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<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo as a complication of sinus floor elevation</title><author><name sortKey="Kim, Moon Sun" sort="Kim, Moon Sun" uniqKey="Kim M" first="Moon-Sun" last="Kim">Moon-Sun Kim</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1">Department of Periodontology, Gangneung-Wonju National University College of Dentistry, Gangneung, Korea.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lee, Jae Kwan" sort="Lee, Jae Kwan" uniqKey="Lee J" first="Jae-Kwan" last="Lee">Jae-Kwan Lee</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1">Department of Periodontology, Gangneung-Wonju National University College of Dentistry, Gangneung, Korea.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Chang, Beom Seok" sort="Chang, Beom Seok" uniqKey="Chang B" first="Beom-Seok" last="Chang">Beom-Seok Chang</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1">Department of Periodontology, Gangneung-Wonju National University College of Dentistry, Gangneung, Korea.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Um, Heung Sik" sort="Um, Heung Sik" uniqKey="Um H" first="Heung-Sik" last="Um">Heung-Sik Um</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1">Department of Periodontology, Gangneung-Wonju National University College of Dentistry, Gangneung, Korea.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno><idno type="pmid">20498765</idno><idno type="pmc">2872812</idno><idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2872812</idno><idno type="RBID">PMC:2872812</idno><idno type="doi">10.5051/jpis.2010.40.2.86</idno><date when="2010">2010</date><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Corpus">001F08</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PMC">001F08</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo as a complication of sinus floor elevation</title><author><name sortKey="Kim, Moon Sun" sort="Kim, Moon Sun" uniqKey="Kim M" first="Moon-Sun" last="Kim">Moon-Sun Kim</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1">Department of Periodontology, Gangneung-Wonju National University College of Dentistry, Gangneung, Korea.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lee, Jae Kwan" sort="Lee, Jae Kwan" uniqKey="Lee J" first="Jae-Kwan" last="Lee">Jae-Kwan Lee</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1">Department of Periodontology, Gangneung-Wonju National University College of Dentistry, Gangneung, Korea.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Chang, Beom Seok" sort="Chang, Beom Seok" uniqKey="Chang B" first="Beom-Seok" last="Chang">Beom-Seok Chang</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1">Department of Periodontology, Gangneung-Wonju National University College of Dentistry, Gangneung, Korea.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Um, Heung Sik" sort="Um, Heung Sik" uniqKey="Um H" first="Heung-Sik" last="Um">Heung-Sik Um</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1">Department of Periodontology, Gangneung-Wonju National University College of Dentistry, Gangneung, Korea.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Journal of Periodontal & Implant Science</title><idno type="ISSN">2093-2278</idno><idno type="eISSN">2093-2286</idno><imprint><date when="2010">2010</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Purpose</title><p>Osteotome sinus floor elevation (OSFE) is an often-used technique of great utility in certain implant patients with resorbed posterior maxilla. Recently benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) has been reported as an early postoperative complication following OSFE. Although OSFE-induced BPPV commonly resolves itself within a month without treatment, this complication can be a cause of trouble between the implant surgeon and patient. This report presents a case of BPPV following OSFE.</p></sec><sec><title>Methods</title><p>A 27-year-old man without any significant medical problems and missing his maxillary right first molar, was scheduled for OSFE and simultaneous implant placement.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>The patient suffered dizziness accompanied by nausea immediately after implant placement using OSFE. Following referral to the ear nose throat clinic, "right posterior canal BPPV" was diagnosed. Despite anti vertigo medication and a single episode of the Epley maneuver, the condition did not improve completely. The Epley maneuver was then applied 7 and 8 days later and the symptoms of BPPV disappeared. One year later, the patient remained symptom-free.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusions</title><p>Before sinus elevation with an osteotome, implant surgeons should screen out patients with a history of vertigo, to diminish the possibility of BPPV. Operators should be aware of BPPV symptoms. As the symptoms may be very incapacitating, immediate referral to an otorhinolaryngologist is recommended.