Links to Exploration step
Le document en format XML
<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Molar Uprighting: A Considerable and Safe Decision to Avoid Prosthetic Treatment</title><author><name sortKey="Raveli, Taisa Boamorte" sort="Raveli, Taisa Boamorte" uniqKey="Raveli T" first="Taísa Boamorte" last="Raveli">Taísa Boamorte Raveli</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1">Orthodontics Department, Faculty of Dentistry, São Paulo State University, Avenida Portugal, 887 – CEP 14.801-075 Araraquara-SP Brazil</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Raveli, Dirceu Barnabe" sort="Raveli, Dirceu Barnabe" uniqKey="Raveli D" first="Dirceu Barnabé" last="Raveli">Dirceu Barnabé Raveli</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1">Orthodontics Department, Faculty of Dentistry, São Paulo State University, Avenida Portugal, 887 – CEP 14.801-075 Araraquara-SP Brazil</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="De Mathias Almeida, Kelei Cristina" sort="De Mathias Almeida, Kelei Cristina" uniqKey="De Mathias Almeida K" first="Kelei Cristina" last="De Mathias Almeida">Kelei Cristina De Mathias Almeida</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff2">Orthodontics Department, Faculty of Dentistry, São Paulo State University, Rua Humaitá, 1680 – CEP 14.801-903 Araraquara-SP Brazil</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pinto, Ary Dos Santos" sort="Pinto, Ary Dos Santos" uniqKey="Pinto A" first="Ary Dos Santos" last="Pinto">Ary Dos Santos Pinto</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff2">Orthodontics Department, Faculty of Dentistry, São Paulo State University, Rua Humaitá, 1680 – CEP 14.801-903 Araraquara-SP Brazil</nlm:aff></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno><idno type="pmid">29114332</idno><idno type="pmc">5646130</idno><idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5646130</idno><idno type="RBID">PMC:5646130</idno><idno type="doi">10.2174/1874210601711010466</idno><date when="2017">2017</date><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Corpus">001F60</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PMC">001F60</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">Molar Uprighting: A Considerable and Safe Decision to Avoid Prosthetic Treatment</title><author><name sortKey="Raveli, Taisa Boamorte" sort="Raveli, Taisa Boamorte" uniqKey="Raveli T" first="Taísa Boamorte" last="Raveli">Taísa Boamorte Raveli</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1">Orthodontics Department, Faculty of Dentistry, São Paulo State University, Avenida Portugal, 887 – CEP 14.801-075 Araraquara-SP Brazil</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Raveli, Dirceu Barnabe" sort="Raveli, Dirceu Barnabe" uniqKey="Raveli D" first="Dirceu Barnabé" last="Raveli">Dirceu Barnabé Raveli</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1">Orthodontics Department, Faculty of Dentistry, São Paulo State University, Avenida Portugal, 887 – CEP 14.801-075 Araraquara-SP Brazil</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="De Mathias Almeida, Kelei Cristina" sort="De Mathias Almeida, Kelei Cristina" uniqKey="De Mathias Almeida K" first="Kelei Cristina" last="De Mathias Almeida">Kelei Cristina De Mathias Almeida</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff2">Orthodontics Department, Faculty of Dentistry, São Paulo State University, Rua Humaitá, 1680 – CEP 14.801-903 Araraquara-SP Brazil</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pinto, Ary Dos Santos" sort="Pinto, Ary Dos Santos" uniqKey="Pinto A" first="Ary Dos Santos" last="Pinto">Ary Dos Santos Pinto</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff2">Orthodontics Department, Faculty of Dentistry, São Paulo State University, Rua Humaitá, 1680 – CEP 14.801-903 Araraquara-SP Brazil</nlm:aff></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">The Open Dentistry Journal</title><idno type="eISSN">1874-2106</idno><imprint><date when="2017">2017</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Background:</title><p>Tipped lower molar over edentulous space is very common in orthodontics practice when adults seek treatment. The segmented arch technique features a predictable force system that provides a controlled release of force that can produce light and continuous tooth movement.</p></sec><sec><title>Case Description:</title><p>A female adult patient, who lost a permanent lower first molar, needed correction of the position of her permanent first molar place. Instead of making space for rehabilitation, it was closed after second molar uprighting and a balanced interdigitation was created without prosthetics. The patient was successfully treated with segmented arch technique using root correction spring activated with geometry VI to promote uprighting of a tipped molar and Niti spring coil to promote space closure.</p></sec><sec><title>Practical Implications:</title><p> Segmented arch technique is known to provide predictable light and continuous forces, which is very much indicated in adult treatment. There are several things to consider when orthodontically treating adult patients. Their periodontal conditions might not be ideal, less bone apposition may occur, and side effects of orthodontic tooth movement are expected. Thus, a predictable and controlled orthodontic treatment is needed.</p></sec></div></front><back><div1 type="bibliography"><listBibl><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Viecilli, R F" uniqKey="Viecilli R">R.F. Viecilli</name></author><author><name sortKey="Chen, J" uniqKey="Chen J">J. Chen</name></author><author><name sortKey="Katona, T R" uniqKey="Katona T">T.R. Katona</name></author><author><name sortKey="Roberts, W E" uniqKey="Roberts W">W.E. Roberts</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Kojima, Y" uniqKey="Kojima Y">Y. Kojima</name></author><author><name sortKey="Mizuno, T" uniqKey="Mizuno T">T. Mizuno</name></author><author><name sortKey="Fukui, H" uniqKey="Fukui H">H. Fukui</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Chae, J" uniqKey="Chae J">J. Chae</name></author><author><name sortKey="Kim, S" uniqKey="Kim S">S. Kim</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Hom, B M" uniqKey="Hom B">B.M. Hom</name></author><author><name sortKey="Turley, P K" uniqKey="Turley P">P.K. Turley</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Capelozza Filho, L" uniqKey="Capelozza Filho L">L. Capelozza Filho</name></author><author><name sortKey="Braga, S A" uniqKey="Braga S">S.A. Braga</name></author><author><name sortKey="Cavassan, A O" uniqKey="Cavassan A">A.O. Cavassan</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ozawa, T O" uniqKey="Ozawa T">T.O. Ozawa</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Saga, A Y" uniqKey="Saga A">A.Y. Saga</name></author><author><name