Links to Exploration step
Le document en format XML
<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Natural graft tissues and synthetic biomaterials for periodontal and alveolar bone reconstructive applications: a review</title>
<author><name sortKey="Sheikh, Zeeshan" sort="Sheikh, Zeeshan" uniqKey="Sheikh Z" first="Zeeshan" last="Sheikh">Zeeshan Sheikh</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff1"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0001 2157 2938</institution-id>
<institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.17063.33</institution-id>
<institution>Matrix Dynamics Group, Faculty of Dentistry,</institution>
<institution>University of Toronto,</institution>
</institution-wrap>
Room 221, 150 College Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3E2 Canada</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff2"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0004 0473 9881</institution-id>
<institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.416166.2</institution-id>
<institution></institution>
<institution>Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mt. Sinai Hospital,</institution>
</institution-wrap>
25 Orde St, Toronto, ON M5T 3H7 Canada</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Hamdan, Nader" sort="Hamdan, Nader" uniqKey="Hamdan N" first="Nader" last="Hamdan">Nader Hamdan</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff3"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0004 1936 8200</institution-id>
<institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.55602.34</institution-id>
<institution>Department of Dental Clinical Sciences,</institution>
<institution>Faculty of Dentistry, Dalhousie University,</institution>
</institution-wrap>
5981 University Avenue, PO Box 15000, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 4R2 Canada</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ikeda, Yuichi" sort="Ikeda, Yuichi" uniqKey="Ikeda Y" first="Yuichi" last="Ikeda">Yuichi Ikeda</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff1"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0001 2157 2938</institution-id>
<institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.17063.33</institution-id>
<institution>Matrix Dynamics Group, Faculty of Dentistry,</institution>
<institution>University of Toronto,</institution>
</institution-wrap>
Room 221, 150 College Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3E2 Canada</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff4"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0001 1014 9130</institution-id>
<institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.265073.5</institution-id>
<institution>Department of Periodontology,</institution>
<institution>Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University,</institution>
</institution-wrap>
1-5-45 Yushima Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-5810 Japan</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Grynpas, Marc" sort="Grynpas, Marc" uniqKey="Grynpas M" first="Marc" last="Grynpas">Marc Grynpas</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff2"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0004 0473 9881</institution-id>
<institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.416166.2</institution-id>
<institution></institution>
<institution>Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mt. Sinai Hospital,</institution>
</institution-wrap>
25 Orde St, Toronto, ON M5T 3H7 Canada</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ganss, Bernhard" sort="Ganss, Bernhard" uniqKey="Ganss B" first="Bernhard" last="Ganss">Bernhard Ganss</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff1"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0001 2157 2938</institution-id>
<institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.17063.33</institution-id>
<institution>Matrix Dynamics Group, Faculty of Dentistry,</institution>
<institution>University of Toronto,</institution>
</institution-wrap>
Room 221, 150 College Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3E2 Canada</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Glogauer, Michael" sort="Glogauer, Michael" uniqKey="Glogauer M" first="Michael" last="Glogauer">Michael Glogauer</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff1"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0001 2157 2938</institution-id>
<institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.17063.33</institution-id>
<institution>Matrix Dynamics Group, Faculty of Dentistry,</institution>
<institution>University of Toronto,</institution>
</institution-wrap>
Room 221, 150 College Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3E2 Canada</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
</titleStmt>
<publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno>
<idno type="pmid">28593053</idno>
<idno type="pmc">5460509</idno>
<idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5460509</idno>
<idno type="RBID">PMC:5460509</idno>
<idno type="doi">10.1186/s40824-017-0095-5</idno>
<date when="2017">2017</date>
<idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Corpus">000E22</idno>
<idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PMC">000E22</idno>
</publicationStmt>
<sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">Natural graft tissues and synthetic biomaterials for periodontal and alveolar bone reconstructive applications: a review</title>
<author><name sortKey="Sheikh, Zeeshan" sort="Sheikh, Zeeshan" uniqKey="Sheikh Z" first="Zeeshan" last="Sheikh">Zeeshan Sheikh</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff1"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0001 2157 2938</institution-id>
<institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.17063.33</institution-id>
<institution>Matrix Dynamics Group, Faculty of Dentistry,</institution>
<institution>University of Toronto,</institution>
</institution-wrap>
Room 221, 150 College Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3E2 Canada</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff2"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0004 0473 9881</institution-id>
<institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.416166.2</institution-id>
<institution></institution>
<institution>Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mt. Sinai Hospital,</institution>
</institution-wrap>
25 Orde St, Toronto, ON M5T 3H7 Canada</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Hamdan, Nader" sort="Hamdan, Nader" uniqKey="Hamdan N" first="Nader" last="Hamdan">Nader Hamdan</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff3"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0004 1936 8200</institution-id>
<institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.55602.34</institution-id>
<institution>Department of Dental Clinical Sciences,</institution>
<institution>Faculty of Dentistry, Dalhousie University,</institution>
</institution-wrap>
5981 University Avenue, PO Box 15000, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 4R2 Canada</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ikeda, Yuichi" sort="Ikeda, Yuichi" uniqKey="Ikeda Y" first="Yuichi" last="Ikeda">Yuichi Ikeda</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff1"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0001 2157 2938</institution-id>
<institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.17063.33</institution-id>
<institution>Matrix Dynamics Group, Faculty of Dentistry,</institution>
<institution>University of Toronto,</institution>
</institution-wrap>
Room 221, 150 College Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3E2 Canada</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff4"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0001 1014 9130</institution-id>
<institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.265073.5</institution-id>
<institution>Department of Periodontology,</institution>
<institution>Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University,</institution>
</institution-wrap>
1-5-45 Yushima Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-5810 Japan</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Grynpas, Marc" sort="Grynpas, Marc" uniqKey="Grynpas M" first="Marc" last="Grynpas">Marc Grynpas</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff2"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0004 0473 9881</institution-id>
<institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.416166.2</institution-id>
<institution></institution>
<institution>Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mt. Sinai Hospital,</institution>
</institution-wrap>
25 Orde St, Toronto, ON M5T 3H7 Canada</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ganss, Bernhard" sort="Ganss, Bernhard" uniqKey="Ganss B" first="Bernhard" last="Ganss">Bernhard Ganss</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff1"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0001 2157 2938</institution-id>
<institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.17063.33</institution-id>
<institution>Matrix Dynamics Group, Faculty of Dentistry,</institution>
<institution>University of Toronto,</institution>
</institution-wrap>
Room 221, 150 College Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3E2 Canada</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Glogauer, Michael" sort="Glogauer, Michael" uniqKey="Glogauer M" first="Michael" last="Glogauer">Michael Glogauer</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff1"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0001 2157 2938</institution-id>
<institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.17063.33</institution-id>
<institution>Matrix Dynamics Group, Faculty of Dentistry,</institution>
<institution>University of Toronto,</institution>
</institution-wrap>
Room 221, 150 College Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3E2 Canada</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
</analytic>
<series><title level="j">Biomaterials Research</title>
<idno type="eISSN">2055-7124</idno>
<imprint><date when="2017">2017</date>
</imprint>
</series>
</biblStruct>
</sourceDesc>
</fileDesc>
<profileDesc><textClass></textClass>
</profileDesc>
</teiHeader>
<front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p>Periodontal disease is categorized by the destruction of periodontal tissues. Over the years, there have been several clinical techniques and material options that been investigated for periodontal defect repair/regeneration. The development of improved biomaterials for periodontal tissue engineering has significantly improved the available treatment options and their clinical results. Bone replacement graft materials, barrier membranes, various growth factors and combination of these have been used. The available bone tissue replacement materials commonly used include autografts, allografts, xenografts and alloplasts. These graft materials mostly function as osteogenic, osteoinductive and/or osteoconductive scaffolds. Polymers (natural and synthetic) are more widely used as a barrier material in guided tissue regeneration (GTR) and guided bone regeneration (GBR) applications. They work on the principle of epithelial cell exclusion to allow periodontal ligament and alveolar bone cells to repopulate the defect before the normally faster epithelial cells. However, in an attempt to overcome complications related to the epithelial down-growth and/or collapse of the non-rigid barrier membrane and to maintain space, clinicians commonly use a combination of membranes with hard tissue grafts. This article aims to review various available natural tissues and biomaterial based bone replacement graft and membrane options used in periodontal regeneration applications.</p>
</div>
</front>
<back><div1 type="bibliography"><listBibl><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Listl, S" uniqKey="Listl S">S Listl</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Galloway, J" uniqKey="Galloway J">J Galloway</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Mossey, P" uniqKey="Mossey P">P Mossey</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Marcenes, W" uniqKey="Marcenes W">W Marcenes</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Albandar, Jm" uniqKey="Albandar J">JM Albandar</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Loesche, Wj" uniqKey="Loesche W">WJ Loesche</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Grossman, Ns" uniqKey="Grossman N">NS Grossman</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Ramseier, Ca" uniqKey="Ramseier C">CA Ramseier</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Rasperini, G" uniqKey="Rasperini G">G Rasperini</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Batia, S" uniqKey="Batia S">S Batia</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Giannobile, Wv" uniqKey="Giannobile W">WV Giannobile</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Misch, Cm" uniqKey="Misch C">CM Misch</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Younger, Em" uniqKey="Younger E">EM Younger</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Chapman, Mw" uniqKey="Chapman M">MW Chapman</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Johansson, B" uniqKey="Johansson B">B Johansson</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Grepe, A" uniqKey="Grepe A">A Grepe</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Wannfors, K" uniqKey="Wannfors K">K Wannfors</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Hirsch, J" uniqKey="Hirsch J">J Hirsch</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Eppley, Bl" uniqKey="Eppley B">BL Eppley</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Pietrzak, Ws" uniqKey="Pietrzak W">WS Pietrzak</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Blanton, Mw" uniqKey="Blanton M">MW Blanton</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Reddi, Ah" uniqKey="Reddi A">AH Reddi</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Wientroub, S" uniqKey="Wientroub S">S Wientroub</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Muthukumaran, N" uniqKey="Muthukumaran N">N Muthukumaran</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Lee, M J" uniqKey="Lee M">M-J Lee</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Kim, B O" uniqKey="Kim B">B-O Kim</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Yu, S J" uniqKey="Yu S">S-J Yu</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Sheikh, Z" uniqKey="Sheikh Z">Z Sheikh</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Qureshi, J" uniqKey="Qureshi J">J Qureshi</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Alshahrani, Am" uniqKey="Alshahrani A">AM Alshahrani</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Nassar, H" uniqKey="Nassar H">H Nassar</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ikeda, Y" uniqKey="Ikeda Y">Y Ikeda</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Glogauer, M" uniqKey="Glogauer M">M Glogauer</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Sheikh, Z" uniqKey="Sheikh Z">Z Sheikh</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Abdallah, Mn" uniqKey="Abdallah M">MN Abdallah</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Hamdan, N" uniqKey="Hamdan N">N Hamdan</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Javaid, Ma" uniqKey="Javaid M">MA Javaid</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Khurshid, Z" uniqKey="Khurshid Z">Z Khurshid</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct></biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Sheikh, Z" uniqKey="Sheikh Z">Z Sheikh</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Najeeb, S" uniqKey="Najeeb S">S Najeeb</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Khurshid, Z" uniqKey="Khurshid Z">Z Khurshid</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Verma, V" uniqKey="Verma V">V Verma</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Rashid, H" uniqKey="Rashid H">H Rashid</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Glogauer, M" uniqKey="Glogauer M">M Glogauer</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Sheikh, Z" uniqKey="Sheikh Z">Z Sheikh</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Abdallah, M N" uniqKey="Abdallah M">M-N Abdallah</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Hanafi, Aa" uniqKey="Hanafi A">AA Hanafi</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Misbahuddin, S" uniqKey="Misbahuddin S">S Misbahuddin</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Rashid, H" uniqKey="Rashid H">H Rashid</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Glogauer, M" uniqKey="Glogauer M">M Glogauer</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Sheikh, Z" uniqKey="Sheikh Z">Z Sheikh</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Brooks, Pj" uniqKey="Brooks P">PJ Brooks</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Barzilay, O" uniqKey="Barzilay O">O Barzilay</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Fine, N" uniqKey="Fine N">N Fine</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Glogauer, M" uniqKey="Glogauer M">M Glogauer</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Mcallister, Bs" uniqKey="Mcallister B">BS McAllister</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Haghighat, K" uniqKey="Haghighat K">K Haghighat</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Draenert, Fg" uniqKey="Draenert F">FG Draenert</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Huetzen, D" uniqKey="Huetzen D">D Huetzen</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Neff, A" uniqKey="Neff A">A Neff</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Mueller, We" uniqKey="Mueller W">WE Mueller</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Misch, Cm" uniqKey="Misch C">CM Misch</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Simion, M" uniqKey="Simion M">M Simion</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Jovanovic, Sa" uniqKey="Jovanovic S">SA Jovanovic</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Tinti, C" uniqKey="Tinti C">C Tinti</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Benfenati, Sp" uniqKey="Benfenati S">SP Benfenati</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Cypher, Tj" uniqKey="Cypher T">TJ Cypher</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Grossman, Jp" uniqKey="Grossman J">JP Grossman</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Simion, M" uniqKey="Simion M">M Simion</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Fontana, F" uniqKey="Fontana F">F Fontana</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Jackson, It" uniqKey="Jackson I">IT Jackson</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Helden, G" uniqKey="Helden G">G Helden</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Marx, R" uniqKey="Marx R">R Marx</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Nkenke, E" uniqKey="Nkenke E">E Nkenke</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Weisbach, V" uniqKey="Weisbach V">V Weisbach</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Winckler, E" uniqKey="Winckler E">E Winckler</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Kessler, P" uniqKey="Kessler P">P Kessler</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Schultze Mosgau, S" uniqKey="Schultze Mosgau S">S Schultze-Mosgau</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Wiltfang, J" uniqKey="Wiltfang J">J Wiltfang</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Wilk, R" uniqKey="Wilk R">R Wilk</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct></biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Merli, M" uniqKey="Merli M">M Merli</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Lombardini, F" uniqKey="Lombardini F">F Lombardini</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Esposito, M" uniqKey="Esposito M">M Esposito</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Block, Ms" uniqKey="Block M">MS Block</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Degen, M" uniqKey="Degen M">M Degen</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Araujo, Pp" uniqKey="Araujo P">PP Araujo</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Oliveira, Kp" uniqKey="Oliveira K">KP Oliveira</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Montenegro, Sc" uniqKey="Montenegro S">SC Montenegro</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Carreiro, Af" uniqKey="Carreiro A">AF Carreiro</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Silva, Js" uniqKey="Silva J">JS Silva</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Germano, Ar" uniqKey="Germano A">AR Germano</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Sterio, Tw" uniqKey="Sterio T">TW Sterio</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Katancik, Ja" uniqKey="Katancik J">JA Katancik</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Blanchard, Sb" uniqKey="Blanchard S">SB Blanchard</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Xenoudi, P" uniqKey="Xenoudi P">P Xenoudi</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Mealey, Bl" uniqKey="Mealey B">BL Mealey</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Aguzzi, A" uniqKey="Aguzzi A">A Aguzzi</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Barbara, J" uniqKey="Barbara J">J Barbara</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Brown, P" uniqKey="Brown P">P Brown</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Budka, H" uniqKey="Budka H">H Budka</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Diringer, H" uniqKey="Diringer H">H Diringer</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Dormont, D" uniqKey="Dormont D">D