B Özden</name></author><author><name sortKey="Kurt, M" uniqKey="Kurt M">M Kurt</name></author><author><name sortKey="Gunhan, O" uniqKey="Gunhan O">O Gunhan</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Lustmann, J" uniqKey="Lustmann J">J Lustmann</name></author><author><name sortKey="Klein, H" uniqKey="Klein H">H Klein</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ulmansky, M" uniqKey="Ulmansky M">M Ulmansky</name></author></analytic></biblStruct></listBibl></div1></back></TEI><pmc article-type="research-article"><pmc-dir>properties open_access</pmc-dir>
<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Case Rep Dent</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">Case Rep Dent</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">CRID</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title>Case Reports in Dentistry</journal-title></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2090-6447</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2090-6455</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Hindawi Publishing Corporation</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">25250179</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="pmc">4163494</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1155/2014/764393</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Case Report</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Clinical and Radiographic Findings and Usefulness of Computed Tomographic Assessment in Two Children with Regional Odontodysplasia</article-title></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Matsuyama</surname><given-names>Junko</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="I1"><sup>1</sup></xref><xref ref-type="corresp" rid="cor1">*</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Tanaka</surname><given-names>Ray</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="I2"><sup>2</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Iizawa</surname><given-names>Futabako</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="I3"><sup>3</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Sano</surname><given-names>Tomiko</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="I1"><sup>1</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Kinoshita-Kawano</surname><given-names>Shoko</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="I1"><sup>1</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Hayashi-Sakai</surname><given-names>Sachiko</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="I1"><sup>1</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Mitomi</surname><given-names>Tomoe</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="I1"><sup>1</sup></xref></contrib></contrib-group><aff id="I1"><sup>1</sup>Division of Pediatric Dentistry, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, 2-5274 Gakkocho-dori, Chuo-ku, Niigata 951-8514, Japan</aff><aff id="I2"><sup>2</sup>Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, 2-5274 Gakkocho-dori, Chuo-ku, Niigata 951-8514, Japan</aff><aff id="I3"><sup>3</sup>Takarazuka Sanda Hospital, 2-22-10 Nishiyama, Sanda, Hyogo, 669-1537, Japan</aff><author-notes><corresp id="cor1">*Junko Matsuyama: <email>junko@dent.niigata-u.ac.jp</email></corresp><fn fn-type="other"><p>Academic Editor: Junichi Asaumi</p></fn></author-notes><pub-date pub-type="ppub"><year>2014</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>27</day><month>8</month><year>2014</year></pub-date><volume>2014</volume><elocation-id>764393</elocation-id><history><date date-type="received"><day>16</day><month>7</month><year>2014</year></date><date date-type="accepted"><day>18</day><month>8</month><year>2014</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright © 2014 Junko Matsuyama et al.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2014</copyright-year><license xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/"><license-p>This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.</license-p></license></permissions><abstract><p>Regional odontodysplasia is a rare, severe, and nonhereditary developmental disorder in tooth formation and involves epithelial and mesenchymal-derived dental tissue. On radiographs, affected teeth have an abnormal morphology, a hypoplastic crown, and only a faint outline of hard tissue, a condition termed “ghost teeth.” We report clinical and radiographic findings from two children with regional odontodysplasia. Using computed tomography (CT), we calculated attenuation coefficients (i.e., Hounsfield units) for affected teeth and assessed the condition of dental follicles. To measure density, regions of interest were delimited and CT values were calculated. In our two patients, the CT values for enamel were lower in affected teeth than in sound teeth, while CT values for dentin were similar for affected and sound teeth. The average CT value for dental follicles in affected teeth was about 65 to 120, which suggests that dense fibrous connective tissues or hard tissue-like structures might be present in dental follicles. Analysis of CT values may be quite useful in the diagnosis and treatment of regional odontodysplasia.