Clinical management of highly resorbed mandibular ridge without fibrous tissue
Identifieur interne : 001F13 ( Pmc/Corpus ); précédent : 001F12; suivant : 001F14Clinical management of highly resorbed mandibular ridge without fibrous tissue
Auteurs : Veeramalai N. Devaki ; Paramasivam Manonmani ; Kandasamy Balu ; Ramraj Jayabalan AravindSource :
- Journal of Pharmacy & Bioallied Sciences [ 0976-4879 ] ; 2012.
Abstract
Alveolar ridge atrophy poses a clinical challenge toward the fabrication of successful prosthesis. Resorption of mandibular denture bearing areas results in unstable non-retentive dentures associated with pain and discomfort. This article describes rehabilitation procedure of a patient with resorbed ridge with maximal areas of coverage to improve support and neutral zone arrangement of teeth to improve stability of denture.
Url:
DOI: 10.4103/0975-7406.100256
PubMed: 23066238
PubMed Central: 3467882
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<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Clinical management of highly resorbed mandibular ridge without fibrous tissue</title><author><name sortKey="Devaki, Veeramalai N" sort="Devaki, Veeramalai N" uniqKey="Devaki V" first="Veeramalai N." last="Devaki">Veeramalai N. Devaki</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1">Department of Prosthodontics, Vivekananda Dental College, Tiruchengode, Tamil Nadu, India</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Manonmani, Paramasivam" sort="Manonmani, Paramasivam" uniqKey="Manonmani P" first="Paramasivam" last="Manonmani">Paramasivam Manonmani</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1">Department of Prosthodontics, Vivekananda Dental College, Tiruchengode, Tamil Nadu, India</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Balu, Kandasamy" sort="Balu, Kandasamy" uniqKey="Balu K" first="Kandasamy" last="Balu">Kandasamy Balu</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1">Department of Prosthodontics, Vivekananda Dental College, Tiruchengode, Tamil Nadu, India</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Aravind, Ramraj Jayabalan" sort="Aravind, Ramraj Jayabalan" uniqKey="Aravind R" first="Ramraj Jayabalan" last="Aravind">Ramraj Jayabalan Aravind</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff2">Department of Oral Surgery, Vivekananda Dental College, Tiruchengode, Tamil Nadu, India</nlm:aff></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno><idno type="pmid">23066238</idno><idno type="pmc">3467882</idno><idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3467882</idno><idno type="RBID">PMC:3467882</idno><idno type="doi">10.4103/0975-7406.100256</idno><date when="2012">2012</date><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Corpus">001F13</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PMC">001F13</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">Clinical management of highly resorbed mandibular ridge without fibrous tissue</title><author><name sortKey="Devaki, Veeramalai N" sort="Devaki, Veeramalai N" uniqKey="Devaki V" first="Veeramalai N." last="Devaki">Veeramalai N. Devaki</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1">Department of Prosthodontics, Vivekananda Dental College, Tiruchengode, Tamil Nadu, India</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Manonmani, Paramasivam" sort="Manonmani, Paramasivam" uniqKey="Manonmani P" first="Paramasivam" last="Manonmani">Paramasivam Manonmani</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1">Department of Prosthodontics, Vivekananda Dental College, Tiruchengode, Tamil Nadu, India</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Balu, Kandasamy" sort="Balu, Kandasamy" uniqKey="Balu K" first="Kandasamy" last="Balu">Kandasamy Balu</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1">Department of Prosthodontics, Vivekananda Dental College, Tiruchengode, Tamil Nadu, India</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Aravind, Ramraj Jayabalan" sort="Aravind, Ramraj Jayabalan" uniqKey="Aravind R" first="Ramraj Jayabalan" last="Aravind">Ramraj Jayabalan Aravind</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff2">Department of Oral Surgery, Vivekananda Dental College, Tiruchengode, Tamil Nadu, India</nlm:aff></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Journal of Pharmacy & Bioallied Sciences</title><idno type="ISSN">0976-4879</idno><idno type="eISSN">0975-7406</idno><imprint><date when="2012">2012</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p>Alveolar ridge atrophy poses a clinical challenge toward the fabrication of successful prosthesis. Resorption of mandibular denture bearing areas results in unstable non-retentive dentures associated with pain and discomfort. This article describes rehabilitation procedure of a patient with resorbed ridge with maximal areas of coverage to improve support and neutral zone arrangement of teeth to improve stability of denture.