</p></sec></div></front><back><div1 type="bibliography"><listBibl><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Summers, Rb" uniqKey="Summers R">RB Summers</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Su, Gn" uniqKey="Su G">GN Su</name></author><author><name sortKey="Tai, Pw" uniqKey="Tai P">PW Tai</name></author><author><name sortKey="Su, Pt" uniqKey="Su P">PT Su</name></author><author><name sortKey="Chien, Hh" uniqKey="Chien H">HH Chien</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Penarrocha Diago, M" uniqKey="Penarrocha Diago M">M Penarrocha-Diago</name></author><author><name sortKey="Rambla Ferrer, J" uniqKey="Rambla Ferrer J">J Rambla-Ferrer</name></author><author><name sortKey="Perez, V" uniqKey="Perez V">V Perez</name></author><author><name sortKey="Perez Garrigues, H" uniqKey="Perez Garrigues H">H Perez-Garrigues</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Penarrocha, M" uniqKey="Penarrocha M">M Penarrocha</name></author><author><name sortKey="Perez, H" uniqKey="Perez H">H Perez</name></author><author><name sortKey="Garcia, A" uniqKey="Garcia A">A Garcia</name></author><author><name sortKey="Guarinos, J" uniqKey="Guarinos J">J Guarinos</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Di Girolamo, M" uniqKey="Di Girolamo M">M Di Girolamo</name></author><author><name sortKey="Napolitano, B" uniqKey="Napolitano B">B Napolitano</name></author><author><name sortKey="Arullani, Ca" uniqKey="Arullani C">CA Arullani</name></author><author><name sortKey="Bruno, E" uniqKey="Bruno E">E Bruno</name></author><author><name sortKey="Di Girolamo, S" uniqKey="Di Girolamo S">S Di Girolamo</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Bhattacharyya, N" uniqKey="Bhattacharyya N">N Bhattacharyya</name></author><author><name sortKey="Baugh, Rf" uniqKey="Baugh R">RF Baugh</name></author><author><name sortKey="Orvidas, L" uniqKey="Orvidas L">L Orvidas</name></author><author><name sortKey="Barrs, D" uniqKey="Barrs D">D Barrs</name></author><author><name sortKey="Bronston, Lj" uniqKey="Bronston L">LJ Bronston</name></author><author><name sortKey="Cass, S" uniqKey="Cass S">S Cass</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Tatum, H" uniqKey="Tatum H">H Tatum</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Saker, M" uniqKey="Saker M">M Saker</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ogle, O" uniqKey="Ogle O">O Ogle</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Kaplan, Dm" uniqKey="Kaplan D">DM Kaplan</name></author><author><name sortKey="Attal, U" uniqKey="Attal U">U Attal</name></author><author><name sortKey="Kraus, M" uniqKey="Kraus M">M Kraus</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Dix, Mr" uniqKey="Dix M">MR Dix</name></author><author><name sortKey="Hallpike, Cs" uniqKey="Hallpike C">CS Hallpike</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Herdman, Sj" uniqKey="Herdman S">SJ Herdman</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Von Brevern, M" uniqKey="Von Brevern M">M von Brevern</name></author><author><name sortKey="Seelig, T" uniqKey="Seelig T">T Seelig</name></author><author><name sortKey="Radtke, A" uniqKey="Radtke A">A Radtke</name></author><author><name sortKey="Tiel Wilck, K" uniqKey="Tiel Wilck K">K Tiel-Wilck</name></author><author><name sortKey="Neuhauser, H" uniqKey="Neuhauser H">H Neuhauser</name></author><author><name sortKey="Lempert, T" uniqKey="Lempert T">T Lempert</name></author></analytic></biblStruct></listBibl></div1></back></TEI><pmc article-type="case-report"><pmc-dir>properties open_access</pmc-dir>
<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">J Periodontal Implant Sci</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">JPIS</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title>Journal of Periodontal & Implant Science</journal-title></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2093-2278</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2093-2286</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Korean Academy of Periodontology</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">20498765</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="pmc">2872812</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.5051/jpis.2010.40.2.86</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Case Report</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo as a complication of sinus floor elevation</article-title></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Kim</surname><given-names>Moon-Sun</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A1"></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Lee</surname><given-names>Jae-Kwan</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A1"></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Chang</surname><given-names>Beom-Seok</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A1"></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name><surname>Um</surname><given-names>Heung-Sik</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A1"></xref></contrib></contrib-group><aff id="A1">Department of Periodontology, Gangneung-Wonju National University College of Dentistry, Gangneung, Korea.</aff><author-notes><corresp>Correspondence: Heung-Sik Um. Department of Periodontology, Gangneung-Wonju National University College of Dentistry, 120 Gangneungdaehangno, Gangneung 210-702, Korea. <email>hsum@gwnu.ac.kr</email>, Tel: +82-33-640-3184, Fax: +82-33-640-3113</corresp></author-notes><pub-date pub-type="ppub"><month>4</month><year>2010</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>15</day><month>4</month><year>2010</year></pub-date><volume>40</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>86</fpage><lpage>89</lpage><history><date date-type="received"><day>16</day><month>12</month><year>2009</year></date><date date-type="accepted"><day>22</day><month>2</month><year>2010</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright © 2010 Korean Academy of Periodontology</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2010</copyright-year><license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/"><license-p>This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution
Non-Commercial License (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/">http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/</ext-link>).</license-p></license></permissions><abstract><sec><title>Purpose</title><p>Osteotome sinus floor elevation (OSFE) is an often-used technique of great utility in certain implant patients with resorbed posterior maxilla. Recently benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) has been reported as an early postoperative complication following OSFE. Although OSFE-induced BPPV commonly resolves itself within a month without treatment, this complication can be a cause of trouble between the implant surgeon and patient. This report presents a case of BPPV following OSFE.</p></sec><sec><title>Methods</title><p>A 27-year-old man without any significant medical problems and missing his maxillary right first molar, was scheduled for OSFE and simultaneous implant placement.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>The patient suffered dizziness accompanied by nausea immediately after implant placement using OSFE. Following referral to the ear nose throat clinic, "right posterior canal BPPV" was diagnosed. Despite anti vertigo medication and a single episode of the Epley maneuver, the condition did not improve completely. The Epley maneuver was then applied 7 and 8 days later and the symptoms of BPPV disappeared. One year later, the patient remained symptom-free.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusions</title><p>Before sinus elevation with an osteotome, implant surgeons should screen out patients with a history of vertigo, to diminish the possibility of BPPV. Operators should be aware of BPPV symptoms. As the symptoms may be very incapacitating, immediate referral to an otorhinolaryngologist is recommended.</p></sec></abstract><kwd-group><kwd>Maxillary sinus</kwd><kwd>Vertigo</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><body><sec sec-type="intro"><title>INTRODUCTION</title><p>The osteotome sinus floor elevation (OSFE) introduced by Summers [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref>], is generally used in moderately resorbed posterior maxilla to graft the maxillary sinus in combination with immediate implant placement [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref>]. This technique requires striking the bone with a surgical mallet until the desired depth is reached.</p><p>During the installation of maxillary dental implants using the OSFE, the surgical trauma induced by percussion with the surgical mallet, along with hyperextension of the neck during the operation, can displace otoliths and result in the appearance of benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref>]. BPPV is a common vestibular end organ disorder characterized by short, often recurrent episodes of vertigo that are triggered by certain head movements in the plane of the posterior semicircular canals [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref>].</p><p>Although the incidence of OSFE-induced BPPV was less than 3% (4 in 146 patients) [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref>] and commonly resolves itself within a month without treatment [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref>], the symptoms involved are very unpleasant [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref>]. The symptoms are sufficiently severe to significantly hinder patients from carrying out normal daily activities if not identified correctly and managed properly.</p><p>A case of BPPV in a young man caused by surgical trauma during implant placement performed with the use of osteotomes is reported in this article.</p></sec><sec sec-type="cases"><title>CASE DESCRIPTION</title><p>This case report was exempted from the approval of the institutional review board. A healthy 27-year-old Korean man visited the Department of Periodontics in the Gangneung-Wonju National University Dental Hospital for implant placement in the edentulous region of the maxillary right first molar. The patient was in good physical health with no history of sinus disease or vertigo. He was not taking medications and denied any allergies. The maxillary right first molar had been extracted due to severe dental caries approximately 10 years prior to presentation.</p><p>Panoramic radiographs were taken for evaluation of the maxillary sinus and general dental state. Since radiographic evaluation revealed that the bone height between the alveolar ridge crest and sinus floor was 8 mm, the bone-adding OSFE procedure with simultaneous implant installation was planned. The patient was prepared in a routine aseptic manner.