sortKey="Maruo, I T" uniqKey="Maruo I">I.T. Maruo</name></author><author><name sortKey="Maruo, H" uniqKey="Maruo H">H. Maruo</name></author><author><name sortKey="Guariza Filho, O" uniqKey="Guariza Filho O">O. Guariza Filho</name></author><author><name sortKey="Camargo, E S" uniqKey="Camargo E">E.S. Camargo</name></author><author><name sortKey="Tanaka, O M" uniqKey="Tanaka O">O.M. Tanaka</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Shellhart, W C" uniqKey="Shellhart W">W.C. Shellhart</name></author><author><name sortKey="Oesterle, L J" uniqKey="Oesterle L">L.J. Oesterle</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Janson, M R" uniqKey="Janson M">M.R. Janson</name></author><author><name sortKey="Janson, R R" uniqKey="Janson R">R.R. Janson</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ferreira, P M" uniqKey="Ferreira P">P.M. Ferreira</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Sakima, T" uniqKey="Sakima T">T. Sakima</name></author><author><name sortKey="Martins, L P" uniqKey="Martins L">L.P. Martins</name></author><author><name sortKey="Sakima, M T" uniqKey="Sakima M">M.T. Sakima</name></author><author><name sortKey="Terada, H H" uniqKey="Terada H">H.H. Terada</name></author><author><name sortKey="Kawakami, R Y" uniqKey="Kawakami R">R.Y. Kawakami</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ozawa, T O" uniqKey="Ozawa T">T.O. Ozawa</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Nanda, R" uniqKey="Nanda R">R. Nanda</name></author><author><name sortKey="Upadhyay, M" uniqKey="Upadhyay M">M. Upadhyay</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Roberts, W W" uniqKey="Roberts W">W.W. Roberts</name></author><author><name sortKey="Chacker, F M" uniqKey="Chacker F">F.M. Chacker</name></author><author><name sortKey="Burstone, C J" uniqKey="Burstone C">C.J. Burstone</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Kuhlberg, A J" uniqKey="Kuhlberg A">A.J. Kuhlberg</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Caldas, S G" uniqKey="Caldas S">S.G. Caldas</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ribeiro, A A" uniqKey="Ribeiro A">A.A. Ribeiro</name></author><author><name sortKey="Simplicio, H" uniqKey="Simplicio H">H. Simplício</name></author><author><name sortKey="Machado, A W" uniqKey="Machado A">A.W. Machado</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Masella, R S" uniqKey="Masella R">R.S. Masella</name></author><author><name sortKey="Chung, P L" uniqKey="Chung P">P.L. Chung</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Ong, M M" uniqKey="Ong M">M.M. Ong</name></author><author><name sortKey="Wang, H L" uniqKey="Wang H">H.L. Wang</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Lindauer, S J" uniqKey="Lindauer S">S.J. Lindauer</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Abrao, A F" uniqKey="Abrao A">A.F. Abrão</name></author><author><name sortKey="Claro, C A" uniqKey="Claro C">C.A. Claro</name></author><author><name sortKey="Lagana, D C" uniqKey="Lagana D">D.C. Laganá</name></author><author><name sortKey="Paiva, J B" uniqKey="Paiva J">J.B. Paiva</name></author><author><name sortKey="Abrao, J" uniqKey="Abrao J">J. Abrão</name></author><author><name sortKey="Fantini, S M" uniqKey="Fantini S">S.M. Fantini</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Melsen, B" uniqKey="Melsen B">B. Melsen</name></author><author><name sortKey="Cattaneo, P M" uniqKey="Cattaneo P">P.M. Cattaneo</name></author><author><name sortKey="Dalstra, M" uniqKey="Dalstra M">M. Dalstra</name></author><author><name sortKey="Kraft, D C" uniqKey="Kraft D">D.C. Kraft</name></author></analytic></biblStruct></listBibl></div1></back></TEI><pmc article-type="case-report"><pmc-dir>properties open_access</pmc-dir>
<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Open Dent J</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">Open Dent J</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">TODENTJ</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title>The Open Dentistry Journal</journal-title></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">1874-2106</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Bentham Open</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">29114332</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="pmc">5646130</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">TODENTJ-11-466</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.2174/1874210601711010466</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Molar Uprighting: A Considerable and Safe Decision to Avoid Prosthetic Treatment</article-title></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Raveli</surname><given-names>Taísa Boamorte</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">1</xref><xref ref-type="corresp" rid="cor1">*</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Raveli</surname><given-names>Dirceu Barnabé</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">1</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>de Mathias Almeida</surname><given-names>Kelei Cristina</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">2</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Pinto</surname><given-names>Ary dos Santos</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">2</xref></contrib><aff id="aff1"><label>1</label>Orthodontics Department, Faculty of Dentistry, São Paulo State University, Avenida Portugal, 887 – CEP 14.801-075 Araraquara-SP Brazil</aff><aff id="aff2"><label>2</label>Orthodontics Department, Faculty of Dentistry, São Paulo State University, Rua Humaitá, 1680 – CEP 14.801-903 Araraquara-SP Brazil</aff></contrib-group><author-notes><corresp id="cor1"><label>*</label>Address correspondence to this author at the at UNESP - São Paulo State University, Faculty of Dentistry, Orthodontics Department, Avenida Portugal, 887 – CEP 14.801-075 Araraquara-SP Brazil, Tel: +55 (16)3322-7652; E-mail: <email xlink:href="taisaraveli@yahoo.ca">taisaraveli@yahoo.ca</email></corresp></author-notes><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>31</day><month>8</month><year>2017</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2017</year></pub-date><volume>11</volume><fpage>466</fpage><lpage>475</lpage><history><date date-type="received"><day>25</day><month>1</month><year>2017</year></date><date date-type="rev-recd"><day>26</day><month>4</month><year>2017</year></date><date date-type="accepted"><day>13</day><month>7</month><year>2017</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement>© 2017 Raveli <italic>et al.</italic></copyright-statement><copyright-year>2017</copyright-year><copyright-holder>Bentham Open.</copyright-holder><license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode"><license-p>This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0), a copy of which is available at: <uri xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode</uri>. This license permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.