Dormont</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Buck, B" uniqKey="Buck B">B Buck</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Malinin, Ti" uniqKey="Malinin T">TI Malinin</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Brown, Md" uniqKey="Brown M">MD Brown</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Drobyski, Wr" uniqKey="Drobyski W">WR Drobyski</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Knox, Kk" uniqKey="Knox K">KK Knox</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Majewski, D" uniqKey="Majewski D">D Majewski</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Carrigan, Dr" uniqKey="Carrigan D">DR Carrigan</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Mroz, Te" uniqKey="Mroz T">TE Mroz</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Joyce, Mj" uniqKey="Joyce M">MJ Joyce</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Steinmetz, Mp" uniqKey="Steinmetz M">MP Steinmetz</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Lieberman, Ih" uniqKey="Lieberman I">IH Lieberman</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Wang, Jc" uniqKey="Wang J">JC Wang</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Al Ruhaimi, Ka" uniqKey="Al Ruhaimi K">KA Al Ruhaimi</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Dias, Rr" uniqKey="Dias R">RR Dias</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Sehn, Fp" uniqKey="Sehn F">FP Sehn</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="De Santana Santos, T" uniqKey="De Santana Santos T">T de Santana Santos</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Silva, Er" uniqKey="Silva E">ER Silva</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Chaushu, G" uniqKey="Chaushu G">G Chaushu</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Xavier, Sp" uniqKey="Xavier S">SP Xavier</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Macedo, Lg" uniqKey="Macedo L">LG Macedo</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Mazzucchelli Cosmo, La" uniqKey="Mazzucchelli Cosmo L">LA Mazzucchelli-Cosmo</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Macedo, Nl" uniqKey="Macedo N">NL Macedo</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Monteiro, As" uniqKey="Monteiro A">AS Monteiro</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Sendyk, Wr" uniqKey="Sendyk W">WR Sendyk</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Contar, Cm" uniqKey="Contar C">CM Contar</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Sarot, Jr" uniqKey="Sarot J">JR Sarot</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Da Costa, Mb" uniqKey="Da Costa M">MB da Costa</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Bordini, J" uniqKey="Bordini J">J Bordini</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="De Lima, Aa" uniqKey="De Lima A">AA de Lima</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Alanis, Lr" uniqKey="Alanis L">LR Alanis</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Contar, Cm" uniqKey="Contar C">CM Contar</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Sarot, Jr" uniqKey="Sarot J">JR Sarot</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Bordini, J" uniqKey="Bordini J">J Bordini</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Galvao, Gh" uniqKey="Galvao G">GH Galvao</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Nicolau, Gv" uniqKey="Nicolau G">GV Nicolau</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Machado, Ma" uniqKey="Machado M">MA Machado</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Quattlebaum, Jb" uniqKey="Quattlebaum J">JB Quattlebaum</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Mellonig, Jt" uniqKey="Mellonig J">JT Mellonig</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Hensel, Nf" uniqKey="Hensel N">NF Hensel</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Friedlaender, Ge" uniqKey="Friedlaender G">GE Friedlaender</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Strong, Dm" uniqKey="Strong D">DM Strong</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Sell, Kw" uniqKey="Sell K">KW Sell</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct></biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Mellonig, Jt" uniqKey="Mellonig J">JT Mellonig</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Mellonig, Jt" uniqKey="Mellonig J">JT Mellonig</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Kukreja, Bj" uniqKey="Kukreja B">BJ Kukreja</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Dodwad, V" uniqKey="Dodwad V">V Dodwad</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Kukreja, P" uniqKey="Kukreja P">P Kukreja</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ahuja, S" uniqKey="Ahuja S">S Ahuja</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Mehra, P" uniqKey="Mehra P">P Mehra</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Blaggana, V" uniqKey="Blaggana V">V Blaggana</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Gill, As" uniqKey="Gill A">AS Gill</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Blaggana, A" uniqKey="Blaggana A">A Blaggana</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Markou, N" uniqKey="Markou N">N Markou</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Pepelassi, E" uniqKey="Pepelassi E">E Pepelassi</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Vavouraki, H" uniqKey="Vavouraki H">H Vavouraki</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Stamatakis, Hc" uniqKey="Stamatakis H">HC Stamatakis</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Nikolopoulos, G" uniqKey="Nikolopoulos G">G Nikolopoulos</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Vrotsos, I" uniqKey="Vrotsos I">I Vrotsos</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Sunitha Raja, V" uniqKey="Sunitha Raja V">V Sunitha Raja</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Naidu, M" uniqKey="Naidu M">M Naidu</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Lyford, Rh" uniqKey="Lyford R">RH Lyford</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Mills, Mp" uniqKey="Mills M">MP Mills</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Knapp, Ci" uniqKey="Knapp C">CI Knapp</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Scheyer, Et" uniqKey="Scheyer E">ET Scheyer</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Mellonig, Jt" uniqKey="Mellonig J">JT Mellonig</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Jacotti, M" uniqKey="Jacotti M">M Jacotti</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Wang, Hl" uniqKey="Wang H">HL Wang</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Fu, Jh" uniqKey="Fu J">JH Fu</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Zamboni, G" uniqKey="Zamboni G">G Zamboni</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Bernardello, F" uniqKey="Bernardello F">F Bernardello</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Wallace, S" uniqKey="Wallace S">S Wallace</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Gellin, R" uniqKey="Gellin R">R Gellin</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Russell, J" uniqKey="Russell J">J Russell</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Scarborough, N" uniqKey="Scarborough N">N Scarborough</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Chesmel, K" uniqKey="Chesmel K">K Chesmel</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Hopp, Sg" uniqKey="Hopp S">SG Hopp</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Dahners, Le" uniqKey="Dahners L">LE Dahners</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Gilbert, Ja" uniqKey="Gilbert J">JA Gilbert</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Mellonig, Jt" uniqKey="Mellonig J">JT Mellonig</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Bowers, Gm" uniqKey="Bowers G">GM Bowers</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Bailey, Rc" uniqKey="Bailey R">RC Bailey</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Scarano, A" uniqKey="Scarano A">A Scarano</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Degidi, M" uniqKey="Degidi M">M Degidi</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Iezzi, G" uniqKey="Iezzi G">G Iezzi</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Pecora, G" uniqKey="Pecora G">G Pecora</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Piattelli, M" uniqKey="Piattelli M">M Piattelli</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Orsini, G" uniqKey="Orsini G">G Orsini</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Dodson, Sa" uniqKey="Dodson S">SA Dodson</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Bernard, Gw" uniqKey="Bernard G">GW Bernard</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Kenney, Eb" uniqKey="Kenney E">EB Kenney</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Carranza, Fa" uniqKey="Carranza F">FA Carranza</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct></biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Thaller, Sr" uniqKey="Thaller S">SR Thaller</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Hoyt, J" uniqKey="Hoyt J">J Hoyt</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Borjeson, K" uniqKey="Borjeson K">K Borjeson</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Dart, A" uniqKey="Dart A">A Dart</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Tesluk, H" uniqKey="Tesluk H">H Tesluk</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Mcallister, Bs" uniqKey="Mcallister B">BS McAllister</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Margolin, Md" uniqKey="Margolin M">MD Margolin</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Cogan, Ag" uniqKey="Cogan A">AG Cogan</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Buck, D" uniqKey="Buck D">D Buck</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Hollinger, Jo" uniqKey="Hollinger J">JO Hollinger</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Lynch, Se" uniqKey="Lynch S">SE Lynch</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Liu, X" uniqKey="Liu X">X Liu</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Li, Q" uniqKey="Li Q">Q Li</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Wang, F" uniqKey="Wang F">F Wang</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Wang, Z" uniqKey="Wang Z">Z Wang</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct></biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Sogal, A" uniqKey="Sogal A">A Sogal</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Tofe, Aj" uniqKey="Tofe A">AJ Tofe</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Wenz, B" uniqKey="Wenz B">B Wenz</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Oesch, B" uniqKey="Oesch B">B Oesch</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Horst, M" uniqKey="Horst M">M Horst</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Zitzmann, Nu" uniqKey="Zitzmann N">NU Zitzmann</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Naef, R" uniqKey="Naef R">R Naef</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Scharer, P" uniqKey="Scharer P">P Scharer</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Yildirim, M" uniqKey="Yildirim M">M Yildirim</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Spiekermann, H" uniqKey="Spiekermann H">H Spiekermann</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Biesterfeld, S" uniqKey="Biesterfeld S">S Biesterfeld</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Edelhoff, D" uniqKey="Edelhoff D">D Edelhoff</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Proussaefs, P" uniqKey="Proussaefs P">P Proussaefs</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Lozada, J" uniqKey="Lozada J">J Lozada</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Kleinman, A" uniqKey="Kleinman A">A Kleinman</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Rohrer, Md" uniqKey="Rohrer M">MD Rohrer</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Mcmillan, Pj" uniqKey="Mcmillan P">PJ McMillan</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Valentini, P" uniqKey="Valentini P">P Valentini</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Abensur, D" uniqKey="Abensur D">D Abensur</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Wallace, Ss" uniqKey="Wallace S">SS Wallace</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Froum, Sj" uniqKey="Froum S">SJ Froum</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Cho, S C" uniqKey="Cho S">S-C Cho</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Elian, N" uniqKey="Elian N">N Elian</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Monteiro, D" uniqKey="Monteiro D">D Monteiro</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Kim, Bs" uniqKey="Kim B">BS Kim</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Proussaefs, P" uniqKey="Proussaefs P">P Proussaefs</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Lozada, J" uniqKey="Lozada J">J Lozada</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Rohrer, Md" uniqKey="Rohrer M">MD Rohrer</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Berglundh, T" uniqKey="Berglundh T">T Berglundh</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Lindhe, J" uniqKey="Lindhe J">J Lindhe</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Wallace, Ss" uniqKey="Wallace S">SS Wallace</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Froum, Sj" uniqKey="Froum S">SJ Froum</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Felice, P" uniqKey="Felice P">P Felice</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Marchetti, C" uniqKey="Marchetti C">C Marchetti</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Iezzi, G" uniqKey="Iezzi G">G Iezzi</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Piattelli, A" uniqKey="Piattelli A">A Piattelli</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Worthington, H" uniqKey="Worthington H">H Worthington</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Pellegrino, G" uniqKey="Pellegrino G">G Pellegrino</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Nannmark, U" uniqKey="Nannmark U">U Nannmark</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Sennerby, L" uniqKey="Sennerby L">L Sennerby</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Pearce, A" uniqKey="Pearce A">A Pearce</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Richards, R" uniqKey="Richards R">R Richards</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Milz, S" uniqKey="Milz S">S Milz</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Schneider, E" uniqKey="Schneider E">E Schneider</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Pearce, S" uniqKey="Pearce S">S Pearce</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Festa, Vm" uniqKey="Festa V">VM Festa</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Addabbo, F" uniqKey="Addabbo F">F Addabbo</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Laino, L" uniqKey="Laino L">L Laino</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Femiano, F" uniqKey="Femiano F">F Femiano</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Rullo, R" uniqKey="Rullo R">R Rullo</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="White, E" uniqKey="White E">E White</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Shors, E" uniqKey="Shors E">E Shors</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Roy, Dm" uniqKey="Roy D">DM Roy</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Linnehan, Sk" uniqKey="Linnehan S">SK Linnehan</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Weber, J" uniqKey="Weber J">J Weber</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="White, Ew" uniqKey="White E">EW White</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Weber, Jn" uniqKey="Weber J">JN Weber</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="White, Ew" uniqKey="White E">EW White</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Lebiedzik, J" uniqKey="Lebiedzik J">J Lebiedzik</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Guillemin, G" uniqKey="Guillemin G">G Guillemin</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Patat, Jl" uniqKey="Patat J">JL Patat</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Fournie, J" uniqKey="Fournie J">J Fournie</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Chetail, M" uniqKey="Chetail M">M Chetail</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Yukna, Ra" uniqKey="Yukna R">RA Yukna</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Piattelli, A" uniqKey="Piattelli A">A Piattelli</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Podda, G" uniqKey="Podda G">G Podda</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Scarano, A" uniqKey="Scarano A">A Scarano</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Gao, Tj" uniqKey="Gao T">TJ Gao</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Tuominen, Tk" uniqKey="Tuominen T">TK Tuominen</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Lindholm, Ts" uniqKey="Lindholm T">TS Lindholm</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Kommonen, B" uniqKey="Kommonen B">B Kommonen</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Lindholm, Tc" uniqKey="Lindholm T">TC Lindholm</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Kim, Ck" uniqKey="Kim C">CK Kim</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Choi, Ej" uniqKey="Choi E">EJ Choi</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Cho, Ks" uniqKey="Cho K">KS Cho</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Chai, Jk" uniqKey="Chai J">JK Chai</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Wikesjo, Um" uniqKey="Wikesjo U">UM Wikesjo</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Sheikh, Z" uniqKey="Sheikh Z">Z Sheikh</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Sima, C" uniqKey="Sima C">C Sima</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Glogauer, M" uniqKey="Glogauer M">M Glogauer</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Alghamdi, As" uniqKey="Alghamdi A">AS AlGhamdi</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Shibly, O" uniqKey="Shibly O">O Shibly</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ciancio, Sg" uniqKey="Ciancio S">SG Ciancio</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Shetty, V" uniqKey="Shetty V">V Shetty</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Han, Tj" uniqKey="Han T">TJ Han</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Sheikh, Z" uniqKey="Sheikh Z">Z Sheikh</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Geffers, M" uniqKey="Geffers M">M Geffers</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Christel, T" uniqKey="Christel T">T Christel</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Barralet, Je" uniqKey="Barralet J">JE Barralet</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Gbureck, U" uniqKey="Gbureck U">U Gbureck</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Wang, H" uniqKey="Wang H">H Wang</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Li, Y" uniqKey="Li Y">Y Li</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Zuo, Y" uniqKey="Zuo Y">Y Zuo</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Li, J" uniqKey="Li J">J Li</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ma, S" uniqKey="Ma S">S Ma</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Cheng, L" uniqKey="Cheng L">L Cheng</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Bagambisa, Fb" uniqKey="Bagambisa F">FB Bagambisa</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Joos, U" uniqKey="Joos U">U Joos</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Schilli, W" uniqKey="Schilli W">W Schilli</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Tevlin, R" uniqKey="Tevlin R">R Tevlin</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Mcardle, A" uniqKey="Mcardle A">A McArdle</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Atashroo, D" uniqKey="Atashroo D">D Atashroo</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Walmsley, Gg" uniqKey="Walmsley G">GG Walmsley</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Senarath Yapa, K" uniqKey="Senarath Yapa K">K Senarath-Yapa</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Zielins, Er" uniqKey="Zielins E">ER Zielins</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Jarcho, M" uniqKey="Jarcho M">M Jarcho</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="De Groot, K" uniqKey="De Groot K">K De Groot</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Osborn, J" uniqKey="Osborn J">J Osborn</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Newesely, H" uniqKey="Newesely H">H Newesely</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Klein, Cp" uniqKey="Klein C">CP Klein</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Driessen, Aa" uniqKey="Driessen A">AA Driessen</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="De Groot, K" uniqKey="De Groot K">K de Groot</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Van Den Hooff, A" uniqKey="Van Den Hooff A">A van den Hooff</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Rabalais, Ml" uniqKey="Rabalais M">ML Rabalais</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Yukna, Ra" uniqKey="Yukna R">RA Yukna</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Mayer, Et" uniqKey="Mayer E">ET Mayer</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Meffert, Rm" uniqKey="Meffert R">RM Meffert</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Thomas, Jr" uniqKey="Thomas J">JR Thomas</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Hamilton, Km" uniqKey="Hamilton K">KM Hamilton</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Brownstein, Cn" uniqKey="Brownstein C">CN Brownstein</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Ricci, Jl" uniqKey="Ricci