Light weight dentures: An innovative technique
Identifieur interne : 001C16 ( Pmc/Corpus ); précédent : 001C15; suivant : 001C17Light weight dentures: An innovative technique
Auteurs : Sham Gundawar ; Aakanksha Zamad ; Sneha GundawarSource :
- Contemporary Clinical Dentistry [ 0976-237X ] ; 2014.
Abstract
Retention, stability and support are the basic principles on which the success of a complete denture relies. The severely resorbed maxillary and mandibular edentulous arches that are narrow and constricted with increased interarch space provide decreased support, retention and stability. To decrease the leverage, reduction in the weight of the prosthesis was recommended and also found beneficial. This article describes a simple procedure to reduce the weight of maxillary complete denture by use of an autopolymerizing acrylic resin shell which is incorporated during the packing stage. This method has the advantage of being easy and requires very little additional time. Hollow maxillary complete denture considerably reduces the weight of the prosthesis, which in turn prevents transmission of detrimental forces by reducing leverage action. This results in increased retention and stability and up to some extent it also preserves the existing residual alveolar ridge. The technique uses a clear matrix of trial denture to facilitate shaping of dough spacer to ensure an even thickness of acrylic to resist deformation and prevent seepage of saliva into the cavity making this technique more predictable. An autopolymerizing acrylic resin shell which creates hollow space and also has strength. Technique is simple to execute, easy economical and matching the shade of autopolymerizing acrylic resin with heat cures acrylic resin enhances esthetics. Light weight hollow dentures provide healthy and comfortable living for the geriatric edentulous patient.
Url:
DOI: 10.4103/0976-237X.128695
PubMed: 24808715
PubMed Central: 4012108
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<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Light weight dentures: An innovative technique</title><author><name sortKey="Gundawar, Sham" sort="Gundawar, Sham" uniqKey="Gundawar S" first="Sham" last="Gundawar">Sham Gundawar</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1"></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zamad, Aakanksha" sort="Zamad, Aakanksha" uniqKey="Zamad A" first="Aakanksha" last="Zamad">Aakanksha Zamad</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1"></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gundawar, Sneha" sort="Gundawar, Sneha" uniqKey="Gundawar S" first="Sneha" last="Gundawar">Sneha Gundawar</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1"></nlm:aff></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno><idno type="pmid">24808715</idno><idno type="pmc">4012108</idno><idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4012108</idno><idno type="RBID">PMC:4012108</idno><idno type="doi">10.4103/0976-237X.128695</idno><date when="2014">2014</date><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Corpus">001C16</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PMC">001C16</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">Light weight dentures: An innovative technique</title><author><name sortKey="Gundawar, Sham" sort="Gundawar, Sham" uniqKey="Gundawar S" first="Sham" last="Gundawar">Sham Gundawar</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1"></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zamad, Aakanksha" sort="Zamad, Aakanksha" uniqKey="Zamad A" first="Aakanksha" last="Zamad">Aakanksha Zamad</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1"></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gundawar, Sneha" sort="Gundawar, Sneha" uniqKey="Gundawar S" first="Sneha" last="Gundawar">Sneha Gundawar</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1"></nlm:aff></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Contemporary Clinical Dentistry</title><idno type="ISSN">0976-237X</idno><idno type="eISSN">0976-2361</idno><imprint><date when="2014">2014</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p>Retention, stability and support are the basic principles on which the success of a complete denture relies. The severely resorbed maxillary and mandibular edentulous arches that are narrow and constricted with increased interarch space provide decreased support, retention and stability. To decrease the leverage, reduction in the weight of the prosthesis was recommended and also found beneficial. This article describes a simple procedure to reduce the weight of maxillary complete denture by use of an autopolymerizing acrylic resin shell which is incorporated during the packing stage. This method has the advantage of being easy and requires very little additional time. Hollow