Links to Exploration step
Le document en format XML
<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Dental implants in patients treated with antiresorptive medication – a systematic literature review</title><author><name sortKey="Walter, Christian" sort="Walter, Christian" uniqKey="Walter C" first="Christian" last="Walter">Christian Walter</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff1">Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery – Plastic Surgery of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Augustusplatz 2, 55131 Mainz, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Al Nawas, Bilal" sort="Al Nawas, Bilal" uniqKey="Al Nawas B" first="Bilal" last="Al-Nawas">Bilal Al-Nawas</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff1">Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery – Plastic Surgery of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Augustusplatz 2, 55131 Mainz, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wolff, Tim" sort="Wolff, Tim" uniqKey="Wolff T" first="Tim" last="Wolff">Tim Wolff</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff2">Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery of the Dr. Horst Schmidt Clinic, Ludwig-Erhard-Str. 100, 65199 Wiesbaden, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Schiegnitz, Eik" sort="Schiegnitz, Eik" uniqKey="Schiegnitz E" first="Eik" last="Schiegnitz">Eik Schiegnitz</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff1">Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery – Plastic Surgery of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Augustusplatz 2, 55131 Mainz, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Grotz, Knut A" sort="Grotz, Knut A" uniqKey="Grotz K" first="Knut A." last="Grötz">Knut A. Grötz</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff2">Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery of the Dr. Horst Schmidt Clinic, Ludwig-Erhard-Str. 100, 65199 Wiesbaden, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno><idno type="pmid">27747701</idno><idno type="pmc">5005701</idno><idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5005701</idno><idno type="RBID">PMC:5005701</idno><idno type="doi">10.1186/s40729-016-0041-7</idno><date when="2016">2016</date><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Corpus">000E41</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PMC">000E41</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">Dental implants in patients treated with antiresorptive medication – a systematic literature review</title><author><name sortKey="Walter, Christian" sort="Walter, Christian" uniqKey="Walter C" first="Christian" last="Walter">Christian Walter</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff1">Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery – Plastic Surgery of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Augustusplatz 2, 55131 Mainz, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Al Nawas, Bilal" sort="Al Nawas, Bilal" uniqKey="Al Nawas B" first="Bilal" last="Al-Nawas">Bilal Al-Nawas</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff1">Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery – Plastic Surgery of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Augustusplatz 2, 55131 Mainz, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wolff, Tim" sort="Wolff, Tim" uniqKey="Wolff T" first="Tim" last="Wolff">Tim Wolff</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff2">Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery of the Dr. Horst Schmidt Clinic, Ludwig-Erhard-Str. 100, 65199 Wiesbaden, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Schiegnitz, Eik" sort="Schiegnitz, Eik" uniqKey="Schiegnitz E" first="Eik" last="Schiegnitz">Eik Schiegnitz</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff1">Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery – Plastic Surgery of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Augustusplatz 2, 55131 Mainz, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Grotz, Knut A" sort="Grotz, Knut A" uniqKey="Grotz K" first="Knut A." last="Grötz">Knut A. Grötz</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff2">Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery of the Dr. Horst Schmidt Clinic, Ludwig-Erhard-Str. 100, 65199 Wiesbaden, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">International Journal of Implant Dentistry</title><idno type="eISSN">2198-4034</idno><imprint><date when="2016">2016</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Objective</title><p>Bisphosphonate-associated osteonecrosis of the jaws (BP-ONJ) is triggered by inflammatory processes. Typical trigger factors are periodontal disease, denture pressure sores, and surgical interventions such as tooth extractions. Unfortunately there is only little data on how to proceed with implant therapy in patients with bisphosphonate treatment. This topic is not addressed in the German guidelines on medication-associated osteonecrosis. Therefore a systematic literature review was performed.</p></sec><sec><title>Methods</title><p>The PICO design was used: (Patients) For which subclientel of patients with antiresorptive therapy (intervention) do dental implants have a benefit (control) compared to forgoing dental implants (outcome) in regards to oral rehabilitation and quality of life without having a substantial risk of BP-ONJ development? A PubMed search was performed including all studies dealing with this topic. Case reports and studies with less than 5 cases were excluded.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>There is only very little data available, mostly retrospective case series. 50 articles were analyzed in detail. BP-ONJ can be triggered by dental implants and by dentures in patients with benign and malignant primary diseases. In most studies, analyzing osteoporosis patients only, no cases of BP-ONJ were observed in patients with implant therapy in the time span observed. There are no studies about implant therapy in patients with malignant diseases. Many case series analyzing the trigger factors for BP-ONJ describe dentures as one of the main causes. Perioperative antimicrobial prophylaxis has a benefit in the prevention of BP-ONJ development.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Successful implant therapy is possible in patients receiving antiresorptive therapy. The possibility of osteonecrosis development needs to be explained to the patient. An individual risk assessment is essential, taking the primary disease with the medication and further wound-healing-compromising diseases and medications into account. If possible, bone augmentations should be avoided, and a perioperative antimicrobiological prophylaxis is strongly recommended in these patients.</p></sec></div></front><back><div1 type="bibliography"><listBibl><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Grotz, Ka" uniqKey="Grotz K">KA Grötz</name></author><author><name sortKey="Piesold, Ju" uniqKey="Piesold J">JU Piesold</name></author><author><name sortKey="Al Nawas, B" uniqKey="Al Nawas B">B Al-Nawas</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Walter, C" uniqKey="Walter C">C Walter</name></author><author><name sortKey="Al Nawas, B" uniqKey="Al Nawas B">B Al-Nawas</name></author><author><name sortKey="Frickhofen, N" uniqKey="Frickhofen N">N Frickhofen</name></author><author><name sortKey="Gamm, H" uniqKey="Gamm H">H Gamm</name></author><author><name sortKey="Beck, J" uniqKey="Beck J">J Beck</name></author><author><name sortKey="Reinsch, L" uniqKey="Reinsch L">L Reinsch</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Walter, C" uniqKey="Walter C">C Walter</name></author><author><name sortKey="Sagheb, K" uniqKey="Sagheb K">K Sagheb</name></author><author><name sortKey="Bitzer, J" uniqKey="Bitzer J">J Bitzer</name></author><author><name sortKey="Rahimi Nedjat, R" uniqKey="Rahimi Nedjat R">R Rahimi-Nedjat</name></author><author><name sortKey="Taylor, Kj" uniqKey="Taylor K">KJ Taylor</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Walter, C" uniqKey="Walter C">C Walter</name></author><author><name sortKey="Laux, C" uniqKey="Laux C">C Laux</name></author><author><name sortKey="Sagheb, K" uniqKey="Sagheb K">K Sagheb</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Madrid, C" uniqKey="Madrid C">C Madrid</name></author><author><name sortKey="Sanz, M" uniqKey="Sanz M">M Sanz</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Borm, Jm" uniqKey="Borm J">JM Borm</name></author><author><name sortKey="Moser, S" uniqKey="Moser S">S Moser</name></author><author><name sortKey="Locher, M" uniqKey="Locher M">M Locher</name></author><author><name sortKey="Damerau, G" uniqKey="Damerau G">G Damerau</name></author><author><name sortKey="Stadlinger, B" uniqKey="Stadlinger B">B Stadlinger</name></author><author><name sortKey="Gratz, Kw" uniqKey="Gratz K">KW Gratz</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Ruggiero, Sl" uniqKey="Ruggiero S">SL Ruggiero</name></author><author><name sortKey="Dodson, Tb" uniqKey="Dodson T">TB Dodson</name></author><author><name sortKey="Fantasia, J" uniqKey="Fantasia J">J Fantasia</name></author><author><name sortKey="Goodday, R" uniqKey="Goodday R">R Goodday</name></author><author><name sortKey="Aghaloo, T" uniqKey="Aghaloo T">T Aghaloo</name></author><author><name sortKey="Mehrotra, B" uniqKey="Mehrotra B">B Mehrotra</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Holzinger, D" uniqKey="Holzinger D">D Holzinger</name></author><author><name sortKey="Seemann, R" uniqKey="Seemann R">R Seemann</name></author><author><name sortKey="Matoni, N" uniqKey="Matoni N">N Matoni</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ewers, R" uniqKey="Ewers R">R Ewers</name></author><author><name sortKey="Millesi, W" uniqKey="Millesi W">W Millesi</name></author><author><name sortKey="Wutzl, A" uniqKey="Wutzl A">A Wutzl</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Lopez Cedrun, Jl" uniqKey="Lopez Cedrun J">JL Lopez-Cedrun</name></author><author><name sortKey="Sanroman, Jf" uniqKey="Sanroman J">JF Sanroman</name></author><author><name sortKey="Garcia, A" uniqKey="Garcia A">A Garcia</name></author><author><name sortKey="Penarrocha, M" uniqKey="Penarrocha M">M Penarrocha</name></author><author><name sortKey="Feijoo, Jf" uniqKey="Feijoo J">JF Feijoo</name></author><author><name sortKey="Limeres, J" uniqKey="Limeres J">J Limeres</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Chadha, Gk" uniqKey="Chadha G">GK Chadha</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ahmadieh, A" uniqKey="Ahmadieh A">A Ahmadieh</name></author><author><name sortKey="Kumar, S" uniqKey="Kumar S">S Kumar</name></author><author><name sortKey="Sedghizadeh, Pp" uniqKey="Sedghizadeh P">PP Sedghizadeh</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Javed, F" uniqKey="Javed F">F Javed</name></author><author><name sortKey="Almas, K" uniqKey="Almas K">K Almas</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Bedogni, A" uniqKey="Bedogni A">A Bedogni</name></author><author><name sortKey="Bettini, G" uniqKey="Bettini G">G Bettini</name></author><author><name sortKey="Totola, A" uniqKey="Totola A">A Totola</name></author><author><name sortKey="Saia, G" uniqKey="Saia G">G Saia</name></author><author><name sortKey="Nocini, Pf" uniqKey="Nocini P">PF Nocini</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Schiegnitz, E" uniqKey="Schiegnitz E">E Schiegnitz</name></author><author><name sortKey="Al Nawas, B" uniqKey="Al Nawas B">B Al-Nawas</name></author><author><name sortKey="Kammerer, Pw" uniqKey="Kammerer P">PW Kammerer</name></author><author><name sortKey="Grotz, Ka" uniqKey="Grotz K">KA Grotz</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Niibe, K" uniqKey="Niibe K">K Niibe</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ouchi, T" uniqKey="Ouchi T">T Ouchi</name></author><author><name sortKey="Iwasaki, R" uniqKey="Iwasaki R">R Iwasaki</name></author><author><name sortKey="Nakagawa, T" uniqKey="Nakagawa T">T Nakagawa</name></author><author><name sortKey="Horie, N" uniqKey="Horie N">N Horie</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Tam, Y" uniqKey="Tam Y">Y Tam</name></author><author><name sortKey="Kar, K" uniqKey="Kar K">K Kar</name></author><author><name sortKey="Nowzari, H" uniqKey="Nowzari H">H Nowzari</name></author><author><name sortKey="Cha, Hs" uniqKey="Cha H">HS Cha</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ahn, Km" uniqKey="Ahn K">KM Ahn</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Kwon, Tg" uniqKey="Kwon T">TG Kwon</name></author><author><name sortKey="Lee, Co" uniqKey="Lee C">CO Lee</name></author><author><name sortKey="Park, Jw" uniqKey="Park J">JW Park</name></author><author><name sortKey="Choi, Sy" uniqKey="Choi S">SY Choi</name></author><author><name sortKey="Rijal, G" uniqKey="Rijal G">G Rijal</name></author><author><name sortKey="Shin, Hi" uniqKey="Shin H">HI Shin</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Jacobsen, C" uniqKey="Jacobsen C">C Jacobsen</name></author><author><name sortKey="Metzler, P" uniqKey="Metzler P">P Metzler</name></author><author><name sortKey="Rossle, M" uniqKey="Rossle M">M Rossle</name></author><author><name sortKey="Obwegeser, J" uniqKey="Obwegeser J">J Obwegeser</name></author><author><name sortKey="Zemann, W" uniqKey="Zemann W">W Zemann</name></author><author><name sortKey="Gratz, Kw" uniqKey="Gratz K">KW Gratz</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Lazarovici, Ts" uniqKey="Lazarovici T">TS Lazarovici</name></author><author><name sortKey="Yahalom, R" uniqKey="Yahalom R">R Yahalom</name></author><author><name sortKey="Taicher, S" uniqKey="Taicher S">S Taicher</name></author><author><name sortKey="Schwartz Arad, D" uniqKey="Schwartz Arad D">D Schwartz-Arad</name></author><author><name sortKey="Peleg, O" uniqKey="Peleg O">O Peleg</name></author><author><name sortKey="Yarom, N" uniqKey="Yarom N">N Yarom</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Nisi, M" uniqKey="Nisi M">M Nisi</name></author><author><name sortKey="La Ferla, F" uniqKey="La Ferla F">F La Ferla</name></author><author><name sortKey="Karapetsa, D" uniqKey="Karapetsa D">D Karapetsa</name></author><author><name sortKey="Gennai, S" uniqKey="Gennai S">S Gennai</name></author><author><name sortKey="Miccoli, M" uniqKey="Miccoli M">M Miccoli</name></author><author><name sortKey="Baggiani, A" uniqKey="Baggiani A">A Baggiani</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Kwon, Yd" uniqKey="Kwon Y">YD Kwon</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ohe, Jy" uniqKey="Ohe J">JY Ohe</name></author><author><name sortKey="Kim, Dy" uniqKey="Kim D">DY Kim</name></author><author><name sortKey="Chung, Dj" uniqKey="Chung D">DJ Chung</name></author><author><name sortKey="Park, Yd" uniqKey="Park Y">YD Park</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Koka, S" uniqKey="Koka S">S Koka</name></author><author><name sortKey="Babu, Nm" uniqKey="Babu N">NM Babu</name></author><author><name sortKey="Norell, A" uniqKey="Norell A">A Norell</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Marx, Re" uniqKey="Marx R">RE Marx</name></author><author><name sortKey="Sawatari, Y" uniqKey="Sawatari Y">Y Sawatari</name></author><author><name sortKey="Fortin, M" uniqKey="Fortin M">M Fortin</name></author><author><name sortKey="Broumand, V" uniqKey="Broumand V">V Broumand</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Al Sabbagh, M" uniqKey="Al Sabbagh M">M Al-Sabbagh</name></author><author><name sortKey="Robinson, Fg" uniqKey="Robinson F">FG Robinson</name></author><author><name sortKey="Romanos, G" uniqKey="Romanos G">G Romanos</name></author><author><name sortKey="Thomas, Mv" uniqKey="Thomas M">MV Thomas</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Famili, P" uniqKey="Famili P">P Famili</name></author><author><name sortKey="Quigley, S" uniqKey="Quigley S">S Quigley</name></author><author><name sortKey="Mosher, T" uniqKey="Mosher T">T Mosher</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Goss, A" uniqKey="Goss A">A Goss</name></author><author><name sortKey="Bartold, M" uniqKey="Bartold M">M Bartold</name></author><author><name sortKey="Sambrook, P" uniqKey="Sambrook P">P Sambrook</name></author><author><name sortKey="Hawker, P" uniqKey="Hawker P">P Hawker</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Lo, Jc" uniqKey="Lo J">JC Lo</name></author><author><name sortKey="O Ryan, Fs" uniqKey="O Ryan F">FS O'Ryan</name></author><author><name sortKey="Gordon, Np" uniqKey="Gordon N">NP Gordon</name></author><author><name sortKey="Yang, J" uniqKey="Yang J">J Yang</name></author><author><name sortKey="Hui, Rl" uniqKey="Hui R">RL Hui</name></author><author><name sortKey="Martin, D" uniqKey="Martin D">D Martin</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Bell, Bm" uniqKey="Bell B">BM Bell</name></author><author><name sortKey="Bell, Re" uniqKey="Bell R">RE Bell</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Grant, Bt" uniqKey="Grant B">BT Grant</name></author><author><name sortKey="Amenedo, C" uniqKey="Amenedo C">C Amenedo</name></author><author><name sortKey="Freeman, K" uniqKey="Freeman K">K Freeman</name></author><author><name sortKey="Kraut, Ra" uniqKey="Kraut R">RA Kraut</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Fugazzotto, Pa" uniqKey="Fugazzotto P">PA Fugazzotto</name></author><author><name sortKey="Lightfoot, Ws" uniqKey="Lightfoot W">WS Lightfoot</name></author><author><name sortKey="Jaffin, R" uniqKey="Jaffin R">R Jaffin</name></author><author><name sortKey="Kumar, A" uniqKey="Kumar A">A Kumar</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Jeffcoat, Mk" uniqKey="Jeffcoat M">MK Jeffcoat</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Boquete Castro, A" uniqKey="Boquete Castro A">A Boquete-Castro</name></author><author><name sortKey="Gomez Moreno, G" uniqKey="Gomez Moreno G">G Gomez-Moreno</name></author><author><name sortKey="Calvo Guirado, Jl" uniqKey="Calvo Guirado J">JL Calvo-Guirado</name></author><author><name sortKey="Aguilar Salvatierra, A" uniqKey="Aguilar Salvatierra A">A Aguilar-Salvatierra</name></author><author><name