Maxillary Sinus Augmentation with Decellularized Bovine Compact Particles: A Radiological, Clinical, and Histologic Report of 4 Cases
Identifieur interne : 002937 ( Pmc/Corpus ); précédent : 002936; suivant : 002938Maxillary Sinus Augmentation with Decellularized Bovine Compact Particles: A Radiological, Clinical, and Histologic Report of 4 Cases
Auteurs : Antonio ScaranoSource :
- BioMed Research International [ 2314-6133 ] ; 2017.
Abstract
Url:
DOI: 10.1155/2017/2594670
PubMed: 28349056
PubMed Central: 5352871
Links to Exploration step
PMC:5352871Le document en format XML
<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Maxillary Sinus Augmentation with Decellularized Bovine Compact Particles: A Radiological, Clinical, and Histologic Report of 4 Cases</title><author><name sortKey="Scarano, Antonio" sort="Scarano, Antonio" uniqKey="Scarano A" first="Antonio" last="Scarano">Antonio Scarano</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="I1">Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences and CeSi-MeT, University of Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy</nlm:aff></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno><idno type="pmid">28349056</idno><idno type="pmc">5352871</idno><idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5352871</idno><idno type="RBID">PMC:5352871</idno><idno type="doi">10.1155/2017/2594670</idno><date when="2017">2017</date><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Corpus">002937</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PMC">002937</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">Maxillary Sinus Augmentation with Decellularized Bovine Compact Particles: A Radiological, Clinical, and Histologic Report of 4 Cases</title><author><name sortKey="Scarano, Antonio" sort="Scarano, Antonio" uniqKey="Scarano A" first="Antonio" last="Scarano">Antonio Scarano</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="I1">Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences and CeSi-MeT, University of Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy</nlm:aff></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">BioMed Research International</title><idno type="ISSN">2314-6133</idno><idno type="eISSN">2314-6141</idno><imprint><date when="2017">2017</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p><italic>Background</italic>. One of the most problematic regions for endosseous implants is the posterior maxilla, not only having poor bone density, but also lacking adequate vertical height as a result of sinus pneumatization. The purpose of the present study was a radiologic, histological, and histomorphometrical evaluation, in humans, of specimens retrieved from sinuses augmented with decellularized bovine compact particles, after a healing period of 6 months.<italic> Methods</italic>. Four patients, with atrophic resorbed maxillas, underwent a sinus lift augmentation with decellularized bovine compact bone from bovine femur. The size of the particles used was 0.25–1 mm. A total of four grafts and 5 biopsies were retrieved and processed to obtain thin ground sections with the Precise 1 Automated System.<italic> Results</italic>. The mean volume after graft elevation calculated for each of the 4 patients was 2106 mm<sup>3</sup> in the immediate postoperative period (5–7 days), ranging from 1408.8 to 2946.4 mm<sup>3</sup>. In the late postoperative period (6 months) it was 2053 mm<sup>3</sup>, ranging from 1339.9 to 2808.9 mm<sup>3</sup>. Histomorphometry showed that newly formed bone was 36 ± 1.6% and marrow spaces were 34 ± 1.6%, while the residual graft material was 35 ± 1.4%.<italic> Conclusion</italic>. In conclusion, based on the outcome of the present study, Re-Bone® can be used with success in sinus augmentation procedures and 6 months are considered an adequate time for maturation before implant placement.</p></div></front><back><div1 type="bibliography"><listBibl><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Smiler, D G" uniqKey="Smiler D">D. G. Smiler</name></author><author><name sortKey="Johnson, P W" uniqKey="Johnson P">P. W. Johnson</name></author><author><name sortKey="Lozada, J L" uniqKey="Lozada J">J. L. Lozada</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Iezzi, G" uniqKey="Iezzi G">G. Iezzi</name></author><author><name sortKey="Piattelli, A" uniqKey="Piattelli A">A. Piattelli</name></author><author><name sortKey="Giuliani, A" uniqKey="Giuliani A">A. Giuliani</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Del Fabbro, M" uniqKey="Del Fabbro M">M. Del Fabbro</name></author><author><name sortKey="Testori, T" uniqKey="Testori T">T. Testori</name></author><author><name sortKey="Francetti, L" uniqKey="Francetti L">L. Francetti</name></author><author><name sortKey="Weinstein, R" uniqKey="Weinstein R">R. Weinstein</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Dos Anjos, T" uniqKey="Dos Anjos T">T. dos Anjos</name></author><author><name sortKey="De Molon, R" uniqKey="De Molon R">R. de Molon</name></author><author><name sortKey="Paim, P" uniqKey="Paim P">P. Paim</name></author><author><name sortKey="Marcantonio, E" uniqKey="Marcantonio E">E. Marcantonio</name></author><author><name sortKey="Marcantonio, E" uniqKey="Marcantonio E">E. Marcantonio</name></author><author><name sortKey="Faeda, R" uniqKey="Faeda R">R. Faeda</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Kent, J N" uniqKey="Kent J">J. N. Kent</name></author><author><name sortKey="Block, M S" uniqKey="Block M">M. S. Block</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Jensen, J" uniqKey="Jensen J">J. Jensen</name></author><author><name sortKey="Simonsen, E K" uniqKey="Simonsen E">E. K. Simonsen</name></author><author><name sortKey="Sindet Pedersen, S" uniqKey="Sindet Pedersen S">S. Sindet-Pedersen</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Raghoebar, G M" uniqKey="Raghoebar G">G. M. Raghoebar</name></author><author><name sortKey="Brouwer, T J" uniqKey="Brouwer T">T. J. Brouwer</name></author><author><name sortKey="Reintsema, H" uniqKey="Reintsema H">H. Reintsema</name></author><author><name sortKey="Van Oort, R P" uniqKey="Van Oort R">R. P. Van Oort</name></author><author><name sortKey="Kent, J N" uniqKey="Kent J">J. N. Kent</name></author><author><name sortKey="Block, M S" uniqKey="Block M">M. S. Block</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Alfonsi, F" uniqKey="Alfonsi F">F. Alfonsi</name></author><author><name sortKey="Borgia, V" uniqKey="Borgia V">V. Borgia</name></author><author><name sortKey="Iezzi, G" uniqKey="Iezzi G">G. Iezzi</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Small, S A" uniqKey="Small S">S. A. Small</name></author><author><name sortKey="Zinner, I D" uniqKey="Zinner I">I. D. Zinner</name></author><author><name sortKey="Panno, F V" uniqKey="Panno F">F. V. Panno</name></author><author><name sortKey="Shapiro, H J" uniqKey="Shapiro H">H. J. Shapiro</name></author><author><name sortKey="Stein, J I" uniqKey="Stein J">J. I. Stein</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Tidwell, J K" uniqKey="Tidwell J">J. K. Tidwell</name></author><author><name sortKey="Blijdorp, P