maxillary complete denture considerably reduces the weight of the prosthesis, which in turn prevents transmission of detrimental forces by reducing leverage action. This results in increased retention and stability and up to some extent it also preserves the existing residual alveolar ridge. The technique uses a clear matrix of trial denture to facilitate shaping of dough spacer to ensure an even thickness of acrylic to resist deformation and prevent seepage of saliva into the cavity making this technique more predictable. An autopolymerizing acrylic resin shell which creates hollow space and also has strength. Technique is simple to execute, easy economical and matching the shade of autopolymerizing acrylic resin with heat cures acrylic resin enhances esthetics. Light weight hollow dentures provide healthy and comfortable living for the geriatric edentulous patient.</p></div></front><back><div1 type="bibliography"><listBibl><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="O Ullivan, M" uniqKey="O Ullivan M">M O’Sullivan</name></author><author><name sortKey="Hansen, N" uniqKey="Hansen N">N Hansen</name></author><author><name sortKey="Cronin, Rj" uniqKey="Cronin R">RJ Cronin</name></author><author><name sortKey="Cagna, Dr" uniqKey="Cagna D">DR Cagna</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Worley, Jl" uniqKey="Worley J">JL Worley</name></author><author><name sortKey="Kniejski, Me" uniqKey="Kniejski M">ME Kniejski</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Holt, Ra" uniqKey="Holt R">RA Holt</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Jhanji, A" uniqKey="Jhanji A">A Jhanji</name></author><author><name sortKey="Stevens, St" uniqKey="Stevens S">ST Stevens</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Dabreo, El" uniqKey="Dabreo E">EL DaBreo</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Fattore, Ld" uniqKey="Fattore L">LD Fattore</name></author><author><name sortKey="Fine, L" uniqKey="Fine L">L Fine</name></author><author><name sortKey="Edmonds, Dc" uniqKey="Edmonds D">DC Edmonds</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Chaturvedi, S" uniqKey="Chaturvedi S">S Chaturvedi</name></author><author><name sortKey="Verma, Ak" uniqKey="Verma A">AK Verma</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ali, M" uniqKey="Ali M">M Ali</name></author><author><name sortKey="Vadhwani, P" uniqKey="Vadhwani P">P Vadhwani</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Shetty, V" uniqKey="Shetty V">V Shetty</name></author><author><name sortKey="Gali, S" uniqKey="Gali S">S Gali</name></author><author><name sortKey="Avindram, Sr" uniqKey="Avindram S">SR Avindram</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Aggarwal, H" uniqKey="Aggarwal H">H Aggarwal</name></author><author><name sortKey="Jurel, Sk" uniqKey="Jurel S">SK Jurel</name></author><author><name sortKey="Singh, Rd" uniqKey="Singh R">RD Singh</name></author><author><name sortKey="Chand, P" uniqKey="Chand P">P Chand</name></author><author><name sortKey="Kumar, P" uniqKey="Kumar P">P Kumar</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Kaira, Ls" uniqKey="Kaira L">LS Kaira</name></author><author><name sortKey="Singh, R" uniqKey="Singh R">R Singh</name></author><author><name sortKey="Jain, M" uniqKey="Jain M">M Jain</name></author><author><name sortKey="Mishra, R" uniqKey="Mishra R">R Mishra</name></author></analytic></biblStruct></listBibl></div1></back></TEI><pmc article-type="case-report"><pmc-dir>properties open_access</pmc-dir>
<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Contemp Clin Dent</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">Contemp Clin Dent</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">CCD</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title>Contemporary Clinical Dentistry</journal-title></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0976-237X</issn><issn pub-type="epub">0976-2361</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Medknow Publications & Media Pvt Ltd</publisher-name><publisher-loc>India</publisher-loc></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">24808715</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="pmc">4012108</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">CCD-5-134</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.4103/0976-237X.128695</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Case Report</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Light weight dentures: An innovative technique</article-title></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Gundawar</surname><given-names>Sham</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Zamad</surname><given-names>Aakanksha</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Gundawar</surname><given-names>Sneha</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"></xref><xref