J">JL Ricci</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Blumenthal, Nc" uniqKey="Blumenthal N">NC Blumenthal</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Spivak, Jm" uniqKey="Spivak J">JM Spivak</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Alexander, H" uniqKey="Alexander H">H Alexander</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Canullo, L" uniqKey="Canullo L">L Canullo</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Trisi, P" uniqKey="Trisi P">P Trisi</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Simion, M" uniqKey="Simion M">M Simion</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Sugar, Aw" uniqKey="Sugar A">AW Sugar</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Thielens, P" uniqKey="Thielens P">P Thielens</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Stafford, Gd" uniqKey="Stafford G">GD Stafford</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Willins, Mj" uniqKey="Willins M">MJ Willins</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Small, Sa" uniqKey="Small S">SA Small</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Zinner, Id" uniqKey="Zinner I">ID Zinner</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Panno, Fv" uniqKey="Panno F">FV Panno</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Shapiro, Hj" uniqKey="Shapiro H">HJ Shapiro</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Stein, Ji" uniqKey="Stein J">JI Stein</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Tamimi, F" uniqKey="Tamimi F">F Tamimi</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Sheikh, Z" uniqKey="Sheikh Z">Z Sheikh</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Barralet, J" uniqKey="Barralet J">J Barralet</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Lu, J" uniqKey="Lu J">J Lu</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Gallur, A" uniqKey="Gallur A">A Gallur</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Flautre, B" uniqKey="Flautre B">B Flautre</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Anselme, K" uniqKey="Anselme K">K Anselme</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Descamps, M" uniqKey="Descamps M">M Descamps</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Thierry, B" uniqKey="Thierry B">B Thierry</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Renooij, W" uniqKey="Renooij W">W Renooij</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Hoogendoorn, Ha" uniqKey="Hoogendoorn H">HA Hoogendoorn</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Visser, Wj" uniqKey="Visser W">WJ Visser</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Lentferink, Rh" uniqKey="Lentferink R">RH Lentferink</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Schmitz, Mg" uniqKey="Schmitz M">MG Schmitz</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Van Ieperen, H" uniqKey="Van Ieperen H">H Van Ieperen</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Nakajima, Y" uniqKey="Nakajima Y">Y Nakajima</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Fiorellini, Jp" uniqKey="Fiorellini J">JP Fiorellini</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Kim, Dm" uniqKey="Kim D">DM Kim</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Weber, Hp" uniqKey="Weber H">HP Weber</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Dent, M" uniqKey="Dent M">M Dent</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Stavropoulos, A" uniqKey="Stavropoulos A">A Stavropoulos</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Windisch, P" uniqKey="Windisch P">P Windisch</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Szendroi Kiss, D" uniqKey="Szendroi Kiss D">D Szendröi-Kiss</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Peter, R" uniqKey="Peter R">R Peter</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Gera, I" uniqKey="Gera I">I Gera</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Sculean, A" uniqKey="Sculean A">A Sculean</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Metsger, Ds" uniqKey="Metsger D">DS Metsger</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Driskell, T" uniqKey="Driskell T">T Driskell</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Paulsrud, J" uniqKey="Paulsrud J">J Paulsrud</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Shalash, Ma" uniqKey="Shalash M">MA Shalash</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Rahman, Ha" uniqKey="Rahman H">HA Rahman</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Azim, Aa" uniqKey="Azim A">AA Azim</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Neemat, Ah" uniqKey="Neemat A">AH Neemat</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Hawary, He" uniqKey="Hawary H">HE Hawary</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Nasry, Sa" uniqKey="Nasry S">SA Nasry</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Wang, S" uniqKey="Wang S">S Wang</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Zhang, Z" uniqKey="Zhang Z">Z Zhang</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Zhao, J" uniqKey="Zhao J">J Zhao</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Zhang, X" uniqKey="Zhang X">X Zhang</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Sun, X" uniqKey="Sun X">X Sun</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Xia, L" uniqKey="Xia L">L Xia</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Nyan, M" uniqKey="Nyan M">M Nyan</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Miyahara, T" uniqKey="Miyahara T">T Miyahara</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Noritake, K" uniqKey="Noritake K">K Noritake</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Hao, J" uniqKey="Hao J">J Hao</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Rodriguez, R" uniqKey="Rodriguez R">R Rodriguez</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Kasugai, S" uniqKey="Kasugai S">S Kasugai</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Schepers, E" uniqKey="Schepers E">E Schepers</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="De Clercq, M" uniqKey="De Clercq M">M de Clercq</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ducheyne, P" uniqKey="Ducheyne P">P Ducheyne</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Kempeneers, R" uniqKey="Kempeneers R">R Kempeneers</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Shue, L" uniqKey="Shue L">L Shue</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Yufeng, Z" uniqKey="Yufeng Z">Z Yufeng</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Mony, U" uniqKey="Mony U">U Mony</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Schepers, Ej" uniqKey="Schepers E">EJ Schepers</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ducheyne, P" uniqKey="Ducheyne P">P Ducheyne</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Hall, Ee" uniqKey="Hall E">EE Hall</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Meffert, Rm" uniqKey="Meffert R">RM Meffert</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Hermann, Js" uniqKey="Hermann J">JS Hermann</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Mellonig, Jt" uniqKey="Mellonig J">JT Mellonig</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Cochran, Dl" uniqKey="Cochran D">DL Cochran</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Xynos, Id" uniqKey="Xynos I">ID Xynos</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Edgar, Aj" uniqKey="Edgar A">AJ Edgar</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Buttery, Ld" uniqKey="Buttery L">LD Buttery</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Hench, Ll" uniqKey="Hench L">LL Hench</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Polak, Jm" uniqKey="Polak J">JM Polak</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Carvalho, Sm" uniqKey="Carvalho S">SM Carvalho</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Oliveira, Aa" uniqKey="Oliveira A">AA Oliveira</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Jardim, Ca" uniqKey="Jardim C">CA Jardim</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Melo, C" uniqKey="Melo C">C Melo</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Gomes, Da" uniqKey="Gomes D">DA Gomes</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Leite, M" uniqKey="Leite M">M Leite</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Nevins, Ml" uniqKey="Nevins M">ML Nevins</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Camelo, M" uniqKey="Camelo M">M Camelo</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Nevins, M" uniqKey="Nevins M">M Nevins</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="King, Cj" uniqKey="King C">CJ King</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Oringer, Rj" uniqKey="Oringer R">RJ Oringer</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Schenk, Rk" uniqKey="Schenk R">RK Schenk</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Knapp, Ci" uniqKey="Knapp C">CI Knapp</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Feuille, F" uniqKey="Feuille F">F Feuille</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Cochran, Dl" uniqKey="Cochran D">DL Cochran</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Mellonig, Jt" uniqKey="Mellonig J">JT Mellonig</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Tamimi, F" uniqKey="Tamimi F">F Tamimi</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Torres, J" uniqKey="Torres J">J Torres</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Lopez Cabarcos, E" uniqKey="Lopez Cabarcos E">E Lopez-Cabarcos</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Bassett, Dc" uniqKey="Bassett D">DC Bassett</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Habibovic, P" uniqKey="Habibovic P">P Habibovic</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Luceron, E" uniqKey="Luceron E">E Luceron</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Tamimi, F" uniqKey="Tamimi F">F Tamimi</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Torres, J" uniqKey="Torres J">J Torres</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Bassett, D" uniqKey="Bassett D">D Bassett</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Barralet, J" uniqKey="Barralet J">J Barralet</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Cabarcos, El" uniqKey="Cabarcos E">EL Cabarcos</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Sheikh, Z" uniqKey="Sheikh Z">Z Sheikh</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Drager, J" uniqKey="Drager J">J Drager</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Zhang, Yl" uniqKey="Zhang Y">YL Zhang</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Abdallah, Mn" uniqKey="Abdallah M">MN Abdallah</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Tamimi, F" uniqKey="Tamimi F">F Tamimi</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Barralet, J" uniqKey="Barralet J">J Barralet</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Gehrke, S" uniqKey="Gehrke S">S Gehrke</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Fama, G" uniqKey="Fama G">G Famà</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Tamimi, Fm" uniqKey="Tamimi F">FM Tamimi</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Torres, J" uniqKey="Torres J">J Torres</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Tresguerres, I" uniqKey="Tresguerres I">I Tresguerres</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Clemente, C" uniqKey="Clemente C">C Clemente</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Lopez Cabarcos, E" uniqKey="Lopez Cabarcos E">E Lopez-Cabarcos</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Blanco, Lj" uniqKey="Blanco L">LJ Blanco</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Sheikh, Z" uniqKey="Sheikh Z">Z Sheikh</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Zhang, Yl" uniqKey="Zhang Y">YL Zhang</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Grover, L" uniqKey="Grover L">L Grover</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Merle, G" uniqKey="Merle G">G Merle</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Tamimi, F" uniqKey="Tamimi F">F Tamimi</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Barralet, J" uniqKey="Barralet J">J Barralet</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Tamimi, F" uniqKey="Tamimi F">F Tamimi</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Torres, J" uniqKey="Torres J">J Torres</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Kathan, C" uniqKey="Kathan C">C Kathan</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Baca, R" uniqKey="Baca R">R Baca</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Clemente, C" uniqKey="Clemente C">C Clemente</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Blanco, L" uniqKey="Blanco L">L Blanco</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Sheikh, Z" uniqKey="Sheikh Z">Z Sheikh</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Zhang, Yl" uniqKey="Zhang Y">YL Zhang</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Tamimi, F" uniqKey="Tamimi F">F Tamimi</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Barralet, J" uniqKey="Barralet J">J Barralet</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Gbureck, U" uniqKey="Gbureck U">U Gbureck</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Holzel, T" uniqKey="Holzel T">T Hölzel</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Klammert, U" uniqKey="Klammert U">U Klammert</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Wurzler, K" uniqKey="Wurzler K">K Würzler</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Muller, Fa" uniqKey="Muller F">FA Müller</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Barralet, Je" uniqKey="Barralet J">JE Barralet</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Tamimi, F" uniqKey="Tamimi F">F Tamimi</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Le Nihouannen, D" uniqKey="Le Nihouannen D">D Le Nihouannen</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Eimar, H" uniqKey="Eimar H">H Eimar</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Sheikh, Z" uniqKey="Sheikh Z">Z Sheikh</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Komarova, S" uniqKey="Komarova S">S Komarova</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Barralet, J" uniqKey="Barralet J">J Barralet</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Idowu, B" uniqKey="Idowu B">B Idowu</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Cama, G" uniqKey="Cama G">G Cama</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Deb, S" uniqKey="Deb S">S Deb</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Di Silvio, L" uniqKey="Di Silvio L">L Di Silvio</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Grynpas, Md" uniqKey="Grynpas M">MD Grynpas</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Pilliar, Rm" uniqKey="Pilliar R">RM Pilliar</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Kandel, Ra" uniqKey="Kandel R">RA Kandel</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Renlund, R" uniqKey="Renlund R">R Renlund</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Filiaggi, M" uniqKey="Filiaggi M">M Filiaggi</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Dumitriu, M" uniqKey="Dumitriu M">M Dumitriu</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Pilliar, Rm" uniqKey="Pilliar R">RM Pilliar</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Filiaggi, Mj" uniqKey="Filiaggi M">MJ Filiaggi</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Wells, Jd" uniqKey="Wells J">JD Wells</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Grynpas, Md" uniqKey="Grynpas M">MD Grynpas</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Kandel, Ra" uniqKey="Kandel R">RA Kandel</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct></biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Chen, Xr" uniqKey="Chen X">XR Chen</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Bai, J" uniqKey="Bai J">J Bai</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Yuan, Sj" uniqKey="Yuan S">SJ Yuan</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Yu, Cx" uniqKey="Yu C">CX Yu</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Huang, J" uniqKey="Huang J">J Huang</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Zhang, Tl" uniqKey="Zhang T">TL Zhang</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Nelson, Sr" uniqKey="Nelson S">SR Nelson</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Wolford, Lm" uniqKey="Wolford L">LM Wolford</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Lagow, Rj" uniqKey="Lagow R">RJ Lagow</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Capano, Pj" uniqKey="Capano P">PJ Capano</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Davis, Wl" uniqKey="Davis W">WL Davis</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="El Sayegh, Ty" uniqKey="El Sayegh T">TY El Sayegh</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Pilliar, Rm" uniqKey="Pilliar R">RM Pilliar</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Mcculloch, Ca" uniqKey="Mcculloch C">CA McCulloch</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Wang, Fm" uniqKey="Wang F">FM Wang</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Qiu, K" uniqKey="Qiu K">K Qiu</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Hu, T" uniqKey="Hu T">T Hu</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Wan, Cx" uniqKey="Wan C">CX Wan</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Zhou, Xd" uniqKey="Zhou X">XD Zhou</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Gutmann, Jl" uniqKey="Gutmann J">JL Gutmann</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Moore, Wr" uniqKey="Moore W">WR Moore</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Graves, Se" uniqKey="Graves S">SE Graves</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Bain, Gi" uniqKey="Bain G">GI Bain</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Pecora, G" uniqKey="Pecora G">G Pecora</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Andreana, S" uniqKey="Andreana S">S Andreana</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Margarone, Je" uniqKey="Margarone J">JE Margarone</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Covani, U" uniqKey="Covani U">U Covani</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Sottosanti, Js" uniqKey="Sottosanti J">JS Sottosanti</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Paolantonio, M" uniqKey="Paolantonio M">M Paolantonio</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Perinetti, G" uniqKey="Perinetti G">G Perinetti</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Dolci, M" uniqKey="Dolci M">M Dolci</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Perfetti, G" uniqKey="Perfetti G">G Perfetti</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Tete, S" uniqKey="Tete S">S Tetè</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Sammartino, G" uniqKey="Sammartino G">G Sammartino</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Sukumar, S" uniqKey="Sukumar S">S Sukumar</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Drizhal, I" uniqKey="Drizhal I">I Drizhal</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Paulusova, V" uniqKey="Paulusova V">V Paulusová</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Bukac, J" uniqKey="Bukac J">J Bukac</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Maragos, P" uniqKey="Maragos P">P Maragos</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Bissada, Nf" uniqKey="Bissada N">NF Bissada</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Wang, R" uniqKey="Wang R">R Wang</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Cole, Bp" uniqKey="Cole B">BP Cole</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Linde, A" uniqKey="Linde A">A Linde</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Alberius, P" uniqKey="Alberius P">P Alberius</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Dahlin, C" uniqKey="Dahlin C">C Dahlin</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Bjurstam, K" uniqKey="Bjurstam K">K Bjurstam</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Sundin, Y" uniqKey="Sundin Y">Y Sundin</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Buser, D" uniqKey="Buser D">D Buser</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Dula, K" uniqKey="Dula K">K Dula</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Hess, D" uniqKey="Hess D">D Hess</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Hirt, Hp" uniqKey="Hirt H">HP Hirt</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Belser, Uc" uniqKey="Belser U">UC Belser</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Sheikh, Z" uniqKey="Sheikh Z">Z Sheikh</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Khan, As" uniqKey="Khan A">AS Khan</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Roohpour, N" uniqKey="Roohpour N">N Roohpour</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Glogauer, M" uniqKey="Glogauer M">M Glogauer</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Rehman, I" uniqKey="Rehman I">I Rehman</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Hardwick, R" uniqKey="Hardwick R">R Hardwick</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Dahlin, C" uniqKey="Dahlin C">C Dahlin</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Dahlin, C" uniqKey="Dahlin C">C Dahlin</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Linde, A" uniqKey="Linde A">A Linde</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Gottlow, J" uniqKey="Gottlow J">J Gottlow</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Nyman, S" uniqKey="Nyman S">S Nyman</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Hardwick, R" uniqKey="Hardwick R">R Hardwick</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Dahlin, C" uniqKey="Dahlin