</p></div></front><back><div1 type="bibliography"><listBibl><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Jennings, De" uniqKey="Jennings D">DE Jennings</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Jacobson, Tr" uniqKey="Jacobson T">TR Jacobson</name></author><author><name sortKey="Krol, Aj" uniqKey="Krol A">AJ Krol</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Azzam, Mk" uniqKey="Azzam M">MK Azzam</name></author><author><name sortKey="Yarktas, Aa" uniqKey="Yarktas A">AA Yarktas</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Wright, Cr" uniqKey="Wright C">CR Wright</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Gahan, Mj" uniqKey="Gahan M">MJ Gahan</name></author><author><name sortKey="Walmsky, Sf" uniqKey="Walmsky S">SF Walmsky</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Beresin, Ve" uniqKey="Beresin V">VE Beresin</name></author><author><name sortKey="Schisser, Fj" uniqKey="Schisser F">FJ Schisser</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Makzoume, Je" uniqKey="Makzoume J">JE Makzoume</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Malachias, A" uniqKey="Malachias A">A Malachias</name></author><author><name sortKey="Paranbas Hde, F" uniqKey="Paranbas Hde F">F Paranbas Hde</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Fish, Ew" uniqKey="Fish E">EW Fish</name></author></analytic></biblStruct></listBibl></div1></back></TEI><pmc article-type="case-report"><pmc-dir>properties open_access</pmc-dir>
<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">J Pharm Bioallied Sci</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">J Pharm Bioallied Sci</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">JPBS</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title>Journal of Pharmacy & Bioallied Sciences</journal-title></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0976-4879</issn><issn pub-type="epub">0975-7406</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Medknow Publications & Media Pvt Ltd</publisher-name><publisher-loc>India</publisher-loc></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">23066238</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="pmc">3467882</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">JPBS-4-149</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.4103/0975-7406.100256</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Dental Science - Case Report</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Clinical management of highly resorbed mandibular ridge without fibrous tissue</article-title></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Devaki</surname><given-names>Veeramalai N.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"></xref><xref ref-type="corresp" rid="cor1"></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Manonmani</surname><given-names>Paramasivam</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Balu</surname><given-names>Kandasamy</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Aravind</surname><given-names>Ramraj Jayabalan</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">1</xref></contrib></contrib-group><aff id="aff1">Department of Prosthodontics, Vivekananda Dental College, Tiruchengode, Tamil Nadu, India</aff><aff id="aff2"><label>1</label>Department of Oral Surgery, Vivekananda Dental College, Tiruchengode, Tamil Nadu, India</aff><author-notes><corresp id="cor1"><bold>Address for correspondence:</bold> Dr. Veeramalai N. Devaki E-mail: <email xlink:href="drdevaki_2005@gmail.com">drdevaki_2005@gmail.com</email></corresp></author-notes><pub-date pub-type="ppub"><month>8</month><year>2012</year></pub-date><volume>4</volume><issue>Suppl 2</issue><fpage>S149</fpage><lpage>S152</lpage><history><date date-type="received"><day>01</day><month>12</month><year>2011</year></date><date date-type="rev-recd"><day>02</day><month>1</month><year>2012</year></date><date date-type="accepted"><day>26</day><month>1</month><year>2012</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright: © Journal of Pharmacy and Bioallied Sciences</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2012</copyright-year><license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0"><license-p>This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 3.0 Unported, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.</license-p></license></permissions><abstract><p>Alveolar ridge atrophy poses a clinical challenge toward the fabrication of successful prosthesis. Resorption of mandibular denture bearing areas results in unstable non-retentive dentures associated with pain and discomfort. This article describes rehabilitation procedure of a patient with resorbed ridge with maximal areas of coverage to improve support and neutral zone arrangement of teeth to improve stability of denture.</p></abstract><kwd-group><title>KEY WORDS</title><kwd>Lateral throat form</kwd><kwd>neutral zone</kwd><kwd>resorbed mandibular ridge</kwd><kwd>tissue conditioner</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><body><p>Complete denture therapy is undoubtedly among the age-old forms of dental treatment used to rehabilitate an edentulous patient.</p><p>The key to successful denture therapy lies in precise execution of the treatment plan formulated by evaluation of a complete comprehensive history and through examination. Such a treatment is based on Devan's principles of preservation of what already exists than the mere replacement of what is missing.