ref-type="corresp" rid="cor1"></xref></contrib></contrib-group><aff id="aff1"><italic>Department of Prosthodontics, V. S. P. M.'s Dental College and Research Center, Digdoh Hills, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India</italic></aff><author-notes><corresp id="cor1"><bold>Correspondence:</bold> Dr. Sneha Gundawar, Department of Prosthodontics, V. S. P. M.'s Dental College and Research Center, Digdoh Hills, Hingna, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India. E-mail: <email xlink:href="drsnehagundawar@gmail.com">drsnehagundawar@gmail.com</email></corresp></author-notes><pub-date pub-type="ppub"><season>Jan-Mar</season><year>2014</year></pub-date><volume>5</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>134</fpage><lpage>137</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright: © Contemporary Clinical Dentistry</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2014</copyright-year><license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0"><license-p>This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 3.0 Unported, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.</license-p></license></permissions><abstract><p>Retention, stability and support are the basic principles on which the success of a complete denture relies. The severely resorbed maxillary and mandibular edentulous arches that are narrow and constricted with increased interarch space provide decreased support, retention and stability. To decrease the leverage, reduction in the weight of the prosthesis was recommended and also found beneficial. This article describes a simple procedure to reduce the weight of maxillary complete denture by use of an autopolymerizing acrylic resin shell which is incorporated during the packing stage. This method has the advantage of being easy and requires very little additional time. Hollow maxillary complete denture considerably reduces the weight of the prosthesis, which in turn prevents transmission of detrimental forces by reducing leverage action. This results in increased retention and stability and up to some extent it also preserves the existing residual alveolar ridge. The technique uses a clear matrix of trial denture to facilitate shaping of dough spacer to ensure an even thickness of acrylic to resist deformation and prevent seepage of saliva into the cavity making this technique more predictable. An autopolymerizing acrylic resin shell which creates hollow space and also has strength. Technique is simple to execute, easy economical and matching the shade of autopolymerizing acrylic resin with heat cures acrylic resin enhances esthetics. Light weight hollow dentures provide healthy and comfortable living for the geriatric edentulous patient.</p></abstract><kwd-group><kwd>Autopolymerizing acrylic resin shell</kwd><kwd>clear matrix</kwd><kwd>hollow maxillary complete denture</kwd><kwd>play dough</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><body><sec sec-type="intro" id="sec1-1"><title>Introduction</title><p>Extreme resorption of the maxillary denture-bearing area may lead to problems with prosthetic rehabilitation. These may be due to a narrower, more constricted residual ridge as resorption progresses, decreased supporting tissues and a resultant large restorative space between the maxillary residual ridge and opposing mandibular teeth. The latter may result in a heavy maxillary complete denture that may compound the poor denture-bearing ability of the tissues and lead to decreased retention and resistance.[<xref rid="ref1" ref-type="bibr">1</xref>]</p><p>Reducing the weight of a maxillary prosthesis, however, has been shown to be beneficial when constructing an obturator for the restoration of large maxillofacial defects.[<xref rid="ref1" ref-type="bibr">1</xref>]</p><p>Historically, weight reduction approaches have been achieved using a solid 3-dimensional spacer, including dental stone, cellophane wrapped asbestos,[<xref rid="ref2" ref-type="bibr">2</xref>] silicone putty,[<xref rid="ref3" ref-type="bibr">3</xref><xref rid="ref4" ref-type="bibr">4</xref>] or modeling clay[<xref rid="ref5" ref-type="bibr">5</xref>] during laboratory processing to exclude denture base material from the planned hollow cavity of the prosthesis. Multiple and separate pieces of the prosthesis are polymerized around a 3-dimensional spacer. Following the initial polymerization process, the solid spacer is removed. Individual pieces of the prosthesis are then joined using auto-polymerizing acrylic resin repair techniques.</p><p>A study by Fattore <italic>et al</italic>.[<xref rid="ref6" ref-type="bibr">6</xref>] used a variation of a double flask technique for obturator fabrication by adding heat-polymerizing acrylic resin over the definitive cast and processing a minimal thickness of acrylic resin around the teeth using a different drag. Both portions of resin were then attached using the heat-polymerized resin.