</license-p></license></permissions><abstract><sec><title>Background:</title><p>Tipped lower molar over edentulous space is very common in orthodontics practice when adults seek treatment. The segmented arch technique features a predictable force system that provides a controlled release of force that can produce light and continuous tooth movement.</p></sec><sec><title>Case Description:</title><p>A female adult patient, who lost a permanent lower first molar, needed correction of the position of her permanent first molar place. Instead of making space for rehabilitation, it was closed after second molar uprighting and a balanced interdigitation was created without prosthetics. The patient was successfully treated with segmented arch technique using root correction spring activated with geometry VI to promote uprighting of a tipped molar and Niti spring coil to promote space closure.</p></sec><sec><title>Practical Implications:</title><p> Segmented arch technique is known to provide predictable light and continuous forces, which is very much indicated in adult treatment. There are several things to consider when orthodontically treating adult patients. Their periodontal conditions might not be ideal, less bone apposition may occur, and side effects of orthodontic tooth movement are expected. Thus, a predictable and controlled orthodontic treatment is needed.</p></sec></abstract><kwd-group kwd-group-type="author"><title>Keywords</title><kwd>Molar uprighting</kwd><kwd>Tooth movement</kwd><kwd>Adult. tooth loss</kwd><kwd>Orthodontic appliances</kwd><kwd>Biomechanics</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><body><sec sec-type="intro"><label>1</label><title>INTRODUCTION</title><p>Adult patients with early loss of lower first permanent molar are frequent in orthodontics practice. The consequence for this early loss is the second permanent molar to tip mesially into the space of the lost tooth [<xref rid="r1" ref-type="bibr">1</xref>-<xref rid="r3" ref-type="bibr">3</xref>]. Other effects of early loss of a mandibular first molar are premolars distally drifted, extrusion of upper molars, constriction of the edentulous ridge causing altered gingival form, infrabony defect mesial to the inclined molar, stepped marginal ridges, food impaction and posterior bite collapse [<xref rid="r3" ref-type="bibr">3</xref>-<xref rid="r5" ref-type="bibr">5</xref>]. Pseudo-pockets form adjacent to the tipped tooth since bone contour follows the cementoenamel junction [<xref rid="r6" ref-type="bibr">6</xref>] and in adults, the major concern in moving the tipped tooth into the right position is to maintain periodontal tissues and avoid extrusion when applying an orthodontic force [<xref rid="r7" ref-type="bibr">7</xref>-<xref rid="r9" ref-type="bibr">9</xref>].</p><p>There are some ways to place the tipped molar into its correct position: use of cantilevers, known to provide best controlled movement [<xref rid="r7" ref-type="bibr">7</xref>]; straightwire associated with spring coil, a statically indeterminate system that cannot be quantitatively defined, [<xref rid="r1" ref-type="bibr">1</xref>] and more recently the use of miniscrews associated with straightwire.</p><p>Within the segmented arch technique we can use three ways of force system to bring the second molar into upright position: one cantilever - statically determinate system (Fig. <bold><xref ref-type="fig" rid="F1">1</xref></bold>), two cantilevers - statically determinate system (Fig. <bold><xref ref-type="fig" rid="F2">2</xref></bold>) and root correction spring - statically indeterminate system (Fig. <bold><xref ref-type="fig" rid="F3">3</xref></bold>); all constructed with 0.017" X 0.025" Titanium Molybdenum Alloy or TMA (Ormco Corporation, Glendora, USA) because it is inherently more springy than stainless steel wire and provides a light continuous force distribution [<xref rid="r7" ref-type="bibr">7</xref>-<xref rid="r10" ref-type="bibr">10</xref>].</p><p>A simplified way to apply segmented arch technique in these cases would be with one cantilever, which would generate force, but most importantly, moment to tip the molar to its correct position. Along with this activation, a vertical force is generated causing the molar to erupt [<xref rid="r7" ref-type="bibr">7</xref>, <xref rid="r9" ref-type="bibr">9</xref>], as represented in (Fig. <bold><xref ref-type="fig" rid="F1">1</xref></bold>).</p><p>Second option would be double cantilever (Fig. <bold><xref ref-type="fig" rid="F2">2</xref></bold>) which avoids the vertical force promoted by one cantilever system. There is one cantilever to bring the tipped molar to its right position (long one) inserted in the molar tube and attached to a point contact in the anterior part. And another cantilever (short one) that is inserted in a tube attached to anterior part and has its point contact in the tipped molar. The shorter the cantilever, the less the moment and the more the force applied. The longer the cantilever, the less the force and more the moment generated. Therefore, the short cantilever would have a greater force upon the molar, avoiding its eruption [<xref rid="r1" ref-type="bibr">1</xref>, <xref rid="r9" ref-type="bibr">9</xref>].</p><p>A third option would be to use root correction spring, or uprighting spring, activated with geometry VI, symmetric anterior and posterior activation (Fig. <bold><xref ref-type="fig" rid="F3">3</xref></bold>), that provides same force system of two cantilevers (momentum and force), generating molar uprighting and avoiding its extrusion. Symmetric anterior and posterior activations are indicated to correct inclination, no generation of vertical forces that may cause eruption of the molar or anterior segment [<xref rid="r7" ref-type="bibr">7</xref>] (Fig. <bold><xref ref-type="fig" rid="F4">4</xref></bold>).</p><p>The purpose of this paper is to present a case successfully treated with segmented arch technique using root correction spring activated with geometry VI to promote uprighting of a tipped molar and its space closure in an adult patient.</p></sec><sec><label>2</label><title>CASE REPORT</title><p>An adult female patient sought orthodontic treatment in order to rehabilitate early lost teeth spaces that remained untreated. The patient presented Class I of Angle for canines and right side molars, early loss of 25, 26 and 36, light upper and lower crowding, and hiperdivergent growth pattern. The lower left second molar was found tipped over the space that once was 36, almost entirely closing the space (Figs. <bold><xref ref-type="fig" rid="F5">5</xref></bold> and <bold><xref ref-type="fig" rid="F6">6</xref></bold>).