C">C Dahlin</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct></biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Nyman, S" uniqKey="Nyman S">S Nyman</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Lindhe, J" uniqKey="Lindhe J">J Lindhe</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Karring, T" uniqKey="Karring T">T Karring</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Rylander, H" uniqKey="Rylander H">H Rylander</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Hurley, La" uniqKey="Hurley L">LA Hurley</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Stinchfield, Fe" uniqKey="Stinchfield F">FE Stinchfield</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Bassett, Cal" uniqKey="Bassett C">CAL Bassett</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Lyon, Wh" uniqKey="Lyon W">WH Lyon</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Gottlow, J" uniqKey="Gottlow J">J Gottlow</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Nyman, S" uniqKey="Nyman S">S Nyman</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Lindhe, J" uniqKey="Lindhe J">J Lindhe</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Karring, T" uniqKey="Karring T">T Karring</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Wennstrom, J" uniqKey="Wennstrom J">J Wennström</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Magnusson, I" uniqKey="Magnusson I">I Magnusson</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Batich, C" uniqKey="Batich C">C Batich</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Collins, B" uniqKey="Collins B">B Collins</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Aukhil, I" uniqKey="Aukhil I">I Aukhil</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Simpson, D" uniqKey="Simpson D">D Simpson</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Schaberg, T" uniqKey="Schaberg T">T Schaberg</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Tatakis, Dn" uniqKey="Tatakis D">DN Tatakis</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Promsudthi, A" uniqKey="Promsudthi A">A Promsudthi</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Wikesjo, Um" uniqKey="Wikesjo U">UM Wikesjö</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Murphy, Kg" uniqKey="Murphy K">KG Murphy</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="H Mmerle, Ch" uniqKey="H Mmerle C">CH Hämmerle</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Jung, Re" uniqKey="Jung R">RE Jung</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Hardwick, R" uniqKey="Hardwick R">R Hardwick</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Hayes, Bk" uniqKey="Hayes B">BK Hayes</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Flynn, C" uniqKey="Flynn C">C Flynn</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Deshpande, S" uniqKey="Deshpande S">S Deshpande</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Deshmukh, J" uniqKey="Deshmukh J">J Deshmukh</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Deshpande, S" uniqKey="Deshpande S">S Deshpande</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Khatri, R" uniqKey="Khatri R">R Khatri</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Deshpande, S" uniqKey="Deshpande S">S Deshpande</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Boyne, Pj" uniqKey="Boyne P">PJ Boyne</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Cole, Md" uniqKey="Cole M">MD Cole</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Stringer, D" uniqKey="Stringer D">D Stringer</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Shafqat, Jp" uniqKey="Shafqat J">JP Shafqat</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Degidi, M" uniqKey="Degidi M">M Degidi</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Scarano, A" uniqKey="Scarano A">A Scarano</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Piattelli, A" uniqKey="Piattelli A">A Piattelli</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Wang, Rr" uniqKey="Wang R">RR Wang</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Fenton, A" uniqKey="Fenton A">A Fenton</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Her, S" uniqKey="Her S">S Her</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Kang, T" uniqKey="Kang T">T Kang</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Fien, Mj" uniqKey="Fien M">MJ Fien</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Von Arx, T" uniqKey="Von Arx T">T von Arx</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Hardt, N" uniqKey="Hardt N">N Hardt</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Wallkamm, B" uniqKey="Wallkamm B">B Wallkamm</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Becker, W" uniqKey="Becker W">W Becker</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Becker, Be" uniqKey="Becker B">BE Becker</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Mellonig, J" uniqKey="Mellonig J">J Mellonig</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Caffesse, Rg" uniqKey="Caffesse R">RG Caffesse</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Warrer, K" uniqKey="Warrer K">K Warrer</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Caton, Jg" uniqKey="Caton J">JG Caton</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Proussaefs, P" uniqKey="Proussaefs P">P Proussaefs</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Lozada, J" uniqKey="Lozada J">J Lozada</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Spassova, E" uniqKey="Spassova E">E Spassova</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Watzinger, F" uniqKey="Watzinger F">F Watzinger</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ewers, R" uniqKey="Ewers R">R Ewers</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Malchiodi, L" uniqKey="Malchiodi L">L Malchiodi</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Scarano, A" uniqKey="Scarano A">A Scarano</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Quaranta, M" uniqKey="Quaranta M">M Quaranta</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Piattelli, A" uniqKey="Piattelli A">A Piattelli</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Corinaldesi, G" uniqKey="Corinaldesi G">G Corinaldesi</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Pieri, F" uniqKey="Pieri F">F Pieri</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Sapigni, L" uniqKey="Sapigni L">L Sapigni</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Marchetti, C" uniqKey="Marchetti C">C Marchetti</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Weng, D" uniqKey="Weng D">D Weng</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Hurzeler, Mb" uniqKey="Hurzeler M">MB Hürzeler</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Qui Ones, Cr" uniqKey="Qui Ones C">CR Quiñones</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ohlms, A" uniqKey="Ohlms A">A Ohlms</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Caffesse, Rg" uniqKey="Caffesse R">RG Caffesse</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Linde, A" uniqKey="Linde A">A Linde</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Thoren, C" uniqKey="Thoren C">C Thorén</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Dahlin, C" uniqKey="Dahlin C">C Dahlin</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Sandberg, E" uniqKey="Sandberg E">E Sandberg</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Rakhmatia, Yd" uniqKey="Rakhmatia Y">YD Rakhmatia</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ayukawa, Y" uniqKey="Ayukawa Y">Y Ayukawa</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Furuhashi, A" uniqKey="Furuhashi A">A Furuhashi</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Koyano, K" uniqKey="Koyano K">K Koyano</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Sculean, A" uniqKey="Sculean A">A Sculean</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Nikolidakis, D" uniqKey="Nikolidakis D">D Nikolidakis</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Schwarz, F" uniqKey="Schwarz F">F Schwarz</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Kempczinski, Rf" uniqKey="Kempczinski R">RF Kempczinski</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Rosenman, Je" uniqKey="Rosenman J">JE Rosenman</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Pearce, Wh" uniqKey="Pearce W">WH Pearce</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Roedersheimer, Lr" uniqKey="Roedersheimer L">LR Roedersheimer</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Berlatzky, Y" uniqKey="Berlatzky Y">Y Berlatzky</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ramalanjaona, G" uniqKey="Ramalanjaona G">G Ramalanjaona</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Bauer, Jj" uniqKey="Bauer J">JJ Bauer</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Salky, Ba" uniqKey="Salky B">BA Salky</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Gelernt, Im" uniqKey="Gelernt I">IM Gelernt</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Kreel, I" uniqKey="Kreel I">I Kreel</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Piattelli, A" uniqKey="Piattelli A">A Piattelli</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Scarano, A" uniqKey="Scarano A">A Scarano</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Russo, P" uniqKey="Russo P">P Russo</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Matarasso, S" uniqKey="Matarasso S">S Matarasso</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Scantlebury, Tv" uniqKey="Scantlebury T">TV Scantlebury</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Ronda, M" uniqKey="Ronda M">M Ronda</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Rebaudi, A" uniqKey="Rebaudi A">A Rebaudi</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Torelli, L" uniqKey="Torelli L">L Torelli</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Stacchi, C" uniqKey="Stacchi C">C Stacchi</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Jovanovic, Sa" uniqKey="Jovanovic S">SA Jovanovic</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Nevins, M" uniqKey="Nevins M">M Nevins</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Hurzeler, M" uniqKey="Hurzeler M">M Hürzeler</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Strub, J" uniqKey="Strub J">J Strub</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Lundgren, D" uniqKey="Lundgren D">D Lundgren</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Sennerby, L" uniqKey="Sennerby L">L Sennerby</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Falk, H" uniqKey="Falk H">H Falk</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Friberg, B" uniqKey="Friberg B">B Friberg</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Nyman, S" uniqKey="Nyman S">S Nyman</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Nobreus, N" uniqKey="Nobreus N">N Nobréus</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Attstrom, R" uniqKey="Attstrom R">R Attström</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Linde, A" uniqKey="Linde A">A Linde</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct></biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Winet, H" uniqKey="Winet H">H Winet</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Hollinger, J" uniqKey="Hollinger J">J Hollinger</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Suganuma, J" uniqKey="Suganuma J">J Suganuma</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Alexander, H" uniqKey="Alexander H">H Alexander</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Simion, M" uniqKey="Simion M">M Simion</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Scarano, A" uniqKey="Scarano A">A Scarano</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Gionso, L" uniqKey="Gionso L">L Gionso</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Piattelli, A" uniqKey="Piattelli A">A Piattelli</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Parodi, R" uniqKey="Parodi R">R Parodi</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Santarelli, G" uniqKey="Santarelli G">G Santarelli</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Carusi, G" uniqKey="Carusi G">G Carusi</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Avera, Sp" uniqKey="Avera S">SP Avera</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Stampley, Wa" uniqKey="Stampley W">WA Stampley</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Mcallister, Bs" uniqKey="Mcallister B">BS McAllister</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Gotfredsen, K" uniqKey="Gotfredsen K">K Gotfredsen</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Nimb, L" uniqKey="Nimb L">L Nimb</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Hj Rting Ansen, E" uniqKey="Hj Rting Ansen E">E Hjørting‐hansen</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Bunyaratavej, P" uniqKey="Bunyaratavej P">P Bunyaratavej</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Wang, H L" uniqKey="Wang H">H-L Wang</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Behring, J" uniqKey="Behring J">J Behring</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Junker, R" uniqKey="Junker R">R Junker</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Walboomers, Xf" uniqKey="Walboomers X">XF Walboomers</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Chessnut, B" uniqKey="Chessnut B">B Chessnut</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Jansen, Ja" uniqKey="Jansen J">JA Jansen</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Lee, C" uniqKey="Lee C">C Lee</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Grodzinsky, A" uniqKey="Grodzinsky A">A Grodzinsky</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Spector, M" uniqKey="Spector M">M Spector</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Wang, H L" uniqKey="Wang H">H-L Wang</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Carroll, M" uniqKey="Carroll M">M Carroll</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Li, S T" uniqKey="Li S">S-T Li</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Chen, H C" uniqKey="Chen H">H-C Chen</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Lee, Ns" uniqKey="Lee N">NS Lee</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ringshia, R" uniqKey="Ringshia R">R Ringshia</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Yuen, D" uniqKey="Yuen D">D Yuen</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Schliephake, H" uniqKey="Schliephake H">H Schliephake</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Neukam, F" uniqKey="Neukam F">F Neukam</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Hutmacher, D" uniqKey="Hutmacher D">D Hutmacher</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Becker, J" uniqKey="Becker J">J Becker</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Oh, Tj" uniqKey="Oh T">TJ Oh</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Meraw, Sj" uniqKey="Meraw S">SJ Meraw</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Lee, Ej" uniqKey="Lee E">EJ Lee</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Giannobile, Wv" uniqKey="Giannobile W">WV Giannobile</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Wang, Hl" uniqKey="Wang H">HL Wang</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Lee, S W" uniqKey="Lee S">S-W Lee</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Kim, S G" uniqKey="Kim S">S-G Kim</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Vert, M" uniqKey="Vert M">M Vert</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Vert, M" uniqKey="Vert M">M Vert</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Li, S" uniqKey="Li S">S Li</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Spenlehauer, G" uniqKey="Spenlehauer G">G Spenlehauer</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Guerin, P" uniqKey="Guerin P">P Guérin</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Minabe, M" uniqKey="Minabe M">M Minabe</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Jepsen, S" uniqKey="Jepsen S">S Jepsen</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Eberhard, J" uniqKey="Eberhard J">J Eberhard</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Herrera, D" uniqKey="Herrera D">D Herrera</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Needleman, I" uniqKey="Needleman I">I Needleman</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Kweon, D K" uniqKey="Kweon D">D-K Kweon</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Song, S B" uniqKey="Song S">S-B Song</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Park, Y Y" uniqKey="Park Y">Y-Y Park</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Kumar, Mnr" uniqKey="Kumar M">MNR Kumar</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Xu, C" uniqKey="Xu C">C Xu</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Lei, C" uniqKey="Lei C">C Lei</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Meng, L" uniqKey="Meng L">L Meng</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Wang, C" uniqKey="Wang C">C Wang</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Song, Y" uniqKey="Song Y">Y Song</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Yeo, Yj" uniqKey="Yeo Y">YJ Yeo</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Jeon, Dw" uniqKey="Jeon D">DW Jeon</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Kim, Cs" uniqKey="Kim C">CS Kim</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Choi, Sh" uniqKey="Choi S">SH Choi</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Cho, Ks" uniqKey="Cho K">KS Cho</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Lee, Yk" uniqKey="Lee Y">YK Lee</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Tanner, Mg" uniqKey="Tanner M">MG Tanner</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Solt, Cw" uniqKey="Solt C">CW Solt</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Vuddhakanok, S" uniqKey="Vuddhakanok S">S Vuddhakanok</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Caton, J" uniqKey="Caton J">J Caton</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Greenstein, G" uniqKey="Greenstein G">G Greenstein</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Zappa, U" uniqKey="Zappa U">U Zappa</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Israelachvili, J" uniqKey="Israelachvili J">J Israelachvili</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Wennerstrom, H" uniqKey="Wennerstrom H">H Wennerström</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Rapiey, J" uniqKey="Rapiey J">J Rapiey</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Nechamkin, Sj" uniqKey="Nechamkin S">SJ Nechamkin</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ringeisen, Ta" uniqKey="Ringeisen T">TA Ringeisen</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Derhaili, M" uniqKey="Derhaili M">M Derhaili</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Brekke, J" uniqKey="Brekke J">J Brekke</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Milella, E" uniqKey="Milella E">E Milella</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ramires, P" uniqKey="Ramires P">P Ramires</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Brescia, E" uniqKey="Brescia E">E Brescia</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="La Sala, G" uniqKey="La Sala G">G La Sala</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Di Paola, L" uniqKey="Di Paola L">L Di Paola</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Bruno, V" uniqKey="Bruno V">V Bruno</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Coonts, B" uniqKey="Coonts B">B Coonts</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Whitman, S" uniqKey="Whitman S">S Whitman</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="O Onnell, M" uniqKey="O Onnell M">M O’Donnell</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Polson, A" uniqKey="Polson A">A Polson</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Bogle, G" uniqKey="Bogle G">G Bogle</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Garrett, S" uniqKey="Garrett S">S Garrett</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Simion, M" uniqKey="Simion M">M Simion</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Misitano, U" uniqKey="Misitano U">U Misitano</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Gionso, L" uniqKey="Gionso L">L Gionso</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Salvato, A" uniqKey="Salvato A">A Salvato</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Aurer, A" uniqKey="Aurer A">A Aurer</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Jorgie Srdjak, K" uniqKey="Jorgie Srdjak K">K Jorgie-Srdjak</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Sakall O Lu, U" uniqKey="Sakall O Lu U">U Sakallıoğlu</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Yavuz, U" uniqKey="Yavuz U">Ü Yavuz</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Lutfio Lu, M" uniqKey="Lutfio Lu M">M Lütfioğlu</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Keskiner, I" uniqKey="Keskiner I">I Keskiner</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ac Kgoz, G" uniqKey="Ac Kgoz G">G Açıkgöz</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Nygaard Tby, P" uniqKey="Nygaard Tby P">P Nygaard‐Østby</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Bakke, V" uniqKey="Bakke V">V Bakke</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Nesdal, O" uniqKey="Nesdal O">O Nesdal</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Susin, C" uniqKey="Susin C">C Susin</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Wikesjo, Um" uniqKey="Wikesjo U">UM Wikesjö</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Araujo, M" uniqKey="Araujo M">M Araujo</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Berglundh, T" uniqKey="Berglundh