[<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref1">1</xref>]</p><sec id="sec1-1"><title>Case Report</title><p>A 55-year-old female patient, Mrs. Latha, was referred to the Department of Prosthodontics at VDCW with the complaints of not being able to masticate, loosening of upper and lower denture, and poor esthetics for the past 3 years. She also had the complaint that the denture was moving during normal activities like swallowing and speaking. After the examination of the patient, it was clearly understood that mandibular ridge was fully compromised and the general palpation revealed there was no hypermobile tissue [<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F1">Figure 1</xref>]. So, the patient was informed of all the options available for the treatment, and treatment chosen was esthetically and functionally viable for her. This article describes a simple clinical approach for fabrication of denture, which had good retention, stability, and esthetics for the patient.</p><fig id="F1" position="float"><label>Figure 1</label><caption><p>Resorbed ridge</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="JPBS-4-149-g001"></graphic></fig></sec><sec id="sec1-2"><title>Techniques</title><sec id="sec2-1"><title>Technique I: To improve the support</title><p>Support[<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref2">2</xref>] is defined as resistance to vertical component of mastication in maxillary and mandibular bones.</p><p><list list-type="order"><list-item><p>Maximal extension of the denture base</p></list-item><list-item><p>Maximal area of contact between mucosa membrane and denture base</p></list-item><list-item><p>Intimate contact of the denture base and its basal seat.</p></list-item></list></p><p>Retromolar pad is a soft elevation of mucosa that lies distal to third molar. It consists of loose connective tissue with aggregation of mucous glands. It is covered by smoother, less cornified epithelium. Pear-shaped pad was the term coined by Craddock and refers to an area formed by residual scar of 3<sup>rd</sup> molar and the retromolar papilla. The mandibular denture should terminate over the distal edge of the pear-shaped pad. If the ridge is poor, the support is difficult. It may be advantageous to bead the denture just distal to the pear-shaped pad and cover the retromolar pad.</p></sec><sec id="sec2-2"><title>Technique II: Improved retention</title><p>Retention[<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref3">3</xref>] is defined as the quality inherent in dental prosthesis with the ability to resist forces of dislodgment along path of withdrawal.</p><p>First, primary impression was made with impression compound and over it an wash impression was taken using alginate [<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F2">Figure 2</xref>]. Cast was poured in dental stone. Over the cast, special tray was constructed of autopolymerizing resin. The tray was trimmed 2 mm short of margin, checked in the mouth, and border molding was done.</p><fig id="F2" position="float"><label>Figure 2</label><caption><p>Primary impression</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="JPBS-4-149-g002"></graphic></fig><p>A properly formed denture base outline develops a seal that can be maintained during most normal oral functions. The labial flange extends from one buccal frenum to the other. The buccal flange extends from buccal frenum to retromolar pad. Posterior border extends to completely cover the retromolar pad. The lingual vestibule is divided into three areas: Anterior lingual vestibule (sublingual crescent area), middle vestibule (mylohyoid area), and distolingual vestibule (lateral throat form, retromylohyoid curtain).</p><p>Sublingual crescent area recording custom acrylic tray was trimmed 2 mm short of floor of the mouth and tracing compound was added to the border. The tracing compound was softened to a flowing consistency and the tray is placed into her mouth. The tongue should be in the normal rest position with the tip lightly touching the lingual surfaces of the mandibular anterior ridge.</p></sec></sec><sec id="sec1-3"><title>Procedure</title><p>A custom tracing tray was trimmed 2 mm short of floor of the mouth and tracing compound was added to the border. The lateral throat form area was recorded by asking the patient to protrude the tongue. This action activates the superior constrictor muscles which support the retromylohyoid curtain. The dentist then applied downward force on the impression tray while asking the patient to close the mouth. This records the action of medical pterygoid muscle on the retromolar curtain. Secondary impression was made in zinc oxide eugenol and the cast was poured in dental stone.</p></sec><sec id="sec1-4"><title>Techniques for Improving Stability</title><p>Resistance offered by the prosthesis[<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref4">4</xref>] in the horizontal direction:</p><p><list list-type="order"><list-item><p>Occlusal plane</p></list-item><list-item><p>Teeth arranged – Neutral zone</p></list-item><list-item><p>Using non-anatomical teeth</p></list-item></list></p></sec><sec id="sec1-5"><title>Neutral Zone</title><p>Potential space[<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref5">5</xref>] between lips and cheeks on one side and tongue on other side (or) the area or position where the forces between the tongue and cheeks or lips are equal.