</p></abstract></article-meta></front><body><sec id="sec1"><title>1. Introduction</title><p>Regional odontodysplasia (RO) was initially described by Hitchin in 1934 [<xref rid="B1" ref-type="bibr">1</xref>], and the term odontodysplasia was first proposed in 1963 [<xref rid="B2" ref-type="bibr">2</xref>]. RO is a rare but severe nonhereditary developmental disorder of tooth formation that involves epithelial and mesenchymal-derived dental tissue. It affects primary and permanent dentition and is localized unilaterally in one dental arch. Although the cause of RO is unknown, several hypotheses have been suggested, including trauma, nutritional deficiency, infection, metabolic abnormalities, systemic disease, and genetic effects [<xref rid="B3" ref-type="bibr">3</xref>]. Clinically, RO commonly accompanies delayed, failed, or partial tooth eruption, with or without gingival abscess. The enamel and dentin of affected teeth are hypoplastic and hypocalcified. Irregular pits and grooves are usually present on the surface of affected teeth, which are yellowish or brownish.</p><p>Radiographic images of affected teeth show an abnormal morphology, a hypoplastic crown, and only a faint outline of hard tissue, a condition referred to as “ghost teeth” [<xref rid="B2" ref-type="bibr">2</xref>]. There is reduced contrast between enamel and dentin, both of which have low radiodensity. The enamel and dentin layer are very thin, and the pulp chambers are abnormally large, with open apices and enlarged follicles. In some cases, unerupted teeth are surrounded by X-ray-permeable regions with clear boundaries, which resemble a cyst or tumor. Thinning of neighboring alveolar bone and decrease in trabeculae are also sometimes observed [<xref rid="B4" ref-type="bibr">4</xref>–<xref rid="B6" ref-type="bibr">6</xref>]. Although radiographic findings are important in diagnosing RO, few studies have reported findings from computed tomography (CT) imaging of RO [<xref rid="B7" ref-type="bibr">7</xref>, <xref rid="B8" ref-type="bibr">8</xref>]. On CT images, attenuation coefficients, called Hounsfield units (HU), represent the extent of radiation absorption by structures, which is related to density [<xref rid="B9" ref-type="bibr">9</xref>]. Three-dimensional imaging and data from CT could greatly improve RO diagnosis and treatment. In this study, we report clinical and radiographic findings from two children with regional odontodysplasia. We used CT images to create depth profiles and calculate the attenuation coefficients of affected teeth and the condition of dental follicles.</p></sec><sec id="sec2"><title>2. Case Presentations</title><sec id="sec2.1"><title>2.1. Case 1</title><p>A Japanese boy aged 5 years and 8 months was referred to the Pediatric Dentistry Department of Niigata University Medical and Dental Hospital by a dentist at another clinic. The chief complaint was malformation of the anterior primary and permanent teeth. Extraoral examination revealed no significant abnormalities. His medical history was unremarkable, and no dental or maxillofacial abnormalities were reported in his family. His mother was well and had taken no medications during pregnancy. The patient presented with primary dentition. An edentulous area was observed in the left maxilla: the primary central incisor, primary lateral incisor, and primary canine were missing (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="fig1">Figure 1</xref>). These teeth had been extracted at his previous dental clinic as treatment for severe apical periodontitis. The primary maxillary left second molar was yellowish and had a slightly irregular surface. The other primary teeth appeared normal. A panoramic radiograph at the first examination showed that several permanent maxillary teeth (i.e., the central incisors, left lateral incisor, left canine, and left second premolar) were affected (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="fig2">Figure 2</xref>). These teeth were malformed and hypocalcified, had unusual morphology, and were small and hypoplastic. Furthermore, root formation was immature, and the roots were short. Dental follicles in the crowns of the permanent maxillary left central and lateral incisors were enlarged. The affected edentulous region was temporarily rehabilitated with a removable space maintainer, and the patient was periodically examined for permanent tooth formation.</p><p>At age 8 years and 4 months, the permanent maxillary central incisors and left lateral incisor had not erupted, although other central and lateral incisors had erupted in the oral cavity. A part of the tooth crown of the permanent maxillary left first molar had erupted and was hypoplastic. Affected teeth had a diminished tendency to erupt, and a panoramic radiograph showed that the dental follicles of affected permanent teeth had expanded irregularly (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="fig3">Figure 3</xref>).</p></sec><sec id="sec2.2"><title>2.2. Case 2</title><p>A Japanese boy aged 6 years and 1 month was referred to the Pediatric Dentistry Department of Niigata University Medical and Dental Hospital by his previous dentist. The chief complaint was malformation of the maxillary right primary and permanent central and lateral incisors. His medical history was unremarkable, and no dental or maxillofacial abnormalities were reported in his family. His mother was well and had taken no medications during pregnancy. Extraoral examination revealed no significant abnormalities. The patient presented with primary dentition. The primary maxillary right central and lateral incisors were severely hypoplastic, and only the tooth roots remained in the arch. The primary maxillary right lateral incisors were filled with composite or cement (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="fig4">Figure 4</xref>).