A" uniqKey="Blijdorp P">P. A. Blijdorp</name></author><author><name sortKey="Stoelinga, P J W" uniqKey="Stoelinga P">P. J. W. Stoelinga</name></author><author><name sortKey="Brouns, J B" uniqKey="Brouns J">J. B. Brouns</name></author><author><name sortKey="Hinderks, F" uniqKey="Hinderks F">F. Hinderks</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Moy, P K" uniqKey="Moy P">P. K. Moy</name></author><author><name sortKey="Lundgren, S" uniqKey="Lundgren S">S. Lundgren</name></author><author><name sortKey="Holmes, R E" uniqKey="Holmes R">R. E. Holmes</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Avera, S P" uniqKey="Avera S">S. P. Avera</name></author><author><name sortKey="Stampley, W A" uniqKey="Stampley W">W. A. Stampley</name></author><author><name sortKey="Mcallister, B S" uniqKey="Mcallister B">B. S. McAllister</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Skoglund, A" uniqKey="Skoglund A">A. Skoglund</name></author><author><name sortKey="Hising, P" uniqKey="Hising P">P. Hising</name></author><author><name sortKey="Young, C" uniqKey="Young C">C. Young</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Scarano, A" uniqKey="Scarano A">A. Scarano</name></author><author><name sortKey="Pecora, G" uniqKey="Pecora G">G. Pecora</name></author><author><name sortKey="Piattelli, M" uniqKey="Piattelli M">M. Piattelli</name></author><author><name sortKey="Piattelli, A" uniqKey="Piattelli A">A. Piattelli</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Clergeau, L P" uniqKey="Clergeau L">L. P. Clergeau</name></author><author><name sortKey="Danan, M" uniqKey="Danan M">M. Danan</name></author><author><name sortKey="Clergeau Guerithault, S" uniqKey="Clergeau Guerithault S">S. Clergeau-Guérithault</name></author><author><name sortKey="Brion, M" uniqKey="Brion M">M. Brion</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Hislop, W S" uniqKey="Hislop W">W. S. Hislop</name></author><author><name sortKey="Finlay, P M" uniqKey="Finlay P">P. M. Finlay</name></author><author><name sortKey="Moos, K F" uniqKey="Moos K">K. F. Moos</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Pinholt, E M" uniqKey="Pinholt E">E. M. Pinholt</name></author><author><name sortKey="Bang, G" uniqKey="Bang G">G. Bang</name></author><author><name sortKey="Haanaes, H R" uniqKey="Haanaes H">H. R. Haanaes</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Denissen, H W" uniqKey="Denissen H">H. W. Denissen</name></author><author><name sortKey="De Groot, K" uniqKey="De Groot K">K. de Groot</name></author><author><name sortKey="Makkes, P C" uniqKey="Makkes P">P. C. Makkes</name></author><author><name sortKey="Van Den Hooff, A" uniqKey="Van Den Hooff A">A. van den Hooff</name></author><author><name sortKey="Klopper, P J" uniqKey="Klopper P">P. J. Klopper</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Scarano, A" uniqKey="Scarano A">A. Scarano</name></author><author><name sortKey="Carinci, F" uniqKey="Carinci F">F. Carinci</name></author><author><name sortKey="Quaranta, A" uniqKey="Quaranta A">A. Quaranta</name></author><author><name sortKey="Iezzi, G" uniqKey="Iezzi G">G. Iezzi</name></author><author><name sortKey="Piattelli, M" uniqKey="Piattelli M">M. Piattelli</name></author><author><name sortKey="Piattelli, A" uniqKey="Piattelli A">A. Piattelli</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Adell, R" uniqKey="Adell R">R. Adell</name></author><author><name sortKey="Eriksson, B" uniqKey="Eriksson B">B. Eriksson</name></author><author><name sortKey="Lekholm, U" uniqKey="Lekholm U">U. Lekholm</name></author><author><name sortKey="Br Nemark, P I" uniqKey="Br Nemark P">P. I. Brånemark</name></author><author><name sortKey="Jemt, T" uniqKey="Jemt T">T. Jemt</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Nkenke, E" uniqKey="Nkenke E">E. Nkenke</name></author><author><name sortKey="Stelzle, F" uniqKey="Stelzle F">F. Stelzle</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Scarano, A" uniqKey="Scarano A">A. Scarano</name></author><author><name sortKey="Piattelli, A" uniqKey="Piattelli A">A. Piattelli</name></author><author><name sortKey="Iezzi, G" uniqKey="Iezzi G">G. Iezzi</name></author><author><name sortKey="Varvara, G" uniqKey="Varvara G">G. Varvara</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Scarano, A" uniqKey="Scarano A">A. Scarano</name></author><author><name sortKey="Degidi, M" uniqKey="Degidi M">M. Degidi</name></author><author><name sortKey="Iezzi, G" uniqKey="Iezzi G">G. Iezzi</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Wallace, S S" uniqKey="Wallace S">S. S. Wallace</name></author><author><name sortKey="Froum, S J" uniqKey="Froum S">S. J. Froum</name></author><author><name sortKey="Tarnow, D P" uniqKey="Tarnow D">D. P. Tarnow</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Schwartz, Z" uniqKey="Schwartz Z">Z. Schwartz</name></author><author><name sortKey="Weesner, T" uniqKey="Weesner T">T. Weesner</name></author><author><name sortKey="Van Dijk, S" uniqKey="Van Dijk S">S. Van Dijk</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Lee, J S" uniqKey="Lee J">J.-S. Lee</name></author><author><name sortKey="Shin, H K" uniqKey="Shin H">H.-K. Shin</name></author><author><name sortKey="Yun, J H" uniqKey="Yun J">J.-H. Yun</name></author><author><name sortKey="Cho, K S" uniqKey="Cho K">K.-S. Cho</name></author></analytic></biblStruct></listBibl></div1></back></TEI><pmc article-type="research-article"><pmc-dir>properties open_access</pmc-dir>
<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Biomed Res Int</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">Biomed Res Int</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">BMRI</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title>BioMed Research International</journal-title></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2314-6133</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2314-6141</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Hindawi</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">28349056</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="pmc">5352871</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1155/2017/2594670</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Maxillary Sinus Augmentation with Decellularized Bovine Compact Particles: A Radiological, Clinical, and Histologic Report of 4 Cases</article-title></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid" authenticated="false">http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5528-0853</contrib-id><name><surname>Scarano</surname><given-names>Antonio</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="I1"></xref><xref ref-type="corresp" rid="cor1"><sup>*</sup></xref></contrib></contrib-group><aff id="I1">Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences and CeSi-MeT, University of Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy</aff><author-notes><corresp id="cor1">*Antonio Scarano: <email>ascarano@unich.it</email></corresp><fn fn-type="other"><p>Academic Editor: Changmin Hu</p></fn></author-notes><pub-date pub-type="ppub"><year>2017</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>2</day><month>3</month><year>2017</year></pub-date><volume>2017</volume><elocation-id>2594670</elocation-id><history><date date-type="received"><day>19</day><month>1</month><year>2017</year></date><date date-type="accepted"><day>13</day><month>2</month><year>2017</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright © 2017 Antonio Scarano.