sortKey="Delgado Ruiz, Ra" uniqKey="Delgado Ruiz R">RA Delgado-Ruiz</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Bamias, A" uniqKey="Bamias A">A Bamias</name></author><author><name sortKey="Kastritis, E" uniqKey="Kastritis E">E Kastritis</name></author><author><name sortKey="Bamia, C" uniqKey="Bamia C">C Bamia</name></author><author><name sortKey="Moulopoulos, La" uniqKey="Moulopoulos L">LA Moulopoulos</name></author><author><name sortKey="Melakopoulos, I" uniqKey="Melakopoulos I">I Melakopoulos</name></author><author><name sortKey="Bozas, G" uniqKey="Bozas G">G Bozas</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Carmagnola, D" uniqKey="Carmagnola D">D Carmagnola</name></author><author><name sortKey="Celestino, S" uniqKey="Celestino S">S Celestino</name></author><author><name sortKey="Abati, S" uniqKey="Abati S">S Abati</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Jabbour, Z" uniqKey="Jabbour Z">Z Jabbour</name></author><author><name sortKey="El Hakim, M" uniqKey="El Hakim M">M El-Hakim</name></author><author><name sortKey="Mesbah Ardakani, P" uniqKey="Mesbah Ardakani P">P Mesbah-Ardakani</name></author><author><name sortKey="Henderson, Je" uniqKey="Henderson J">JE Henderson</name></author><author><name sortKey="Albuquerque, R" uniqKey="Albuquerque R">R Albuquerque</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Kos, M" uniqKey="Kos M">M Kos</name></author><author><name sortKey="Kuebler, Jf" uniqKey="Kuebler J">JF Kuebler</name></author><author><name sortKey="Luczak, K" uniqKey="Luczak K">K Luczak</name></author><author><name sortKey="Engelke, W" uniqKey="Engelke W">W Engelke</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Kumar, Sk" uniqKey="Kumar S">SK Kumar</name></author><author><name sortKey="Meru, M" uniqKey="Meru M">M Meru</name></author><author><name sortKey="Sedghizadeh, Pp" uniqKey="Sedghizadeh P">PP Sedghizadeh</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Kyrgidis, A" uniqKey="Kyrgidis A">A Kyrgidis</name></author><author><name sortKey="Vahtsevanos, K" uniqKey="Vahtsevanos K">K Vahtsevanos</name></author><author><name sortKey="Koloutsos, G" uniqKey="Koloutsos G">G Koloutsos</name></author><author><name sortKey="Andreadis, C" uniqKey="Andreadis C">C Andreadis</name></author><author><name sortKey="Boukovinas, I" uniqKey="Boukovinas I">I Boukovinas</name></author><author><name sortKey="Teleioudis, Z" uniqKey="Teleioudis Z">Z Teleioudis</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Vahtsevanos, K" uniqKey="Vahtsevanos K">K Vahtsevanos</name></author><author><name sortKey="Kyrgidis, A" uniqKey="Kyrgidis A">A Kyrgidis</name></author><author><name sortKey="Verrou, E" uniqKey="Verrou E">E Verrou</name></author><author><name sortKey="Katodritou, E" uniqKey="Katodritou E">E Katodritou</name></author><author><name sortKey="Triaridis, S" uniqKey="Triaridis S">S Triaridis</name></author><author><name sortKey="Andreadis, Cg" uniqKey="Andreadis C">CG Andreadis</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Walter, C" uniqKey="Walter C">C Walter</name></author><author><name sortKey="Al Nawas, B" uniqKey="Al Nawas B">B Al-Nawas</name></author><author><name sortKey="Grotz, Ka" uniqKey="Grotz K">KA Grotz</name></author><author><name sortKey="Thomas, C" uniqKey="Thomas C">C Thomas</name></author><author><name sortKey="Thuroff, Jw" uniqKey="Thuroff J">JW Thuroff</name></author><author><name sortKey="Zinser, V" uniqKey="Zinser V">V Zinser</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Walter, C" uniqKey="Walter C">C Walter</name></author><author><name sortKey="Grotz, Ka" uniqKey="Grotz K">KA Grotz</name></author><author><name sortKey="Kunkel, M" uniqKey="Kunkel M">M Kunkel</name></author><author><name sortKey="Al Nawas, B" uniqKey="Al Nawas B">B Al-Nawas</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Yarom, N" uniqKey="Yarom N">N Yarom</name></author><author><name sortKey="Yahalom, R" uniqKey="Yahalom R">R Yahalom</name></author><author><name sortKey="Shoshani, Y" uniqKey="Shoshani Y">Y Shoshani</name></author><author><name sortKey="Hamed, W" uniqKey="Hamed W">W Hamed</name></author><author><name sortKey="Regev, E" uniqKey="Regev E">E Regev</name></author><author><name sortKey="Elad, S" uniqKey="Elad S">S Elad</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Hasegawa, Y" uniqKey="Hasegawa Y">Y Hasegawa</name></author><author><name sortKey="Kawabe, M" uniqKey="Kawabe M">M Kawabe</name></author><author><name sortKey="Kimura, H" uniqKey="Kimura H">H Kimura</name></author><author><name sortKey="Kurita, K" uniqKey="Kurita K">K Kurita</name></author><author><name sortKey="Fukuta, J" uniqKey="Fukuta J">J Fukuta</name></author><author><name sortKey="Urade, M" uniqKey="Urade M">M Urade</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Debaz, C" uniqKey="Debaz C">C DeBaz</name></author><author><name sortKey="Hahn, J" uniqKey="Hahn J">J Hahn</name></author><author><name sortKey="Lang, L" uniqKey="Lang L">L Lang</name></author><author><name sortKey="Palomo, L" uniqKey="Palomo L">L Palomo</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Grotz, Ka" uniqKey="Grotz K">KA Grötz</name></author><author><name sortKey="Al Nawas, B" uniqKey="Al Nawas B">B Al-Nawas</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Hutchinson, M" uniqKey="Hutchinson M">M Hutchinson</name></author><author><name sortKey="O Ryan, F" uniqKey="O Ryan F">F O'Ryan</name></author><author><name sortKey="Chavez, V" uniqKey="Chavez V">V Chavez</name></author><author><name sortKey="Lathon, Pv" uniqKey="Lathon P">PV Lathon</name></author><author><name sortKey="Sanchez, G" uniqKey="Sanchez G">G Sanchez</name></author><author><name sortKey="Hatcher, Dc" uniqKey="Hatcher D">DC Hatcher</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Awad, Ma" uniqKey="Awad M">MA Awad</name></author><author><name sortKey="Rashid, F" uniqKey="Rashid F">F Rashid</name></author><author><name sortKey="Feine, Js" uniqKey="Feine J">JS Feine</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Boven, Gc" uniqKey="Boven G">GC Boven</name></author><author><name sortKey="Raghoebar, Gm" uniqKey="Raghoebar G">GM Raghoebar</name></author><author><name sortKey="Vissink, A" uniqKey="Vissink A">A Vissink</name></author><author><name sortKey="Meijer, Hj" uniqKey="Meijer H">HJ Meijer</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Kyrgidis, A" uniqKey="Kyrgidis A">A Kyrgidis</name></author><author><name sortKey="Triaridis, S" uniqKey="Triaridis S">S Triaridis</name></author><author><name sortKey="Kontos, K" uniqKey="Kontos K">K Kontos</name></author><author><name sortKey="Patrikidou, A" uniqKey="Patrikidou A">A Patrikidou</name></author><author><name sortKey="Andreadis, C" uniqKey="Andreadis C">C Andreadis</name></author><author><name sortKey="Constantinidis, J" uniqKey="Constantinidis J">J Constantinidis</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Montefusco, V" uniqKey="Montefusco V">V Montefusco</name></author><author><name sortKey="Gay, F" uniqKey="Gay F">F Gay</name></author><author><name sortKey="Spina, F" uniqKey="Spina F">F Spina</name></author><author><name sortKey="Miceli, R" uniqKey="Miceli R">R Miceli</name></author><author><name sortKey="Maniezzo, M" uniqKey="Maniezzo M">M Maniezzo</name></author><author><name sortKey="Teresa Ambrosini, M" uniqKey="Teresa Ambrosini M">M Teresa Ambrosini</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Grotz, Ka" uniqKey="Grotz K">KA Grötz</name></author><author><name sortKey="Al Nawas, B" uniqKey="Al Nawas B">B Al-Nawas</name></author><author><name sortKey="Terheyden, H" uniqKey="Terheyden H">H Terheyden</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Grotz, Ka" uniqKey="Grotz K">KA Grötz</name></author><author><name sortKey="Schmidt, Blj" uniqKey="Schmidt B">BLJ Schmidt</name></author><author><name sortKey="Walter, C" uniqKey="Walter C">C Walter</name></author><author><name sortKey="Al Nawas, B" uniqKey="Al Nawas B">B Al-Nawas</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Krimmel, M" uniqKey="Krimmel M">M Krimmel</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ripperger, J" uniqKey="Ripperger J">J Ripperger</name></author><author><name sortKey="Hairass, M" uniqKey="Hairass M">M Hairass</name></author><author><name sortKey="Hoefert, S" uniqKey="Hoefert S">S Hoefert</name></author><author><name sortKey="Kluba, S" uniqKey="Kluba S">S Kluba</name></author><author><name sortKey="Reinert, S" uniqKey="Reinert S">S Reinert</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Tsao, C" uniqKey="Tsao C">C Tsao</name></author><author><name sortKey="Darby, I" uniqKey="Darby I">I Darby</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ebeling, Pr" uniqKey="Ebeling P">PR Ebeling</name></author><author><name sortKey="Walsh, K" uniqKey="Walsh K">K Walsh</name></author><author><name sortKey="O Brien Simpson, N" uniqKey="O Brien Simpson N">N O'Brien-Simpson</name></author><author><name sortKey="Reynolds, E" uniqKey="Reynolds E">E Reynolds</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Thumbigere Math, V" uniqKey="Thumbigere Math V">V Thumbigere-Math</name></author><author><name sortKey="Michalowicz, Bs" uniqKey="Michalowicz B">BS Michalowicz</name></author><author><name sortKey="Hodges, Js" uniqKey="Hodges J">JS Hodges</name></author><author><name sortKey="Tsai, Ml" uniqKey="Tsai M">ML Tsai</name></author><author><name sortKey="Swenson, Kk" uniqKey="Swenson K">KK Swenson</name></author><author><name sortKey="Rockwell, L" uniqKey="Rockwell L">L Rockwell</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Martin, Dc" uniqKey="Martin D">DC Martin</name></author><author><name sortKey="O Ryan, Fs" uniqKey="O Ryan F">FS O'Ryan</name></author><author><name sortKey="Indresano, At" uniqKey="Indresano A">AT Indresano</name></author><author><name sortKey="Bogdanos, P" uniqKey="Bogdanos P">P Bogdanos</name></author><author><name sortKey="Wang, B" uniqKey="Wang B">B Wang</name></author><author><name sortKey="Hui, Rl" uniqKey="Hui R">RL Hui</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Shabestari, Go" uniqKey="Shabestari G">GO Shabestari</name></author><author><name sortKey="Shayesteh, Ys" uniqKey="Shayesteh Y">YS Shayesteh</name></author><author><name sortKey="Khojasteh, A" uniqKey="Khojasteh A">A Khojasteh</name></author><author><name sortKey="Alikhasi, M" uniqKey="Alikhasi M">M Alikhasi</name></author><author><name sortKey="Moslemi, N" uniqKey="Moslemi N">N Moslemi</name></author><author><name sortKey="Aminian, A" uniqKey="Aminian A">A Aminian</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Zahid, Tm" uniqKey="Zahid T">TM Zahid</name></author><author><name sortKey="Wang, By" uniqKey="Wang B">BY Wang</name></author><author><name sortKey="Cohen, Re" uniqKey="Cohen R">RE Cohen</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Memon, S" uniqKey="Memon S">S Memon</name></author><author><name sortKey="Weltman, Rl" uniqKey="Weltman R">RL Weltman</name></author><author><name sortKey="Katancik, Ja" uniqKey="Katancik J">JA Katancik</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Yip, Jk" uniqKey="Yip J">JK Yip</name></author><author><name sortKey="Borrell, Ln" uniqKey="Borrell L">LN Borrell</name></author><author><name sortKey="Cho, Sc" uniqKey="Cho S">SC Cho</name></author><author><name sortKey="Francisco, H" uniqKey="Francisco H">H Francisco</name></author><author><name sortKey="Tarnow, Dp" uniqKey="Tarnow D">DP Tarnow</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Lopez Jornet, P" uniqKey="Lopez Jornet P">P Lopez-Jornet</name></author><author><name sortKey="Camacho Alonso, F" uniqKey="Camacho Alonso F">F Camacho-Alonso</name></author><author><name sortKey="Martinez Canovas, A" uniqKey="Martinez Canovas A">A Martinez-Canovas</name></author><author><name sortKey="Molina Minano, F" uniqKey="Molina Minano F">F Molina-Minano</name></author><author><name sortKey="Gomez Garcia, F" uniqKey="Gomez Garcia F">F Gomez-Garcia</name></author><author><name sortKey="Vicente Ortega, V" uniqKey="Vicente Ortega V">V Vicente-Ortega</name></author></analytic></biblStruct></listBibl></div1></back></TEI><pmc article-type="review-article"><pmc-dir>properties open_access</pmc-dir>
<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Int J Implant Dent</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">Int J Implant Dent</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title>International Journal of Implant Dentistry</journal-title></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">2198-4034</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Springer Berlin Heidelberg</publisher-name><publisher-loc>Berlin/Heidelberg</publisher-loc></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">27747701</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="pmc">5005701</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">41</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1186/s40729-016-0041-7</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Review</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Dental implants in patients treated with antiresorptive medication – a systematic literature review</article-title></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name><surname>Walter</surname><given-names>Christian</given-names></name><address><phone>0049 (0) 6131 17 3050</phone><email>walter@mkg.klinik.uni-mainz.de</email></address><xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff1">1</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Al-Nawas</surname><given-names>Bilal</given-names></name><address><email>al-nawas@mkg.klinik.uni-mainz.de</email></address><xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff1">1</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Wolff</surname><given-names>Tim</given-names></name><address><email>Wolff.Tim@gmx.de</email></address><xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff2">2</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Schiegnitz</surname><given-names>Eik</given-names></name><address><email>Schiegnitz@mkg.klinik.uni-mainz.de</email></address><xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff1">1</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Grötz</surname><given-names>Knut A.</given-names></name><address><email>groetz@emaileins.de</email></address><xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff2">2</xref></contrib><aff id="Aff1"><label>1</label>Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery – Plastic Surgery of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Augustusplatz 2, 55131 Mainz, Germany</aff><aff id="Aff2"><label>2</label>Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery of the Dr. Horst Schmidt Clinic, Ludwig-Erhard-Str. 100, 65199 Wiesbaden, Germany</aff></contrib-group><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>4</day><month>4</month><year>2016</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="pmc-release"><day>4</day><month>4</month><year>2016</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="collection"><month>12</month><year>2016</year></pub-date><volume>2</volume><issue>1</issue><elocation-id>9</elocation-id><history><date date-type="received"><day>26</day><month>9</month><year>2015</year></date><date date-type="accepted"><day>23</day><month>3</month><year>2016</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement>© Walter et al. 2016</copyright-statement><license license-type="OpenAccess"><license-p><bold>Open Access</bold>This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</ext-link>), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made.</license-p></license></permissions><abstract id="Abs1"><sec><title>Objective</title><p>Bisphosphonate-associated osteonecrosis of the jaws (BP-ONJ) is triggered by inflammatory processes. Typical trigger factors are periodontal disease, denture pressure sores, and surgical interventions such as tooth extractions. Unfortunately there is only little data on how to proceed with implant therapy in patients with bisphosphonate treatment. This topic is not addressed in the German guidelines on medication-associated osteonecrosis. Therefore a systematic literature review was performed.</p></sec><sec><title>Methods</title><p>The PICO design was used: (Patients) For which subclientel of patients with antiresorptive therapy (intervention) do dental implants have a benefit (control) compared to forgoing dental implants (outcome) in regards to oral rehabilitation and quality of life without having a substantial risk of BP-ONJ development? A PubMed search was performed including all studies dealing with this topic. Case reports and studies with less than 5 cases were excluded.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>There is only very little data available, mostly retrospective case series. 50 articles were analyzed in detail. BP-ONJ can be triggered by dental implants and by dentures in patients with benign and malignant primary diseases. In most studies, analyzing osteoporosis patients only, no cases of BP-ONJ were observed in patients with implant therapy in the time span observed. There are no studies about implant therapy in patients with malignant diseases. Many case series analyzing the trigger factors for BP-ONJ describe dentures as one of the main causes. Perioperative antimicrobial prophylaxis has a benefit in the prevention of BP-ONJ development.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Successful implant therapy is possible in patients receiving antiresorptive therapy. The possibility of osteonecrosis development needs to be explained to the patient. An individual risk assessment is essential, taking the primary disease with the medication and further wound-healing-compromising diseases and medications into account. If possible, bone augmentations should be avoided, and a perioperative antimicrobiological prophylaxis is strongly recommended in these patients.