</p></sec><sec id="sec1-6"><title>Materials – Recording Neutral Zone</title><p>Modeling plastic,[<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref6">6</xref>] impression compound, soft wax, silicone, tissue conditioners, resilient lining materials</p></sec><sec id="sec1-7"><title>Techniques</title><p>According to technique I, primary impressions of the upper and lower jaws are taken using the impression compound and model is poured. On this model, upper wax rims and lower special tray are constructed.[<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref7">7</xref>] The special tray is a plate of acrylic adapted to the lower ridge without a handle.</p><p>The upper wax rim is adjusted as in normal registration for a complete denture. The lower special tray is placed in the mouth. Two occlusal pillars are then built in low fusing compound. These pillars are molded and adjusted to the correct height so as to give the usual 3-mm freeway space.[<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref8">8</xref>]</p><p>A thick mix of viscogel is then placed around the rest of the lower special tray distally and mesially to the occlusal pillars. The patient is then asked to talk and swallow, and drink some water. After 5–10 minutes, the set impression is removed from the mouth and cleaned. The viscogel material would have been molded by the patient's musculature into a position of balance [<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F3">Figure 3</xref>].[<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref9">9</xref>]</p><fig id="F3" position="float"><label>Figure 3</label><caption><p>Occlusal pillars with jaw relation</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="JPBS-4-149-g003"></graphic></fig><p>Indices are then constructed is the lab by surrounding the impression with plaster. When the viscogel and tray are removed, a gutter corresponding to the neutral zone is left behind. The teeth may then be placed into the neutral zone [<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F4">Figure 4</xref>].</p><fig id="F4" position="float"><label>Figure 4</label><caption><p>Netural zone</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="JPBS-4-149-g004"></graphic></fig></sec><sec sec-type="discussion" id="sec1-8"><title>Discussion</title><p>The residual alveolar ridge[<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref8">8</xref>] consists of denture-bearing mucosa, submucosa, periosteum, and underlying alveolar bone. Residual bone is that part of alveolar ridge which remains after the teeth have been lost. After the loss of tooth, the alveoli that contained root are filled with new bone. This alveolar process becomes the residual ridge which is the foundation for the denture. The mean denture-bearing area of mandible is 12.25 cm<sup>2</sup>. We use the following clinical techniques to improve support, retention, and stability of the lower denture. We used the maximal contact between mucosa membrane and denture base and intimate contact of denture base and basal seat area. Retention was improved by using lateral throat form. Stability[<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref10">10</xref>] can be improved by using different jaw relation techniques. Neutral zone was recorded by means of tissue conditioner and tooth was set exactly in the neutral zone [Figures <xref ref-type="fig" rid="F5">5</xref> and <xref ref-type="fig" rid="F6">6</xref>]. After the wax trail was completed, it was seen whether the patient's tongue was at par with the lingual cusp of the lower posterior teeth. Denture was processed in heat-cure acrylic resin and inserted in the patient. The patient was then recalled after 6 months and she was quite satisfied with retention stability and esthetics of the new set of denture.</p><fig id="F5" position="float"><label>Figure 5</label><caption><p>Neutral zone in tissue conditioner</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="JPBS-4-149-g005"></graphic></fig><fig id="F6" position="float"><label>Figure 6</label><caption><p>Wax trail in neutral zone</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="JPBS-4-149-g006"></graphic></fig></sec><sec sec-type="conclusion" id="sec1-9"><title>Conclusion</title><p>Success of complete lower dentures has been a challenge for dentists and patients alike. In particular, a flat lower ridge is associated with difficulties in providing successful dentures. A proper understanding of the factors involved in stabilizing a lower denture is necessary. A lower denture which covers the entire supporting area available to it with its flange intensions in harmony with the surrounding musculature will certainly show improved stability retention and support [<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F7">Figure 7</xref>].</p><fig id="F7" position="float"><label>Figure 7</label><caption><p>Retention stability improved denture</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="JPBS-4-149-g007"></graphic></fig></sec></body><back><fn-group><fn fn-type="supported-by"><p><bold>Source of Support:</bold> Nil</p></fn><fn fn-type="conflict"><p><bold>Conflict of Interest:</bold> None declared.</p></fn></fn-group><ref-list><ref id="ref1"><label>1</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Jennings</surname><given-names>DE</given-names></name></person-group><article-title>Treatment of mandibular compromised ridge. 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