</p><p>Surgery was performed under local anesthesia (approximately 6 mL of 2% lidocaine hydrochloride with 1:100,000 epinephrine, Lignospan standard, Septodont, Cedex, France). The osteotomy was initiated with a guide drill to penetrate the cortical bone, followed by a 2 mm twist drill drilling to 1 mm short of the sinus floor. The cortical plate of the sinus floor was fractured for the bone-adding OSFE procedure using a surgical mallet and increasingly wider osteotomes. Because the cortical bone plate of the sinus floor was very hard, heavy malleting on osteotomes was done to elevate the sinus floor to the desired depth. Granular anorganic bovine bone measuring 0.25 to 1 mm (Bio-Oss®, Geistlich AG, Wollhusen, Switzerland) was intermittently added to the implant osteotomy site during the sinus elevation procedure (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F1">Fig. 1</xref>). A 4 × 10 mm implant (Shinhung Implant M, Tapered type, Shinhung, Seoul, Korea) was then placed in the osteotomy site (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F2">Fig. 2</xref>). The surgery lasted about 40 minutes. Upon sitting up after surgery, the patient experienced intense vertigo with nausea, especially when he changed the position of his head. He sat in the dental chair and rested for 30 minutes, but he was still affected by vertigo.</p><p>The next day, the patient was referred to an otorhinolaryngologist for treatment of the postoperative vertigo. After a positive Dix-Hallpike test, posterior canal BPPV at the right inner ear was diagnosed. During the Dix-Hallpike test, a nystagmus response and vertigo was provoked on the cephalic hyperextension with right lateralization. The Epley maneuver [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref>] was performed once on the patient's right side, and anti-vertigo drugs (dimenhydrinate 50 mg, Bonaling-A®, Il Yang Pharm., Seoul, Korea) were prescribed to help him maintain a normal life. Nevertheless, the patient stayed vertiginous for 1 week. On follow-up dental visits at 7 and 8 days, an implant surgeon performed additional Epley maneuvers. After the Epley maneuvers by the dentist, the patient became asymptomatic; he remained asymptomatic 1 year later.</p></sec><sec sec-type="discussion"><title>DISCUSSION</title><p>Recently, the incidence of posterior maxilla implant placement is increasing in the elderly population. With increasing age, the resorptive process predominates over new bone formation, and the loss of teeth leads to increased osteoclastic activity, resulting in bone height deficiency in the alveolar process of the maxilla [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref>]. When there is less than 10 mm of bone remaining between the crest of the maxilla and the floor of the sinus, bone augmentation must be considered [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref>]. Tatum [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref>] introduced the crestal approach and lateral approach sinus augmentation procedures in the 1970s [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref>]. In the crestal approach, a special set of osteotomes (Summers Osteotome Kit) and a surgical mallet were used to raise the sinus floor [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref>].</p><p>Preparation of the implant beds with osteotomes and a surgical mallet transmits percussive forces capable of detaching heavy, inorganic particles (otoliths) from the otoconia layer of the utricular macula [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref>]. Moreover, during surgical positioning of the patient face up and his head in hyperextension favor the displacement of otoliths into the posterior semicircular canal [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref>-<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref>] (<italic>Canalithiasis</italic> ; i.e. that which is free-floating from the macula and gravitates into the endolymph of the semicircular canal). Then the otoliths float around in the gravity-sensitive endolymph system, causing vertigo [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref>]. These disturbances are almost in the plane of the posterior semicircular canal, although in some cases the other semicircular canal is affected [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref>].</p><p>The diagnosis of BPPV is established by inducing a rapid change from the sitting position to the left or right head-hanging position - the Dix-Hallpike test [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref>]. Patients with BPPV experience vertigo when moved rapidly into a supine position with the head turned so that the affected ear is 30 to 45 degrees below the horizontal plane [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref>]. The vertigo occurs with a latency of 1 to 40 seconds after the patient has been placed in the provoked position (usually after 1 to 5 seconds) [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref>]. The patient also develops a characteristic nystagmus, which is torsional with the eyes directed toward the affected side, becoming more vertical ("up beating") when the eyes are directed away from the affected side [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref>]. The vertigo and nystagmus then disappear in approximately 30 to 60 seconds [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref>]. It should be noted that patients who develop vertigo with this maneuver but do not develop the nystagmus do not have BPPV [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref>].