</p></sec></abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><title>Keywords</title><kwd>Bisphosphonate associated osteonecrosis of the jaws</kwd><kwd>Bisphosphonate</kwd><kwd>Dental implant</kwd><kwd>Denture</kwd><kwd>Augmentation</kwd><kwd>Sinus lift</kwd><kwd>Antibiotics</kwd><kwd>Quality of life</kwd></kwd-group><custom-meta-group><custom-meta><meta-name>issue-copyright-statement</meta-name><meta-value>© The Author(s) 2016</meta-value></custom-meta></custom-meta-group></article-meta></front><body><sec id="Sec1"><title>Introduction</title><p>Bisphosphonate-associated osteonecrosis of the jaws (BP-ONJ) is a well-known side effect in patients receiving bisphosphonates (BP) due to e.g. osteoporosis, multiple myeloma or malignant diseases with metastases to the bone; prevalences range between 0.1% for patients with primary osteoporosis to 1% in patients with secondary osteoporosis and up to about 20% for special high risk subpopulations of patients with a malignant disease and further predisposing factors [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR1">1</xref>, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR2">2</xref>]. In addition to general risk factors such as the primary disease implicating the antiresorptive therapy, the antiresorptive therapy itself, concomitant diseases and medications and other influencing systemic factors usually a further factor triggering the development of BP-ONJ can be identified such as periodontal disease, extractions, denture pressure sores, or implant insertion [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR3">3</xref>, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR4">4</xref>]. Usually BP-ONJ occurs in patients of higher ages (69 years ±10 years [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR3">3</xref>]) due to the primary disease causing the BP therapy so that it is not unusual that these patients seek the dentist for oral rehabilitation where implant therapy and bone augmentation for optimal implant positioning might be considered to substitute lost teeth.</p><p>There are guidelines describing BP treatment as a contraindication for implant therapy in patients with an oncologic primary disease [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR5">5</xref>, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR6">6</xref>] that say implant insertion should be avoided [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR7">7</xref>, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR8">8</xref>]. On the other hand, there are studies describing the safety of dental implant surgery in patients with oral BP and osteoporosis with no occurring BP-ONJ cases [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR5">5</xref>]. However, there are cases of successful implant insertion in patients with malignant primary diseases and cases of BP-ONJ in patients with osteoporosis [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR9">9</xref>, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR10">10</xref>]. Reviews mention that there are only very few retrospective studies with moderate strength of evidence addressing this topic [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR11">11</xref>] so that no final recommendation can be given [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR12">12</xref>]. Oral and intravenous BP are not seen as absolute contraindications for dental implant therapy and that dental implants can osseointegrate successfully. It is recommended to do a risk assessment and to inform the patient about the potential risk of BP-ONJ development [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR11">11</xref>–<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR13">13</xref>].</p><p>A similar scenario is well known in patients with radiation of the jaws. Initially, radiation therapy was seen as a contraindication for implant insertion [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR14">14</xref>] because of osteoradionecrosis. In Germany meanwhile, implants are covered by the health insurance by law in some of these patients (§28 SGB V Sozialgesetzbuch). Due to xerostomia sufficient fixation of a denture is rather complicated, and implants can improve the situation and might reduce the incidence of osteoradionecrosis by avoiding pressure denture sores that could result in exposed bone and eventually osteoradionecrosis.</p><p>This development could be transferred to patients with antiresorptive treatment (bisphosphonates, denosumab) since implants might reduce the incidence of BP-ONJ due to the lack of denture pressure sores in these patients. As well, denture pressure sores have been described by many authors as the triggering factor for BP-ONJ [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR15">15</xref>].</p><p>The German guidelines on bisphosphonate- and medication-associated osteonecrosis of the jaws state that there might be a limitation in the indication of implant insertion in these patients, but the implant-based oral rehabilitation was not a part of these guidelines [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR1">1</xref>]. To address this deficit in the literature, the rationale of this literature review was to find out which patients with antiresorptive therapy (BP, denosumab) benefit from dental implants without being exposed to an unreasonable high risk of osteonecrosis development.</p></sec><sec id="Sec2"><title>Review</title><sec id="Sec3"><title>Methods</title><p>A systematic review was performed in accordance with the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses protocols (PRISMA-P),</p><sec id="Sec4"><title>Focused question</title><p>The review was performed using the PICO design.<list list-type="bullet"><list-item><p>Patients: For which subclientel of patients with antiresorptive therapy</p></list-item><list-item><p>Intervention: do dental implants have a benefit</p></list-item><list-item><p>Control: compared to forgoing dental implants</p></list-item><list-item><p>Outcome: in regards to oral rehabilitation and quality of life without having a substantial risk of BP-ONJ development.</p></list-item></list></p></sec><sec id="Sec5"><title>Search strategy</title><p>In June 2015, a PubMed search was performed by TW looking for all available articles; no limitation on the publication date was imposed. The search was modified by CW, BA, ES and KAG so that 24 more articles were identified.</p><p>To address the topics, the search terms bisphosphonate and denosumab were used in combination with the following search terms: osteonecrosis, jaw, dental implants, periimplantitis, denture, augmentation, sinus lift, antibiotics, xerostomia, CTX, medication time, masticatory efficiency, tmj disorder, prevention, oral health related quality of life [NOT oral cavity cancer], prognosis dental implant, persisting alveolar socket, sharp bone edges [NOT children NOT osteogenesis imperfecta, ossification [NOT children NOT osteogenesis imperfecta], bone remodeling, and post extraction [NOT children NOT osteogenesis imperfecta]. 17 articles were added due to the manual search (Table <xref rid="Tab1" ref-type="table">1</xref> and Fig. <xref rid="Fig1" ref-type="fig">1</xref>).<table-wrap id="Tab1"><label>Table 1</label><caption><p>PubMed literature search with the total number of hits for each topic and the number of included articles for each topic. For each topic the search terms (ST) are given</p></caption><table frame="hsides" rules="groups"><thead><tr valign="top"><th>Topic</th><th>Identified (<italic>n</italic>)</th><th>Included (<italic>n</italic>)</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr valign="top"><td colspan="3">Outcome osteonecrosis risk. ST (bisphosphonate OR denosumab) AND osteonecrosis jaw AND</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td> Dental implant OR periimplantitis</td><td>105</td><td>18</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td> Denture</td><td>49</td><td>12</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td> Jaw augmentation OR sinus lift</td><td>7</td><td>0</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td> Antibiotics AND dental implant</td><td>16</td><td>0</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td> Xerostomia</td><td>4</td><td>0</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td> CTX</td><td>35</td><td>0</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td> Medication time</td><td>16</td><td>0</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td colspan="3">Outcome mastification. ST</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td> Masticatory efficiency AND dental implant</td><td>61</td><td>0</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td> TMJ disorder AND dental implant AND prevention</td><td>10</td><td>0</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td colspan="3">Outcome quality of life. ST (bisphosphonate OR denosumab) AND</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td> Quality of life AND dental implant</td><td>5</td><td>1</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td> Oral health related quality of life AND dental implant</td><td>1</td><td>0</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td colspan="3">Outcome prognosis remaining dentition. ST (bisphosphonate OR denosumab) AND</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td> Prognosis remaining dentition AND dental implant</td><td>0</td><td>0</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td colspan="3">Outcome prognosis future implants. ST (bisphosphonate OR denosumab) AND</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td> Dental implant AND prognosis</td><td>16</td><td>0</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td> Persisting alveolar socket</td><td>2</td><td>2</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td> Sharp bone edges AND jaw NOT children NOT osteogenesis imperfecta</td><td>2</td><td>0</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td> Ossification AND jaw NOT children NOT osteogenesis imperfecta</td><td>66</td><td>0</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td> Bone remodeling AND post extraction AND jaw NOT children NOT osteogenesis imperfecta</td><td>7</td><td></td></tr><tr valign="top"><td> Radiologic changes AND jaw NOT children NOT ostegenesis imperfect AND dental implant</td><td>1</td><td>0</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td>Hand search</td><td></td><td>17</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td>Total</td><td>403</td><td>50</td></tr></tbody></table></table-wrap><fig id="Fig1"><label>Fig. 1</label><caption><p>Flow diagram of literature search and selection</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="40729_2016_41_Fig1_HTML" id="MO1"></graphic></fig></p></sec><sec id="Sec6"><title>Study inclusion and exclusion criteria</title><p>Inclusion criteria were:</p><p>Prospective (randomized controlled, non-randomized controlled, cohort) and retrospective studies (controlled, case control, single cohort) and case series dealing with dental implants in patients with antiresorptive therapy. Studies that had less than five patients or cases were excluded as well as studies whose cases lacked data or were not clearly defined. The studies had to be published in either English or German.</p><p>Studies that did not meet the inclusion criteria were excluded.</p><p>In the first step, the titles and abstracts were screened for eligibility. In the second step, all full-articles were evaluated.</p></sec><sec id="Sec7"><title>Quality assessment of selected studies</title><p>Due to the available data, an explicit quality assessment was not performed.</p></sec><sec id="Sec8"><title>Data extraction and method of analysis</title><p>A table was generated and used to collect the relevant information.</p></sec></sec></sec><sec id="Sec9"><title>Results</title><p>Out of 606 articles 556 articles were excluded because they were either duplicates, case reports, narrative reviews, case series with less than 5 cases or were not associated with the topic at all (Table <xref rid="Tab1" ref-type="table">1</xref> and Fig. <xref rid="Fig1" ref-type="fig">1</xref>). Some of the articles analyzed more than one outcome and are referred to several times. Since the available literature is very inhomogeneous with a low level of evidence a statistical analysis was not performed and the following results are descriptive only.</p><sec id="Sec10"><title>Dental implants/periimplantitis</title><p>The literature dealing with this topic can roughly be separated into three groups:<list list-type="alpha-lower"><list-item><p>BP-ONJ case series exclusively triggered by implants in patients with malignant and benign diseases [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR9">9</xref>, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR10">10</xref>, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR16">16</xref>–<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR19">19</xref>],</p></list-item><list-item><p>BP-ONJ case series analyzing case series of BP-ONJ of which varying amounts are caused by implants in part among patients with malignant and benign diseases [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR20">20</xref>–<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR23">23</xref>] and</p></list-item><list-item><p>implant studies performed exclusively in patients with benign diseases, mostly osteoporosis [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR24">24</xref>–<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR31">31</xref>]. In very few of these studies, the primary disease was not given, but the prescribed bisphosphonates strongly suggest osteoporosis as the primary disease (see Table <xref rid="Tab2" ref-type="table">2</xref>).</p></list-item></list><table-wrap id="Tab2"><label>Table 2</label><caption><p>Included literature</p></caption><table frame="hsides" rules="groups"><tbody><tr valign="top"><td colspan="11">Implant</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td rowspan="2">Author Year Reference</td><td rowspan="2">Study type</td><td rowspan="2">Patients</td><td rowspan="2">Primary disease in BP patients (n)</td><td rowspan="2">BP BP-Th (years min- max)</td><td rowspan="2">BP-ONJ cases due to implants</td><td rowspan="2">Implants (n)</td><td colspan="3">Implant insertion in all patients (patients [n]) Point of time</td><td rowspan="2">Comment</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td>before BP therapy</td><td>during BP therapy</td><td>after BP therapy</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td> Al-Sabbagh 2015 [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR24">24</xref>]</td><td>RS CS</td><td>203 patients with 515 implants; 20 out of those patients with osteoporosis and oral BP</td><td>Osteoporosis 20</td><td>Oral BP > 3</td><td>0</td><td>46</td><td>n.s.</td><td>n.s.</td><td>n.s.</td><td>All patients with implant therapy from 08/2000 until 05/2004 were contacted and data was collected by interview (in person/per telephone). 203 patients with 515 implants; in 20 patients (46 implants) with osteoporosis and oral BP no ONJ occurred no implant was lost. There is no data regarding the implant success in the patients without osteoporosis.</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td> Nisi 2015 [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR20">20</xref>]</td><td>RS CS</td><td>90 patients with established ONJ some of them with implants</td><td>Malignoma 90</td><td>Z n.s.</td><td>9</td><td>n.s.</td><td>n.s.</td><td>n.s.</td><td>n.s.</td><td>All patients with BP-ONJ from 01/2004 until 12/2015 were retrospectively analyzed. 78% had an additional radiation. It is not clear if the head and neck region was affected and if the implant patients were affected. The study describes the cumulative BP dose, smoking, steroid intake and the maxillary location as risk factors for an increases BP-ONJ stage.</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td> Holzinger 2014 [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR9">9</xref>]</td><td>RS CS</td><td>13 patients with established ONJ due to dental implants</td><td>Osteoporosis 5<break></break>breast cancer 3<break></break>lung cancer 1<break></break>Langerhans cell<break></break>histiocytosis 1</td><td>Z A P I-<break></break>0.5 – 9<break></break>0 – 15.6</td><td>13</td><td>47</td><td>3</td><td>7</td><td>3</td><td>All patients with BP-ONJ from 04/2004 – 07/2012 were analyzed. Among those were 13 patients (47 implants) with implants as a trigger. 30 implants had to be removed.<break></break>It takes longer for BP-ONJ development if implants are placed during or after BP treatment compared to implants being inserted before BP treatment.</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td> Lopez-Cedrun 2013 [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR10">10</xref>]</td><td>RS CS</td><td>9 Patients with established ONJ due to dental implants</td><td>Osteoporosis Polymyalgia rheumatica</td><td>A I R<break></break>0.5 - 10</td><td>9</td><td>57</td><td>-</td><td>9</td><td>-</td><td>Retrospective multicenter study analyzing all patients with BP-ONJ due to dental implants from 01/2009 – 06/2012.<break></break>The authors state that the ONJ was more common in the mandible (8/9) and more often in the premolar and molar region.<break></break>28 implants maxilla → 1 BP-ONJ<break></break>29 implants mandible →8 BP-ONJ</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td> Tam 2013 [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR16">16</xref>]</td><td>RS CS</td><td>6 patients with established BP-ONJ due to dental implants</td><td>Osteoporosis 4 breast cancer 1 multiple myeloma 1</td><td>A Z<break></break>1.5-6</td><td>6</td><td></td><td>-</td><td>6</td><td>-</td><td>All patients with BP-ONJ due to dental implants from 2009 – 2011 were analyzed; 3 patients with BP-ONJ in the posterior maxilla 3 patients with BP-ONJ in the mandible (2 distal, 1 anterior)</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td> Kwon 2014 [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR17">17</xref>]</td><td>RS CS</td><td>19 patients with established BP-ONJ due to dental implants</td><td>Osteoporosis 18 multiple myeloma 1</td><td>A I P R Z 1 - 5</td><td>19</td><td>n.s.</td><td>3</td><td>16</td><td>-</td><td>All patients with BP-ONJ due to dental implants from 06/2008 – 12/2011 were analyzed. 