T">T Berglundh</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Lindhe, J" uniqKey="Lindhe J">J Lindhe</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Taddei, P" uniqKey="Taddei P">P Taddei</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Monti, P" uniqKey="Monti P">P Monti</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Simoni, R" uniqKey="Simoni R">R Simoni</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Park, Yj" uniqKey="Park Y">YJ Park</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Nam, Kh" uniqKey="Nam K">KH Nam</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ha, Sj" uniqKey="Ha S">SJ Ha</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Pai, Cm" uniqKey="Pai C">CM Pai</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Chung, Cp" uniqKey="Chung C">CP Chung</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Lee, Sj" uniqKey="Lee S">SJ Lee</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Dorfer, Ce" uniqKey="Dorfer C">CE Dörfer</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Kim, Ts" uniqKey="Kim T">TS Kim</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Steinbrenner, H" uniqKey="Steinbrenner H">H Steinbrenner</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Holle, R" uniqKey="Holle R">R Holle</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Eickholz, P" uniqKey="Eickholz P">P Eickholz</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct></biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Lieberman, Jr" uniqKey="Lieberman J">JR Lieberman</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Daluiski, A" uniqKey="Daluiski A">A Daluiski</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Stevenson, S" uniqKey="Stevenson S">S Stevenson</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Wu, L" uniqKey="Wu L">L Wu</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Mcallister, P" uniqKey="Mcallister P">P McAllister</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Lee, Yp" uniqKey="Lee Y">YP Lee</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Breitbart, As" uniqKey="Breitbart A">AS Breitbart</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Grande, Da" uniqKey="Grande D">DA Grande</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Mason, Jm" uniqKey="Mason J">JM Mason</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Barcia, M" uniqKey="Barcia M">M Barcia</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="James, T" uniqKey="James T">T James</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Grant, Rt" uniqKey="Grant R">RT Grant</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Ishaug, Sl" uniqKey="Ishaug S">SL Ishaug</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Yaszemski, Mj" uniqKey="Yaszemski M">MJ Yaszemski</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Bizios, R" uniqKey="Bizios R">R Bizios</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Mikos, Ag" uniqKey="Mikos A">AG Mikos</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Malekzadeh, R" uniqKey="Malekzadeh R">R Malekzadeh</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Hollinger, Jo" uniqKey="Hollinger J">JO Hollinger</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Buck, D" uniqKey="Buck D">D Buck</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Adams, Df" uniqKey="Adams D">DF Adams</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Mcallister, Bs" uniqKey="Mcallister B">BS McAllister</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Freed, Le" uniqKey="Freed L">LE Freed</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Marquis, Jc" uniqKey="Marquis J">JC Marquis</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Nohria, A" uniqKey="Nohria A">A Nohria</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Emmanual, J" uniqKey="Emmanual J">J Emmanual</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Mikos, Ag" uniqKey="Mikos A">AG Mikos</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Langer, R" uniqKey="Langer R">R Langer</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="De Kok, Ij" uniqKey="De Kok I">IJ De Kok</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Drapeau, Sj" uniqKey="Drapeau S">SJ Drapeau</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Young, R" uniqKey="Young R">R Young</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Cooper, Lf" uniqKey="Cooper L">LF Cooper</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Bruder, Sp" uniqKey="Bruder S">SP Bruder</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Kraus, Kh" uniqKey="Kraus K">KH Kraus</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Goldberg, Vm" uniqKey="Goldberg V">VM Goldberg</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Kadiyala, S" uniqKey="Kadiyala S">S Kadiyala</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Miron, Rj" uniqKey="Miron R">RJ Miron</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Sculean, A" uniqKey="Sculean A">A Sculean</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Cochran, Dl" uniqKey="Cochran D">DL Cochran</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Froum, S" uniqKey="Froum S">S Froum</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Zucchelli, G" uniqKey="Zucchelli G">G Zucchelli</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Nemcovsky, C" uniqKey="Nemcovsky C">C Nemcovsky</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Yukna, Ra" uniqKey="Yukna R">RA Yukna</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Mellonig, Jt" uniqKey="Mellonig J">JT Mellonig</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Hoffmann, T" uniqKey="Hoffmann T">T Hoffmann</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Al Machot, E" uniqKey="Al Machot E">E Al-Machot</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Meyle, J" uniqKey="Meyle J">J Meyle</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Jerv E Storm, P M" uniqKey="Jerv E Storm P">P-M Jervøe-Storm</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Jepsen, S" uniqKey="Jepsen S">S Jepsen</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Heijl, L" uniqKey="Heijl L">L Heijl</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Kao, Rt" uniqKey="Kao R">RT Kao</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Nares, S" uniqKey="Nares S">S Nares</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Reynolds, Ma" uniqKey="Reynolds M">MA Reynolds</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Sykaras, N" uniqKey="Sykaras N">N Sykaras</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Opperman, La" uniqKey="Opperman L">LA Opperman</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Sheikh, Z" uniqKey="Sheikh Z">Z Sheikh</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Javaid, Ma" uniqKey="Javaid M">MA Javaid</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Hamdan, N" uniqKey="Hamdan N">N Hamdan</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Hashmi, R" uniqKey="Hashmi R">R Hashmi</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Edmunds, Rk" uniqKey="Edmunds R">RK Edmunds</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Mealey, Bl" uniqKey="Mealey B">BL Mealey</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Mills, Mp" uniqKey="Mills M">MP Mills</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Thoma, Ds" uniqKey="Thoma D">DS Thoma</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Schoolfield, J" uniqKey="Schoolfield J">J Schoolfield</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Cochran, Dl" uniqKey="Cochran D">DL Cochran</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Katanec, D" uniqKey="Katanec D">D Katanec</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Granic, M" uniqKey="Granic M">M Granic</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Majstorovic, M" uniqKey="Majstorovic M">M Majstorovic</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Trampus, Z" uniqKey="Trampus Z">Z Trampus</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Panduric, Dg" uniqKey="Panduric D">DG Panduric</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Kim, Yj" uniqKey="Kim Y">YJ Kim</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Lee, Jy" uniqKey="Lee J">JY Lee</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Kim, Je" uniqKey="Kim J">JE Kim</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Park, Jc" uniqKey="Park J">JC Park</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Shin, Sw" uniqKey="Shin S">SW Shin</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Cho, Ks" uniqKey="Cho K">KS Cho</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct></biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Rao, Sm" uniqKey="Rao S">SM Rao</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ugale, Gm" uniqKey="Ugale G">GM Ugale</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Warad, Sb" uniqKey="Warad S">SB Warad</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Ripamonti, U" uniqKey="Ripamonti U">U Ripamonti</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Heliotis, M" uniqKey="Heliotis M">M Heliotis</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Heever, B" uniqKey="Heever B">B Heever</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Reddi, Ah" uniqKey="Reddi A">AH Reddi</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Sigurdsson, Tj" uniqKey="Sigurdsson T">TJ Sigurdsson</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Nygaard, L" uniqKey="Nygaard L">L Nygaard</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Tatakis, Dn" uniqKey="Tatakis D">DN Tatakis</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Fu, E" uniqKey="Fu E">E Fu</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Turek, Tj" uniqKey="Turek T">TJ Turek</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Jin, L" uniqKey="Jin L">L Jin</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Lo, Kw H" uniqKey="Lo K">KW-H Lo</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ulery, Bd" uniqKey="Ulery B">BD Ulery</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ashe, Km" uniqKey="Ashe K">KM Ashe</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Laurencin, Ct" uniqKey="Laurencin C">CT Laurencin</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Fiorellini, Jp" uniqKey="Fiorellini J">JP Fiorellini</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Howell, Th" uniqKey="Howell T">TH Howell</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Cochran, D" uniqKey="Cochran D">D Cochran</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Malmquist, J" uniqKey="Malmquist J">J Malmquist</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Lilly, Lc" uniqKey="Lilly L">LC Lilly</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Spagnoli, D" uniqKey="Spagnoli D">D Spagnoli</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Ye, L" uniqKey="Ye L">L Ye</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Bokobza, Sm" uniqKey="Bokobza S">SM Bokobza</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Jiang, Wg" uniqKey="Jiang W">WG Jiang</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Yoshikawa, H" uniqKey="Yoshikawa H">H Yoshikawa</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Nakase, T" uniqKey="Nakase T">T Nakase</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Myoui, A" uniqKey="Myoui A">A Myoui</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ueda, T" uniqKey="Ueda T">T Ueda</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Jin, Y" uniqKey="Jin Y">Y Jin</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Tipoe, G" uniqKey="Tipoe G">G Tipoe</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Liong, E" uniqKey="Liong E">E Liong</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Lau, T" uniqKey="Lau T">T Lau</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Fung, P" uniqKey="Fung P">P Fung</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Leung, Km" uniqKey="Leung K">KM Leung</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Geiger, M" uniqKey="Geiger M">M Geiger</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Li, R" uniqKey="Li R">R Li</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Friess, W" uniqKey="Friess W">W Friess</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Marx, Re" uniqKey="Marx R">RE Marx</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Cabbar, F" uniqKey="Cabbar F">F Cabbar</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Guler, N" uniqKey="Guler N">N Guler</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Kurkcu, M" uniqKey="Kurkcu M">M Kurkcu</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Iseri, U" uniqKey="Iseri U">U Iseri</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Sencift, K" uniqKey="Sencift K">K Sencift</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Eskan, Ma" uniqKey="Eskan M">MA Eskan</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Greenwell, H" uniqKey="Greenwell H">H Greenwell</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Hill, M" uniqKey="Hill M">M Hill</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Morton, D" uniqKey="Morton D">D Morton</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Vidal, R" uniqKey="Vidal R">R Vidal</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Shumway, B" uniqKey="Shumway B">B Shumway</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Khairy, Nm" uniqKey="Khairy N">NM Khairy</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Shendy, Ee" uniqKey="Shendy E">EE Shendy</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Askar, Na" uniqKey="Askar N">NA Askar</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="El Rouby, Dh" uniqKey="El Rouby D">DH El-Rouby</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Plachokova, As" uniqKey="Plachokova A">AS Plachokova</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Nikolidakis, D" uniqKey="Nikolidakis D">D Nikolidakis</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Mulder, J" uniqKey="Mulder J">J Mulder</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Jansen, Ja" uniqKey="Jansen J">JA Jansen</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Creugers, Nh" uniqKey="Creugers N">NH Creugers</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Marx, Re" uniqKey="Marx R">RE Marx</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Carlson, Er" uniqKey="Carlson E">ER Carlson</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Eichstaedt, Rm" uniqKey="Eichstaedt R">RM Eichstaedt</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Schimmele, Sr" uniqKey="Schimmele S">SR Schimmele</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Strauss, Je" uniqKey="Strauss J">JE Strauss</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Georgeff, Kr" uniqKey="Georgeff K">KR Georgeff</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Fennis, J" uniqKey="Fennis J">J Fennis</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Stoelinga, P" uniqKey="Stoelinga P">P Stoelinga</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Jansen, J" uniqKey="Jansen J">J Jansen</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Kassolis, Jd" uniqKey="Kassolis J">JD Kassolis</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Reynolds, Ma" uniqKey="Reynolds M">MA Reynolds</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Camargo, Pm" uniqKey="Camargo P">PM Camargo</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Lekovic, V" uniqKey="Lekovic V">V Lekovic</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Weinlaender, M" uniqKey="Weinlaender M">M Weinlaender</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Vasilic, N" uniqKey="Vasilic N">N Vasilic</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Madzarevic, M" uniqKey="Madzarevic M">M Madzarevic</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Kenney, Eb" uniqKey="Kenney E">EB Kenney</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Lekovic, V" uniqKey="Lekovic V">V Lekovic</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Camargo, Pm" uniqKey="Camargo P">PM Camargo</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Weinlaender, M" uniqKey="Weinlaender M">M Weinlaender</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Vasilic, N" uniqKey="Vasilic N">N Vasilic</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Aleksic, Z" uniqKey="Aleksic Z">Z Aleksic</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Kenney, Eb" uniqKey="Kenney E">EB Kenney</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Nikolidakis, D" uniqKey="Nikolidakis D">D Nikolidakis</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Dolder, Jvd" uniqKey="Dolder J">JVD Dolder</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Wolke, Jg" uniqKey="Wolke J">JG Wolke</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Stoelinga, Pj" uniqKey="Stoelinga P">PJ Stoelinga</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Jansen, Ja" uniqKey="Jansen J">JA Jansen</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Rosell Camps, A" uniqKey="Rosell Camps A">À Roselló-Camps</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Monje, A" uniqKey="Monje A">A Monje</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Lin, G H" uniqKey="Lin G">G-H Lin</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Khoshkam, V" uniqKey="Khoshkam V">V Khoshkam</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Chavez Gatty, M" uniqKey="Chavez Gatty M">M Chávez-Gatty</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Wang, H L" uniqKey="Wang H">H-L Wang</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Peltola, Sm" uniqKey="Peltola S">SM Peltola</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Melchels, Fp" uniqKey="Melchels F">FP Melchels</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Grijpma, Dw" uniqKey="Grijpma D">DW Grijpma</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Kellom Ki, M" uniqKey="Kellom Ki M">M Kellomäki</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Ivanovski, S" uniqKey="Ivanovski S">S Ivanovski</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Vaquette, C" uniqKey="Vaquette C">C Vaquette</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Gronthos, S" uniqKey="Gronthos S">S Gronthos</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Hutmacher, D" uniqKey="Hutmacher D">D Hutmacher</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Bartold, P" uniqKey="Bartold P">P Bartold</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Rasperini, G" uniqKey="Rasperini G">G Rasperini</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Pilipchuk, S" uniqKey="Pilipchuk S">S Pilipchuk</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Flanagan, C" uniqKey="Flanagan C">C Flanagan</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Park, C" uniqKey="Park C">C Park</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Pagni, G" uniqKey="Pagni G">G Pagni</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Hollister, S" uniqKey="Hollister S">S Hollister</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Chia, Hn" uniqKey="Chia H">HN Chia</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Wu, Bm" uniqKey="Wu B">BM Wu</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Park, Ch" uniqKey="Park C">CH Park</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Rios, Hf" uniqKey="Rios H">HF Rios</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Jin, Q" uniqKey="Jin Q">Q Jin</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Sugai, Jv" uniqKey="Sugai J">JV Sugai</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Padial Molina, M" uniqKey="Padial Molina M">M Padial-Molina</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Taut, Ad" uniqKey="Taut A">AD Taut</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Peter, S" uniqKey="Peter S">S Peter</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Miller, Mj" uniqKey="Miller M">MJ Miller</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Yasko, A" uniqKey="Yasko A">A Yasko</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Yaszemski, Mj" uniqKey="Yaszemski M">MJ Yaszemski</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Mikos, A" uniqKey="Mikos A">A Mikos</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Hutmacher, Dw" uniqKey="Hutmacher D">DW Hutmacher</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Park, C" uniqKey="Park C">C Park</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Kim, K" uniqKey="Kim K">K Kim</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Rios, H" uniqKey="Rios H">H Rios</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Lee, Y" uniqKey="Lee Y">Y Lee</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Giannobile, W" uniqKey="Giannobile W">W Giannobile</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Seol, Y" uniqKey="Seol Y">Y Seol</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Wikesjo, Um" uniqKey="Wikesjo U">UM Wikesjö</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Nilveus, Re" uniqKey="Nilveus R">RE Nilvéus</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Selvig, Ka" uniqKey="Selvig K">KA Selvig</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Yajima Himuro, S" uniqKey="Yajima Himuro S">S Yajima-Himuro</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Oshima, M" uniqKey="Oshima M">M Oshima</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Yamamoto, G" uniqKey="Yamamoto G">G Yamamoto</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ogawa, M" uniqKey="Ogawa M">M Ogawa</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Furuya, M" uniqKey="Furuya M">M Furuya</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Tanaka, J" uniqKey="Tanaka J">J Tanaka</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Sugisawa, M" uniqKey="Sugisawa M">M Sugisawa</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Masaoka, T" uniqKey="Masaoka T">T Masaoka</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Enokiya, Y" uniqKey="Enokiya Y">Y Enokiya</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Muramatsu, T" uniqKey="Muramatsu T">T Muramatsu</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Hashimoto, S" uniqKey="Hashimoto S">S Hashimoto</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Yamada, S" uniqKey="Yamada S">S Yamada</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Cochran, Dl" uniqKey="Cochran D">DL Cochran</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Cobb, Cm" uniqKey="Cobb C">CM Cobb</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Bashutski, Jd" uniqKey="Bashutski J">JD Bashutski</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Chun, Y Hp" uniqKey="Chun Y">Y-HP Chun</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Lin, Z" uniqKey="Lin Z">Z Lin</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Mandelaris, Ga" uniqKey="Mandelaris G">GA Mandelaris</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Ceccarelli, G" uniqKey="Ceccarelli G">G Ceccarelli</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Presta, R" uniqKey="Presta R">R Presta</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Benedetti, L" uniqKey="Benedetti L">L Benedetti</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Cusella De Angelis, Mg" uniqKey="Cusella De Angelis M">MG Cusella De Angelis</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Lupi, Sm" uniqKey="Lupi S">SM Lupi</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Rodriguez Y Baena, R" uniqKey="Rodriguez Y Baena R">R Rodriguez y Baena</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Wang, H L" uniqKey="Wang H">H-L Wang</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Macneil, Rl" uniqKey="Macneil R">RL MacNeil</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