</p><p>Although BPPV is a "self-limiting" disorder and commonly resolves itself within a month [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref>], the symptoms involved are very unpleasant for the patient. Therefore, implant surgeons must resolve this condition quickly with appropriate treatment.</p><p>The symptoms of vertigo due to many different underlying etiologies are commonly treated with medications [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref>]. Clinicians may prescribe pharmacological management to either reduce the spinning sensation of vertigo and/or to reduce the accompanying motion sickness symptoms. The most commonly used are benzodiazepines and antihistamines. Benzodiazepines, such as diazepam, and clonazepam, have anxiolytic, sedative, muscle relaxant, and anticonvulsant properties derived from potentiating the inhibitory effect of the gamma-amino butyric acid system. Antihistamines, on the other hand, appear to have a suppressive effect on the central emetic center which relieves the nausea and vomiting associated with motion sickness. Common examples of antihistamines used to treat symptoms of vertigo and/or associated motion sickness include meclizine and diphenhydramine. Motion sickness medications are sometimes helpful in controlling the nausea, but are generally not very beneficial [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref>].</p><p>Physical maneuvers have proven to be very effective in treating BPPV. The canalith repositioning procedure, known as the "Epley maneuver," which is used in posterior semicircular canal BPPV cases, is effective in about 80% of patients [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">12</xref>]. Through a series of head position changes, the Epley maneuver moves the canaliths from the posterior semicircular canal to the vestibule, thereby relieving the stimulus from the semicircular canal that had been producing the vertigo in BPPV [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref>]. Following repositioning of the canaliths, the subject of this report has had no recurrence of his symptoms.</p><p>This report shows that the clinician should know about and expect BPPV after the osteotome technique. To prevent this complication, gentle malleting and a careful approach should be taken during the osteotome technique. The lateral approach and the use of other surgical kits for a crestal approach instead of mallet percussion should prevent the trauma to the craniofacial area as much as possible. In suspected cases of BPPV, the patient should be informed about the possibility of postoperative vestibular symptoms because these symptoms may be very unpleasant and may cause considerable stress when one is unaware of this problem. As the symptoms may be very incapacitating, immediate referral to an otorhinolaryngologist is strongly recommended. Early diagnosis of BPPV and immediate application of the Epley maneuver may help reduce the patient's discomfort.</p></sec></body><back><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.</p></fn></fn-group><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Summers</surname><given-names>RB</given-names></name></person-group><article-title>The osteotome technique: Part 3--Less invasive methods of elevating the sinus floor</article-title><source>Compendium</source><year>1994</year><volume>15</volume><fpage>698</fpage><lpage>704</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">7994726</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group 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Brevern</surname><given-names>M</given-names></name><name><surname>Seelig</surname><given-names>T</given-names></name><name><surname>Radtke</surname><given-names>A</given-names></name><name><surname>Tiel-Wilck</surname><given-names>K</given-names></name><name><surname>Neuhauser</surname><given-names>H</given-names></name><name><surname>Lempert</surname><given-names>T</given-names></name></person-group><article-title>Short-term efficacy of Epley's manoeuvre: a double-blind randomised trial</article-title><source>J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry</source><year>2006</year><volume>77</volume><fpage>980</fpage><lpage>982</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">16549410</pub-id></element-citation></ref></ref-list></back><floats-group><fig id="F1" position="float"><label>Figure 1</label><caption><p>A clinical view of osteotome sinus floor elevation.</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="jpis-40-86-g001"></graphic></fig><fig id="F2" position="float"><label>Figure 2</label><caption><p>A radiographic view after osteotome sinus floor elevation.</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="jpis-40-86-g002"></graphic></fig></floats-group></pmc></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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