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2017</copyright-year><license xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"><license-p>This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.</license-p></license></permissions><abstract><p><italic>Background</italic>. One of the most problematic regions for endosseous implants is the posterior maxilla, not only having poor bone density, but also lacking adequate vertical height as a result of sinus pneumatization. The purpose of the present study was a radiologic, histological, and histomorphometrical evaluation, in humans, of specimens retrieved from sinuses augmented with decellularized bovine compact particles, after a healing period of 6 months.<italic> Methods</italic>. Four patients, with atrophic resorbed maxillas, underwent a sinus lift augmentation with decellularized bovine compact bone from bovine femur. The size of the particles used was 0.25–1 mm. A total of four grafts and 5 biopsies were retrieved and processed to obtain thin ground sections with the Precise 1 Automated System.<italic> Results</italic>. The mean volume after graft elevation calculated for each of the 4 patients was 2106 mm<sup>3</sup> in the immediate postoperative period (5–7 days), ranging from 1408.8 to 2946.4 mm<sup>3</sup>. In the late postoperative period (6 months) it was 2053 mm<sup>3</sup>, ranging from 1339.9 to 2808.9 mm<sup>3</sup>. Histomorphometry showed that newly formed bone was 36 ± 1.6% and marrow spaces were 34 ± 1.6%, while the residual graft material was 35 ± 1.4%.<italic> Conclusion</italic>. In conclusion, based on the outcome of the present study, Re-Bone® can be used with success in sinus augmentation procedures and 6 months are considered an adequate time for maturation before implant placement.</p></abstract></article-meta></front><body><sec id="sec1"><title>1. Introduction</title><p>The rehabilitation of the edentulous posterior maxilla with dental implants often represents a clinical challenge due to the insufficient bone volume resulting from pneumatization of the maxillary sinus and crestal bone resorption. The resultant atrophic residual ridge is one of low-density trabecular bone with a minimal cortical component [<xref rid="B1" ref-type="bibr">1</xref>]. The maxillary sinus lifting technique is a common surgical technique to augment bone volume in atrophic posterior maxilla [<xref rid="B2" ref-type="bibr">2</xref>] and healing was allowed for about 6 to 8 months before implant insertion [<xref rid="B3" ref-type="bibr">3</xref>]. One of the most problematic regions is the posterior maxilla, not only having poor bone density, but also lacking adequate vertical height for endosseous implants as a result of sinus pneumatization. Sinus floor augmentation can provide the necessary bone mass to place and stabilize implants essential for the initial steps towards osseointegration [<xref rid="B4" ref-type="bibr">4</xref>].</p><p>Different materials are used in sinus lifting, such as autogenous bone grafts [<xref rid="B5" ref-type="bibr">5</xref>–<xref rid="B7" ref-type="bibr">7</xref>], allografts [<xref rid="B8" ref-type="bibr">8</xref>, <xref rid="B9" ref-type="bibr">9</xref>], alloplast [<xref rid="B8" ref-type="bibr">8</xref>–<xref rid="B11" ref-type="bibr">11</xref>], and xenografts [<xref rid="B8" ref-type="bibr">8</xref>, <xref rid="B12" ref-type="bibr">12</xref>, <xref rid="B13" ref-type="bibr">13</xref>].</p><p>Bovine bone particles were used with success in sinus lifting [<xref rid="B14" ref-type="bibr">14</xref>]. No pathological inflammatory cell infiltrate or foreign body reactions were reported with the use of anorganic bone [<xref rid="B15" ref-type="bibr">15</xref>, <xref rid="B16" ref-type="bibr">16</xref>]. Bovine bone has been shown to be highly biocompatible with hard oral tissues in animals and man [<xref rid="B17" ref-type="bibr">17</xref>, <xref rid="B18" ref-type="bibr">18</xref>].</p><p>The aim of the present study was a radiologic, histological, and histomorphometrical evaluation, in humans, of specimens retrieved from sinuses augmented with decellularized bovine compact particles, after a healing period of 6 months.</p></sec><sec id="sec2"><title>2. Materials and Methods</title><p>Four patients, with atrophic resorbed maxillas, underwent sinus lift augmentation with decellularized bovine compact bone from bovine femur (Re-Bone, UBGEN Padova, Italy) (Figures <xref ref-type="fig" rid="fig1">1</xref><xref ref-type="fig" rid="fig2"></xref><xref ref-type="fig" rid="fig3"></xref>–<xref ref-type="fig" rid="fig4">4</xref>). The graft was condensed at each stage and a collagen membrane (SHELTER®, UBGEN Padova, Italy) The sizes of particles used were 0.25–1 mm. The sinus lift procedures were carried out as described by Boyne and James in 1980 (Figures <xref ref-type="fig" rid="fig2">2</xref><xref ref-type="fig" rid="fig3"></xref>–<xref ref-type="fig" rid="fig4">4</xref>). In all cases the sinus lifting procedure was considered to be successful and the insertion of implants of at least 12 mm was performed in all cases after 6 months. Biopsy specimens were retrieved at 6 months. A biopsy of the regenerated tissues was carried out with a small trephine under generous saline irrigation (Figures <xref ref-type="fig" rid="fig5">5</xref><xref ref-type="fig" rid="fig6"></xref>–<xref ref-type="fig" rid="fig7">7</xref>). A total of four grafts and 5 biopsies were retrieved. The cores were obtained at a mean depth of 12 mm. The specimens were retrieved, washed in saline solution, and immediately fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde and 0.1% glutaraldehyde in 0.15 M cacodylate buffer al 4°C and pH 7.4, to be processed for histology. The specimens were processed to obtain thin ground sections with the Precise 1 Automated System (Assing, Rome, Italy) [<xref rid="B19" ref-type="bibr">19</xref>]. The specimens were dehydrated in an ascending series of alcohol rinses and embedded in a glycolmethacrylate resin (Technovit 7200 VLC, Kulzer, Germany). After polymerization the specimens were sectioned with a high precision diamond disc at about 150 <italic>μ</italic>m and ground down to about 30 <italic>μ</italic>m. The slides were stained with basic fuchsin, toluidine blue, and von Kossa. The histochemical analysis of acid and alkaline phosphatases was carried out according to a previously described protocol. For general morphologic observations, sections were stained with toluidine blue and observed under light microscopy. To determine the relative distribution of the new matrix bone and osteoblast activity, morphological analyses were performed. A polarized light was used to distinguish lamellar bone and woven bone.