8 patients with BP-ONJ in the maxilla, 9 patients with BP-ONJ in the mandible, 2 patients with BP-ONJ in mandible and maxilla</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td> Jacobsen 2013 [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR18">18</xref>]</td><td>RS CS</td><td>14 patients with established BP-ONJ due to dental implants</td><td>Osteoporosis 5<break></break>Breast cancer 5<break></break>multiple myeloma 2<break></break>prostate cancer 1<break></break>lung cancer 1</td><td>A I P Z<break></break>Average BP duration<break></break>3.2 osteoporosis; 4.2 malignant disease</td><td>14</td><td>n.s.</td><td>n.s.</td><td>n.s.</td><td>n.s.</td><td>The authors state that implants placed posterior are of higher risk than implants in the anterior region.<break></break>4 patients had implants in the posterior maxilla, 5 in the posterior mandible and 3 in the anterior mandible.<break></break>In one patient implants were removed and new implants were inserted at the same site with continuing problems.<break></break>In one patient a sinus lift was performed</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td> Famili 2011 [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR25">25</xref>]</td><td>RS CS</td><td>211 female patients with 592 dental implants, out of those 120 older than 50 y with 347 implants out of those 22 with BP and 75 implants</td><td>Osteoporosis 21 osteoarthritis 1</td><td>A I<break></break><1 - > 5</td><td>0</td><td>75</td><td>n.s.</td><td>At least 20</td><td>n.s.</td><td>All female patients with implant therapy from 01/2008 – 06/2010 were analyzed. Among those 22 with oral BP therapy.<break></break>One implant did not heal and was successfully replaced</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td> Kwon 2011 [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR21">21</xref>]</td><td>RS CCS but not focused on dental implants<break></break>→ RS CS</td><td>Biochemical bone markers were evaluated in 23 osteoporosis patients with established BP-ONJ</td><td>Osteoporosis</td><td>A<break></break>2.5 - 5</td><td>2</td><td>n.s.</td><td>n.s.</td><td>n.s.</td><td>n.s.</td><td>It is not clear, when and how the 23 BP-ONJ patients were recruited. 61 BP control patients.<break></break>2 patients developed BP-ONJ due to implants<break></break>CTX was evaluated at the time of ONJ diagnosis and not at the time point of any possible BP-ONJ triggering intervention.</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td> Koka 2010 [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR22">22</xref>]</td><td>RS CS</td><td>370 patients over 50 years old with 818 implants. 233 patients could not be reached so that the phone interview was conducted with remaining 137 patients: 55 BP patients and 82 non-BP patients</td><td>Osteoporosis</td><td>A & n.s.<break></break><3 - > 5</td><td>0</td><td>121</td><td>-</td><td>55</td><td>-</td><td>All patients from 11/2006 – 05/2009 that had not denied access to data for research purposes. None of the BP patients had a drug holiday. 121 implants were inserted, one did not survive.<break></break>The patients were not examined only a phone interview was conducted.<break></break>The control group consisted of 82 non-BP users with 166 implants (163 survived, 2 losses in 1 patient). 233 patients could not be reached by phone and were excluded.</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td> Lazarovici 2010 [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR19">19</xref>]</td><td>RS CS</td><td>27 patients with established ONJ due to dental implants</td><td>Osteoporosis 11<break></break>multiple myeloma 7<break></break>breast cancer 7<break></break>prostate cancer 2</td><td>A P Z<break></break>average BP duration<break></break>A 5.7<break></break>Z 1.4<break></break>P 4.2</td><td>27</td><td>n.s.</td><td>2</td><td>25</td><td>-</td><td>All patients from 04/2003 – 01/2009 with BP-ONJ and dental implants. 15 patients had implants in the posterior mandible, 5 in the anterior mandible, 4 in the posterior maxilla, 3 in the anterior maxilla</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td> Goss 2010 [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR26">26</xref>]</td><td>RS CS</td><td>Questionnaire to 46 dentists placing either > 50 implants/y or treat BP-ONJ in South Australia</td><td>Osteoporosis in the 7 patients with implant loss</td><td>A R in the 7 patients with implant loss</td><td>7</td><td>≥9</td><td>4</td><td>3</td><td>-</td><td>46 dentists placed approximately 28,000 implants in 16,000 patients. There is no number given how many patients received BP. 7 implants were lost in patients with BP</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td> Lo 2009 [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR27">27</xref>]</td><td>RS CS questionnaire</td><td>Questionnaire to 13,496 patients with oral BP therapy, 8,572 answered, 2,159 reported dental symptoms, 1005 were examined, 9 BP-ONJ</td><td>n.s.</td><td>A I R<break></break>≥1</td><td>1</td><td>n.s.</td><td>n.s.</td><td>n.s.</td><td>n.s.</td><td>13,946 questionnaires were sent, 5,374 did not participate, 9 ONJ were identified and 1 was associated with an implant loss and a tooth extraction. The bisphosphonates had been administered before implant insertion</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td> Bell 2008 [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR28">28</xref>]</td><td>RS CS</td><td>42 patients with BP therapy and oral bone grafting or implant placement</td><td>n.s.</td><td>A R I</td><td>0</td><td>100 or 101 both numbers are given in the paper</td><td>-</td><td>42</td><td>-</td><td>All patients from ??/1990 - ??/???? (paper published in 2008) with BP treatment prior to implant therapy were analyzed. 5 implants failed, no patient with more the 1 implant loss, all implants successfully replaced.<break></break>30 patients received an additional bone augmentation (socket graft, sinus lift, closed sinus lift, guided tissue regeneration, or tunnel graft).</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td> Grant 2008 [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR29">29</xref>]</td><td>RS CS</td><td>Questionnaire to all 1,319 female patients over 40 y and with implants,<break></break>458 patients responded,<break></break>115 out of those had oral BP,<break></break>72 patients came to a follow-up</td><td>n.s.</td><td>A I R <break></break>Mean 3.2</td><td>0</td><td>456 in the 115 patients</td><td>26<break></break>out of the 115</td><td>89<break></break>out of the 115</td><td>-</td><td>All 1,319 patients over 40 y of age with implant therapy between 01/1998 – 12/2006 were contacted.</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td> Fugazotto<break></break>2007<break></break>[<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR30">30</xref>]</td><td>RS CS</td><td>61 patients out of two private practices with oral BP</td><td>n.s.</td><td>A R <break></break>Mean 3.3</td><td>0</td><td>169</td><td>-</td><td>61</td><td>-</td><td>All 61 patients with oral bisphosphonates with implant therapy between 01/2005 – 12/2005 were analyzed. 43 immediate implants<break></break>1 Pat had exposed bone at a different location that was treated by debridement. At the next control there was granulated soft tissue.</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td> Jeffcoat 2006 [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR31">31</xref>]</td><td>PS</td><td>50 patients with 210 implants<break></break>25 patients with oral BP 102 implants<break></break>25 patients without BP 108 implants</td><td>Osteoporosis 25</td><td>A R<break></break>1 - 4</td><td>0</td><td>102</td><td>-</td><td>102</td><td>-</td><td>Longitudinal single-blind controlled study<break></break>Two-stage osseointegrated implants in all patients,<break></break>no BP-ONJ</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td> Marx 2005 [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR23">23</xref>]</td><td>RS CS</td><td>119 patients with BP-ONJ</td><td>n.s. for the patients with implants</td><td>n.s. for the patients with implants,<break></break>in 1 case Z & P</td><td>4</td><td>n.s.</td><td>n.s.</td><td>n.s.</td><td>n.s.</td><td>RS with 119 ONJ patients, 4 due to dental implants</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td colspan="11">Denture</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td colspan="2">Author Year Reference</td><td>Study type</td><td>Patients</td><td colspan="2">Primary Disease in BP-ONJ</td><td colspan="2">BP/Denosumab</td><td>BP-ONJ Cases</td><td colspan="2">Comment</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td colspan="2"> Nibbe 2015 [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR15">15</xref>]</td><td>RS</td><td>424 patients with oral/IV BP or denosumab.<break></break>128 patients with IV BP or denosumab - further investigation of this group<break></break>68 patients with dentures</td><td colspan="2">n.s. in all cases</td><td colspan="2">Oral/IV BP<break></break>Denosumab</td><td>16</td><td colspan="2">424 patients with oral or IV BP were analyzed, 21 BP-ONJ, only IV BP patients for further analysis<break></break>34 removable dentures → 11 BP-ONJ<break></break>34 fixed partial denture → 5 BP-ONJ<break></break>60 patients without denture → 5 BP-ONJ<break></break>ONJ only in patients with IV BP or denosumab</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td colspan="2"> Hasegawa 2012 [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR43">43</xref>]</td><td>RS</td><td>Questionnaire was sent to 248 medical institutions regarding BP-ONJ<break></break>250 patients<break></break>99 with dentures<break></break>151 without dentures</td><td colspan="2">n.s.</td><td colspan="2">Oral/IV BP</td><td>99</td><td colspan="2">151 osteonecrosis patients without denture had a longer osteonecrosis free time.<break></break>Most ONJ in the mandible with a focus on the premolar and molar region<break></break>154 patients with IV BP, 102 with oral BP, 7 both</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td colspan="2"> Jabbour 2012 [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR35">35</xref>]</td><td>RS</td><td>14 patients with BP-ONJ<break></break>4 due to dentures</td><td colspan="2">Osteoporosis 2<break></break>kidney cancer 1<break></break>breast cancer 1</td><td colspan="2">A P</td><td>4</td><td colspan="2">RS analyzing the reason for osteonecroses</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td colspan="2"> Vahtsevanos 2009 [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR39">39</xref>]</td><td>RS</td><td>1,621 patients with IV BP</td><td colspan="2">n.s.</td><td colspan="2">n.s. for the denture patients</td><td>24</td><td colspan="2">24 out of 80 BP-ONJ patients denture as triggering factor diseases and BP for the patients with dentures n.s. I P Z were used as BP in the BP-ONJ patients.</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td colspan="2"> Kos 2010 [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR36">36</xref>]</td><td>RS</td><td>34 patients with BP-ONJ</td><td colspan="2">n.s.</td><td colspan="2">n.s. for denture patients</td><td>3</td><td colspan="2">34 patients with osteonecrosis. A I P R Z were used as BP it is not clear what the patients with the dentures received and which primary disease was present.<break></break>BP-therapy for all patients 0.3 – 8 y</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td colspan="2"> Carmagnola 2008 [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR34">34</xref>]</td><td>RS</td><td>39 oncologic patients with BP</td><td colspan="2">Multiple myeloma 2<break></break>breast cancer 3<break></break>prostate cancer 1<break></break>kidney cancer 1</td><td colspan="2">P Z</td><td>7</td><td colspan="2">7 out of 20 BP-ONJ patients had an osteonecrosis due to denture pressure sores<break></break>BP given for 1.1 – 6.8 y</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td colspan="2"> Walter 2008 [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR40">40</xref>]</td><td>CSS</td><td>43 patients with prostate cancer out of those 21 patients with denture out of those 6 with ONJ</td><td colspan="2">Prostate cancer</td><td colspan="2">Z</td><td>1</td><td colspan="2">1 denture induced ONJ</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td colspan="2"> Kyrigidis 2008 [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR38">38</xref>]</td><td>CCS</td><td>20 breast cancer patients 40 matched controls</td><td colspan="2">Breast Cancer</td><td colspan="2">Z</td><td>8</td><td colspan="2">20 patients with breast cancer and osteonecrosis, 8 with dentures use of dentures associated with BP-ONJ</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td colspan="2"> Kumar 2008 [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR37">37</xref>]</td><td>RS CS</td><td>13 patients with BP-ONJ</td><td colspan="2">Osteoporosis 4<break></break>breast cancer 1<break></break>multiple myeloma 1</td><td colspan="2">A Z</td><td>6</td><td colspan="2">6 out of 13 patients denture as the trigger factor</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td colspan="2"> Yarom 2007 [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR42">42</xref>]</td><td>RS CS</td><td>11 patients with BP-ONJ</td><td colspan="2">Osteoporosis</td><td colspan="2">A</td><td>2</td><td colspan="2">2 out of 11 BP-ONJ triggered by denture Alendorante was given for 2 and 6 y<break></break>2 patients (1 osteoporosis, 1 rheumtoid arthritis) had an implant related BP-ONJ in the posterior mandible, BP was given for 5 and 7 years</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td colspan="2"> Walter 2007 [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR41">41</xref>]</td><td>RS CS</td><td>163 patients with an osteonecrosis, 17 BP-ONJ</td><td colspan="2">Multiple Myeloma</td><td colspan="2">P</td><td>1</td><td colspan="2">1 BP-ONJ due to a denture pressure sore in the mandible<break></break>P was given for 5 y</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td colspan="2"> Bamias 2005 [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR33">33</xref>]</td><td>PS</td><td>252 patients with BP<break></break>17 with BP-ONJ</td><td colspan="2">Multiple Myeloma</td><td colspan="2">n.s.</td><td>2</td><td colspan="2">2 BP-ONJ due to a denture pressure sore<break></break>I P Z for all 252 patients</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td colspan="11">Quality of life</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td colspan="2">Author Year Reference</td><td colspan="4">Patients</td><td colspan="5">Comment</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td colspan="2"> DeBaz 2015 [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR44">44</xref>]</td><td colspan="4">524 patients asked to fill out the survey<break></break>237 completed survey<break></break>3 groups:<break></break>64 dental implant supported prosthesis<break></break>47 non-implant supported fixed restoration<break></break>60 non-implant supported removable restoration<break></break>66 no restoration of missing teeth</td><td colspan="5">The quality of life assessment:<break></break>occupational score<break></break>health score<break></break>emotional score<break></break>sexual score<break></break>The patients dental implant supported prosthesis had the overall best score regarding quality of life compard to the other groups<break></break>In total 134 patients reported oral BP, 51 IV BP, 10 patients denosumab<break></break>In the implant group 35 patients received oral BP, 12 IV BP, 3 denosumab<break></break>no ONJ</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td colspan="11">Persisting alveolar socket</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td colspan="2">Author Year Reference</td><td>Study type</td><td colspan="3">Patients</td><td colspan="5">Comment</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td colspan="2"> Hutchinson 2010 [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR46">46</xref>]</td><td>CSS</td><td colspan="3">10 patients with stage 0 BP-ONJ</td><td colspan="5">Consistent findings of regional or diffuse osteosclerosis, density confluence of cortical and cancellous bone, prominence of the inferior alveolar nerve canal, thickened sclerotic lamina dura, periradicular radiolucencies, cortical disruption, and persisting alveolar sockets.</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td colspan="2"> Grötz 2006 [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR45">45</xref>]</td><td>RS CS</td><td colspan="3">42 patients with BP-ONJ</td><td colspan="5">Consistent findings of persisting alveolar sockets.</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td colspan="11">Hand search</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td colspan="2">Author Year Reference</td><td>Study type</td><td colspan="3">Patients</td><td colspan="5">Comment</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td colspan="2"> Grötz 2012 [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR1">1</xref>]</td><td colspan="4">Guideline</td><td colspan="5">German guidelines on bisphosphonate-associated osteonecrosis of the jaws (BP-ONJ) and other medication-related necroses of the jaw</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td colspan="2"> Grötz [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR52">52</xref>]</td><td colspan="4"></td><td colspan="5">Description on many important aspects on implant surgery in bisphosphonate patients or patients with other resorptive medications.</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td colspan="2"> Grötz 2013 [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR53">53</xref>]</td><td colspan="4">Review</td><td colspan="5">The authors state the necessity for an individual risk assessment. The evaluation of dentures vs. implants. It is suggested to not place immediate implants in patients with antiresorptive therapy, atraumatic surgery with perioperative antibiotics, the necessity of a recall and the avoidance of bone augmentations</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td colspan="2"> Grötz 2010 [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR54">54</xref>]</td><td colspan="4">Review</td><td colspan="5">The authors provide an algorithm how to proceed with patients receiving BP seeking implant therapy.