</p><p>A radiograph obtained at the first examination showed severe hypoplasia of the primary maxillary right central and lateral incisors. The permanent maxillary right central and lateral incisors were malformed and hypocalcified, had unusual morphology, and were small and hypoplastic. The dental follicles of the crowns of affected permanent teeth were enlarged (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="fig5">Figure 5</xref>). At age 8 years and 2 months, the permanent maxillary left central incisor had erupted, but the primary maxillary right central and lateral incisors remained; thus, the primary maxillary right central and lateral incisors were extracted. At age 9 years and 2 months, the permanent maxillary left lateral incisor had not erupted, although the contralateral incisor had erupted. A periapical radiograph obtained at the same age showed that the degree of calcification of the dental germs of affected incisors had not substantially changed since the initial diagnosis. In addition, there was no evidence of eruption tendency (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="fig6">Figure 6</xref>).</p></sec><sec id="sec2.3"><title>2.3. CT Findings</title><p>At ages 9 years and 5 months (case 1) and 9 years and 10 months (case 2), CT images were obtained to determine whether surgical treatment, such as fenestration, was indicated. To measure density, regions of interest were delimited using Image J software, Version 1.45. The images were analyzed and the profiles are shown in Figures <xref ref-type="fig" rid="fig7">7</xref> and <xref ref-type="fig" rid="fig8">8</xref>.</p><p>Both patients had labial expansion of the dental follicles of affected permanent teeth, and the dental follicles had clearly expanded towards the alveolar ridge. Thinning of the cortical bone and labial bone expansion were also observed (Figures <xref ref-type="fig" rid="fig7">7</xref> and <xref ref-type="fig" rid="fig8">8</xref>). The CT values of regions corresponding to enamel in affected teeth were 2300 to 3300 HU (case 1) and 2200 to 3100 HU (case 2). These values were lower than those for sound enamel in permanent teeth (approximately 4400 HU). The CT values of regions corresponding to dentin were similar for affected teeth and sound teeth (approximately 1800 HU). Because of the degree of calcification, we chose to follow up the patients without performing fenestration.</p><p>The CT values for the dental follicles of affected teeth in case 1 were 65 to 70 HU, which were similar to values for sound teeth (approximately 50 HU). In case 2, the CT values for the dental follicles of affected teeth were 110 to 120 HU, which were higher than the values for sound teeth. These findings suggest that dense fibrous connective tissue or hard tissue-like structures were present in the dental follicles.</p></sec></sec><sec id="sec3"><title>3. Discussion</title><p>A small number of studies have used CT to investigate RO [<xref rid="B7" ref-type="bibr">7</xref>, <xref rid="B8" ref-type="bibr">8</xref>]. Although one study reported detailed CT data for another condition, CT analysis of patients with RO has not been a research priority [<xref rid="B10" ref-type="bibr">10</xref>]. Plane radiographs cannot be used for pathologic three-dimensional evaluation. However, CT images allow clinicians to evaluate localization of dysplasia and hypocalcification, uneven distribution of calcification, radicular form, pulpal form, and periodontal tissues near affected teeth. Because CT data reflect the average radiodensity of all tissue within the volume elements, the density of a specific tissue type can be reliably determined [<xref rid="B9" ref-type="bibr">9</xref>]. We were able to obtain useful information on the degree of tooth calcification by comparing CT images of unerupted and sound teeth. This information could be very useful in diagnosing RO and deciding on a treatment strategy for unerupted teeth. In our two patients, the CT values for the enamel of affected teeth were lower than those for sound teeth, although CT values were similar for the dentin of affected and sound teeth. These findings indicate that hypocalcification is more severe in enamel than in dentin. Crawford and Aldred [<xref rid="B3" ref-type="bibr">3</xref>] found that demineralized sections had a residual enamel matrix, indicating the presence of both hypocalcification and hypoplasia. These histopathological states might be detectable in CT images.</p><p>In some patients, the unerupted tooth is surrounded by X-ray-permeable regions with clear boundaries, which resemble cysts or tumors [<xref rid="B4" ref-type="bibr">4</xref>–<xref rid="B6" ref-type="bibr">6</xref>]. Similarly, in our two patients, the dental follicles of the affected teeth were enlarged and resembled cysts. In our patients, however, the CT values for dental follicles were 65 to 70 HU (case 1) and 110 to 120 HU (case 2) in affected teeth. Thus, these structures were unlikely to be cysts, because the density was higher than that seen in cystic regions (about 20 HU) [<xref rid="B9" ref-type="bibr">9</xref>]. The CT value of muscle is about 50 HU, which suggests that the dental follicles in our patients might contain dense fibrous connective tissue or hard tissue-like structures resembling muscle.