</p></sec><sec id="sec3"><title>3. Results</title><p>The mean volume after graft elevation calculated for each of the 4 patients was 2106 mm<sup>3</sup> in the immediate postoperative period (5–7 days), ranging from 1408.8 to 2946.4 mm<sup>3</sup>. In the late postoperative period (6 months) it was 2053 mm<sup>3</sup>, ranging from 1339.9 to 2808.9 mm<sup>3</sup> (Figures <xref ref-type="fig" rid="fig5">5</xref> and <xref ref-type="fig" rid="fig6">6</xref>). <xref ref-type="table" rid="tab1"> Table 1</xref>.</p><p>No perforation of the sinus membrane was evident in any of the cases. No acute infection, with pain or fever, was observed. In all cases, bone augmentation showed hyperdensity for comparison between the immediate postoperative period and the late postoperative period, with more density than native bone at both times. The statistical analysis demonstrated a significant difference in volume alterations (<italic>P</italic> = 0.0119).</p><p>In general, bone morphology was well present with well differentiated cellular constituents mineralized bone, osteoid, osteoblasts, osteocytes, and blood vessels. At low magnification, trabecular mature bone was observed (Figures <xref ref-type="fig" rid="fig7">7</xref> and <xref ref-type="fig" rid="fig8">8</xref>). The initial formation of immature bone extending from the periphery of the bone cavities was evident. The rest of the bone cavity contained mature tissue and biomaterial with a mild inflammatory reaction.</p><p>Re-Bone particles were easily distinguished from the newly formed bone: they tended to be less stained due to the low content of collagen. The particles were surrounded by newly formed bone (Figures <xref ref-type="fig" rid="fig8">8</xref> and <xref ref-type="fig" rid="fig9">9</xref>). In a few marrow space areas, in which it was possible to find small capillaries, some particles were present at the interface. In some areas osteoblasts were observed in the process of posing bone directly onto the particle surface. Some positive osteoclast for acid phosphatase and a few positive osteoblast for alkaline phosphatases were observed. Histomorphometry showed that newly formed bone was 36 ± 1.6% and marrow spaces were 34 ± 1.6%, while the residual graft material was 35 ± 1.4%.</p></sec><sec id="sec4"><title>4. Discussion</title><p>Oral rehabilitation with osseointegrated implants is very successful and predictable in patients with normal bone volume and density, which provide adequate stabilization of implants of standard diameter and length [<xref rid="B20" ref-type="bibr">20</xref>]. Rehabilitation of the edentulous posterior maxilla with dental implants is often difficult because bone height is insufficient and cancellous [<xref rid="B2" ref-type="bibr">2</xref>].</p><p>Although there is a high risk of implant displacement/migration into the maxillary, this has been only rarely reported [<xref rid="B10" ref-type="bibr">10</xref>, <xref rid="B21" ref-type="bibr">21</xref>]. Different biomaterials can be successfully used for sinus lifting. Many research data show that bovine bone grafting in this areas is not contraindicated and represent a procedure with low morbidity [<xref rid="B2" ref-type="bibr">2</xref>, <xref rid="B4" ref-type="bibr">4</xref>]. This xenograft is the one most commonly used material for sinus floor augmentation and has the most powerful scientific evidence for sinus grafting [<xref rid="B2" ref-type="bibr">2</xref>, <xref rid="B4" ref-type="bibr">4</xref>, <xref rid="B14" ref-type="bibr">14</xref>, <xref rid="B19" ref-type="bibr">19</xref>, <xref rid="B22" ref-type="bibr">22</xref>–<xref rid="B27" ref-type="bibr">24</xref>] because its structure is similar to that of human [<xref rid="B22" ref-type="bibr">22</xref>].</p><p>In fact the outcomes of the present study showed that the Re-Bone particles appeared to be surrounded by an abundant quantity of newly formed bone. This biomaterials appeared to undergo a slow resorption process; in fact in the present study, after 6 months of observation, most of the grafting material was still in place. This study is consistent with other studies reported that the use the bovine bone as a grafting material yielded a bone formation and no presence of inflammatory cell infiltrate [<xref rid="B23" ref-type="bibr">25</xref>, <xref rid="B24" ref-type="bibr">26</xref>]. Close contact between most of the materials and the newly formed osseous tissue was present, near but not in contact with the implant surface [<xref rid="B14" ref-type="bibr">14</xref>]. Several authors have discussed the use of different graft materials and have documented results both similar and varied when compared to those in the present study [<xref rid="B14" ref-type="bibr">14</xref>, <xref rid="B26" ref-type="bibr">23</xref>]. A biomaterial similar to Re-Bone is the Bio-Oss®; this has a similar size, structure, and biological response with conducive to vessel ingrowth [<xref rid="B15" ref-type="bibr">15</xref>, <xref rid="B21" ref-type="bibr">21</xref>]. According to our experience and previous literature, we did not observe histological differences between Bio-Oss and Re-Bone [<xref rid="B14" ref-type="bibr">14</xref>, <xref rid="B26" ref-type="bibr">23</xref>]. The outcomes of this study revealed new bone formation around the graft particles (36 ± 1.6%) within the maxillary sinus after six months of healing. The particles showed absence of gaps at the bone-particles interface, and the bone was always in close contact with the particles. This xenograft has excellent osteoconductive properties; in fact the outcomes of the present study showed that the Re-Bone particles appeared to be surrounded by an abundant quantity of newly formed bone. Probably, also Re-Bone can be resorbed by osteoclasts [<xref rid="B21" ref-type="bibr">21</xref>, <xref rid="B27" ref-type="bibr">24</xref>]. The grafted biomaterial was clearly distinguishable from the remaining original bone due to its density and structure. This is the first case reported in the literature to use Re-Bone granules as bone grafts in sinus lifts. The granular nature of the material facilitated its application between the sinus filling and newly formed bone.<italic> Through</italic> surgery, the scaffold can be easily adapted to the dimension and of the sinus. During graft placement it can quickly adsorb the blood molecules and cells promoting bone formation. Its architecture favors cell attachment and proliferation. In addition, the properties exhibited make Re-Bone a valid alternative to autogenous grafting, preventing the added morbidity of a donor surgical site. Our results were similar with a recent randomized clinical trial published in 2016 to compare histological bone quality and radiographic volume stability in maxillary sinuses grafted with porcine bone and bovine bone that confirms the validity of the bovine bone when used for sinus lifting [<xref rid="B24" ref-type="bibr">26</xref>]. The outcomes of the present bone core histomorphometric study showed a 35 ± 1.6% presence of Re-Bone and 36 ± 1.6% newly formed bone during the 6-month healing period. This means bone formation with low standard variation between 5 biopsies was not statistically significant. Therefore, 6 months are considered adequate time for Re-Bone maturation before implant placement or the uncovering of implants placed at the same time as grafting.