</listBibl>
</div1>
</back>
</TEI>
<pmc article-type="review-article"><pmc-dir>properties open_access</pmc-dir>
<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Biomater Res</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">Biomater Res</journal-id>
<journal-title-group><journal-title>Biomaterials Research</journal-title>
</journal-title-group>
<issn pub-type="epub">2055-7124</issn>
<publisher><publisher-name>BioMed Central</publisher-name>
<publisher-loc>London</publisher-loc>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">28593053</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="pmc">5460509</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">95</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1186/s40824-017-0095-5</article-id>
<article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Review</subject>
</subj-group>
</article-categories>
<title-group><article-title>Natural graft tissues and synthetic biomaterials for periodontal and alveolar bone reconstructive applications: a review</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes" equal-contrib="yes"><name><surname>Sheikh</surname>
<given-names>Zeeshan</given-names>
</name>
<address><email>zeeshan.sheikh@utoronto.ca</email>
</address>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff1">1</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff2">2</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" equal-contrib="yes"><name><surname>Hamdan</surname>
<given-names>Nader</given-names>
</name>
<address><email>nd390580@dal.ca</email>
</address>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff3">3</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Ikeda</surname>
<given-names>Yuichi</given-names>
</name>
<address><email>ikeda.peri@tmd.ac.jp</email>
</address>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff1">1</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff4">4</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Grynpas</surname>
<given-names>Marc</given-names>
</name>
<address><email>GRYNPAS@lunenfeld.ca</email>
</address>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff2">2</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Ganss</surname>
<given-names>Bernhard</given-names>
</name>
<address><email>b.ganss@utoronto.ca</email>
</address>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff1">1</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Glogauer</surname>
<given-names>Michael</given-names>
</name>
<address><email>Michael.Glogauer@utoronto.ca</email>
</address>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff1">1</xref>
</contrib>
<aff id="Aff1"><label>1</label>
<institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0001 2157 2938</institution-id>
<institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.17063.33</institution-id>
<institution>Matrix Dynamics Group, Faculty of Dentistry,</institution>
<institution>University of Toronto,</institution>
</institution-wrap>
Room 221, 150 College Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3E2 Canada</aff>
<aff id="Aff2"><label>2</label>
<institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0004 0473 9881</institution-id>
<institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.416166.2</institution-id>
<institution></institution>
<institution>Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mt. Sinai Hospital,</institution>
</institution-wrap>
25 Orde St, Toronto, ON M5T 3H7 Canada</aff>
<aff id="Aff3"><label>3</label>
<institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0004 1936 8200</institution-id>
<institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.55602.34</institution-id>
<institution>Department of Dental Clinical Sciences,</institution>
<institution>Faculty of Dentistry, Dalhousie University,</institution>
</institution-wrap>
5981 University Avenue, PO Box 15000, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 4R2 Canada</aff>
<aff id="Aff4"><label>4</label>
<institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0001 1014 9130</institution-id>
<institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.265073.5</institution-id>
<institution>Department of Periodontology,</institution>
<institution>Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University,</institution>
</institution-wrap>
1-5-45 Yushima Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-5810 Japan</aff>
</contrib-group>
<pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>5</day>
<month>6</month>
<year>2017</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="pmc-release"><day>5</day>
<month>6</month>
<year>2017</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2017</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>21</volume>
<elocation-id>9</elocation-id>
<history><date date-type="received"><day>7</day>
<month>3</month>
<year>2017</year>
</date>
<date date-type="accepted"><day>16</day>
<month>5</month>
<year>2017</year>
</date>
</history>
<permissions><copyright-statement>© The Author(s). 2017</copyright-statement>
<license license-type="OpenAccess"><license-p><bold>Open Access</bold>
This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</ext-link>
), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/">http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/</ext-link>
) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.</license-p>
</license>
</permissions>
<abstract id="Abs1"><p>Periodontal disease is categorized by the destruction of periodontal tissues. Over the years, there have been several clinical techniques and material options that been investigated for periodontal defect repair/regeneration. The development of improved biomaterials for periodontal tissue engineering has significantly improved the available treatment options and their clinical results. Bone replacement graft materials, barrier membranes, various growth factors and combination of these have been used. The available bone tissue replacement materials commonly used include autografts, allografts, xenografts and alloplasts. These graft materials mostly function as osteogenic, osteoinductive and/or osteoconductive scaffolds. Polymers (natural and synthetic) are more widely used as a barrier material in guided tissue regeneration (GTR) and guided bone regeneration (GBR) applications. They work on the principle of epithelial cell exclusion to allow periodontal ligament and alveolar bone cells to repopulate the defect before the normally faster epithelial cells. However, in an attempt to overcome complications related to the epithelial down-growth and/or collapse of the non-rigid barrier membrane and to maintain space, clinicians commonly use a combination of membranes with hard tissue grafts. This article aims to review various available natural tissues and biomaterial based bone replacement graft and membrane options used in periodontal regeneration applications.</p>
</abstract>
<custom-meta-group><custom-meta><meta-name>issue-copyright-statement</meta-name>
<meta-value>© The Author(s) 2017</meta-value>
</custom-meta>
</custom-meta-group>
</article-meta>
</front>
<body><sec id="Sec1"><title>Background</title>
<p>It has been estimated that the global economic cost incurred due to dental diseases amounted to $442 Billion in 2010, of which $298 Billion can be attributed to direct treatment costs and $144 Billion to indirect costs in terms of productivity losses due to periodontal disease, caries and tooth loss [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR1">1</xref>
]. Chronic periodontitis is a disease that affects approximately half of the adult population in the United States [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR2">2</xref>
], of those, it is estimated that 2 to 6 million people could require professional treatment. Since the average cost for full mouth periodontal surgery is about $4000 to $5000, and if 300,000 people only actually received treatment, the projected cost could be more than one billion dollars. This would be an overwhelming liability for insurance companies and health care plans to cover. This out-of-pocket cost to the individual would contribute in discouraging some individuals from seeking treatment [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR3">3</xref>
]. The chronic untreated loss of periodontal tissues: gingiva, alveolar bone, periodontal ligament and cementum, ultimately results in tooth loss leading to functional and aesthetic repercussions. Various treatment modalities (surgical and non-surgical) have been investigated to try repair/regenerate periodontal tissues damaged or lost due to disease. In an attempt to achieve periodontal regeneration, soft and hard tissue replacement grafts, guided tissue/bone regeneration (GTR/GBR), root surface biomodifications, and delivery of growth factors have been developed [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR4">4</xref>
]. Four major hard tissue replacement graft materials are commonly used for periodontal regenerative applications. These are the autogenous or autografts, allografts, xenografts and alloplasts. Autografts are graft materials obtained from the same individual and have been historically thought to be the “gold standard” [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR5">5</xref>
]. However, there are concerns about donor site morbidity [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR6">6</xref>
], the volume of bone acquired is usually limited, and the replacement rate of those autografts may be unpredictable [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR7">7</xref>
]. Allografts are derived from a donor of the same species, which may be a fresh/frozen, freeze-dried bone or demineralized freeze-dried bone [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR8">8</xref>
]. These allografts can act not only as osteoconductive scaffolds, but may also have some osteoinductive potential, due to the presence of proteins such as bone morphogenetic proteins (BMP) [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR9">9</xref>
]. Xenografts are obtained from another species and are widely used in clinical periodontal regenerative applications. Alloplastic materials include ceramics and polymers and are either natural or synthetic. They have no risk for cross infection/disease transmission, which might be a possibility with the use of allografts and xenografts [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR10">10</xref>
]. To prevent the down-growth of the epithelial cells along the tooth-root surface and into the periodontal defect space, various barrier membranes have been developed and investigated [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR11">11</xref>
]. Similar to the hard tissue replacement graft materials, these membranes can be manufactured using natural or synthetic materials [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR12">12</xref>
]. In this review, we will focus on the natural tissues and synthetic biomaterials used in periodontal regeneration; discuss their properties and applications and also the future prospects.</p>
</sec>
<sec id="Sec2" sec-type="materials|methods"><title>Natural tissues and synthetic materials as bone replacement grafts</title>
<p>There are various hard tissue replacement materials available and divided into natural transplants (autografts, allografts and xenografts) and synthetic materials (alloplasts) (Tables <xref rid="Tab1" ref-type="table">1</xref>
and <xref rid="Tab2" ref-type="table">2</xref>
). These materials are used because they possess osteogenic, osteoinductive and/or osteoconductive properties [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR13">13</xref>
]. These grafts should ideally be biocompatible, easily molded and/or carved, integrate well with the native bone and have adequate mechanical properties [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR14">14</xref>
]. Hard tissue substitute graft materials that have the ability to be resorbed, undergo a replacement process during which they are partially or completely resorbed by macrophages/ osteoclasts before native bone is deposited by osteoblasts [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR15">15</xref>
, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR16">16</xref>
]. These grafts should ideally be biocompatible, easily molded and/or carved, integrate well with the native bone, have adequate mechanical properties with an ideal replacement rate, and be predictable with a good level of patient acceptance. This section discusses the various graft tissues and biomaterial alternatives used for alveolar bone grafting and periodontal defect fill applications.<table-wrap id="Tab1"><label>Table 1</label>
<caption><p>Commonly used natural tissues and biomaterial graft option types for periodontal hard tissue regenerative applications classified according to source</p>
</caption>
<table frame="hsides" rules="groups"><thead><tr><th>Bone replacement graft materials</th>
<th></th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody><tr><td>Human bone graft tissues</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr><td> (a) Autografts (cancellous and/ or cortical)</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr><td> -Extra-oral</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr><td> -Intra-oral</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr><td> (b) Allografts (cancellous and/ or cortical)</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr><td> -Fresh and/or frozen bone</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr><td> -Freeze dried bone allograft (FDBA)</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr><td> -Demineralized freeze dried bone allograft (DFDBA)</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr><td>Non- human source materials</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr><td> (a) Xenografts</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr><td> -Bovine Hydroxyapatite</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr><td> -Porcine bone</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr><td> -Equine bone</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr><td> -Coralline calcium carbonate</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr><td>Synthetic materials (Alloplasts)</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr><td> (a) Bioactive glasses</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr><td> (b) Calcium phosphates</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr><td> -Hydroxyapatite</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr><td> -Tricalcium phosphate</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr><td> -Other calcium phosphates (Brushite,</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr><td> monetite, calcium polyphosphates/CPP)</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr><td> (c) Calcium Sulphate</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</table-wrap>
<table-wrap id="Tab2"><label>Table 2</label>
<caption><p>Examples of commercially available bone grafts for periodontal reconstructive applications</p>
</caption>
<table frame="hsides" rules="groups"><thead><tr><th>Brand name</th>
<th>Generic name/composition</th>
<th>Company</th>
<th>Source</th>
<th>Category</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody><tr><td>Puros®</td>
<td>Mineralized bone allograft</td>
<td>Zimmer Biomet</td>
<td>Human bone</td>
<td>Allograft</td>
</tr>
<tr><td>Raptos®</td>
<td>Mineralized/ demineralized bone allograft</td>
<td>Citagenix</td>
<td>Human bone</td>
<td>Allograft</td>
</tr>
<tr><td>Grafton® (DBM)</td>
<td>Demineralized Bone Matrix</td>
<td>BioHorizons</td>
<td>Human bone</td>
<td>Allograft</td>
</tr>
<tr><td>DBX® Putty (DBM)</td>
<td>Demineralized Bone Matrix</td>
<td>DENTSPLY</td>
<td>Human bone</td>
<td>Allograft</td>
</tr>
<tr><td>MTF® - FDBA</td>
<td>Freeze Dried Bone Allograft</td>
<td>Musculoskeletal Transplant Foundation</td>
<td>Human bone</td>
<td>Allograft</td>
</tr>
<tr><td>MTF® - DFDBA</td>
<td>Demineralized Freeze Dried Bone Allograft</td>
<td>Musculoskeletal Transplant Foundation</td>
<td>Human bone</td>
<td>Allograft</td>
</tr>
<tr><td>Gen-Os®</td>
<td>Anorganic Porcine Bone Mineral</td>
<td>Tecnoss Dental</td>
<td>Porcine bone</td>
<td>Xenograft</td>
</tr>
<tr><td>Bio-Oss®</td>
<td>Deproteinized Bovine Bone Mineral</td>
<td>Geistlich</td>
<td>Bovine bone</td>
<td>Xenograft</td>
</tr>
<tr><td>Osteograf/ N®</td>
<td>Anorganic Bovine Bone Mineral</td>
<td>Dentsply</td>
<td>Bovine bone</td>
<td>Xenograft</td>
</tr>
<tr><td>PepGen P-15®</td>
<td>Anorganic Bovine Bone Mineral with a synthetic biomimetic of the 15 amino acid sequence of Type-I collagen</td>
<td>Dentsply</td>
<td>Bovine bone/tissue engineering</td>
<td>Xenograft/synthetic</td>
</tr>
<tr><td>Biocoral®</td>
<td>Corraline Calcium Carbonate</td>
<td>Inoteb</td>
<td>marine corals</td>
<td>Xenograft</td>
</tr>
<tr><td>Interpore 200®</td>
<td>Porous Hydroxyapatite</td>
<td>Interpore International</td>
<td>marine corals</td>
<td>Xenograft</td>
</tr>
<tr><td>PerioGlas®</td>
<td>Bioactive Glass</td>
<td>NovaBone</td>
<td>Synthetic</td>
<td>Alloplast</td>
</tr>
<tr><td>Guidor easy-graft®</td>
<td>In situ hardening beta-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) granules coated with poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA)</td>
<td>Sunstar</td>
<td>Synthetic</td>
<td>Alloplast</td>
</tr>
<tr><td>Vitoss®</td>
<td>β-TCP</td>
<td>Stryker</td>
<td>Synthetic</td>
<td>Alloplast</td>
</tr>
<tr><td>Eurobone®</td>
<td>Dicalcium phosphate dihydrate (Brushite) - DCPD</td>
<td>Kasios</td>
<td>Synthetic</td>
<td>Alloplast</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</table-wrap>
</p>
<sec id="Sec3"><title>Autografts</title>
<p>Autografts are harvested from a donor site in the same individual and transplanted to another site. Autografts are a source of the most osteogenic organic material for grafting, however, donor site morbidity, and limited graft volume that can be obtained are disadvantages [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR6">6</xref>
, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR17">17</xref>
]. Autografts used in periodontal regeneration may be of extraoral or intraoral origin. Intraoral autograft harvest sites are the spina nasalis, the tuberosity and crista zygomatico-alveolaris from the maxilla, the ramus, retromolar region and the symphysis region in the mandible, as well as bony exostoses and bone harvested from different sites utilizing bone scrapers [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR18">18</xref>
]. Mandibular autografts are commonly used as bone chips, blocks and milled particles [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR19">19</xref>
, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR20">20</xref>
]. Autografts obtained from extraoral sites such as the iliac crest provide osteoinductive, osteoconductive and osteogeneic potential [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR21">21</xref>
]. The calvaria is another extraoral site that can be used to potentially obtain bone tissue for surgical applications [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR22">22</xref>
, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR23">23</xref>
]. However, there is less morbidity associated with intraoral donor sites and that is the reason they are preferred [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR19">19</xref>
].</p>
<p>The common extraoral harvest site that provides large amounts of autologous cortical-cancellous bone is the iliac crest [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR24">24</xref>
]. Cortical autografts have high initial strength which after about 6 months of implantation is about 50% weaker than the physiologically normal bone tissue [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR25">25</xref>