</p><p>There is no consensus regarding the treatment of RO [<xref rid="B4" ref-type="bibr">4</xref>, <xref rid="B11" ref-type="bibr">11</xref>–<xref rid="B16" ref-type="bibr">16</xref>]. Some clinicians advocate removal of affected teeth [<xref rid="B12" ref-type="bibr">12</xref>, <xref rid="B16" ref-type="bibr">16</xref>]. In contrast, Iizawa et al. [<xref rid="B4" ref-type="bibr">4</xref>] recommended that affected teeth, except for infected primary teeth, should be retained in the dental arch to promote ordinary jaw development. Nevertheless, most affected teeth are accompanied by severe inflammation, which necessitates extraction [<xref rid="B11" ref-type="bibr">11</xref>, <xref rid="B15" ref-type="bibr">15</xref>]. When permanent teeth erupt in a patient with RO, it may be worthwhile to use noninvasive procedures, such as restoration with preformed crowns, to protect them from pulpal infection.</p><p>Impacted teeth may lead to infections of the tooth germ and sequelae due to the presence of retained epithelial tissues, such as formation of follicular cysts and odontogenic tumors. In our patients, the dental follicles of teeth affected by RO were enlarged and resembled cysts on radiographs. However, CT images revealed that they were fibrous connective tissue rather than cysts. Therefore, promotion of formation and calcification of dental germs in the jaws, rather than immediate fenestration, may be useful for treating RO and protecting hypocalcified teeth from pulpal infection after eruption.</p></sec><sec id="sec4"><title>4. Conclusion</title><p>Three-dimensional imaging and data from CT could greatly improve RO diagnosis and treatment. Because the CT values of regions corresponding to enamel in affected teeth were lower than those for sound enamel, promotion of formation and calcification of dental germs in the jaws, rather than immediate fenestration, may be useful for treating RO.</p></sec></body><back><sec sec-type="conflict"><title>Conflict of Interests</title><p>The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper.</p></sec><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Hitchin</surname><given-names>AD</given-names></name></person-group><article-title>Unerupted deciduous teeth in a youth aged 15 1/2</article-title><source><italic>The British Dental Journal</italic></source><year>1934</year><volume>56</volume><issue>12</issue><fpage>631</fpage><lpage>633</lpage></element-citation></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Zegarelli</surname><given-names>EV</given-names></name><name><surname>Kutscher</surname><given-names>AH</given-names></name><name><surname>Applebaum</surname><given-names>E</given-names></name></person-group><article-title>Odontodysplasia</article-title><source><italic>Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, and Oral pathology</italic></source><year>1963</year><volume>16</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>187</fpage><lpage>193</lpage></element-citation></ref><ref id="B3"><label>3</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Crawford</surname><given-names>PJM</given-names></name><name><surname>Aldred</surname><given-names>MJ</given-names></name></person-group><article-title>Regional odontodysplasia: a bibliography</article-title><source><italic>Journal of Oral Pathology and Medicine</italic></source><year>1989</year><volume>18</volume><issue>5</issue><fpage>251</fpage><lpage>263</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-0024345604</pub-id><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">2549236</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="B4"><label>4</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Iizawa</surname><given-names>F</given-names></name><name><surname>Kinjoh</surname><given-names>N</given-names></name><name><surname>Taguchi</surname><given-names>Y</given-names></name></person-group><article-title>Regional odontodysplasia: long-term observation of a case on the mandibular left side</article-title><source><italic>Pediatric Dental Journal</italic></source><year>2010</year><volume>20</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>103</fpage><lpage>109</lpage></element-citation></ref><ref id="B5"><label>5</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Kinirons</surname><given-names>MJ</given-names></name><name><surname>O'Brien</surname><given-names>FV</given-names></name><name><surname>Gregg</surname><given-names>TA</given-names></name></person-group><article-title>Regional odontodysplasia: an evaluation of three cases based on clinical, microradiographic and histopathological findings</article-title><source><italic>British Dental Journal</italic></source><year>1988</year><volume>165</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>136</fpage><lpage>139</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-0024293066</pub-id><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">2844216</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="B6"><label>6</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Gibbard</surname><given-names>PD</given-names></name><name><surname>Lee</surname><given-names>KW</given-names></name><name><surname>Winter</surname><given-names>GB</given-names></name></person-group><article-title>Odontodysplasia</article-title><source><italic>British