</p><p>Obviously, with only 4 grafts and 5 biopsies, the data presented in this study cannot be considered conclusive. However, these results help to set practice parameters that will assure a study with a large number of patients in the future. In conclusion, the findings from the present four case reports support the use of Re-Bone as a bone substitute in maxillary sinus augmentation procedures.</p></sec></body><back><ack><title>Acknowledgments</title><p>The author also acknowledges the helpful technical assistance of Dr. Mauro di Berardino (X-ray Technician) in the elaboration of CBCT.</p></ack><sec sec-type="COI-statement"><title>Competing Interests</title><p>The author declares that there are no competing interests.</p></sec><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Smiler</surname><given-names>D. G.</given-names></name><name><surname>Johnson</surname><given-names>P. W.</given-names></name><name><surname>Lozada</surname><given-names>J. L.</given-names></name><etal></etal></person-group><article-title>Sinus lift grafts and endosseous implants. Treatment of the atrophic posterior maxilla</article-title><source><italic>Dental Clinics of North America</italic></source><year>1992</year><volume>36</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>151</fpage><lpage>187</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-0026487429</pub-id><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">1737600</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Iezzi</surname><given-names>G.</given-names></name><name><surname>Piattelli</surname><given-names>A.</given-names></name><name><surname>Giuliani</surname><given-names>A.</given-names></name><etal></etal></person-group><article-title>Molecular, cellular and pharmaceutical aspects of bone grafting materials and membranes during maxillary Sinus-lift Procedures. Part 1: A General Overview</article-title><source><italic>Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology</italic></source><year>2017</year><volume>18</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>19</fpage><lpage>32</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.2174/1389201017666161221155237</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="B3"><label>3</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Del Fabbro</surname><given-names>M.</given-names></name><name><surname>Testori</surname><given-names>T.</given-names></name><name><surname>Francetti</surname><given-names>L.</given-names></name><name><surname>Weinstein</surname><given-names>R.</given-names></name></person-group><article-title>Systematic review of survival rates for implants placed in the grafted maxillary sinus</article-title><source><italic>International Journal of Periodontics and Restorative Dentistry</italic></source><year>2004</year><volume>24</volume><issue>6</issue><fpage>565</fpage><lpage>577</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-8744307271</pub-id><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">15626319</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="B4"><label>4</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>dos Anjos</surname><given-names>T.</given-names></name><name><surname>de Molon</surname><given-names>R.</given-names></name><name><surname>Paim</surname><given-names>P.</given-names></name><name><surname>Marcantonio</surname><given-names>E.</given-names></name><name><surname>Marcantonio</surname><given-names>E.</given-names><suffix>Jr.</suffix></name><name><surname>Faeda</surname><given-names>R.</given-names></name></person-group><article-title>Implant stability after sinus floor augmentation with deproteinized bovine bone mineral particles of different sizes: a prospective, randomized and controlled split-mouth clinical trial</article-title><source><italic>International Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery</italic></source><year>2016</year><volume>45</volume><issue>12</issue><fpage>1556</fpage><lpage>1563</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1016/j.ijom.2016.09.004</pub-id><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">27692642</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="B5"><label>5</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Kent</surname><given-names>J. N.</given-names></name><name><surname>Block</surname><given-names>M. S.</given-names></name></person-group><article-title>Simultaneous maxillary sinus floor bone grafting and placement of hydroxylapatite-coated implants</article-title><source><italic>Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery</italic></source><year>1989</year><volume>47</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>238</fpage><lpage>242</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1016/0278-2391(89)90225-5</pub-id><pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-0024503767</pub-id><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">2646403</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="B6"><label>6</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Jensen</surname><given-names>J.</given-names></name><name><surname>Simonsen</surname><given-names>E. K.</given-names></name><name><surname>Sindet-Pedersen</surname><given-names>S.</given-names></name></person-group><article-title>Reconstruction of the severely resorbed maxilla with bone grafting and osseointegrated implants: a preliminary report</article-title><source><italic>Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery</italic></source><year>1990</year><volume>48</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>27</fpage><lpage>32</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1016/0278-2391(90)90175-2</pub-id><pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-0025141742</pub-id><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">2294209</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="B7"><label>7</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Raghoebar</surname><given-names>G. M.</given-names></name><name><surname>Brouwer</surname><given-names>T. J.</given-names></name><name><surname>Reintsema</surname><given-names>H.</given-names></name><name><surname>Van Oort</surname><given-names>R. P.</given-names></name><name><surname>Kent</surname><given-names>J. N.</given-names></name><name><surname>Block</surname><given-names>M. S.</given-names></name></person-group><article-title>Augmentation of the maxillary sinus floor with autogenous bone for the placement of endosseous implants: a preliminary report</article-title><source><italic>Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery</italic></source><year>1993</year><volume>51</volume><issue>11</issue><fpage>1198</fpage><lpage>1203</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1016/s0278-2391(10)80288-5</pub-id><pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-0027424467</pub-id><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">8229391</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="B8"><label>8</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Alfonsi</surname><given-names>F.