<break></break>The authors state the necessity for an individual risk assessment and avoidance of bone augmentations</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td colspan="2"> Krimmel 2014 [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR55">55</xref>]</td><td>RS</td><td colspan="3">50 patients with BP-ONJ</td><td colspan="5">DMFT of all patients 20.5 ± 4.2<break></break>disease free interval for patients with DMFT < 20: 39.7 ± 1.1 months<break></break>disease free interval for patients with DMFT > 20: 14.4 ± 2.8 months<break></break>The DMFT had no influence on the overall healing rate of BP-ONJ</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td colspan="2"> Tsao 2013 [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR56">56</xref>]</td><td>CCS</td><td colspan="3">63 patients<break></break>22 BP-ONJ patients<break></break>41 matched controls</td><td colspan="5">Caries similar between groups<break></break>Periodontal disease associated with BP-ONJ (pocket depth, IgG serum titer against Porphyromonas gingivalis, IL 1ß level in gingival cervical fluid)</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td colspan="2"> Thumbigere-Math 2013 [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR57">57</xref>]</td><td>CCS</td><td colspan="3">73 patients<break></break>25 BP-ONJ patients <break></break>48 matched controls</td><td colspan="5">BP infusions BP-ONJ 38.4 and control 18.8<break></break>BP-ONJ vs control:<break></break>missing teeth: 7.8 vs 3.1<break></break>clinical attachment level: 2.18 vs 1.56<break></break>radiogic bone loss at teeth > 50%: 20% vs. 6%</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td colspan="2"> Martin 2010 [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR58">58</xref>]</td><td>CSS</td><td colspan="3">8,752 patients with oral BP returned dental survey (62% response rate)<break></break>589 patients with dental implants</td><td colspan="5">16 patients with 26 implant failures<break></break>8 patients with failure of 12 implants in the maxilla<break></break>9 had failure with 14 implants in the mandible</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td colspan="2"> Shabestari 2009 [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR59">59</xref>]</td><td>RS</td><td colspan="3">21 female osteoporotic women with oral BP and 46 implants</td><td colspan="5">No BP-ONJ, no signs of peri-implantitis</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td colspan="2"> Zahid 2011 [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR60">60</xref>]</td><td>RS</td><td colspan="3">362 patients with implants<break></break>26 BP patients with 51 implants</td><td colspan="5">3 implants failed<break></break>Patients with BP had more thread exposure</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td colspan="2"> Memon 2012 [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR61">61</xref>]</td><td>RS</td><td colspan="3">200 patients<break></break>BP: 100 women with 153 implants<break></break>control: 100 women with 132 implants</td><td colspan="5">Success equal for both groups 93.5 (BP) vs. 95.5 (control)<break></break>crestal bone change from implant insertion to stage two surgery: no difference between the groups</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td colspan="2"> Yip 2012 [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR62">62</xref>]</td><td>CCS</td><td colspan="3">337 patients <break></break>114 patients with implant failure<break></break>223 patients without implant failure</td><td colspan="5">% of patients using BP<break></break>Implant failure group: 9.65%<break></break>no implant failure: 4.04</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td colspan="2"> Walter 2014 [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR3">3</xref>]</td><td>RS</td><td colspan="3">504 patients with osteonecrosis<break></break>227 with BP-ONJ</td><td colspan="5">7 out of 227 patients with BP-ONJ implant as trigger factor</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td colspan="2"> Lopez-Jornet 2011 [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR63">63</xref>]</td><td>Animal study</td><td colspan="3">120 rats with pamidronate treatment and molar extraction<break></break>60 with penicillin<break></break>60 without penicillin</td><td colspan="5">Osteonecrosis rate<break></break>Penicillin group: 18 → 34.6 %<break></break>no penicillin group: 5 → 9.61%</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td colspan="2"> Montefusco 2008 [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR51">51</xref>]</td><td>RS</td><td colspan="3">178 patients with multiple myeloma und BP treatment<break></break>75 patients with dental procedures<break></break>32 with antibiotics<break></break>43 without antibiotics</td><td colspan="5">ONJ rate<break></break>with antibiotics: 0<break></break>without antibiotics: 8<break></break>Antibiotic prophylaxis can reduce the incidence of BP-ONJ</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td colspan="2"> Kyrgidis 2012 [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR50">50</xref>]</td><td>PS</td><td colspan="3">Group 1: BP-ONJ breast cancer 21<break></break>Group 2: breast cancer 21<break></break>Group 3: oral cancer 22</td><td colspan="5">Quality of life assessment before surgery<break></break>Group 1 is affected in many factors such as pain, swallowing, senses, social eating, social contacts</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td colspan="2"> Boquete-Catro 2015 [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR32">32</xref>]</td><td>Review</td><td colspan="3">Analysis of patients with denosumab associated ONJ</td><td colspan="5">No implant related ONJ reported</td></tr></tbody></table><table-wrap-foot><p>A: Alendronate; CCS: Case control study, CS: Case series; CSS: Cross sectional study; D: Denosumab; I: Ibandronate; LSBCD: Longitudinal single-blind controlled study; n.s.: Not specified; P: Pamidronate; PS: Prospective Study; R: Risedronate; RS: Retrospective study, Z: Zoledronate</p></table-wrap-foot></table-wrap></p><p>In the BP-ONJ case series (a) and (b), the distribution of BP-ONJ patients between malignant and benign diseases is more or less even, e.g. Holzinger describes 13 patients: 5 osteoporosis, 3 breast cancer, 3 multiple myeloma, 1 lung cancer and 1 Langerhans cell histiocytosis patient [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR9">9</xref>]. Lopez-Cedrun exclusively found patients with benign diseases: 8 osteoporosis and 1 polymyalgia rheumatic. Jacobsen found 14 patients: 5 osteoporosis, 5 breast cancer, 2 multiple myeloma, 1 prostate and 1 lung cancer patient.</p><p>However, implant studies (c) were exclusively performed in patients with benign diseases. Nearly all of these studies do not report a single BP-ONJ triggered by the implant insertion.</p><p>A systematic review analyzing the sparse literature on clinical denosumab trials mentioning osteonecroses did not describe dental implants as a trigger [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR32">32</xref>].</p><p>There is no literature describing periimplantitis in these patients.</p></sec><sec id="Sec11"><title>Denture</title><p>The literature dealing with this topic can be separated into two groups:<list list-type="alpha-lower"><list-item><p>BP-ONJ case series for which varying amounts are caused by dentures in patients with malignant and benign diseases [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR2">2</xref>, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR33">33</xref>–<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR42">42</xref>] and</p></list-item><list-item><p>studies performed on BP patients with dentures analyzing the frequency of BP-ONJ [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR15">15</xref>, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR43">43</xref>].</p></list-item></list></p><p>Here as well, no imbalance regarding the dignity of the primary disease could be found. Jabbour describes 2 osteoporosis, 1 kidney and 1 breast cancer patient [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR35">35</xref>]. Kumar found 4 osteoporosis patients, 1 breast cancer patient and 1 patient with multiple myeloma.</p><p>Nibbe [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR15">15</xref>] analyzed 128 patients with IV BP or denosumab separated into 3 groups. In the first group 5 out of 60 patients with no denture had an osteonecrosis (8%), in the 2nd group 5 out of 34 patients with a fixed partial denture had an osteonecrosis 15%, and in the 3rd group 11 out of 34 patients with a removable denture had an osteonecrosis (32%). Kyrgidis determined that dentures increase the risk of BP-ONJ development [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR38">38</xref>].</p></sec><sec id="Sec12"><title>Augmentation/sinus lift/antibiotics/xerostomia/CTX</title><p>There was no literature available meeting the inclusion criteria. There is evidence in the literature that sinus lifts can be successful [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR28">28</xref>] and might contribute to BP-ONJ development [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR18">18</xref>].</p></sec><sec id="Sec13"><title>Outcome masticatory efficiency/TMJ disorder</title><p>There was no literature available meeting the inclusion criteria.</p></sec><sec id="Sec14"><title>Outcome quality of life (QoL)</title><p>There is nearly no literature available on the change of the quality of life due to implants in patients with antiresorptive therapy. One article could be identified [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR44">44</xref>] that analyzed the quality of life in partially edentulous osteoporosis patients that were restored with (1) a dental implant-supported prosthesis, (2) a non-implant-supported fixed restoration, (3) a non-implant-supported removable restauration, and (4) no restoration that showed a statistically significant difference regarding the improvement of the QoL in patients with a dental implant-supported prosthesis compared to the other sub-groups. Out of the 237 patients, 134 patients had an oral BP and 51 patients an IV BP therapy [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR44">44</xref>].</p></sec><sec id="Sec15"><title>Outcome remaining dentition</title><p>No articles could be found regarding the prognosis of the remaining dentition depending on implant therapy, neither for patients with bisphosphonate nor denosumab treatment.</p></sec><sec id="Sec16"><title>Outcome future implants</title><p>There are no reliable parameters indicating the success of implants in patients with anti-resorptive therapy. The risk of osteonecrosis development has already been described in the chapter referring to the osteonecrosis risk. Two articles mentioned the radiologic finding of a persisting alveolar socket as a marker indicating the osteonecrosis risk [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR45">45</xref>, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR46">46</xref>]. In addition, other radiologic changes in patients with bisphosphonates have been described, such as regional or diffuse osteosclerosis, confluence of cortical and cancellous bone, prominence of the canal of the inferior alveolar nerve, a prominent lamina dura, radiolucences around the apex and cortical disruptions [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR46">46</xref>]. Their existence reflects the changes in the bone remodeling due to the anti-resorptive therapy and might be associated with a higher osteonecrosis risk, but there is no evidence supporting this theory.</p></sec></sec><sec id="Sec17"><title>Discussion</title><p>Even latest guidelines and statements dealing with medication associated osteonecrosis of the jaws such as the American [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR7">7</xref>, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR8">8</xref>], Scottish [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR47">47</xref>], Swiss [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR6">6</xref>] or German [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR1">1</xref>] do not address implant therapy in these patients in detail. Due to this lack of data a systematic literature review was performed to fill this gap. Unfortunately the literature dealing with this topic is very sparse and consists mainly of case reports, case series, and a few retrospective studies. Regarding the topics augmentation, masticatory efficiency, TMJ and the impact on the remaining dentition no literature met the inclusion criteria or no literature was available at all.</p><p>Surgical procedures such as implant insertion and potential complications such as periimplantitis are associated with an inflammatory condition and can potentially trigger a BP-ONJ. The risk of developing BP-ONJ is higher the more potent the BP are and the longer they were administered [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR1">1</xref>]. There is lots of literature supporting dental implant therapy in patients with antiresorptive medication in benign primary diseases, with only a few patients developing BP-ONJ (Table. <xref rid="Tab2" ref-type="table">2</xref>). In contrast, the literature regarding successful implant therapy in malignoma patients is very sparse. The majority of publications on malignoma patients describes scenarios with BP-ONJ development (Table <xref rid="Tab2" ref-type="table">2</xref>).</p><p>In many cases a denture would be the alternative treatment option to dental implants but many BP-ONJ cases in patients with benign and malignant diseases are caused by denture pressure sores (Table <xref rid="Tab2" ref-type="table">2</xref>), so when deciding whether a patient is eligible for implant therapy, this fact should be considered as well. The consideration needs to take into account how much the patient might benefit from the implant itself, the risk of causing an osteonecrosis due to the procedure and the likelihood of preventing an osteonecrosis by avoiding dentures and denture pressure sores.</p><p>In the consideration of a potential implant insertion the need for a bone augmentation or a sinus lift needs to be considered as well. Although there are only very few cases in the literature with augmentation of bone/sinus lift [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR18">18</xref>, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR28">28</xref>], these procedures are linked to a functioning vascular recipient site with working osteoclastic resorption and osteoblastic bone formation, and this is compromised in patients with antiresorptive therapy. Due to the denudation of the bone at the recipient site the vascular situation might be even more compromised, possibly resulting in more BP-ONJ cases so that any kind of augmentation should be considered with extreme care.</p><p>Dental implants can improve the Qol in patients with antiresorptive therapy (bisphosphonate/denosumab) [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR44">44</xref>] analogous to patients without antiresorptive therapy [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR48">48</xref>]. A recently performed systematic review on masticatory performance, bite force, nutritional state and patient’s satisfaction showed that implant-supported dentures were associated with high patient satisfaction regarding denture comfort and bite force. But interestingly these outcomes were not always related with an increase in general QoL [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR49">49</xref>]. There is no reason, why this should be any different in patients with antiresorptive therapy in the event of implant success. On the other hand the occurrence of BP-ONJ has a huge impact on the QoL of affected patients since the patients report higher negative affection by pain, problems swallowing and social eating even compared to patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR50">50</xref>]. Therefore prevention of BP-ONJ should be one of the primary aims.</p><p>The risk of triggering a BP-ONJ by implant therapy in patients with benign diseases seems to be rather small. The risk in patients with malignant diseases is hard to describe since mostly negative examples are published but not the total number of patients receiving implant therapy. The distribution clearly illustrates the necessity for an individual risk assessment as it is recommended by most guidelines and the importance of explaining the possibility of BP-ONJ development to the patient. The individual risk is influenced by the primary disease and its treatment, such as the antiresorptive medication (substance, duration of application, frequency of application), concomitant therapy, further diseases (e.g. diabetes), further treatments (e.g. head and neck radiation), further factors (e.g. smoking) and existence of former osteonecrosis/present osteonecrosis. Next to this, the patients need to be compliant with an appropriate motivation for oral hygiene and the necessary skills to transfer this. Infectious foci should be treated before implant therapy to further reduce the risk of osteonecrosis development. The surgical sites should be followed up clinically (persisting sharp bone edges without any tendency to remodel) and radiologically (e.g. persisting alveolar sockets) to identify a compromised wound healing that might be associated with a higher BP-ONJ risk.</p><p>The use of bone markers is discussed controversially in the literature, and no clear recommendation can be given at the moment [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR1">1</xref>, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR8">8</xref>]. In these cases, where an implant is planned, a perioperative antimicrobial prophylaxis should be administered, similar to the prophylaxis suggested in other surgical procedures performed in these patients, since this seems to be a tool to decrease BP-ONJ frequency [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR1">1</xref>, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR51">51</xref>]. There is no literature on patients with antiresorptive medications other than bisphosphonates, and so the recommendation is to proceed with these patients similarly to patients on bisphosphonates.