]. Conversely, cancellous bone autografts are initially weaker because of their porous structure and gain strength over time [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR13">13</xref>
]. The cancellous autografts revascularize earlier than the cortical grafts around the fifth day after implantation due to their spongy architecture [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR13">13</xref>
]. Vertical and horizontal alveolar ridge augmentation using particulate autografts with GBR has been shown to be successful for placing dental implants [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR26">26</xref>
, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR27">27</xref>
], (Fig. <xref rid="Fig1" ref-type="fig">1</xref>
). However, block grafts outperform particulate grafts with regards to revascularization, bone-to-implant contact and bone remodelling [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR26">26</xref>
].<fig id="Fig1"><label>Fig. 1</label>
<caption><p>Clinical photographs showing autogenous block grafting. <bold>a</bold>
Advanced vertical and horizontal bone loss. <bold>b</bold>
Autogenous block graft fixed with screws. <bold>c</bold>
FDBA particles added to fill any remaining gaps. <bold>d</bold>
Porcine degrdable collagen membrane (Bio-Gide) used to contain and cover bone grafts. <bold>e</bold>
. Six month results showing successful bone augmentation. <bold>f</bold>
Dental implants successfully placed into augmented bone. (Courtesy of Dr. Aditya Patel, periodontist, Halifax, NS, Canada)</p>
</caption>
<graphic xlink:href="40824_2017_95_Fig1_HTML" id="MO1"></graphic>
</fig>
</p>
</sec>
<sec id="Sec4"><title>Allografts</title>
<p>Allografts are tissues taken from genetically non-identical members of the same species, i.e. from another human. They are available in large amounts for use and do not have the traditional shortcomings associated with autografts. Cancellous and cortical allografts of various particle sizes are regularly used for bone regeneration procedures with minimal risk of disease transmission due to the screening and virucidal tissue processing methods [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR28">28</xref>
–<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR30">30</xref>
]. However, the possibility of tissue contamination and disease transmission with new unidentified pathogens poses some risk as these may not be eliminated through current methods of donor screening and tissue processing. Although to our knowledge no cases have been documented of prion disease from bone allografts, the concern is valid [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR31">31</xref>
]. Additional factors should be taken into consideration such as human error, persistent antibody-negative carriers and immunovariant strains [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR32">32</xref>
, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR33">33</xref>
]. Also, cases of infection and disease transmission may go unreported [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR34">34</xref>
].</p>
<p>Allografts are available for periodontal applications as cortical wedges, cortical chips, cortical granules and cancellous powdered prepared as frozen, freeze-dried, mineralized and demineralized bone [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR35">35</xref>
].</p>
<sec id="Sec5"><title>Fresh-frozen bone allografts (FFB)</title>
<p>Fresh frozen cancellous bone provides the highest osteoconductive and osteoinductive potential among all allograft materials available for use [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR36">36</xref>
, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR37">37</xref>
]. However, due to the risk of disease transmission, fresh-frozen allografts are not used anymore. In the past, atrophic maxillary ridges grafted with human block allografts of tibia and fresh-frozen chips showed development of mature and compact osseous tissue surrounded by marrow spaces [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR38">38</xref>
, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR39">39</xref>
].</p>
</sec>
<sec id="Sec6"><title>Freeze-dried bone allografts (FDBA)</title>
<p>The freeze-drying to process these grafts for use distorts the 3D presentation of the human leukocyte antigens on surface of graft particles that affects the immune recognition [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR40">40</xref>
, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR41">41</xref>
]. FDBA are known to be osteoconductive and can be combined with autografts to enhance the osteogenic potential [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR42">42</xref>
, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR43">43</xref>
]. These graft tissues are mineralized and used for the treatment of periodontal defects [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR44">44</xref>
–<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR47">47</xref>
]. Cortical FDBA demonstrate greater osteoinductive potential due to the growth factors stored in the matrix [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR48">48</xref>
]. FDBA used in combination with absorbable barrier membranes have been used as replacement for autograft blocks for ridge augmentation [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR49">49</xref>
]. The use of FDBA blocks for alveolar ridge grafting has shown presence of vital bone with a lamellar organization [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR50">50</xref>
, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR51">51</xref>
]. Figure <xref rid="Fig2" ref-type="fig">2</xref>
shows two common application of FDBA.<fig id="Fig2"><label>Fig. 2</label>
<caption><p>Clinical photographs showing two common applications of FDBA. <bold>a</bold>
. Augmentation of resorbed alveolar ridge. <bold>b</bold>
. Socket preservation after atraumatic extraction of teeth. <bold>b1</bold>
. Tooth #1.2 was atraumatically extracted. <bold>b2</bold>
. FDBA graft gently packed into extraction socket. <bold>b3</bold>
. Absorbable collagen membrane used to cover bone graft</p>
</caption>
<graphic xlink:href="40824_2017_95_Fig2_HTML" id="MO2"></graphic>
</fig>
</p>
</sec>
<sec id="Sec7"><title>Demineralized freeze-dried bone allografts (DFDBA)</title>
<p>These allografts which have been demineralized are used alone or in combination with FDBA and autografts. DFDBA undergo resorption at a quick rate [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR52">52</xref>
, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR53">53</xref>
] and often have osteoinductive potential due to the bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) and growth factors present in the graft matrix [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR54">54</xref>
]. DFDBA has been shown to produce less amount of vital new bone in comparison to autografts [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR55">55</xref>
]. DFDBA acquired from younger cadavers have higher osteogenic potential in comparison with grafts from older individuals resulting in variation in BMP levels in different batches of DFDBA [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR56">56</xref>
, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR57">57</xref>
].</p>
</sec>
</sec>
<sec id="Sec8"><title>Xenografts</title>
<p>Xenografts are graft tissues obtained from non-human species, i.e. animals and are usually osteoconductive with limited resorptive potential [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR58">58</xref>
, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR59">59</xref>
]. The xenograft most commonly used in periodontal regeneration procedures is the deproteinized bovine bone mineral, commercially known as Bio-Oss®, which is a commercially available bone of bovine origin processed to yield natural bone mineral without the organic elements [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR60">60</xref>
], (Fig. <xref rid="Fig3" ref-type="fig">3</xref>
). After heat and chemical treatments, the inorganic phase of bovine bone consists mainly of hydroxyapatite (HA) that retains the porous architecture [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR61">61</xref>
]. Although the heat and chemical processing removes most of the osteogenic components from bone, it does not completely eliminate the potential risk of disease transmission (bovine spongiform encephalopathy) and graft rejection but makes it a negligible possibility [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR62">62</xref>
, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR63">63</xref>
]. Bovine-derived bone graft particles and blocks have been used for alveolar ridge augmentation procedures and intra-bony defect filling [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR64">64</xref>
, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR65">65</xref>
].<fig id="Fig3"><label>Fig. 3</label>
<caption><p>Examples of different applications of DBBM Xenograft (Bio-Oss®). <bold>a</bold>
Subantral maxillary augmentation (direct sinus lift). <bold>b</bold>
Augmenting thin bone around dental implants. <bold>c</bold>
As a top layer covering FDBA particles to provide long-term support (sandwich GBR technique). Notice the use of Ti-reinforced d-PTFE membrane to provide space for the healing graft</p>
</caption>
<graphic xlink:href="40824_2017_95_Fig3_HTML" id="MO3"></graphic>
</fig>
</p>
<p>Bio-Oss remains the most researched xenogeneic bone grafting material. Several research papers were published on the use of Bio-Oss in different surgical scenarios [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR66">66</xref>
–<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR70">70</xref>
]. Of particular interest was the use of Bio-Oss as a graft material during direct sub-antral augmentation (sinus lift) procedures where dental implants placed in Bio-Oss grafts had survival rates at least similar if not better than autogenous grafts [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR71">71</xref>
]. However, although bovine-derived bone block grafts have high osteoconductive potential, these grafts are inherently brittle and lack toughness. This makes them prone to failure during the screw fixation procedures and/or after implantation [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR65">65</xref>
, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR72">72</xref>
].</p>
<p>In addition to bovine derived bone mineral, bone mineral can be obtained from other animal sources, such as equine or porcine source. Porcine bone graft tissue is a porous anorganic bone graft material consisting predominantly of calcium phosphate. These are supplied in granular form with a particle size of 0.25–1 mm and 1–2 mm (Gen-Os®) and are produced by removal of the organic components from porcine bone [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR73">73</xref>
, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR74">74</xref>
]. The anorganic bone mineral matrix is biocompatible, having interconnecting macro- and microscopic porous structure that supports the formation and ingrowth of new bone at the implantation site [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR73">73</xref>
]. A clinical study in humans in which porcine-derived graft was investigated for implant site development was showed to reduce the hard tissue resorption after tooth extraction [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR75">75</xref>
].</p>
<p>The porous microstructure of marine coral has also been used as a template to fabricate porous coralline HA materials such as interpore-200® [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR76">76</xref>
]. These materials are fabricated by coral being subjected to high temperature under pressurized treatment in the presence of aqueous phosphate solutions [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR77">77</xref>
]. This converts the coral to calcium HA, while conserving the highly organized, permeable and interconnecting pore structure [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR76">76</xref>
, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR77">77</xref>
]. These graft materials have an average pore diameter of 200 μm, and consists of about 60% porosity/void spaces [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR78">78</xref>
, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR79">79</xref>
].</p>
<p>Calcium carbonate graft materials are of natural coralline origin and composed mostly of aragonite which is more than 98% calcium carbonate. Coralline calcium carbonate grafts have high osteoconductive potential allowing for new bone deposition to occur rapidly after implantation [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR80">80</xref>
]. These grafts have a pore size of 100 to 200 μm, which is similar to that of cancellous bone. Also, they possess ~45% porosity that allows for greater resorption and new bone infiltration [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR30">30</xref>
, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR81">81</xref>
]. These grafts have shown potential for improved defect filling in periodontal regeneration applications and do not undergo fibrous encapsulation [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR82">82</xref>
–<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR84">84</xref>
].</p>
</sec>
<sec id="Sec9"><title>Alloplasts</title>
<p>Alloplastic synthetic biomaterials were developed to overcome the disadvantages of autografts and are fabricated in various forms with varying physicochemical properties and can be both degradable and non-degradable [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR14">14</xref>
, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR85">85</xref>
–<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR88">88</xref>
]. Alloplasts are usually osteoconductive without any osteoinductive or osteogenic potential on their own and have been used extensively for periodontal regeneration [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR87">87</xref>
]. The most routinely used alloplastic materials are HA, tricalcium phosphates (TCP) and bioactive glasses. Calcium phosphate biomaterials are of great interest to be used as bone replacement graft materials in periodontal regeneration as they have a similar composition to bone mineral, are osteoconductive, form bone apatite like material or carbonated HA and form a very strong bone-calcium phosphate biomaterial interface [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR14">14</xref>
, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR15">15</xref>
].</p>
<sec id="Sec10"><title>Hydroxyapatite (HA)</title>
<p>This is a commonly used calcium phosphate biomaterial for bone regeneration applications due to having a composition and structure similar to natural bone mineral [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR89">89</xref>
]. HA based grafts form a chemical bond directly to bone once implanted [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR90">90</xref>
]. Synthetic HA is available and used in various forms: 1) Porous non-resorbable; 2) Solid non-resorbable; and 3) Resorbable (non-ceramic, porous) [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR91">91</xref>
]. HA is non-osteogenic and mainly functions as an osteoconductive graft material. HA grafts show slow and limited resorptive potential and generally are dependent on passive dissolution in tissue fluid and cell mediated processes such as phagocytosis of particles for resorption [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR92">92</xref>
, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR93">93</xref>
]. The degradation rate of HA depends on the method of ceramic formation, the calcium to phosphate ratio, crystallographic structure and porosity [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR92">92</xref>
, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR94">94</xref>
]. The ability of HA to resorb is also heavily dependent upon the processing temperature. HA grafts synthesized at high temperatures are very dense with very limited biodegradibility [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR95">95</xref>
]. These dense grafts are usually used as inert biocompatible fillers [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR96">96</xref>
, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR97">97</xref>
]. At lower temperatures, the particulate HA is porous and undergoes slow resorption [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR98">98</xref>
]. Early implant loading studies in alveolar ridges augmented with nano-structured HA has shown promise [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR99">99</xref>
, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR100">100</xref>
]. Also, ridge augmentation with HA granules alone [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR100">100</xref>
] or in combination with autografts has been investigated [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR101">101</xref>
].</p>
</sec>
<sec id="Sec11"><title>Tricalcium phosphate (TCP)</title>
<p>Over the last few years, TCP has been used and extensively investigated as a bone substitute. TCP has two crystallographic forms; α-TCP and β-TCP [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR102">102</xref>
]. β-TCP exhibits good biocompatibility and osteoconductivity and is used commonly as a partially resorbable filler allowing replacement with newly formed bone [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR87">87</xref>
]. Resorption of TCP grafts is thought to be dependent on dissolution by biological fluids in the absence of osteoclasts around the materials [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR103">103</xref>
] and by presence of osteoclast mediated resorption based on the osteoclast-like giant cells in defect areas in many studies [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR104">104</xref>
]. In terms of bone regenerative potential, β-TCP grafts have been shown to be similar to autogenous bone, FDBA, DFDBA and collagen sponge [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR105">105</xref>
]. TCP biomaterials have been used in human clinical studies to repair periapical and marginal periodontal defects, as well as alveolar bony defects [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR106">106</xref>
, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR107">107</xref>
]. In addition, there are studies using β-TCP that report alveolar ridge augmentation in vertical and horizontal dimensions with variable results [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR108">108</xref>
–<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR110">110</xref>
].</p>
</sec>
<sec id="Sec12"><title>Bioactive glass</title>
<p>These graft materials are composed of silicon dioxide, calcium oxide, sodium oxide, and phosphorus pentoxide [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR111">111</xref>
, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR112">112</xref>
]. The particle sizes of bioactive glasses (Bio-Glass®) range from 90 to 710 μm to 300–355 μm [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR111">111</xref>
, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR113">113</xref>
]. After implantation of bioactive glass, a silicon-rich gel is formed on the bioactive ceramic surface with the outer layer serving as a bonding surface for osteogenic cells and collagen fibers [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR114">114</xref>
, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR115">115</xref>
]. Bioactive glass nanoparticles have been shown to induce cementoblasts to proliferate in an in vivo study [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR116">116</xref>
]. Clinical reports of alveolar ridge grafting performed with bioactive glass reveal bone formation in close contact to the particles [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR111">111</xref>
]. However, limited true periodontal regenerative outcomes based on human histological analysis has been demonstrated with the use of bioactive glass [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR117">117</xref>
, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR118">118</xref>
].</p>
</sec>
<sec id="Sec13"><title>Dicalcium phosphates (DCP)</title>
<p>These are acidic calcium phosphates that have a high solubility at physiological pH. Dicalcium phosphate dihydrate (DCPD or Brushite), has been investigated for both bone defect repair and vertical bone augmentation applications as injectable cements or as pre-set cement granules [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR119">119</xref>
–<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR121">121</xref>
]. It has been demonstrated that injectable brushite cements are capable of regenerating bone in atrophic alveolar ridges, buccal dehiscence defects and maxillary sinus floor elevation procedures [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR122">122</xref>
]. Bone growth in vertical direction obtained with brushite cement granules has been seen to be higher than that obtained with commercially available bovine HA materials [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR123">123</xref>
]. However, brushite grafts after implantation undergo phase conversion to insoluble HA which ultimately limits their resorption rate and extent [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR102">102</xref>
, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR124">124</xref>