</p><p>Holt[<xref rid="ref3" ref-type="bibr">3</xref>] processed a shim of acrylic resin over the residual ridge and used a spacer. The resin was indexed and the second half of the denture processed against the spacer and shim. The spacer was then removed and the 2 halves luted with autopolymerized acrylic resin using the indices to facilitate positioning.</p><p>O’Sullivan <italic>et al</italic>.[<xref rid="ref1" ref-type="bibr">1</xref>] described a modified method for fabricating a hollow maxillary denture. A clear matrix of trial denture base was made. The trial denture base was then invested in the conventional manner until the wax elimination. A 2 mm heat polymerized acrylic shim was made on the master cast, using a second flask. Silicone putty was placed over the shim and its thickness was estimated using a clear template. The original flask with the teeth was then placed over the putty and the processing was carried out. The putty was later removed from the distal end of the denture and the openings were sealed with autopolymerizing resin.</p><p>Chaturvedi <italic>et al</italic>.[<xref rid="ref7" ref-type="bibr">7</xref>] used dough of dental plaster – pumice and sugar syrup rolled and placed it over heat cured record base to act as spacer. Heat polymerizing resin was then mixed, packed and processed for 7-8 h. Two small openings were made with bur into denture base distal to most posterior teeth. Dental plaster – pumice – sugar syrup paste was then removed by scraping and putting it in water. This opening was later closed with autopolymerizing resin.</p><p>Shetty <italic>et al</italic>.[<xref rid="ref8" ref-type="bibr">8</xref>] used a denser thermocol and placed it over the roughened acrylic shim along the ridge and luted with cyanoacrylate.</p><p>Aggarwal <italic>et al</italic>.[<xref rid="ref9" ref-type="bibr">9</xref>] used lost salt technique. Half of heat cure in dough stage was positioned accurately over the dewaxed mold and salt crystals were placed over it. Above that, the remaining heat cure resin was packed. 2 holes were made in the thickest palatal area. All the residual salt crystals were removed by flushing water with high pressure syringe through the holes. Escape holes were closed with autoploymerizing resin.</p><p>This article describes the technique for fabrication of hollow denture using play dough (modeling clay) and autopolymerizing acrylic resin which is simple and easy.</p></sec><sec id="sec1-2"><title>Case Report</title><p>The present case is about a 69-year-old male patient who reported to the Department of Prosthodontics with the chief complaint of difficulty in chewing food due to worn out dentures. History revealed that the patient was edentulous for past 11 years and has been using the same denture from 11 years. Both maxillary and mandibular ridges were edentulous with no bony spicules. His upper lip [<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F1">Figure 1</xref>] was long and inter-ridge distance was more than normal. The previous denture was with severely attrited teeth. Hence, it was decided to fabricate a new set of denture for the patient.</p><fig id="F1" position="float"><label>Figure 1</label><caption><p>Extraoral view (long lips)</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="CCD-5-134-g001"></graphic></fig><p>After analyzing each available option, it was decided to fabricate hollow maxillary complete denture and conventional mandibular complete denture. The patient also approved the treatment plan as it was light in weight, inexpensive and a non-surgical procedure.</p></sec><sec id="sec1-3"><title>Technique</title><p><list list-type="order"><list-item><p>Until try in stage, the denture was fabricated in a conventional manner</p></list-item><list-item><p>The land area of the cast was indexed using a conical bur and trail denture was sealed to the definitive cast</p></list-item><list-item><p>The sealed trail denture was duplicated in irreversible hydrocolloid and poured in dental stone</p></list-item><list-item><p>A template of the duplicated trail denture was made adapting 1 mm thermoplastic sheet on the recovered cast using vacuum heat press machine [<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F2">Figure 2</xref>]</p></list-item><list-item><p>Two split denture flasks with interchangeable counters were used for processing</p></list-item><list-item><p>Trial denture was then processed in the standard manner up to the wax elimination stage in base 1 counter 1 flask</p></list-item><list-item><p>2 sheet thickness of the base plate wax were adapted to the definitive cast in the drag (base 1), conforming to the border extensions. For