</p><p>It was determined that the remaining mandibular extraction site would be closed to cut out the need for additional surgical procedures or implants, and also reduce treatment expenses. A fixed orthodontic appliance was installed (Roth prescription with .022 slot) for the alignment and leveling of the anterior and right posterior teeth, and once it was stabilized with stiff segmented wires (0.019 x 0.025-inch stainless steel), the segmented arch technique could be applied using anterior segment as anchor [<xref rid="r10" ref-type="bibr">10</xref>] (Figs. <bold><xref ref-type="fig" rid="F7">7A</xref></bold>, <bold><xref ref-type="fig" rid="F7">B</xref></bold>, <bold><xref ref-type="fig" rid="F7">C</xref></bold>) . A root correction spring was constructed with 0.017" X 0.025" TMA and geometry VI was applied to it. A crisscross tube needed to be placed on the stainless steel wire between 33 and 34 in order to be an aid in holding the root correction spring that had one end clamping on to the stainless steel wire and the other end inserted into the molar tube (Fig. <bold><xref ref-type="fig" rid="F8">8A</xref></bold>). An upright movement resulted from the system applied to the tipped molar; opening the space that once was first molar (Figs. <bold><xref ref-type="fig" rid="F8">8B</xref></bold>, <bold><xref ref-type="fig" rid="F8">C</xref></bold>, <bold><xref ref-type="fig" rid="F8">D</xref></bold>). After the molar was brought to the upright position, a closed nitinol spring coil was added to close this remaining space and bring the second molar forward (Fig. <bold><xref ref-type="fig" rid="F8">8E</xref></bold>).</p><p>This treatment ended with a Class II of Angle molar relation for the left side because the upper left second molar was also brought forward to close space left from a lost tooth. A 3x3 fixed retainer was provided for the lower arch and a removable appliance for the upper arch (Figs. <bold><xref ref-type="fig" rid="F9">9</xref></bold> and <bold><xref ref-type="fig" rid="F10">10</xref></bold>).</p></sec><sec sec-type="discussion"><label>3</label><title>DISCUSSION</title><p>We have many treatment options today as orthodontics has evolved. Although there are many advances in material and techniques, achieving predictable and efficient tooth movement requires more than simply selecting a specific material. The fundamental basis of orthodontic therapy remains the application of mechanical forces to produce tooth movement [<xref rid="r12" ref-type="bibr">12</xref>]. When selecting a technique it can be determined by impaction severity, selection of opening or closing rehabilitation space, need of intrusion, as well as its simplicity and effectiveness of uprighting mechanics avoiding undesired collateral effects [<xref rid="r9" ref-type="bibr">9</xref>].</p><sec><label>3.1</label><title>Periodontal Tissue</title><p>First thing to consider when treating an adult patient is its periodontal tissue and weather it can undergo an orthodontic treatment. Usually on tipped molar situation, there is the presence of pseudo-pockets and angular osseous crests [<xref rid="r6" ref-type="bibr">6</xref>,<xref rid="r11" ref-type="bibr">11</xref>-<xref rid="r13" ref-type="bibr">13</xref>] as seen in the case presented, along with occlusal collapse. For every 1mm lost in posterior contact, there is 3mm decrease in anterior segment, leading to primary occlusal trauma with potential risk of causing bone loss in anterior segment if the problem persists for a long period of time [<xref rid="r8" ref-type="bibr">8</xref>, <xref rid="r13" ref-type="bibr">13</xref>]. Narrowing of the alveolar ridge is another thing to consider when planning on closing the edentulous space after correcting molar position; therefore, closing the extraction spaces requires remodeling of cortical bone [<xref rid="r6" ref-type="bibr">6</xref>].</p><p>Nevertheless, orthodontic tooth movement is an alternative method to induce bone regeneration [<xref rid="r14" ref-type="bibr">14</xref>]. Repositioning of tipped molars has shown to promote beneficial effects producing significant reduction in depth of existing periodontal defects and alterations to the crestal bone that accompanies tooth uprighting [<xref rid="r4" ref-type="bibr">4</xref>,<xref rid="r15" ref-type="bibr">15</xref>]. Similarly, tooth eruption and having teeth moved into adjacent osseous defects has also been reported to attain a reduction of probing depths in isolated vertical infrabony defects as well [<xref rid="r8" ref-type="bibr">8</xref>, <xref rid="r11" ref-type="bibr">11</xref>, <xref rid="r15" ref-type="bibr">15</xref>]. The case presented showed reduction of probing depth at the end.</p><p>Periodontally compromised dentitions that went through the loss of alveolar bone leads to the alteration of the center of resistance, of the involved teeth, to move apically, and the result is that teeth are more willing to tip than to move bodily [<xref rid="r9" ref-type="bibr">9</xref>,<xref rid="r15" ref-type="bibr">15</xref>,<xref rid="r16" ref-type="bibr">16</xref>]. For this reason, orthodontic forces in adult patients should be carefully controlled [<xref rid="r5" ref-type="bibr">5</xref>]; and therefore, segmented arch technique was used in this case.</p></sec><sec><label>3.2</label><title>Edentulous Space Closure</title><p>There should not be attempt to close space before full alignment of all teeth and full-sized working archwire [<xref rid="r3" ref-type="bibr">3</xref>], and also consider that an ideal dimension for successful mandibular first molar space closure is reported to be 6mm or less of mesiodistal space and 7mm of buccolingual width [<xref rid="r6" ref-type="bibr">6</xref>]. In the case presented, 4mm space was opened after molar uprighting. Bone formation is the major concern when closing an edentulous space in an adult patient. There is evidence that adults have less bone apposition when molars are moved into the narrowed space [<xref rid="r6" ref-type="bibr">6</xref>]. Also, this sort of movement can generate collateral effects such as the tendency for the crown to tilt mesially, apex to move in the opposite direction, and roll lingually when bound to a mesially directed force [<xref rid="r3" ref-type="bibr">3</xref>,<xref rid="r16" ref-type="bibr">16</xref>] because there is no practical way to apply a force directly through the center of resistance of a tooth to achieve pure translation without tipping. In order to avoid this, a countermoment in the form of a couple may also be applied intentionally to counteract tipping [<xref rid="r3" ref-type="bibr">3</xref>, <xref rid="r16" ref-type="bibr">16</xref>].</p><p>On the other hand, there is also evidence that orthodontic movement is an excellent way to reclaim new alveolar bone and soft tissue when closing spaces and crestal bone damage mesially to the second molars after treatment. The bone level of the case presented was maintained after molar uprighting and space closure, which reaffirms this last statement of reclaiming new alveolar bone.