Dental Journal</italic></source><year>1973</year><volume>135</volume><issue>12</issue><fpage>525</fpage><lpage>532</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-0015734959</pub-id><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">4358870</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="B7"><label>7</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Pandis</surname><given-names>N</given-names></name><name><surname>Polido</surname><given-names>C</given-names></name><name><surname>Bell</surname><given-names>WH</given-names></name></person-group><article-title>Regional odontodysplasia: a case associated with asymmetric maxillary and mandibular development</article-title><source><italic>Oral Surgery Oral Medicine and Oral Pathology</italic></source><year>1991</year><volume>72</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>492</fpage><lpage>496</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-0026094390</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="B8"><label>8</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Friedlander-Barenboim</surname><given-names>S</given-names></name><name><surname>Kamburoğlu</surname><given-names>K</given-names></name><name><surname>Kaffe</surname><given-names>I</given-names></name></person-group><article-title>Clinical and radiological presentation of hemimaxillofacial dysplasia/segmental odontomaxillary dysplasia: critical analysis and report of a case</article-title><source><italic>Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology and Oral Radiology</italic></source><year>2012</year><volume>113</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>268</fpage><lpage>273</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-84862585912</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="B9"><label>9</label><element-citation publication-type="book"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Wegener</surname><given-names>OH</given-names></name></person-group><source><italic>Whole Body Computed Tomography</italic></source><year>1993</year><edition>2nd edition</edition><publisher-loc>Cambridge, Mass, USA</publisher-loc><publisher-name>Blackwell Scientific Publications</publisher-name></element-citation></ref><ref id="B10"><label>10</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Crusoé-Rebello</surname><given-names>I</given-names></name><name><surname>Oliveira</surname><given-names>C</given-names></name><name><surname>Campos</surname><given-names>PSF</given-names></name><name><surname>Azevedo</surname><given-names>RA</given-names></name><name><surname>dos Santos</surname><given-names>JN</given-names></name></person-group><article-title>Assessment of computerized tomography density patterns of ameloblastomas and keratocystic odontogenic tumors</article-title><source><italic>Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology, Oral Radiology and Endodontology</italic></source><year>2009</year><volume>108</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>604</fpage><lpage>608</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-70349167215</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="B11"><label>11</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Sadeghi</surname><given-names>EM</given-names></name><name><surname>Ashrafi</surname><given-names>MH</given-names></name></person-group><article-title>Regional odontodysplasia: clinical, pathologic, and therapeutic considerations</article-title><source><italic>Journal of the American Dental Association</italic></source><year>1981</year><volume>102</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>336</fpage><lpage>339</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-0019544297</pub-id><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">6257772</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="B12"><label>12</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Kahn</surname><given-names>MA</given-names></name><name><surname>Hinson</surname><given-names>RL</given-names></name></person-group><article-title>Regional odontodysplasia. Case report with etiologic and treatment considerations</article-title><source><italic>Oral Surgery Oral Medicine and Oral Pathology</italic></source><year>1991</year><volume>72</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>462</fpage><lpage>467</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-0026052778</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="B13"><label>13</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Hanks</surname><given-names>PA</given-names></name><name><surname>Williams,</surname><given-names>B</given-names></name></person-group><article-title>Odontodysplasia: report of two cases</article-title><source><italic>Pediatric Dentistry</italic></source><year>1998</year><volume>20</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>199</fpage><lpage>203</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-0032059284</pub-id><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">9635318</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="B14"><label>14</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Cahuana</surname><given-names>A</given-names></name><name><surname>González</surname><given-names>Y</given-names></name><name><surname>Palma</surname><given-names>C</given-names></name></person-group><article-title>Clinical