fabrication of permanent heat polymerized acrylic resin record base; base flask 1 with counter flask 2 was used</p></list-item><list-item><p>After deflasking the clear matrix was placed on the definitive cast (base 1) using the indices in the land area as seating guides</p></list-item><list-item><p>Play dough was placed on the base 1 [<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F3">Figure 3</xref>] and shaped to the approximate contours of the matrix. A space of approximate 1.5 mm was created between the clear matrix and play dough all over. An endodontic file with the rubber stop was used to measure the space between the matrix and the shaped play dough [<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F4">Figure 4a</xref> and <xref ref-type="fig" rid="F4">b</xref>]</p></list-item><list-item><p>Additional 1 mm space was provided over the tooth portion of the denture. The original cope (counter 1) was reseated on the drag (base 1) and verified for complete closure of the flask</p></list-item><list-item><p>Then alginate impression was made of base 1 with record base and shaped play dough</p></list-item><list-item><p>Autopolymerizing acrylic resin was sprinkled over the impression to form a thin shell of approximately 1 mm.</p></list-item><list-item><p>Dough was removed from heat cured record base (base 1) and it was cleaned</p></list-item><list-item><p>Autopolymerizing acrylic resin shell was placed and original cope (counter 1) was reseated on the drag (base 1) and verified for complete closure of the flask</p></list-item><list-item><p>Minor corrections if required were made and then the shell was secured over heat cured record base with the help of autopolymerizing acrylic resin [<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F5">Figure 5</xref>]</p></list-item><list-item><p>Heat cured acrylic resin was packed over shell (base 1 and counter 1) and processed</p></list-item><list-item><p>The denture was recovered in the usual manner; lab remounting was performed followed by finishing and polishing.</p></list-item></list></p><p>Seal was verified by immersing the denture in the water (air bubble should not be evident after immersing the dentures in the water) [<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F6">Figure 6</xref>].</p><fig id="F2" position="float"><label>Figure 2</label><caption><p>Duplicated sealed trial denture with clear matrix</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="CCD-5-134-g002"></graphic></fig><fig id="F3" position="float"><label>Figure 3</label><caption><p>Play dough placed on base 1</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="CCD-5-134-g003"></graphic></fig><fig id="F4" position="float"><label>Figure 4</label><caption><p>(a and b) Endodontic file with rubber stops used for measuring space</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="CCD-5-134-g004"></graphic></fig><fig id="F5" position="float"><label>Figure 5</label><caption><p>Autopolymerizing acrylic resin shell secured over heat cured record base with the help of autopolymerizing acrylic resin</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="CCD-5-134-g005"></graphic></fig><fig id="F6" position="float"><label>Figure 6</label><caption><p>Verification of seal by immersing the denture in water</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="CCD-5-134-g006"></graphic></fig><p>Denture care instructions were given to the patient.</p></sec><sec sec-type="discussion" id="sec1-4"><title>Discussion</title><p>Rehabilitation of patient with long lip length is a challenge to the dentist. Geriatric patients with systemic illness, economic constrains, possess reluctance for a long duration of treatment procedure and unwillingness for any kind of surgical procedure. Hence the best way is to rehabilitate them with the conventional way.</p><p>Resorbed residual ridges (compounded with long lip) resulted in increased inter-ridge distance. If conventional maxillary dentures were constructed then it would have resulted in increased weight of maxillary dentures that may result into resorption of maxillary edentulous foundation at a higher rate.</p><p>Reducing the weight of maxillary prosthesis, however, has been shown to be beneficial when constructing prosthesis for rehabilitation of edentulous patient. This can be achieved by making the maxillary denture hollow.</p><p>The technique has advantages of avoiding tedious effort to remove the spacer material from the denture. Problem with leakage and gauging resin thickness are overcome.</p><p>In O’Sullivan <italic>et al</italic>. technique removal of putty was difficult especially from the anterior portion and a large opening has to be made at the distal end to retrieve the hard putty.</p><p>Chaturvedi <italic>et al</italic>.