</given-names></name><name><surname>Borgia</surname><given-names>V.</given-names></name><name><surname>Iezzi</surname><given-names>G.</given-names></name><etal></etal></person-group><article-title>Molecular, cellular and pharmaceutical aspects of filling biomaterials during the management of extraction sockets</article-title><source><italic>Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology</italic></source><year>2017</year><volume>18</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>64</fpage><lpage>75</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.2174/1389201018666161223152607</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="B9"><label>9</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Small</surname><given-names>S. A.</given-names></name><name><surname>Zinner</surname><given-names>I. D.</given-names></name><name><surname>Panno</surname><given-names>F. V.</given-names></name><name><surname>Shapiro</surname><given-names>H. J.</given-names></name><name><surname>Stein</surname><given-names>J. I.</given-names></name></person-group><article-title>Augmenting the maxillary sinus for implants: report of 27 patients</article-title><source><italic>The International Journal of Oral & Maxillofacial Implants</italic></source><year>1993</year><volume>8</volume><issue>5</issue><fpage>523</fpage><lpage>528</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-0027751107</pub-id><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">8112791</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="B10"><label>10</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Tidwell</surname><given-names>J. K.</given-names></name><name><surname>Blijdorp</surname><given-names>P. A.</given-names></name><name><surname>Stoelinga</surname><given-names>P. J. W.</given-names></name><name><surname>Brouns</surname><given-names>J. B.</given-names></name><name><surname>Hinderks</surname><given-names>F.</given-names></name></person-group><article-title>Composite grafting of the maxillary sinus for placement of endosteal implants. A preliminary report of 48 patients</article-title><source><italic>International Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery</italic></source><year>1992</year><volume>21</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>204</fpage><lpage>209</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1016/S0901-5027(05)80219-X</pub-id><pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-0026674551</pub-id><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">1328414</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="B11"><label>11</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Moy</surname><given-names>P. K.</given-names></name><name><surname>Lundgren</surname><given-names>S.</given-names></name><name><surname>Holmes</surname><given-names>R. E.</given-names></name></person-group><article-title>Maxillary sinus augmentation: histomorphometric analysis of graft materials for maxillary sinus floor augmentation</article-title><source><italic>Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery</italic></source><year>1993</year><volume>51</volume><issue>8</issue><fpage>857</fpage><lpage>862</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1016/s0278-2391(10)80103-x</pub-id><pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-0027165337</pub-id><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">8393101</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="B12"><label>12</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Avera</surname><given-names>S. P.</given-names></name><name><surname>Stampley</surname><given-names>W. A.</given-names></name><name><surname>McAllister</surname><given-names>B. S.</given-names></name></person-group><article-title>Histologic and clinical observations of resorbable and nonresorbable barrier membranes used in maxillary sinus graft containment</article-title><source><italic>International Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Implants</italic></source><year>1997</year><volume>12</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>88</fpage><lpage>94</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-0030636899</pub-id><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">9048460</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="B13"><label>13</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Skoglund</surname><given-names>A.</given-names></name><name><surname>Hising</surname><given-names>P.</given-names></name><name><surname>Young</surname><given-names>C.</given-names></name></person-group><article-title>A clinical and histologic examination in humans of the osseous response to implanted natural bone mineral</article-title><source><italic>International Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Implants</italic></source><year>1997</year><volume>12</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>194</fpage><lpage>199</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-0031088702</pub-id><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">9109269</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="B14"><label>14</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Scarano</surname><given-names>A.</given-names></name><name><surname>Pecora</surname><given-names>G.</given-names></name><name><surname>Piattelli</surname><given-names>M.</given-names></name><name><surname>Piattelli</surname><given-names>A.</given-names></name></person-group><article-title>Osseointegration in a sinus augmented with bovine porous bone mineral: histological results in an implant retrieved 4 years after insertion. A case report</article-title><source><italic>Journal of Periodontology</italic></source><year>2004</year><volume>75</volume><issue>8</issue><fpage>1161</fpage><lpage>1166</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1902/jop.2004.75.8.1161</pub-id><pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-4644256897</pub-id><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">15455746</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="B15"><label>15</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Clergeau</surname><given-names>L. P.</given-names></name><name><surname>Danan</surname><given-names>M.</given-names></name><name><surname>Clergeau-Guérithault</surname><given-names>S.</given-names></name><name><surname>Brion</surname><given-names>M.</given-names></name></person-group><article-title>Healing response to anorganic bone implantation in periodontal intrabony defects in dogs. Part I. Bone regeneration. A microradiographic study</article-title><source><italic>Journal of Periodontology</italic></source><year>1996</year><volume>67</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>140</fpage><lpage>149</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1902/jop.1996.67.2.140</pub-id><pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-0030077188</pub-id><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">8667134</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="B16"><label>16</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Hislop</surname><given-names>W. S.