</p><p>Unfortunately literature with high evidence is rare. Dental implants are possible in patients with antiresorptive therapy but an individual risk assessment should be performed and alternative treatment options should be considered keeping the scenario of BP-ONJ development in mind. Implant survival and success rate alone are not sufficient to evaluate the implant supported rehabilitations in patients with bisphosphonates. Even more important is the risk of triggering an osteonecrosis in relation to the possible gain of QoL by an implant supported therapy.</p></sec><sec id="Sec18"><title>Conclusions</title><p>Successful implant therapy is feasible in patients receiving antiresorptive therapy. The risk of osteonecrosis development needs to be explained to the patient. An individual risk assessment is essential, taking the primary disease with the medication and further wound-healing-compromising diseases and medications into account. If possible, bone augmentations should be avoided, and a perioperative antimicrobiological prophylaxis is strongly recommended in these patients.</p></sec></body><back><glossary><title>Abbreviations</title><def-list><def-item><term>BP</term><def><p>bisphosphonate</p></def></def-item><def-item><term>BP-ONJ</term><def><p>bisphosphonate-associated osteonecrosis of the jaws</p></def></def-item><def-item><term>CTX</term><def><p>C-terminal telopeptide of the type I collagen</p></def></def-item><def-item><term>PICO</term><def><p>patients intervention control outcome</p></def></def-item><def-item><term>PRISMA-P</term><def><p>preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses protocols</p></def></def-item><def-item><term>QoL</term><def><p>quality of life</p></def></def-item><def-item><term>ST</term><def><p>search term</p></def></def-item><def-item><term>TMJ</term><def><p>temporomandibular joint</p></def></def-item></def-list></glossary><fn-group><fn><p><bold>Competing interests</bold></p><p>The authors Christian Walter, Bilal Al-Nawas, Tim Wolff, Eik Schiegnitz, and Knut A. Grötz declare that they have no competing interests.</p></fn><fn><p><bold>Authors’ contributions</bold></p><p>All authors designed the review. TW made the primary literature acquisition that was evaluated by the other others. All authors interpreted the data. CW drafted the manuscript that was revised by the other authors. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.</p></fn></fn-group><ref-list id="Bib1"><title>References</title><ref id="CR1"><label>1.</label><element-citation publication-type="book"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Grötz</surname><given-names>KA</given-names></name><name><surname>Piesold</surname><given-names>JU</given-names></name><name><surname>Al-Nawas</surname><given-names>B</given-names></name></person-group><source>Bisphosphonat-assoziierte Kiefernekrose (BP-ONJ) und andere Medikamenten-assoziierte Kiefernekrosen</source><year>2012</year></element-citation></ref><ref id="CR2"><label>2.</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Walter</surname><given-names>C</given-names></name><name><surname>Al-Nawas</surname><given-names>B</given-names></name><name><surname>Frickhofen</surname><given-names>N</given-names></name><name><surname>Gamm</surname><given-names>H</given-names></name><name><surname>Beck</surname><given-names>J</given-names></name><name><surname>Reinsch</surname><given-names>L</given-names></name><etal></etal></person-group><article-title>Prevalence of bisphosphonate associated osteonecrosis of the jaws in multiple myeloma patients</article-title><source>Head Face Med</source><year>2010</year><volume>6</volume><fpage>11</fpage><pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1186/1746-160X-6-11</pub-id><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">20615236</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="CR3"><label>3.</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Walter</surname><given-names>C</given-names></name><name><surname>Sagheb</surname><given-names>K</given-names></name><name><surname>Bitzer</surname><given-names>J</given-names></name><name><surname>Rahimi-Nedjat</surname><given-names>R</given-names></name><name><surname>Taylor</surname><given-names>KJ</given-names></name></person-group><article-title>Analysis of reasons for osteonecrosis of the jaws</article-title><source>Clin Oral Investig</source><year>2014</year><volume>18</volume><issue>9</issue><fpage>2221</fpage><lpage>6</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1007/s00784-014-1205-6</pub-id><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">24535075</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="CR4"><label>4.</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Walter</surname><given-names>C</given-names></name><name><surname>Laux</surname><given-names>C</given-names></name><name><surname>Sagheb</surname><given-names>K</given-names></name></person-group><article-title>Radiologic bone loss in patients with bisphosphonate-associated osteonecrosis of the jaws: a case-control study</article-title><source>Clin Oral Investig</source><year>2014</year><volume>18</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>385</fpage><lpage>90</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1007/s00784-013-0974-7</pub-id><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">23525860</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="CR5"><label>5.</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Madrid</surname><given-names>C</given-names></name><name><surname>Sanz</surname><given-names>M</given-names></name></person-group><article-title>What impact do systemically administrated bisphosphonates have on oral implant therapy? A systematic review</article-title><source>Clin Oral Implants Res</source><year>2009</year><volume>20</volume><issue>Suppl 4</issue><fpage>87</fpage><lpage>95</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1111/j.1600-0501.2009.01772.x</pub-id><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">19663954</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="CR6"><label>6.</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Borm</surname><given-names>JM</given-names></name><name><surname>Moser</surname><given-names>S</given-names></name><name><surname>Locher</surname><given-names>M</given-names></name><name><surname>Damerau</surname><given-names>G</given-names></name><name><surname>Stadlinger</surname><given-names>B</given-names></name><name><surname>Gratz</surname><given-names>KW</given-names></name><etal></etal></person-group><article-title>Risk assessment in patients undergoing osseous antiresorptive therapy in dentistry. An update</article-title><source>Schweiz Monatsschr Zahnmed</source><year>2013</year><volume>123</volume><issue>11</issue><fpage>985</fpage><lpage>1001</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">24420526</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="CR7"><label>7.</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><collab>Advisory Task Force on Bisphosphonate-Related Ostenonecrosis of the Jaws AAoO, Maxillofacial S</collab></person-group><article-title>American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons position paper on bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaws</article-title><source>J Oral Maxillofac Surg</source><year>2007</year><volume>65</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>369</fpage><lpage>76</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1016/j.joms.2006.11.003</pub-id><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">17307580</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="CR8"><label>8.</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Ruggiero</surname><given-names>SL</given-names></name><name><surname>Dodson</surname><given-names>TB</given-names></name><name><surname>Fantasia</surname><given-names>J</given-names></name><name><surname>Goodday</surname><given-names>R</given-names></name><name><surname>Aghaloo</surname><given-names>T</given-names></name><name><surname>Mehrotra</surname><given-names>B</given-names></name><etal></etal></person-group><article-title>American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons position paper on medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw--2014 update</article-title><source>J Oral Maxillofac Surg</source><year>2014</year><volume>72</volume><issue>10</issue><fpage>1938</fpage><lpage>56</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1016/j.joms.2014.04.031</pub-id><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">25234529</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="CR9"><label>9.</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Holzinger</surname><given-names>D</given-names></name><name><surname>Seemann</surname><given-names>R</given-names></name><name><surname>Matoni</surname><given-names>N</given-names></name><name><surname>Ewers</surname><given-names>R</given-names></name><name><surname>Millesi</surname><given-names>W</given-names></name><name><surname>Wutzl</surname><given-names>A</given-names></name></person-group><article-title>Effect of dental implants on bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaws</article-title><source>J Oral Maxillofac Surg</source><year>2014</year><volume>72</volume><issue>10</issue><fpage>1937</fpage><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">25234534</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="CR10"><label>10.</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Lopez-Cedrun</surname><given-names>JL</given-names></name><name><surname>Sanroman</surname><given-names>JF</given-names></name><name><surname>Garcia</surname><given-names>A</given-names></name><name><surname>Penarrocha</surname><given-names>M</given-names></name><name><surname>Feijoo</surname><given-names>JF</given-names></name><name><surname>Limeres</surname><given-names>J</given-names></name><etal></etal></person-group><article-title>Oral bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaws in dental implant patients: a case series</article-title><source>Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg</source><year>2013</year><volume>51</volume><issue>8</issue><fpage>874</fpage><lpage>9</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1016/j.bjoms.2013.06.011</pub-id><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">23866309</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="CR11"><label>11.</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Chadha</surname><given-names>GK</given-names></name><name><surname>Ahmadieh</surname><given-names>A</given-names></name><name><surname>Kumar</surname><given-names>S</given-names></name><name><surname>Sedghizadeh</surname><given-names>PP</given-names></name></person-group><article-title>Osseointegration of dental implants and osteonecrosis of the jaw in patients treated with bisphosphonate therapy: a systematic review</article-title><source>J Oral Implantol</source><year>2013</year><volume>39</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>510</fpage><lpage>20</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1563/AAID-JOI-D-11-00234</pub-id><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">23964780</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="CR12"><label>12.</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Javed</surname><given-names>F</given-names></name><name><surname>Almas</surname><given-names>K</given-names></name></person-group><article-title>Osseointegration of dental implants in patients undergoing bisphosphonate treatment: a literature review</article-title><source>J Periodontol</source><year>2010</year><volume>81</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>479</fpage><lpage>84</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1902/jop.2009.090587</pub-id><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">20367090</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="CR13"><label>13.</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Bedogni</surname><given-names>A</given-names></name><name><surname>Bettini</surname><given-names>G</given-names></name><name><surname>Totola</surname><given-names>A</given-names></name><name><surname>Saia</surname><given-names>G</given-names></name><name><surname>Nocini</surname><given-names>PF</given-names></name></person-group><article-title>Oral bisphosphonate-associated osteonecrosis of the jaw after implant surgery: a case report and literature review</article-title><source>J Oral Maxillofac Surg</source><year>2010</year><volume>68</volume><issue>7</issue><fpage>1662</fpage><lpage>6</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1016/j.joms.2010.02.037</pub-id><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">20561470</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="CR14"><label>14.</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Schiegnitz</surname><given-names>E</given-names></name><name><surname>Al-Nawas</surname><given-names>B</given-names></name><name><surname>Kammerer</surname><given-names>PW</given-names></name><name><surname>Grotz</surname><given-names>KA</given-names></name></person-group><article-title>Oral rehabilitation with dental implants in irradiated patients: a meta-analysis on implant survival</article-title><source>Clin Oral Investig</source><year>2014</year><volume>18</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>687</fpage><lpage>98</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1007/s00784-013-1134-9</pub-id><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">24271500</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="CR15"><label>15.</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Niibe</surname><given-names>K</given-names></name><name><surname>Ouchi</surname><given-names>T</given-names></name><name><surname>Iwasaki</surname><given-names>R</given-names></name><name><surname>Nakagawa</surname><given-names>T</given-names></name><name><surname>Horie</surname><given-names>N</given-names></name></person-group><article-title>Osteonecrosis of the jaw in patients with dental prostheses being treated with bisphosphonates or denosumab</article-title><source>J Prosthodont Res</source><year>2015</year><volume>59</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>3</fpage><lpage>5</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1016/j.jpor.2014.08.001</pub-id><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">25212129</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="CR16"><label>16.</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Tam</surname><given-names>Y</given-names></name><name><surname>Kar</surname><given-names>K</given-names></name><name><surname>Nowzari</surname><given-names>H</given-names></name><name><surname>Cha</surname><given-names>HS</given-names></name><name><surname>Ahn</surname><given-names>KM</given-names></name></person-group><article-title>Osteonecrosis of the jaw after implant surgery in patients treated with bisphosphonates--a presentation of six consecutive cases</article-title><source>Clin Implant Dent Relat Res</source><year>2014</year><volume>16</volume><issue>5</issue><fpage>751</fpage><lpage>61</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1111/cid.12048</pub-id><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">23445465</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="CR17"><label>17.</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Kwon</surname><given-names>TG</given-names></name><name><surname>Lee</surname><given-names>CO</given-names></name><name><surname>Park</surname><given-names>JW</given-names></name><name><surname>Choi</surname><given-names>SY</given-names></name><name><surname>Rijal</surname><given-names>G</given-names></name><name><surname>Shin</surname><given-names>HI</given-names></name></person-group><article-title>Osteonecrosis associated with dental implants in patients undergoing bisphosphonate treatment</article-title><source>Clin Oral Implants Res</source><year>2014</year><volume>25</volume><issue>5</issue><fpage>632</fpage><lpage>40</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1111/clr.12088</pub-id><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">23278625</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="CR18"><label>18.</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Jacobsen</surname><given-names>C</given-names></name><name><surname>Metzler</surname><given-names>P</given-names></name><name><surname>Rossle</surname><given-names>M</given-names></name><name><surname>Obwegeser</surname><given-names>J</given-names></name><name><surname>Zemann</surname><given-names>W</given-names></name><name><surname>Gratz</surname><given-names>KW</given-names></name></person-group><article-title>Osteopathology induced by bisphosphonates and dental implants: clinical observations</article-title><source>Clin Oral Investig</source><year>2013</year><volume>17</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>167</fpage><lpage>75</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1007/s00784-012-0708-2</pub-id><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">22415216</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="CR19"><label>19.</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Lazarovici</surname><given-names>TS</given-names></name><name><surname>Yahalom</surname><given-names>R</given-names></name><name><surname>Taicher</surname><given-names>S</given-names></name><name><surname>Schwartz-Arad</surname><given-names>D</given-names></name><name><surname>Peleg</surname><given-names>O</given-names></name><name><surname>Yarom</surname><given-names>N</given-names></name></person-group><article-title>Bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaw associated with dental implants</article-title><source>J Oral Maxillofac Surg</source><year>2010</year><volume>68</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>790</fpage><lpage>6</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1016/j.joms.2009.09.017</pub-id><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">20307764</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="CR20"><label>20.