[<xref rid="ref7" ref-type="bibr">7</xref>] used dough of dental plaster – pumice and sugar syrup this dough is brittle and may break during compression molding, it may also absorb monomer and in this technique also opening has to be made in the distal end to remove the spacer which may later compromise the seal of the denture.</p><p>Shetty <italic>et al</italic>.[<xref rid="ref8" ref-type="bibr">8</xref>] used a denser thermocol which may get displaced during compression molding.</p><p>Aggarwal <italic>et al</italic>.[<xref rid="ref9" ref-type="bibr">9</xref>] used lost salt technique. In this technique, the thickness of hollow part cannot be kept uniform; salt may react with heat cured acrylic resin and may lead to porosity.</p><p>The method in this case report has advantages over previously described techniques for the hollow denture fabrication. There is minimal extra laboratory procedure, there is no tedious effort to remove the spacer material, autopolymerizing acrylic resin shell also adds to the strength of the denture, color of autopolymerizing acrylic resin can be matched with heat cured acrylic resin thus enhancing esthetics, there is no chance of leakage. The technique is predictable and provides even space all around. The technique is economical and is performed using commonly available materials.</p></sec><sec sec-type="conclusions" id="sec1-5"><title>Conclusions</title><p>Hollow maxillary complete denture considerably reduces the weight of the prosthesis, which in turn prevents transmission of detrimental forces by reducing leverage action. This results in increased retention and stability and up to some extent it also preserves the existing residual alveolar ridge. The technique uses a clear matrix of the trial denture to facilitate shaping of dough spacer to ensure an even thickness of acrylic to resist deformation and prevent seepage of saliva into the cavity[<xref rid="ref10" ref-type="bibr">10</xref>] making this technique more predictable. An autopolymerizing acrylic resin shell which creates hollow space and also has strength. Technique is simple to execute, easy economical and matching the shade of autopolymerizing acrylic resin with heat cures acrylic resin enhances esthetics. Light weight hollow dentures provide healthy and comfortable living for the geriatric edentulous patient.</p></sec></body><back><fn-group><fn fn-type="supported-by"><p><bold>Source of Support:</bold> Nil</p></fn><fn fn-type="conflict"><p><bold>Conflict of Interest:</bold> None declared.</p></fn></fn-group><ref-list><ref id="ref1"><label>1</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>O’Sullivan</surname><given-names>M</given-names></name><name><surname>Hansen</surname><given-names>N</given-names></name><name><surname>Cronin</surname><given-names>RJ</given-names></name><name><surname>Cagna</surname><given-names>DR</given-names></name></person-group><article-title>The hollow maxillary complete denture: A modified technique</article-title><source>J Prosthet Dent</source><year>2004</year><volume>91</volume><fpage>591</fpage><lpage>4</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">15211304</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="ref2"><label>2</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Worley</surname><given-names>JL</given-names></name><name><surname>Kniejski</surname><given-names>ME</given-names></name></person-group><article-title>A method for controlling the thickness of hollow obturator prostheses</article-title><source>J Prosthet Dent</source><year>1983</year><volume>50</volume><fpage>227</fpage><lpage>9</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">6578330</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="ref3"><label>3</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Holt</surname><given-names>RA</given-names><suffix>Jr</suffix></name></person-group><article-title>A hollow complete lower denture</article-title><source>J Prosthet Dent</source><year>1981</year><volume>45</volume><fpage>452</fpage><lpage>4</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">7014847</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="ref4"><label>4</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Jhanji</surname><given-names>A</given-names></name><name><surname>Stevens</surname><given-names>ST</given-names></name></person-group><article-title>Fabrication of one-piece hollow obturators</article-title><source>J Prosthet Dent</source><year>1991</year><volume>66</volume><fpage>136</fpage><lpage>8</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">1941664</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="ref5"><label>5</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>DaBreo</surname><given-names>EL</given-names></name></person-group><article-title>A light-cured interim obturator prosthesis. 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