</given-names></name><name><surname>Finlay</surname><given-names>P. M.</given-names></name><name><surname>Moos</surname><given-names>K. F.</given-names></name></person-group><article-title>A preliminary study into the uses of anorganic bone in oral and maxillofacial surgery</article-title><source><italic>British Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery</italic></source><year>1993</year><volume>31</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>149</fpage><lpage>153</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1016/0266-4356(93)90113-B</pub-id><pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-0027195216</pub-id><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">8512907</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="B17"><label>17</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Pinholt</surname><given-names>E. M.</given-names></name><name><surname>Bang</surname><given-names>G.</given-names></name><name><surname>Haanaes</surname><given-names>H. R.</given-names></name></person-group><article-title>Alveolar ridge augmentation in rats by Bio-Oss</article-title><source><italic>Scandinavian Journal of Dental Research</italic></source><year>1991</year><volume>99</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>154</fpage><lpage>161</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-0026144928</pub-id><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">1828906</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="B18"><label>18</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Denissen</surname><given-names>H. W.</given-names></name><name><surname>de Groot</surname><given-names>K.</given-names></name><name><surname>Makkes</surname><given-names>P. C.</given-names></name><name><surname>van den Hooff</surname><given-names>A.</given-names></name><name><surname>Klopper</surname><given-names>P. J.</given-names></name></person-group><article-title>Tissue response to dense apatite implants in rats</article-title><source><italic>Journal of Biomedical Materials Research</italic></source><year>1980</year><volume>14</volume><issue>6</issue><fpage>713</fpage><lpage>721</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1002/jbm.820140603</pub-id><pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-0019079053</pub-id><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">7052204</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="B19"><label>19</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Scarano</surname><given-names>A.</given-names></name><name><surname>Carinci</surname><given-names>F.</given-names></name><name><surname>Quaranta</surname><given-names>A.</given-names></name><name><surname>Iezzi</surname><given-names>G.</given-names></name><name><surname>Piattelli</surname><given-names>M.</given-names></name><name><surname>Piattelli</surname><given-names>A.</given-names></name></person-group><article-title>Correlation between implant stability quotient (ISQ) with clinical and histological aspects of dental implants removed for mobility</article-title><source><italic>International Journal of Immunopathology and Pharmacology</italic></source><year>2007</year><volume>20</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>33</fpage><lpage>36</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-41649098563</pub-id><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">17897499</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="B20"><label>20</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Adell</surname><given-names>R.</given-names></name><name><surname>Eriksson</surname><given-names>B.</given-names></name><name><surname>Lekholm</surname><given-names>U.</given-names></name><name><surname>Brånemark</surname><given-names>P. I.</given-names></name><name><surname>Jemt</surname><given-names>T.</given-names></name></person-group><article-title>Long-term follow-up study of osseointegrated implants in the treatment of totally edentulous jaws</article-title><source><italic>The International Journal of Oral & Maxillofacial Implants</italic></source><year>1990</year><volume>5</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>347</fpage><lpage>359</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-0025583364</pub-id><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">2094653</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="B21"><label>21</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Nkenke</surname><given-names>E.</given-names></name><name><surname>Stelzle</surname><given-names>F.</given-names></name></person-group><article-title>Clinical outcomes of sinus floor augmentation for implant placement using autogenous bone or bone substitutes: a systematic review</article-title><source><italic>Clinical Oral Implants Research</italic></source><year>2009</year><volume>20</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>124</fpage><lpage>133</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1111/j.1600-0501.2009.01776.x</pub-id><pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-68549135137</pub-id><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">19663959</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="B22"><label>22</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Scarano</surname><given-names>A.</given-names></name><name><surname>Piattelli</surname><given-names>A.</given-names></name><name><surname>Iezzi</surname><given-names>G.</given-names></name><name><surname>Varvara</surname><given-names>G.</given-names></name></person-group><article-title>Spontaneous bone formation on the maxillary sinus floor in association with surgery to remove a migrated dental implant: a case report</article-title><source><italic>Minerva Stomatologica</italic></source><year>2014</year><volume>63</volume><issue>10</issue><fpage>351</fpage><lpage>359</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-84926344722</pub-id><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">25503094</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="B26"><label>23</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Scarano</surname><given-names>A.</given-names></name><name><surname>Degidi</surname><given-names>M.</given-names></name><name><surname>Iezzi</surname><given-names>G.</given-names></name><etal></etal></person-group><article-title>Maxillary sinus augmentation with different biomaterials: a comparative histologic and histomorphometric study in man</article-title><source><italic>Implant Dentistry</italic></source><year>2006</year><volume>15</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>197</fpage><lpage>207</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1097/01.id.0000220120.54308.f3</pub-id><pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-33748119078</pub-id><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">16766904</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="B27"><label>24</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Wallace</surname><given-names>S. S.</given-names></name><name><surname>Froum</surname><given-names>S. J.</given-names></name><name><surname>Tarnow</surname><given-names>D. P.