</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Nisi</surname><given-names>M</given-names></name><name><surname>La Ferla</surname><given-names>F</given-names></name><name><surname>Karapetsa</surname><given-names>D</given-names></name><name><surname>Gennai</surname><given-names>S</given-names></name><name><surname>Miccoli</surname><given-names>M</given-names></name><name><surname>Baggiani</surname><given-names>A</given-names></name><etal></etal></person-group><article-title>Risk factors influencing BRONJ staging in patients receiving intravenous bisphosphonates: a multivariate analysis</article-title><source>Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg</source><year>2015</year><volume>44</volume><issue>5</issue><fpage>586</fpage><lpage>91</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1016/j.ijom.2015.01.014</pub-id><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">25701305</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="CR21"><label>21.</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Kwon</surname><given-names>YD</given-names></name><name><surname>Ohe</surname><given-names>JY</given-names></name><name><surname>Kim</surname><given-names>DY</given-names></name><name><surname>Chung</surname><given-names>DJ</given-names></name><name><surname>Park</surname><given-names>YD</given-names></name></person-group><article-title>Retrospective study of two biochemical markers for the risk assessment of oral bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaws: can they be utilized as risk markers?</article-title><source>Clin Oral Implants Res</source><year>2011</year><volume>22</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>100</fpage><lpage>5</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1111/j.1600-0501.2010.01965.x</pub-id><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">20946206</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="CR22"><label>22.</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Koka</surname><given-names>S</given-names></name><name><surname>Babu</surname><given-names>NM</given-names></name><name><surname>Norell</surname><given-names>A</given-names></name></person-group><article-title>Survival of dental implants in post-menopausal bisphosphonate users</article-title><source>J Prosthodont Res</source><year>2010</year><volume>54</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>108</fpage><lpage>11</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1016/j.jpor.2010.04.002</pub-id><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">20434422</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="CR23"><label>23.</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Marx</surname><given-names>RE</given-names></name><name><surname>Sawatari</surname><given-names>Y</given-names></name><name><surname>Fortin</surname><given-names>M</given-names></name><name><surname>Broumand</surname><given-names>V</given-names></name></person-group><article-title>Bisphosphonate-induced exposed bone (osteonecrosis/osteopetrosis) of the jaws: risk factors, recognition, prevention, and treatment</article-title><source>J Oral Maxillofac Surg</source><year>2005</year><volume>63</volume><issue>11</issue><fpage>1567</fpage><lpage>75</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1016/j.joms.2005.07.010</pub-id><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">16243172</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="CR24"><label>24.</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Al-Sabbagh</surname><given-names>M</given-names></name><name><surname>Robinson</surname><given-names>FG</given-names></name><name><surname>Romanos</surname><given-names>G</given-names></name><name><surname>Thomas</surname><given-names>MV</given-names></name></person-group><article-title>Osteoporosis and bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis in a dental school implant patient population</article-title><source>Implant Dent</source><year>2015</year><volume>24</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>328</fpage><lpage>32</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">25764480</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="CR25"><label>25.</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Famili</surname><given-names>P</given-names></name><name><surname>Quigley</surname><given-names>S</given-names></name><name><surname>Mosher</surname><given-names>T</given-names></name></person-group><article-title>Survival of dental implants among post-menopausal female dental school patients taking oral bisphosphonates: a retrospective study</article-title><source>Compend Contin Educ Dent</source><year>2011</year><volume>32</volume><issue>6</issue><fpage>E106</fpage><lpage>9</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">23738968</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="CR26"><label>26.</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Goss</surname><given-names>A</given-names></name><name><surname>Bartold</surname><given-names>M</given-names></name><name><surname>Sambrook</surname><given-names>P</given-names></name><name><surname>Hawker</surname><given-names>P</given-names></name></person-group><article-title>The nature and frequency of bisphosphonate-associated osteonecrosis of the jaws in dental implant patients: a South Australian case series</article-title><source>J Oral Maxillofac Surg</source><year>2010</year><volume>68</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>337</fpage><lpage>43</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1016/j.joms.2009.09.037</pub-id><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">20116705</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="CR27"><label>27.</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Lo</surname><given-names>JC</given-names></name><name><surname>O'Ryan</surname><given-names>FS</given-names></name><name><surname>Gordon</surname><given-names>NP</given-names></name><name><surname>Yang</surname><given-names>J</given-names></name><name><surname>Hui</surname><given-names>RL</given-names></name><name><surname>Martin</surname><given-names>D</given-names></name><etal></etal></person-group><article-title>Prevalence of osteonecrosis of the jaw in patients with oral bisphosphonate exposure</article-title><source>J Oral Maxillofac Surg</source><year>2010</year><volume>68</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>243</fpage><lpage>53</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1016/j.joms.2009.03.050</pub-id><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">19772941</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="CR28"><label>28.</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Bell</surname><given-names>BM</given-names></name><name><surname>Bell</surname><given-names>RE</given-names></name></person-group><article-title>Oral bisphosphonates and dental implants: a retrospective study</article-title><source>J Oral Maxillofac Surg</source><year>2008</year><volume>66</volume><issue>5</issue><fpage>1022</fpage><lpage>4</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1016/j.joms.2007.12.040</pub-id><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">18423296</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="CR29"><label>29.</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Grant</surname><given-names>BT</given-names></name><name><surname>Amenedo</surname><given-names>C</given-names></name><name><surname>Freeman</surname><given-names>K</given-names></name><name><surname>Kraut</surname><given-names>RA</given-names></name></person-group><article-title>Outcomes of placing dental implants in patients taking oral bisphosphonates: a review of 115 cases</article-title><source>J Oral Maxillofac Surg</source><year>2008</year><volume>66</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>223</fpage><lpage>30</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1016/j.joms.2007.09.019</pub-id><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">18201600</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="CR30"><label>30.</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Fugazzotto</surname><given-names>PA</given-names></name><name><surname>Lightfoot</surname><given-names>WS</given-names></name><name><surname>Jaffin</surname><given-names>R</given-names></name><name><surname>Kumar</surname><given-names>A</given-names></name></person-group><article-title>Implant placement with or without simultaneous tooth extraction in patients taking oral bisphosphonates: postoperative healing, early follow-up, and the incidence of complications in two private practices</article-title><source>J Periodontol</source><year>2007</year><volume>78</volume><issue>9</issue><fpage>1664</fpage><lpage>9</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1902/jop.2007.060514</pub-id><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">17760533</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="CR31"><label>31.</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Jeffcoat</surname><given-names>MK</given-names></name></person-group><article-title>Safety of oral bisphosphonates: controlled studies on alveolar bone</article-title><source>Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants</source><year>2006</year><volume>21</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>349</fpage><lpage>53</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">16796276</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="CR32"><label>32.</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Boquete-Castro</surname><given-names>A</given-names></name><name><surname>Gomez-Moreno</surname><given-names>G</given-names></name><name><surname>Calvo-Guirado</surname><given-names>JL</given-names></name><name><surname>Aguilar-Salvatierra</surname><given-names>A</given-names></name><name><surname>Delgado-Ruiz</surname><given-names>RA</given-names></name></person-group><article-title>Denosumab and osteonecrosis of the jaw. A systematic analysis of events reported in clinical trials</article-title><source>Clin Oral Implants Res</source><year>2015</year></element-citation></ref><ref id="CR33"><label>33.</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Bamias</surname><given-names>A</given-names></name><name><surname>Kastritis</surname><given-names>E</given-names></name><name><surname>Bamia</surname><given-names>C</given-names></name><name><surname>Moulopoulos</surname><given-names>LA</given-names></name><name><surname>Melakopoulos</surname><given-names>I</given-names></name><name><surname>Bozas</surname><given-names>G</given-names></name><etal></etal></person-group><article-title>Osteonecrosis of the jaw in cancer after treatment with bisphosphonates: incidence and risk factors</article-title><source>J Clin Oncol</source><year>2005</year><volume>23</volume><issue>34</issue><fpage>8580</fpage><lpage>7</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1200/JCO.2005.02.8670</pub-id><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">16314620</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="CR34"><label>34.</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Carmagnola</surname><given-names>D</given-names></name><name><surname>Celestino</surname><given-names>S</given-names></name><name><surname>Abati</surname><given-names>S</given-names></name></person-group><article-title>Dental and periodontal history of oncologic patients on parenteral bisphosphonates with or without osteonecrosis of the jaws: a pilot study</article-title><source>Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod</source><year>2008</year><volume>106</volume><issue>6</issue><fpage>e10</fpage><lpage>5</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1016/j.tripleo.2008.07.011</pub-id><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">18801674</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="CR35"><label>35.</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Jabbour</surname><given-names>Z</given-names></name><name><surname>El-Hakim</surname><given-names>M</given-names></name><name><surname>Mesbah-Ardakani</surname><given-names>P</given-names></name><name><surname>Henderson</surname><given-names>JE</given-names></name><name><surname>Albuquerque</surname><given-names>R</given-names><suffix>Jr</suffix></name></person-group><article-title>The outcomes of conservative and surgical treatment of stage 2 bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaws: a case series</article-title><source>Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg</source><year>2012</year><volume>41</volume><issue>11</issue><fpage>1404</fpage><lpage>9</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1016/j.ijom.2012.05.012</pub-id><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">22704590</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="CR36"><label>36.</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Kos</surname><given-names>M</given-names></name><name><surname>Kuebler</surname><given-names>JF</given-names></name><name><surname>Luczak</surname><given-names>K</given-names></name><name><surname>Engelke</surname><given-names>W</given-names></name></person-group><article-title>Bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaws: a review of 34 cases and evaluation of risk</article-title><source>J Craniomaxillofac Surg</source><year>2010</year><volume>38</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>255</fpage><lpage>9</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1016/j.jcms.2009.06.005</pub-id><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">19592261</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="CR37"><label>37.</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Kumar</surname><given-names>SK</given-names></name><name><surname>Meru</surname><given-names>M</given-names></name><name><surname>Sedghizadeh</surname><given-names>PP</given-names></name></person-group><article-title>Osteonecrosis of the jaws secondary to bisphosphonate therapy: a case series</article-title><source>J Contemp Dent Pract</source><year>2008</year><volume>9</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>63</fpage><lpage>9</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">18176650</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="CR38"><label>38.</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Kyrgidis</surname><given-names>A</given-names></name><name><surname>Vahtsevanos</surname><given-names>K</given-names></name><name><surname>Koloutsos</surname><given-names>G</given-names></name><name><surname>Andreadis</surname><given-names>C</given-names></name><name><surname>Boukovinas</surname><given-names>I</given-names></name><name><surname>Teleioudis</surname><given-names>Z</given-names></name><etal></etal></person-group><article-title>Bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaws: a case-control study of risk factors in breast cancer patients</article-title><source>J Clin Oncol</source><year>2008</year><volume>26</volume><issue>28</issue><fpage>4634</fpage><lpage>8</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1200/JCO.2008.16.2768</pub-id><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">18574158</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="CR39"><label>39.</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Vahtsevanos</surname><given-names>K</given-names></name><name><surname>Kyrgidis</surname><given-names>A</given-names></name><name><surname>Verrou</surname><given-names>E</given-names></name><name><surname>Katodritou</surname><given-names>E</given-names></name><name><surname>Triaridis</surname><given-names>S</given-names></name><name><surname>Andreadis</surname><given-names>CG</given-names></name><etal></etal></person-group><article-title>Longitudinal cohort study of risk factors in cancer patients of bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaw</article-title><source>J Clin Oncol</source><year>2009</year><volume>27</volume><issue>32</issue><fpage>5356</fpage><lpage>62</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1200/JCO.2009.21.9584</pub-id><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">19805682</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="CR40"><label>40.</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Walter</surname><given-names>C</given-names></name><name><surname>Al-Nawas</surname><given-names>B</given-names></name><name><surname>Grotz</surname><given-names>KA</given-names></name><name><surname>Thomas</surname><given-names>C</given-names></name><name><surname>Thuroff</surname><given-names>JW</given-names></name><name><surname>Zinser</surname><given-names>V</given-names></name><etal></etal></person-group><article-title>Prevalence and risk factors of bisphosphonate-associated osteonecrosis of the jaw in prostate cancer patients with advanced disease treated with zoledronate</article-title><source>Eur Urol</source><year>2008</year><volume>54</volume><issue>5</issue><fpage>1066</fpage><lpage>72</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1016/j.eururo.2008.06.070</pub-id><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">18602738</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="CR41"><label>41.</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Walter</surname><given-names>C</given-names></name><name><surname>Grotz</surname><given-names>KA</given-names></name><name><surname>Kunkel</surname><given-names>M</given-names></name><name><surname>Al-Nawas</surname><given-names>B</given-names></name></person-group><article-title>Prevalence of bisphosphonate associated osteonecrosis of the jaw within the field of osteonecrosis</article-title><source>Support Care Cancer</source><year>2007</year><volume>15</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>197</fpage><lpage>202</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1007/s00520-006-0120-z</pub-id><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">16941133</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="CR42"><label>42.