</p></sec><sec><label>3.3</label><title>Force Applied</title><p>There is no agreement between studies in relation to force in this type of orthodontic movement; each author uses different forces in distinct molar uprighting techniques [<xref rid="r9" ref-type="bibr">9</xref>,<xref rid="r17" ref-type="bibr">17</xref>]. Melsen <italic>et al.</italic> [<xref rid="r18" ref-type="bibr">18</xref>] (2007) states that the optimum force has not been scientifically defined yet and that higher force levels do not necessarily gain tooth movement and that overcharging periodontal tissue can cause negative effects, such as hyalinization and ischemia therefore delaying tooth movements. The idea that the biology of each person has more influence in tooth movement than orthodontic load itself seems to be more advocated between studies [<xref rid="r16" ref-type="bibr">16</xref>, <xref rid="r18" ref-type="bibr">18</xref>]. Among individual variations of alveolar support structures, orthodontic forces with same magnitude will cause different stress and distortion distributions in the tissues. Due to nonlinear mechanical properties of the tissues as well as the varied mechanical support of the teeth in different individuals, the load transfer through the alveolar tissues is complex and for these reasons only very small orthodontic forces should be applied to the teeth to avoid ischemia and local necrosis of the tissues [<xref rid="r9" ref-type="bibr">9</xref>, <xref rid="r18" ref-type="bibr">18</xref>].</p><p>However, force application in cantilever mechanics is suggested to be less than 100g.mm (grams per millimeter); otherwise it can be harmful to teeth and support structures [<xref rid="r17" ref-type="bibr">17</xref>]. In an empirical form, the necessary moment magnitude to upright a molar varies around 1000 to 1500g.mm<sup>9</sup> and one study suggests that 1200g.mm is the appropriate moment for molar uprighting [<xref rid="r13" ref-type="bibr">13</xref>]. As seen in Fig. (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F3">3</xref>) 1200g.mm was applied to upright the molar of the case.</p></sec><sec><label>3.4</label><title>Anchorage Unit</title><p>The strategy of uniting anterior teeth as anchor unit can prevent molar extrusion and occlusal interferences when an intrusive force on the molar is needed [<xref rid="r2" ref-type="bibr">2</xref>, <xref rid="r9" ref-type="bibr">9</xref>]. From equilibrium, the absolute value of the opposite moment at the anterior unit must be greater than the moment at the molar. Although this might prevent molar extrusion, a larger moment at the anterior teeth can result in undesired movement of this anchorage unit [<xref rid="r1" ref-type="bibr">1</xref>]. Ideally, to keep the anterior unit stable during molar root correction, the center of resistance must be defined [<xref rid="r1" ref-type="bibr">1</xref>]. The position of the intrusive force in the anchor teeth has to be located far from the center of resistance or a moment tending to produce buccal crown movement may be produced [<xref rid="r2" ref-type="bibr">2</xref>, <xref rid="r9" ref-type="bibr">9</xref>]. When anterior segment is united with anchorage purpose, the Center of Rotation is relocated to the molar mesial, obtaining upright effect, root mesial movement and space closure [<xref rid="r9" ref-type="bibr">9</xref>].</p><p>In order to avoid collateral effect on the anchor unit, the cantilever is suggested to be placed between canine and lateral incisor (Center of Resistance of anterior unit) or a little distal from Center of Resistance [<xref rid="r9" ref-type="bibr">9</xref>]. In the case presented, it was placed between canine and first bicuspid for patient comfort purpose.</p></sec><sec><label>3.5</label><title>Cantilevers</title><p>Cantilevers, a simple two-tooth appliance, are a statically determinant force system because the forces and the moments can be readily measured. By working with measurable forces and moments, the use of this type of appliance permits greater control by the orthodontist and improves the predictability of movement and minimizes the potential for unexpected tooth movement during orthodontic treatment [<xref rid="r12" ref-type="bibr">12</xref>, <xref rid="r16" ref-type="bibr">16</xref>].</p><p>Its main characteristic is that there is a fixed end and it is inserted into a bracket or a tube promoting force and moment, and there is a free end that is applied to a point contact of the anterior unit that only promotes force; and there must be an equal amount of force at each end so that the moment can be produced [<xref rid="r1" ref-type="bibr">1</xref>, <xref rid="r16" ref-type="bibr">16</xref>].</p><p>Using one cantilever system to upright a molar is effective, but a vertical force is also generated in this system causing molar extrusion [<xref rid="r9" ref-type="bibr">9</xref>].</p><p>An alternative to eliminate extrusion force is to use two cantilevers, where one cantilever is used as in conventional molar uprighting with one cantilever, while the other is activated to produce intrusive forces on the molar. Therefore, the extrusion effect produced by the conventional cantilever is neutralized by the second cantilever [<xref rid="r13" ref-type="bibr">13</xref>]. Disadvantages of this option are patient’s discomfort caused by the simultaneous use of two devices and continuous activations [<xref rid="r1" ref-type="bibr">1</xref>, <xref rid="r13" ref-type="bibr">13</xref>].</p></sec><sec><label>3.6</label><title>Root Correction Spring</title><p>The root correction spring has more sophisticated approach for tooth movement in a single wire to deliver moments equal in magnitude and opposite in sense to both anterior and posterior units at the same time [<xref rid="r1" ref-type="bibr">1</xref>]. Because it is attached to both anterior and posterior units at same time, it is considered to be a statically indeterminate force system where it gets complicated to precisely determine all the forces and moments involved at both attachments at a particular time [<xref rid="r10" ref-type="bibr">10</xref>, <xref rid="r16" ref-type="bibr">16</xref>].</p><p>Roberts <italic>et al.</italic> [<xref rid="r11" ref-type="bibr">11</xref>] (1982) described some of its advantages such as symmetrical preactivation in an extra oral procedure; easy to determine force levels; few necessary adjustments during treatment in order of load/deflection considerations in spring design; no disturbance of wire by function because of its gingival level position, and minimized patient discomfort by offsetting the spring over the edentulous ridge.</p><p>Sakima <italic>et al.