</given-names></name></person-group><article-title>Histologic evaluation of sinus elevation procedure: a clinical report</article-title><source><italic>International Journal of Periodontics and Restorative Dentistry</italic></source><year>1996</year><volume>16</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>47</fpage><lpage>51</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-0008635347</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="B23"><label>25</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Schwartz</surname><given-names>Z.</given-names></name><name><surname>Weesner</surname><given-names>T.</given-names></name><name><surname>Van Dijk</surname><given-names>S.</given-names></name><etal></etal></person-group><article-title>Ability of deproteinized cancellous bovine bone to induce new bone formation</article-title><source><italic>Journal of Periodontology</italic></source><year>2000</year><volume>71</volume><issue>8</issue><fpage>1258</fpage><lpage>1269</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1902/jop.2000.71.8.1258</pub-id><pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-0034244423</pub-id><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">10972641</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="B24"><label>26</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Lee</surname><given-names>J.-S.</given-names></name><name><surname>Shin</surname><given-names>H.-K.</given-names></name><name><surname>Yun</surname><given-names>J.-H.</given-names></name><name><surname>Cho</surname><given-names>K.-S.</given-names></name></person-group><article-title>Randomized clinical trial of maxillary sinus grafting using deproteinized porcine and bovine bone mineral</article-title><source><italic>Clinical Implant Dentistry and Related Research</italic></source><year>2016</year><volume>19</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>140</fpage><lpage>150</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1111/cid.12430</pub-id><pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-84977584270</pub-id><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">27324175</pub-id></element-citation></ref></ref-list></back><floats-group><fig id="fig1" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Figure 1</label><caption><p>CBCT of an edentulous patient with bilateral severely atrophic maxilla.</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="BMRI2017-2594670.001"></graphic></fig><fig id="fig2" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Figure 2</label><caption><p>Sinus lifting procedure. The maxillary sinus lateral wall is exposed and a bone window is removed.</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="BMRI2017-2594670.002"></graphic></fig><fig id="fig3" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Figure 3</label><caption><p>Sinus filled with cortical bovine bone.</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="BMRI2017-2594670.003"></graphic></fig><fig id="fig4" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Figure 4</label><caption><p>A membrane is placed over the antrostomy.</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="BMRI2017-2594670.004"></graphic></fig><fig id="fig5" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Figure 5</label><caption><p>Postoperative CBCT scan panoramic view at 6 months after maxillary sinus lifting.</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="BMRI2017-2594670.005"></graphic></fig><fig id="fig6" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Figure 6</label><caption><p>The lateral wall is completely closed by new hard tissues.</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="BMRI2017-2594670.006"></graphic></fig><fig id="fig7" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Figure 7</label><caption><p>(a-b) Bone core biopsy carried out with a small trephine. (c) Newly formed trabecular bone (T) is present, with wide marrow (M) spaces and biomaterials (B). Toluidine blue 10x.</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="BMRI2017-2594670.007"></graphic></fig><fig id="fig8" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Figure 8</label><caption><p>At higher magnification previous image: a few lamellar bones are visible (LB). Toluidine blue 50x.</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="BMRI2017-2594670.008"></graphic></fig><fig id="fig9" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Figure 9</label><caption><p>No gaps are present at the bone-particles interface, and newly formed bone is always in close contact with the particles. The biomaterial (B) seems to be totally incorporated in the trabecular bone (T). Toluidine blue 100x.</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="BMRI2017-2594670.009"></graphic></fig><table-wrap id="tab1" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Table 1</label><caption><p>Volume after graft elevation mm<sup>3</sup>.</p></caption><table frame="hsides" rules="groups"><thead><tr><th align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">N° Sinus</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Immediate postoperative</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">After 6 months</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1408</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1339</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2265</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2265</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1808</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1800</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">4</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2946</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2808</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Mean</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2106,75</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2053,25</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">SD</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">660</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">629</td></tr></tbody></table></table-wrap></floats-group></pmc></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
EXPLOR_STEP=$WICRI_ROOT/Wicri/Santé/explor/EdenteV2/Data/Pmc/Corpus
HfdSelect -h $EXPLOR_STEP/biblio.hfd -nk 002937 | SxmlIndent | more
Ou
HfdSelect -h $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/Pmc/Corpus/biblio.hfd -nk 002937 | SxmlIndent | more
Pour mettre un lien sur cette page dans le réseau Wicri
{{Explor lien
|wiki= Wicri/Santé
|area= EdenteV2
|flux= Pmc
|étape= Corpus
|type= RBID
|clé= PMC:5352871
|texte= Maxillary Sinus Augmentation with Decellularized Bovine Compact Particles: A Radiological, Clinical, and Histologic Report of 4 Cases
}}
Pour générer des pages wiki
HfdIndexSelect -h $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/Pmc/Corpus/RBID.i -Sk "pubmed:28349056" \
| HfdSelect -Kh $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/Pmc/Corpus/biblio.hfd \
| NlmPubMed2Wicri -a EdenteV2
| This area was generated with Dilib version V0.6.32. |  |