</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Yarom</surname><given-names>N</given-names></name><name><surname>Yahalom</surname><given-names>R</given-names></name><name><surname>Shoshani</surname><given-names>Y</given-names></name><name><surname>Hamed</surname><given-names>W</given-names></name><name><surname>Regev</surname><given-names>E</given-names></name><name><surname>Elad</surname><given-names>S</given-names></name></person-group><article-title>Osteonecrosis of the jaw induced by orally administered bisphosphonates: incidence, clinical features, predisposing factors and treatment outcome</article-title><source>Osteoporos Int</source><year>2007</year><volume>18</volume><issue>10</issue><fpage>1363</fpage><lpage>70</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1007/s00198-007-0384-2</pub-id><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">17598065</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="CR43"><label>43.</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Hasegawa</surname><given-names>Y</given-names></name><name><surname>Kawabe</surname><given-names>M</given-names></name><name><surname>Kimura</surname><given-names>H</given-names></name><name><surname>Kurita</surname><given-names>K</given-names></name><name><surname>Fukuta</surname><given-names>J</given-names></name><name><surname>Urade</surname><given-names>M</given-names></name></person-group><article-title>Influence of dentures in the initial occurrence site on the prognosis of bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaws: a retrospective study</article-title><source>Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol</source><year>2012</year><volume>114</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>318</fpage><lpage>24</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1016/j.oooo.2012.04.002</pub-id><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">22862971</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="CR44"><label>44.</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>DeBaz</surname><given-names>C</given-names></name><name><surname>Hahn</surname><given-names>J</given-names></name><name><surname>Lang</surname><given-names>L</given-names></name><name><surname>Palomo</surname><given-names>L</given-names></name></person-group><article-title>Dental Implant Supported Restorations Improve Quality of Life in Osteoporotic Women</article-title><source>Int J Dent</source><year>2015</year><volume>2015</volume><fpage>451923</fpage><pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1155/2015/451923</pub-id><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">26146501</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="CR45"><label>45.</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Grötz</surname><given-names>KA</given-names></name><name><surname>Al-Nawas</surname><given-names>B</given-names></name></person-group><article-title>Persisting alveolar sockets-a radiologic symptom of BP-ONJ?</article-title><source>J Oral Maxillofac Surg</source><year>2006</year><volume>64</volume><issue>10</issue><fpage>1571</fpage><lpage>2</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1016/j.joms.2006.05.041</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="CR46"><label>46.</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Hutchinson</surname><given-names>M</given-names></name><name><surname>O'Ryan</surname><given-names>F</given-names></name><name><surname>Chavez</surname><given-names>V</given-names></name><name><surname>Lathon</surname><given-names>PV</given-names></name><name><surname>Sanchez</surname><given-names>G</given-names></name><name><surname>Hatcher</surname><given-names>DC</given-names></name><etal></etal></person-group><article-title>Radiographic findings in bisphosphonate-treated patients with stage 0 disease in the absence of bone exposure</article-title><source>J Oral Maxillofac Surg</source><year>2010</year><volume>68</volume><issue>9</issue><fpage>2232</fpage><lpage>40</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1016/j.joms.2010.05.003</pub-id><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">20728032</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="CR47"><label>47.</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other">Wray D, Barlow D, Crighton A, Devennie H, Foster E, Kennedy D et al. Oral Health Management of Patients Prescribed Bisphosphonates Dental Clinical Guidance. Dundee: 2011</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="CR48"><label>48.</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Awad</surname><given-names>MA</given-names></name><name><surname>Rashid</surname><given-names>F</given-names></name><name><surname>Feine</surname><given-names>JS</given-names></name></person-group><article-title>Overdenture Effectiveness Study Team C. The effect of mandibular 2-implant overdentures on oral health-related quality of life: an international multicentre study</article-title><source>Clin Oral Implants Res</source><year>2014</year><volume>25</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>46</fpage><lpage>51</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1111/clr.12205</pub-id><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">23735197</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="CR49"><label>49.</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Boven</surname><given-names>GC</given-names></name><name><surname>Raghoebar</surname><given-names>GM</given-names></name><name><surname>Vissink</surname><given-names>A</given-names></name><name><surname>Meijer</surname><given-names>HJ</given-names></name></person-group><article-title>Improving masticatory performance, bite force, nutritional state and patient's satisfaction with implant overdentures: a systematic review of the literature</article-title><source>J Oral Rehabil</source><year>2015</year><volume>42</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>220</fpage><lpage>33</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1111/joor.12241</pub-id><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">25307515</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="CR50"><label>50.</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Kyrgidis</surname><given-names>A</given-names></name><name><surname>Triaridis</surname><given-names>S</given-names></name><name><surname>Kontos</surname><given-names>K</given-names></name><name><surname>Patrikidou</surname><given-names>A</given-names></name><name><surname>Andreadis</surname><given-names>C</given-names></name><name><surname>Constantinidis</surname><given-names>J</given-names></name><etal></etal></person-group><article-title>Quality of life in breast cancer patients with bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaws and patients with head and neck cancer: a comparative study using the EORTC QLQ-C30 and QLQ-HN35 questionnaires</article-title><source>Anticancer Res</source><year>2012</year><volume>32</volume><issue>8</issue><fpage>3527</fpage><lpage>34</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">22843941</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="CR51"><label>51.</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Montefusco</surname><given-names>V</given-names></name><name><surname>Gay</surname><given-names>F</given-names></name><name><surname>Spina</surname><given-names>F</given-names></name><name><surname>Miceli</surname><given-names>R</given-names></name><name><surname>Maniezzo</surname><given-names>M</given-names></name><name><surname>Teresa Ambrosini</surname><given-names>M</given-names></name><etal></etal></person-group><article-title>Antibiotic prophylaxis before dental procedures may reduce the incidence of osteonecrosis of the jaw in patients with multiple myeloma treated with bisphosphonates</article-title><source>Leuk Lymphoma</source><year>2008</year><volume>49</volume><issue>11</issue><fpage>2156</fpage><lpage>62</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1080/10428190802483778</pub-id><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">19021059</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="CR52"><label>52.</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other">Grötz KA, Al-Nawas B. Laufzettel Risiko-Evaluation bei antiresorptiver Therapie vor Implantation (Bisphosphonat-, Denosumab-Medikation). DGINET</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="CR53"><label>53.</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Grötz</surname><given-names>KA</given-names></name><name><surname>Al-Nawas</surname><given-names>B</given-names></name><name><surname>Terheyden</surname><given-names>H</given-names></name></person-group><article-title>Implantate und Bisphosphonat-Therapie</article-title><source>Implantologie</source><year>2013</year><volume>21</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>53</fpage><lpage>9</lpage></element-citation></ref><ref id="CR54"><label>54.</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Grötz</surname><given-names>KA</given-names></name><name><surname>Schmidt</surname><given-names>BLJ</given-names></name><name><surname>Walter</surname><given-names>C</given-names></name><name><surname>Al-Nawas</surname><given-names>B</given-names></name></person-group><article-title>Bei welchen Bisphosphonat-Patienten darf ich eigentlich implantieren? Ein systematisches Review</article-title><source>Z Zahnärztl Impl</source><year>2010</year><volume>26</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>153</fpage><lpage>61</lpage></element-citation></ref><ref id="CR55"><label>55.</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Krimmel</surname><given-names>M</given-names></name><name><surname>Ripperger</surname><given-names>J</given-names></name><name><surname>Hairass</surname><given-names>M</given-names></name><name><surname>Hoefert</surname><given-names>S</given-names></name><name><surname>Kluba</surname><given-names>S</given-names></name><name><surname>Reinert</surname><given-names>S</given-names></name></person-group><article-title>Does dental and oral health influence the development and course of bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaws (BRONJ)?</article-title><source>Oral Maxillofac Surg</source><year>2014</year><volume>18</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>213</fpage><lpage>8</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1007/s10006-013-0408-3</pub-id><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">23512234</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="CR56"><label>56.</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Tsao</surname><given-names>C</given-names></name><name><surname>Darby</surname><given-names>I</given-names></name><name><surname>Ebeling</surname><given-names>PR</given-names></name><name><surname>Walsh</surname><given-names>K</given-names></name><name><surname>O'Brien-Simpson</surname><given-names>N</given-names></name><name><surname>Reynolds</surname><given-names>E</given-names></name><etal></etal></person-group><article-title>Oral health risk factors for bisphosphonate-associated jaw osteonecrosis</article-title><source>J Oral Maxillofac Surg</source><year>2013</year><volume>71</volume><issue>8</issue><fpage>1360</fpage><lpage>6</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1016/j.joms.2013.02.016</pub-id><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">23582590</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="CR57"><label>57.</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Thumbigere-Math</surname><given-names>V</given-names></name><name><surname>Michalowicz</surname><given-names>BS</given-names></name><name><surname>Hodges</surname><given-names>JS</given-names></name><name><surname>Tsai</surname><given-names>ML</given-names></name><name><surname>Swenson</surname><given-names>KK</given-names></name><name><surname>Rockwell</surname><given-names>L</given-names></name><etal></etal></person-group><article-title>Periodontal disease as a risk factor for bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaw</article-title><source>J Periodontol</source><year>2014</year><volume>85</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>226</fpage><lpage>33</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1902/jop.2013.130017</pub-id><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">23786404</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="CR58"><label>58.</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Martin</surname><given-names>DC</given-names></name><name><surname>O'Ryan</surname><given-names>FS</given-names></name><name><surname>Indresano</surname><given-names>AT</given-names></name><name><surname>Bogdanos</surname><given-names>P</given-names></name><name><surname>Wang</surname><given-names>B</given-names></name><name><surname>Hui</surname><given-names>RL</given-names></name><etal></etal></person-group><article-title>Characteristics of implant failures in patients with a history of oral bisphosphonate therapy</article-title><source>J Oral Maxillofac Surg</source><year>2010</year><volume>68</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>508</fpage><lpage>14</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1016/j.joms.2009.09.055</pub-id><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">20171469</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="CR59"><label>59.</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Shabestari</surname><given-names>GO</given-names></name><name><surname>Shayesteh</surname><given-names>YS</given-names></name><name><surname>Khojasteh</surname><given-names>A</given-names></name><name><surname>Alikhasi</surname><given-names>M</given-names></name><name><surname>Moslemi</surname><given-names>N</given-names></name><name><surname>Aminian</surname><given-names>A</given-names></name><etal></etal></person-group><article-title>Implant placement in patients with oral bisphosphonate therapy: a case series</article-title><source>Clin Implant Dent Relat Res</source><year>2010</year><volume>12</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>175</fpage><lpage>80</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">19438964</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="CR60"><label>60.</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Zahid</surname><given-names>TM</given-names></name><name><surname>Wang</surname><given-names>BY</given-names></name><name><surname>Cohen</surname><given-names>RE</given-names></name></person-group><article-title>Influence of bisphosphonates on alveolar bone loss around osseointegrated implants</article-title><source>J Oral Implantol</source><year>2011</year><volume>37</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>335</fpage><lpage>46</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1563/AAID-JOI-D-09-00114</pub-id><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">20594057</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="CR61"><label>61.</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Memon</surname><given-names>S</given-names></name><name><surname>Weltman</surname><given-names>RL</given-names></name><name><surname>Katancik</surname><given-names>JA</given-names></name></person-group><article-title>Oral bisphosphonates: early endosseous dental implant success and crestal bone changes. A retrospective study</article-title><source>Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants</source><year>2012</year><volume>27</volume><issue>5</issue><fpage>1216</fpage><lpage>22</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">23057037</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="CR62"><label>62.</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Yip</surname><given-names>JK</given-names></name><name><surname>Borrell</surname><given-names>LN</given-names></name><name><surname>Cho</surname><given-names>SC</given-names></name><name><surname>Francisco</surname><given-names>H</given-names></name><name><surname>Tarnow</surname><given-names>DP</given-names></name></person-group><article-title>Association between oral bisphosphonate use and dental implant failure among middle-aged women</article-title><source>J Clin Periodontol</source><year>2012</year><volume>39</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>408</fpage><lpage>14</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1111/j.1600-051X.2012.01854.x</pub-id><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">22324443</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="CR63"><label>63.</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Lopez-Jornet</surname><given-names>P</given-names></name><name><surname>Camacho-Alonso</surname><given-names>F</given-names></name><name><surname>Martinez-Canovas</surname><given-names>A</given-names></name><name><surname>Molina-Minano</surname><given-names>F</given-names></name><name><surname>Gomez-Garcia</surname><given-names>F</given-names></name><name><surname>Vicente-Ortega</surname><given-names>V</given-names></name></person-group><article-title>Perioperative antibiotic regimen in rats treated with pamidronate plus dexamethasone and subjected to dental extraction: a study of the changes in the jaws</article-title><source>J Oral Maxillofac Surg</source><year>2011</year><volume>69</volume><issue>10</issue><fpage>2488</fpage><lpage>93</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1016/j.joms.2011.02.059</pub-id><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">21798645</pub-id></element-citation></ref></ref-list></back></pmc></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
EXPLOR_STEP=$WICRI_ROOT/Wicri/Santé/explor/EdenteV2/Data/Pmc/Corpus
HfdSelect -h $EXPLOR_STEP/biblio.hfd -nk 000E410 | SxmlIndent | more
Ou
HfdSelect -h $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/Pmc/Corpus/biblio.hfd -nk 000E410 | SxmlIndent | more
Pour mettre un lien sur cette page dans le réseau Wicri
{{Explor lien
|wiki= Wicri/Santé
|area= EdenteV2
|flux= Pmc
|étape= Corpus
|type= RBID
|clé=
|texte=
}}
| This area was generated with Dilib version V0.6.32. |  |