</italic> [<xref rid="r9" ref-type="bibr">9</xref>] states that despite its efficiency, the root correction spring presents some disadvantages as difficulty to measure force and moment, longer treatment time and long inter bracket distance problem. However, an increase in bracket distance, as a result of segmentation and the use of auxiliary tubes enhances the points of force application and allows predictable mechanics to be executed. Moreover, increased distances allow springs to have their load deflection ratio decreased, which results in greater activations and a lower number of adjustments. Also, it allows accessories to be safely positioned and activations more safely done in comparison to conventional mechanics [<xref rid="r13" ref-type="bibr">13</xref>].</p></sec><sec><label>3.7</label><title>Activations</title><p>Geometries are used to understand tooth movement through appliances considered to be statically indeterminate system. For root correction spring, a symmetrical activation is needed to generate equal moments at anterior and posterior units as in Geometry VI, known as symmetrically activated. Preactivation bends such as geometries should be tested while fabricated, at insertion, and during treatment, since tooth movement alters the force system [<xref rid="r1" ref-type="bibr">1</xref>, <xref rid="r11" ref-type="bibr">11</xref>]. In the case presented, a geometry VI was activated in order to produce symmetrical results. At the molar end of the spring, an upright and extrusion movements were produced. But since the other end of the spring was also activated with the same force, the extrusion movement was canceled. This statically indeterminate system functions as the double cantilever, a statically determinate system. The advantage of the spring is that, it is more comfortable for the patient.</p></sec><sec><label>3.8</label><title>Type of Wire Used</title><p>The more bended a wire is, for instance, a steal wire, the more force is lost for each millimeter of deactivation. On the other hand, beta-titanium wires present a lower slope of the line in deactivation, which results in a minor loss of force, <italic>i.e.</italic>, a lower LF ratio. Low LF ratio wires are ideal for segmented mechanics, given that they keep satisfactory levels of force during system deactivation, proving frequent follow-ups or continuous adjustments to be unnecessary [<xref rid="r8" ref-type="bibr">8</xref>]. Beta-titanium alloy, or TMA, have the properties of a “higher quality” wire, for instance: high springback properties, lower hardness values in comparison to steel, high formability and weldability with no reduction in resilience, and resistance to corrosion. It has higher springback properties in comparison to stainless steel and it can be deflected twice as much without permanent deformation. Additionally, it releases forces that correspond approximately to half of the forces released by steel alloys under similar activation, which causes its LF ratio to be approximately half of the stainless steel ratio [<xref rid="r8" ref-type="bibr">8</xref>].</p></sec><sec><label>3.9</label><title>Extrusion X Facial Pattern</title><p>The majority of uprighting appliances used produce, in addition to moment, extrusive forces. In most cases, extrusion is undesirable and results in premature contact and open bite [<xref rid="r9" ref-type="bibr">9</xref>]. In patients with strong muscular pattern, the occlusal force helps neutralize extrusive force. Instead, patients with fragile muscular pattern and hiperdivergent growth pattern present distress in getting intrusion component without extruding anchor teeth [<xref rid="r9" ref-type="bibr">9</xref>, <xref rid="r13" ref-type="bibr">13</xref>]. Nevertheless, Hom and Turley [<xref rid="r4" ref-type="bibr">4</xref>] (1984) observed that facial pattern did not correlate with any of the other variables related to molar uprighting and space closure.</p></sec></sec><sec sec-type="conclusions"><title>CONCLUSION</title><p>It is shown in this case report that molar uprighting and space closure of absent molar should be taken into consideration as a potential solution. In spite of tooth movement in 3 dimensions with precise control during space closure is important in meeting treatment goals. The TMA root correction spring associated with Niti spring coil is an easy and effective orthodontic technique for closing spaces without mesial or lingual tipping, and rotation of molars by using segmented arch technique.</p></sec></body><back><ack><title>ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS</title><p>Declared none.</p></ack><sec><title>ETHICS APPROVAL AND CONSENT TO PARTICIPATE</title><p>Not applicable.</p></sec><sec><title>HUMAN AND ANIMAL RIGHTS</title><p>No Animals/Humans were used for studies that are base of this research.</p></sec><sec><title>CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION</title><p>Not applicable.</p></sec><sec><title>CONFLICT OF INTEREST</title><p> The authors declare no conflict of interest, financial or otherwise.</p></sec><ref-list><title>REFERENCES</title><ref id="r1"><label>1</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Viecilli</surname><given-names>R.F.</given-names></name><name><surname>Chen</surname><given-names>J.</given-names></name><name><surname>Katona</surname><given-names>T.R.</given-names></name><name><surname>Roberts</surname><given-names>W.E.</given-names></name></person-group><article-title>Force system generated by an adjustable molar root movement mechanism.</article-title><source>Am. J. Orthod. Dentofacial Orthop.</source><year>2009</year><volume>135</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>165</fpage><lpage>173</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1016/j.ajodo.2007.02.058</pub-id><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">19201322</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="r2"><label>2</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Kojima</surname><given-names>Y.</given-names></name><name><surname>Mizuno</surname><given-names>T.</given-names></name><name><surname>Fukui</surname><given-names>H.</given-names></name></person-group><article-title>A numerical simulation of tooth movement produced by molar uprighting spring.</article-title><source>Am. J. Orthod. Dentofacial Orthop.</source><year>2007</year><volume>132</volume><issue>5</issue><fpage>630</fpage><lpage>638</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1016/j.ajodo.2005.07.035</pub-id><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">18005837</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="r3"><label>3</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Chae</surname><given-names>J.</given-names></name><name><surname>Kim</surname><given-names>S.</given-names></name></person-group><article-title>Running loop in unusual molar extraction treatment.</article-title><source>Am. J. Orthod. Dentofacial Orthop.