management of regional odontodysplasia</article-title><source><italic>Pediatric Dentistry</italic></source><year>2005</year><volume>27</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>34</fpage><lpage>39</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-17944379867</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="B15"><label>15</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Gündüz</surname><given-names>K</given-names></name><name><surname>Zengin</surname><given-names>Z</given-names></name><name><surname>Çelenk</surname><given-names>P</given-names></name><name><surname>Özden</surname><given-names>B</given-names></name><name><surname>Kurt</surname><given-names>M</given-names></name><name><surname>Gunhan</surname><given-names>O</given-names></name></person-group><article-title>Regional odontodysplasia of the deciduous and permanent teeth associated with eruption disorders: a case report</article-title><source><italic>Medicina Oral, Patologia Oral y Cirugia Bucal</italic></source><year>2008</year><volume>13</volume><issue>9</issue><fpage>e563</fpage><lpage>e566</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-58749086208</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="B16"><label>16</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Lustmann</surname><given-names>J</given-names></name><name><surname>Klein</surname><given-names>H</given-names></name><name><surname>Ulmansky</surname><given-names>M</given-names></name></person-group><article-title>Odontodysplasia. Report of two cases and review of the literature</article-title><source><italic>Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology</italic></source><year>1975</year><volume>39</volume><issue>5</issue><fpage>781</fpage><lpage>793</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-0016501113</pub-id></element-citation></ref></ref-list></back><floats-group><fig id="fig1" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Figure 1</label><caption><p>Intraoral findings at initial visit (case 1). An edentulous area is present in the area of the left primary maxillary central incisor, primary maxillary lateral incisor, and primary canine.</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="CRID2014-764393.001"></graphic></fig><fig id="fig2" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Figure 2</label><caption><p>Panoramic radiograph at initial visit (case 1). Several permanent maxillary teeth are malformed and hypocalcified (arrowheads).</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="CRID2014-764393.002"></graphic></fig><fig id="fig3" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Figure 3</label><caption><p>Panoramic radiograph at age 8 years and 4 months (case 1). Dental follicles of permanent affected teeth have irregularly expanded (arrowheads).</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="CRID2014-764393.003"></graphic></fig><fig id="fig4" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Figure 4</label><caption><p>Intraoral findings at initial visit (case 2). The primary maxillary right central and lateral incisors are severely hypoplastic.</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="CRID2014-764393.004"></graphic></fig><fig id="fig5" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Figure 5</label><caption><p>Panoramic radiograph at first visit (case 2). The permanent maxillary right central and lateral incisors are malformed and hypocalcified.</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="CRID2014-764393.005"></graphic></fig><fig id="fig6" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Figure 6</label><caption><p>Periapical radiograph at age 9 years and 2 months (case 2). There is no evidence of eruption tendency.</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="CRID2014-764393.006"></graphic></fig><fig id="fig7" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Figure 7</label><caption><p>CT images of case 1. (a) Axial CT image shows labial expansion of dental follicles (arrowheads). (b) Multiplanar reconstruction image shows dental follicles clearly expanding toward alveolar ridge (arrowheads).</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="CRID2014-764393.007"></graphic></fig><fig id="fig8" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Figure 8</label><caption><p>CT images of case 2. (a) Axial CT image shows labial expansion of dental follicles (arrowheads). (b) Multiplanar reconstruction image shows dental follicles clearly expanding toward alveolar ridge (arrowheads).</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="CRID2014-764393.008"></graphic></fig></floats-group></pmc></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
EXPLOR_STEP=$WICRI_ROOT/Wicri/Santé/explor/EdenteV2/Data/Pmc/Corpus
HfdSelect -h $EXPLOR_STEP/biblio.hfd -nk 002980 | SxmlIndent | more
Ou
HfdSelect -h $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/Pmc/Corpus/biblio.hfd -nk 002980 | SxmlIndent | more
Pour mettre un lien sur cette page dans le réseau Wicri
{{Explor lien
|wiki= Wicri/Santé
|area= EdenteV2
|flux= Pmc
|étape= Corpus
|type= RBID
|clé=
|texte=
}}
| This area was generated with Dilib version V0.6.32. |  |