</source><year>2007</year><volume>132</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>528</fpage><lpage>539</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1016/j.ajodo.2006.01.032</pub-id><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">17920508</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="r4"><label>4</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Hom</surname><given-names>B.M.</given-names></name><name><surname>Turley</surname><given-names>P.K.</given-names></name></person-group><article-title>The effects of space closure of the mandibular first molar area in adults.</article-title><source>Am. J. Orthod.</source><year>1984</year><volume>85</volume><issue>6</issue><fpage>457</fpage><lpage>469</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1016/0002-9416(84)90085-X</pub-id><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">6587780</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="r5"><label>5</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Capelozza Filho</surname><given-names>L.</given-names></name><name><surname>Braga</surname><given-names>S.A.</given-names></name><name><surname>Cavassan</surname><given-names>A.O.</given-names></name><name><surname>Ozawa</surname><given-names>T.O.</given-names></name></person-group><article-title>Tratamento Ortodôntico em Adultos: UMA abordagem direcionada.</article-title><source>Rev. Dent. Press Ortodon. Ortop. Facial</source><year>2001</year><volume>6</volume><issue>5</issue><fpage>63</fpage><lpage>80</lpage></element-citation></ref><ref id="r6"><label>6</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Saga</surname><given-names>A.Y.</given-names></name><name><surname>Maruo</surname><given-names>I.T.</given-names></name><name><surname>Maruo</surname><given-names>H.</given-names></name><name><surname>Guariza Filho</surname><given-names>O.</given-names></name><name><surname>Camargo</surname><given-names>E.S.</given-names></name><name><surname>Tanaka</surname><given-names>O.M.</given-names></name></person-group><article-title>Treatment of an adult with several missing teeth and atrophic old mandibular first molar extraction sites.</article-title><source>Am. J. Orthod. Dentofacial Orthop.</source><year>2011</year><volume>140</volume><issue>6</issue><fpage>869</fpage><lpage>878</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1016/j.ajodo.2010.06.027</pub-id><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">22133953</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="r7"><label>7</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Shellhart</surname><given-names>W.C.</given-names></name><name><surname>Oesterle</surname><given-names>L.J.</given-names></name></person-group><article-title>Uprighting molars without extrusion.</article-title><source>J. Am. Dent. Assoc.</source><year>1999</year><volume>130</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>381</fpage><lpage>385</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.14219/jada.archive.1999.0208</pub-id><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">10085661</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="r8"><label>8</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Janson</surname><given-names>M.R.</given-names></name><name><surname>Janson</surname><given-names>R.R.</given-names></name><name><surname>Ferreira</surname><given-names>P.M.</given-names></name></person-group><article-title>Tratamento Interdisciplinar I: Considerações Clínicas e Biológicas na verticalização de molars.</article-title><source>Rev. Dent. Press Ortodon. Ortop. Facial</source><year>2001</year><volume>6</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>87</fpage><lpage>104</lpage></element-citation></ref><ref id="r9"><label>9</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Sakima</surname><given-names>T.</given-names></name><name><surname>Martins</surname><given-names>L.P.</given-names></name><name><surname>Sakima</surname><given-names>M.T.</given-names></name><name><surname>Terada</surname><given-names>H.H.</given-names></name><name><surname>Kawakami</surname><given-names>R.Y.</given-names></name><name><surname>Ozawa</surname><given-names>T.O.</given-names></name></person-group><article-title>Alternativas Mecânicas na verticalização de molars. Sistemas de força liberados pelos aparelhos.</article-title><source>Rev. Dent. Press Ortodon. Ortop. Facial</source><year>1999</year><volume>4</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>79</fpage><lpage>100</lpage></element-citation></ref><ref id="r10"><label>10</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Nanda</surname><given-names>R.</given-names></name><name><surname>Upadhyay</surname><given-names>M.</given-names></name></person-group><article-title>Skeletal and dental considerations in orthodontic treatment mechanics: A contemporary view.</article-title><source>Eur. J. Orthod.</source><year>2013</year><volume>35</volume><issue>5</issue><fpage>634</fpage><lpage>643</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1093/ejo/cjs054</pub-id><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">24068287</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="r11"><label>11</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Roberts</surname><given-names>W.W.</given-names><suffix>III</suffix></name><name><surname>Chacker</surname><given-names>F.M.</given-names></name><name><surname>Burstone</surname><given-names>C.J.</given-names></name></person-group><article-title>A segmental approach to mandibular molar uprighting.</article-title><source>Am. J. Orthod.</source><year>1982</year><volume>81</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>177</fpage><lpage>184</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1016/0002-9416(82)90051-3</pub-id><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">6960706</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="r12"><label>12</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Kuhlberg</surname><given-names>A.J.</given-names></name></person-group><article-title>Cantilever Springs: Force system and clinical applications.</article-title><source>Semin. Orthod.</source><year>2001</year><volume>7</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>150</fpage><lpage>159</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1053/sodo.2001.26689</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="r13"><label>13</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Caldas</surname><given-names>S.G.</given-names></name><name><surname>Ribeiro</surname><given-names>A.A.</given-names></name><name><surname>Simplício</surname><given-names>H.</given-names></name><name><surname>Machado</surname><given-names>A.W.</given-names></name></person-group><article-title>Segmented arch or continuous arch technique? A rational approach.</article-title><source>Dental Press J. Orthod.</source><year>2014</year><volume>19</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>126</fpage><lpage>141</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1590/2176-9451.19.2.126-141.sar</pub-id><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">24945523</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="r14"><label>14</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Masella</surname><given-names>R.S.</given-names></name><name><surname>Chung</surname><given-names>P.L.</given-names></name></person-group><article-title>Thinking Beyond the wire: Emerging biologic relationships in orthodontics and periodontology.</article-title><source>Semin. Orthod.</source><year>2008</year><volume>14</volume><fpage>290</fpage><lpage>304</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1053/j.sodo.2008.07.006</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="r15"><label>15</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Ong</surname><given-names>M.M.</given-names></name><name><surname>Wang</surname><given-names>H.L.</given-names></name></person-group><article-title>Periodontic and orthodontic treatment in adults.</article-title><source>Am. J. Orthod. Dentofacial Orthop.</source><year>2002</year><volume>122</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>420</fpage><lpage>428</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1067/mod.2002.126597</pub-id><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">12411890</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="r16"><label>16</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Lindauer</surname><given-names>S.J.</given-names></name></person-group><article-title>The Basics of Orthodontic Mechanics.</article-title><source>Semin. Orthod.</source><year>2001</year><volume>7</volume><fpage>2</fpage><lpage>15</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1053/sodo.2001.21053</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="r17"><label>17</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Abrão</surname><given-names>A.F.</given-names></name><name><surname>Claro</surname><given-names>C.A.</given-names></name><name><surname>Laganá</surname><given-names>D.C.</given-names></name><name><surname>Paiva</surname><given-names>J.B.</given-names></name><name><surname>Abrão</surname><given-names>J.</given-names></name><name><surname>Fantini</surname><given-names>S.M.</given-names></name></person-group><article-title>Análise fotoelástica da distribuição de tensões geradas pela mecânica de verticalização nos segundos molares inferiores.</article-title><source>Orthod. Sci. Pract.</source><year>2015</year><volume>8</volume><issue>32</issue><fpage>471</fpage><lpage>478</lpage></element-citation></ref><ref id="r18"><label>18</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Melsen</surname><given-names>B.</given-names></name><name><surname>Cattaneo</surname><given-names>P.M.</given-names></name><name><surname>Dalstra</surname><given-names>M.</given-names></name><name><surname>Kraft</surname><given-names>D.C.</given-names></name></person-group><article-title>The importance of force levels in relation to tooth movement.</article-title><source>Semin. Orthod.</source><year>2007</year><volume>13</volume><fpage>220</fpage><lpage>233</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1053/j.sodo.2007.08.004</pub-id></element-citation></ref></ref-list></back><floats-group><fig id="F1" position="float"><label>Fig. (1)</label><p>One cantilever force system where the loose end of the cantilever is attached to the stainless steel wire between canine and first bicuspid. This loose end when attached promotes a downward force with 75g of magnitude; while the inserted end will promote an upward force of equal magnitude, promoting molar extrusion as a side effect.
</p><graphic xlink:href="TODENTJ-11-466_F1"></graphic></fig><fig id="F2" position="float"><label>Fig. (2)</label><p>Two cantilevers force system has the first cantilever working as the single cantilever force system, and because there is an extrusion side effect, a second cantilever is placed with the inserted end between bicuspids and the loose end attached to a piece of stainless steel wire at the band. This way, the second one cancels the extrusion caused by the first cantilever.
</p><graphic xlink:href="TODENTJ-11-466_F2"></graphic></fig><fig id="F3" position="float"><label>Fig. (3)</label><p>Root Correction Spring is a simplified system that works in the same way as two cantilevers, but there are two loose ends, one attached to the stainless steel wire between canine and first bicuspid, and the second end inserted at the band. Its activation promotes molar uprighting without extrusion due to the generation of a geometry VI.
</p><graphic xlink:href="TODENTJ-11-466_F3"></graphic></fig><fig id="F4" position="float"><label>Fig. (4)</label><p>Three ways of activating the root correction spring.
</p><graphic xlink:href="TODENTJ-11-466_F4"></graphic></fig><fig id="F5" position="float"><label>Fig. (5)</label><p>Initial intra oral photos (A.right side, B.front view, C.left side, D.upper occlusal view, E.lower occlusal view).</p><graphic xlink:href="TODENTJ-11-466_F5"></graphic></fig><fig id="F6" position="float"><label>Fig. (6)</label><p>Initial panoramic and teleradiography.
</p><graphic xlink:href="TODENTJ-11-466_F6"></graphic></fig><fig id="F7" position="float"><label>Fig. (7)</label><p>After alignment and leveling with 0.019" x 0.025" SS wires on and ready to install root correction spring (7A. right side, 7B. front view, 7C. left side where there is a segmented stainless steel wire from 46 to 35).</p><graphic xlink:href="TODENTJ-11-466_F7"></graphic></fig><fig id="F8" position="float"><label>Fig. (8)</label><p>Root correction spring installed (A), after activation where Geometry VI takes place (B,C and D), and space closure with nitinol spring coil (E).</p><graphic xlink:href="TODENTJ-11-466_F8"></graphic></fig><fig id="F9" position="float"><label>Fig. (9)</label><p>Final Intra oral photos (A. right side, B.front view, C.left side with spaces from missing teeth all closed up and in occlusion, D.occlusal upper view, E. occlusal lower view).
</p><graphic xlink:href="TODENTJ-11-466_F9"></graphic></fig><fig id="F10" position="float"><label>Fig. (10)</label><p>Final panoramic and tele-radiography.
</p><graphic xlink:href="TODENTJ-11-466_F10"></graphic></fig></floats-group></pmc></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
EXPLOR_STEP=$WICRI_ROOT/Wicri/Santé/explor/EdenteV2/Data/Pmc/Corpus
HfdSelect -h $EXPLOR_STEP/biblio.hfd -nk 001F60 | SxmlIndent | more
Ou
HfdSelect -h $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/Pmc/Corpus/biblio.hfd -nk 001F60 | SxmlIndent | more
Pour mettre un lien sur cette page dans le réseau Wicri
{{Explor lien
|wiki= Wicri/Santé
|area= EdenteV2
|flux= Pmc
|étape= Corpus
|type= RBID
|clé=
|texte=
}}
| This area was generated with Dilib version V0.6.32. |  |