].</p>
<p>Brushite can be used as precursor to the anhydrous form of DCP, dicalcium phosphate anhydrous, also known as DCPA or monetite. Monetite can be precipitated by dehydration of brushite or by modifying the precipitation conditions of brushite cements in order to favour DCP crystallization into monetite instead of brushite [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR102">102</xref>
]. Monetite does not convert to HA after implantation [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR123">123</xref>
–<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR126">126</xref>
] and resorbs at faster rates compared to brushite cement grafts [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR126">126</xref>
–<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR129">129</xref>
]. Monetite granules have been compared with commercially available bovine HA (Bio-Oss®), and has shown greater resorption and bone formation in the extraction sockets [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR120">120</xref>
].</p>
</sec>
<sec id="Sec14"><title>Calcium polyphosphate (CPP)</title>
<p>Inorganic polyphosphates are polymers of orthophosphate, linked by energy-rich phosphoanhydride bonds to form polymeric chains. Calcium-Polyphosphate (CPP) is a good bone substitute as it can be made with mechanical properties similar to trabecular bone, controlled degradability and shows very good integration to host bone when implanted in vivo [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR130">130</xref>
]. CPP has been used in different forms, such as sintered porous blocks [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR131">131</xref>
], particulates [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR132">132</xref>
] or nanoparticles [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR133">133</xref>
]. Nelson et al. were the first to investigate CPP for bone regeneration as they explored its ability to repair canine mandibular alveolar defects. Assessment at 4 months showed increased bone and greater rates of union in the CPP group than in the bone graft control [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR134">134</xref>
]. El Sayegh et al. demonstrated that the degradation rate of CPP did not substantially affect the interactions of human gingival fibroblasts with CPP materials but that compared with titanium alloy substrates, cell spreading and attachment were inhibited [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR135">135</xref>
]. These studies suggest that CPP has promise as a biomaterial for biological and periodontal regenerative therapy [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR136">136</xref>
].</p>
</sec>
<sec id="Sec15"><title>Calcium sulphate</title>
<p>These compounds have a compressive strength greater than that of cancellous bone [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR137">137</xref>
]. Calcium sulphate is usually applied as a barrier material to improve the clinical outcomes of periodontal regeneration therapy [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR138">138</xref>
]. When used as a barrier, calcium sulphate materials work as an adjunct with other graft materials. A combination of β-TCP and calcium phosphate has been investigated which does not require a membrane, lowers cost, reduces surgical time, and has the potential to treat periodontal intrabony defects [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR139">139</xref>
, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR140">140</xref>
]. A randomized controlled clinical trial over 12 months has shown that the use of calcium sulphate is useful in minimizing post-surgical recession when compared with the use of collagen membrane [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR139">139</xref>
]. The clinical outcome of class II mandibular molar furcation defects has also been shown to be enhanced with the use of a mixture of calcium sulphate and DFDBA [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR141">141</xref>
].</p>
</sec>
</sec>
</sec>
<sec id="Sec16"><title>Barrier membranes for periodontal guided regeneration applications</title>
<p>Periodontal regeneration by membrane techniques is based on the principal of separation of different tissues by surgical placement of physical barriers [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR142">142</xref>
]. Soft tissue turnover rate is faster than bone and periodontal tissue formation, using barrier membranes allows for defect space to be maintained for regenerating tissues which would otherwise be infiltrated and occupied by the epithelial cells. If used in combination with bone grafts then the membranes also serve to stabilize, contain and preserve the graft materials [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR12">12</xref>
]. This also results in reducing the rate of graft resorption [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR143">143</xref>
, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR144">144</xref>
]. There are a variety of degradable and non-degradable barrier membranes that have been synthesized for periodontal GTR and GBR applications [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR11">11</xref>
, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR12">12</xref>
]. The general characteristics that must be considered when designing barrier membranes intended for periodontal regeneration are: 1) biocompatibility; 2) cell-occlusivity; 3) Space-making ability; 4) Tissue integration; 5) Degradability; 6) Mechanical properties; and 7) Clinical handling characteristics [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR145">145</xref>
, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR146">146</xref>
].</p>
<sec id="Sec17"><title>Non-degradable barrier membranes</title>
<p>Materials such as cellulose acetate laboratory filters (Millipore®) [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR147">147</xref>
–<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR149">149</xref>
]. silicone sheets [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR150">150</xref>
] and expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE) laboratory filters [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR146">146</xref>
, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR151">151</xref>
], were the first non-degradable biomaterials used for investigating barrier membranes for regenerative therapy. Although these materials demonstrated some therapeutic potential, limitations such as inability to integrate with surrounding tissue, brittleness and the need to remove them after a certain period of time were observed [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR152">152</xref>
, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR153">153</xref>
]. The function of non-degradable membranes is temporary as they maintain their structural integrity upon placement and are later retrieved via surgery. Although this gives the clinician greater control over the length of time the membrane will remain in place, the retrieval procedure increases the risk of surgical site morbidity and leaves the regenerated tissues susceptible to damage and post-surgery bacterial contamination [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR154">154</xref>
]. Membrane exposure due to flap dehiscence during healing is also a frequent post-surgical complication [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR155">155</xref>
]. However, in situations such as alveolar ridge augmentation prior to placement of dental implants, it may be desirable for the membrane to retain its functional characteristics long enough for adequate healing to occur, and then be removed. Hence, in specific situations, a non-degradable membrane provides more predictable performance [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR156">156</xref>
, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR157">157</xref>
].</p>
<p>Barrier membranes used alone without particulate graft materials for guided regeneration applications are associated with membrane compression/collapse into the defect space by overlying soft tissue pressure [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR145">145</xref>
]. To overcome this, membranes have been developed using stiff materials such as titanium membranes or metal reinforced expanded-polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE) [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR12">12</xref>
] for the treatment of complex vertical periodontal defects [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR158">158</xref>
]. In 1969, Boyne et al. first used a titanium mesh for the reconstruction of large osseous defects in edentulous maxillary ridges [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR159">159</xref>
]. Titanium is a non-resorbable biomaterial and has been used extensively due to its high strength and rigidity and the resistance to corrosion [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR160">160</xref>
, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR161">161</xref>
]. The rigidity of titanium provides excellent space maintenance and prevents collapse; and its plasticity permits bending and adaptation to any bony defect shape [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR162">162</xref>
, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR163">163</xref>
]. Studies have shown that titanium mesh has been shown to maintain space predictably, even in cases with large bony defects [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR64">64</xref>
, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR164">164</xref>
]. The commonly available and used titanium based mesh/membranes are the Frios®BoneShields, which is 0.1 mm thick and has a pore diameter of 0.03 mm [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR165">165</xref>
, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR166">166</xref>
]; the Tocksystem MeshTM, which is 0.1–6.5 mm thick and a pore diameter of 0.1 mm and shows no sign of inflammation [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR165">165</xref>
]; M-TAMTM which has excellent tissue compatibility and is 1700 μm thick and a pore diameter of 0.1-0.3 mm [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR167">167</xref>
]; and the Ti-Micromesh ACE, which has a thickness of 1700 μm and 0.1 mm pore-size [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR168">168</xref>
]. The common feature of the commercially available titanium membranes is the macroporosity which plays a critical role in maintaining blood supply and is thought to enhance regeneration by improving tissue integration and wound stability [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR169">169</xref>
, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR170">170</xref>
]. However, this tissue integration can result in membrane removal difficult at the second surgery. Another problem associated with use of titanium membranes in guided regeneration therapy is the fibrous ingrowth and exposure of the membrane [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR171">171</xref>
]. Development of less porous and micropore-sized titanium membranes could provide with improved clinical results.</p>
<p>Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) is a non-porous inert and biocompatible fluorocarbon polymer [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR172">172</xref>
]. Two non-resorbable PTFE based barrier membranes that are commonly used are the expanded-polytetrafluoroethylene (e-PTFE) and the titanium-reinforced high density polytetrafluoroethylene (Ti-d-PTFE). The e-PTFE has been commonly used in vascular surgeries [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR173">173</xref>
] and is fabricated by exposing PTFE to high tensile stresses which results in expansion and the formation of a porous microstructure [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR174">174</xref>
]. The e-PTFE membranes are stable in biological systems and their clinical effectiveness has been studied [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR175">175</xref>
] with evidence of periodontal regeneration with their use [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR156">156</xref>
]. When there is a clinical requirement that requires larger areas of space maintenance, Ti-d-PTFE can be used as it is stiffer due to the central portion of the membrane reinforced with titanium to prevent collapse [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR176">176</xref>
]. The Ti-d-PTFE has also smaller pore size that does not allow bacterial ingrowth into the graft material if left exposed [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR177">177</xref>
], (Fig. <xref rid="Fig4" ref-type="fig">4</xref>
). An alternative approach is using a double layer of PTFE membrane with a titanium framework interposed (Cytoplast® Ti-250) which has shown to be successful for ridge augmentation and treatment of large defects in the alveolar process [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR178">178</xref>
].<fig id="Fig4"><label>Fig. 4</label>
<caption><p>Clinical photographs showing Ti-reinforced d-PTFE membrane application. <bold>a</bold>
Full-thickness mucoperiosteal flap reflected and one defect prepared to receive bone graft. <bold>b</bold>
Particulate bone allograft (FDBA) gently packed into the bony defect. <bold>c</bold>
Ti-reinforced d-PTFE membrane being adapted to cover the bone graft material. <bold>d</bold>
Ti-reinforced d-PTFE membrane could be left exposed during the healing period thanks to its occlusive properties</p>
</caption>
<graphic xlink:href="40824_2017_95_Fig4_HTML" id="MO4"></graphic>
</fig>
</p>
</sec>
<sec id="Sec18"><title>Biodegradable barrier membranes</title>
<p>One of the major disadvantages of using non-degradable barrier membranes for periodontal regeneration application is that a second surgical procedure is required for removal. Hence, extensive research has been focused towards developing degradable barrier membranes. Clinical studies in the early 1990s reported the successful use of degradable membranes for GBR therapy [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR179">179</xref>
–<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR181">181</xref>
]. Both natural and synthetic polymers have been investigated for this purpose with collagen and aliphatic polyesters being the mostly researched [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR182">182</xref>
]. The main factors influencing safety and the effectiveness of degradable membranes are the degradation end-products and their fate. As the membrane degrades, particles or fragments are produced which may elicit a foreign body response. This results in a change in the biocompatibility profile of the membrane material [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR183">183</xref>
] and can prevent bone formation and result in bone resorption [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR183">183</xref>
, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR184">184</xref>
]. Therefore, it is important for the design of degradable membranes to be such that it maintains the functional characteristics for an adequate healing period. Currently, most commonly used degradable membranes are made of collagen or by polyglycolide and/or polylactide or copolymers of them [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR185">185</xref>
]. The available biodegradable barrier membranes are mostly incapable in maintaining defect space on their own due to their lack of rigidity especially when exposed to oral fluids and/or blood. For this reason these membranes are frequently used in combination with autogenous or synthetic bone grafts substitutes [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR186">186</xref>
, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR187">187</xref>
] with or without reinforcements, support screws and pins [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR188">188</xref>
].</p>
<sec id="Sec19"><title>Natural degradable barrier membranes</title>
<p>Natural degradable barrier membranes are fabricated mostly using collagen from tissues from human or animal sources (Table <xref rid="Tab3" ref-type="table">3</xref>
). Collagen is used extensively in biomedical applications and can be acquired from animal intestines, skin and tendons [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR182">182</xref>
]. Collagen has numerous biological properties which are desirable such as having low immunogenicity; attracting and activating gingival fibroblast cells and being haemostatic [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR189">189</xref>
]. Collagen membranes have been shown to stimulate fibroblast DNA synthesis [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR180">180</xref>
] and osteoblasts show improved adherence to collagen membrane surfaces in comparison to other barrier membrane surfaces [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR190">190</xref>
]. The biodegradation of collagen membranes is accomplished by endogenous collagenases into carbon dioxide and water [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR189">189</xref>
]. The degree of cross-linking of collagen fibers directly affects the rate of degradation with the relationship being inversely proportional [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR191">191</xref>
].<table-wrap id="Tab3"><label>Table 3</label>
<caption><p>Common collagen based barrier membranes for clinical use [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR11">11</xref>
, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR189">189</xref>
, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR272">272</xref>
]</p>
</caption>
<table frame="hsides" rules="groups"><thead><tr><th>Membrane</th>
<th>Constitution</th>
<th>Method of cross-linking</th>
<th>Tissue sources</th>
<th>Resorption time</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody><tr><td>BioGide</td>
<td>Types I & III collagen</td>
<td>None</td>
<td>Porcine (dermis)</td>
<td>24 weeks</td>
</tr>
<tr><td>BioMend</td>
<td>Type I collagen</td>
<td>Formaldehyde</td>
<td>Bovine (tendon)</td>
<td>6–8 weeks</td>
</tr>
<tr><td>BioMend-Extend</td>
<td>Type I collagen</td>
<td>Formaldehyde</td>
<td>Bovine (tendon)</td>
<td>18 weeks</td>
</tr>
<tr><td>Tissue Guide</td>
<td>Atelocollagen + tendon collagen</td>
<td>HMDIC<sup>a</sup>
</td>
<td>Bovine (tendon + dermis)</td>
<td>4–8 weeks</td>
</tr>
<tr><td>BioBar</td>
<td>Type I collagen</td>
<td>N/A</td>
<td>Bovine (tendon)</td>
<td>24–32 weeks</td>
</tr>
<tr><td>Paroguide</td>
<td>Type I collagen (96%) & Chondroitin-4 sulfate (4%)</td>
<td>DPPA<sup>b</sup>
</td>
<td>Calf skin</td>
<td>4–8 weeks</td>
</tr>
<tr><td>Biostite</td>
<td>Type I collagen (9.5%), Chondroitin-4 sulfate (2.5%) & HA<sup>c</sup>
(88%)</td>
<td>DPPA<sup>b</sup>
</td>
<td>Calf skin</td>
<td>4–8 weeks</td>
</tr>
<tr><td>Periogen</td>
<td>Types I & III collagen</td>
<td>Gluteraldehyde</td>
<td>Bovine (dermis)</td>
<td>4–8 weeks</td>
</tr>
<tr><td>AlloDerm Regenerative Tissue Matrix (RTM)</td>
<td>Type I collagen</td>
<td>None</td>
<td>Human cadavers (skin)</td>
<td>28–36 weeks</td>
</tr>
<tr><td>Cytoplast RTM</td>
<td>Type I collagen</td>
<td>N/A</td>
<td>Bovine (tendon)</td>
<td>26–38 weeks</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table-wrap-foot><p><italic>HMDIC</italic>
<sup>a</sup>
Hexamethylenediiscyanate</p>
<p><italic>DPPA</italic>
<sup>b</sup>
Diphenylphosphorylazide</p>
<p><italic>HA</italic>
<sup>c</sup>
Hydroxypatite</p>
</table-wrap-foot>
</table-wrap>
</p>
<p>BioMend® is a biodegradable barrier membrane fabricated from Type-I collagen derived from bovine achilles tendon. The membrane is semi-occlusive, having a pore size 0.004 μm and resorbs in 4 to 8 weeks after implantation. Clinical results have revealed limited clinical effectiveness, highly dependent upon form and size of the defect [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR192">192</xref>
]. To overcome the disadvantage of fast resorption, BioMend Extend® was later developed for use in cases that require the membrane to maintain its function longer than Biomend®. Biomend Extend® has an in vivo stability of around 18 weeks [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR193">193</xref>
]. Bio-Gide® is a barrier membrane that resorbs in about 8 weeks and is synthesized from collagen Type-I and III derived from porcine skin source [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR194">194</xref>
]. AlloDerm® Regenerative Tissue Matrix (RTM), is a collagen Type-I derived from human skin (Cadavers). The membrane thickness ranges from 0.9 to 1.6 mm and clinical applications include: root coverage, gingival augmentation, soft tissue ridge augmentation, and soft tissue augmentation around dental implants [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR195">195</xref>
]. AlloDerm GBR® RTM is manufactured utilizing the same process used for AlloDerm® RTM and the membrane thickness ranges from 0.5 to 0.9 mm used for graft protection, containment and flap extension to achieve adequate primary closure [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR196">196</xref>
]. Paroguide® is a collagen Type-I membrane enriched with chondroitin-sulphate. There have been reports of periodontal ligament regeneration and alveolar bone regeneration, with no signs of inflammation [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR152">152</xref>
, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR186">186</xref>
]. Cytoplast RTM® i<bold>s</bold>
synthesized with collagen Type-I derived from bovine tendon and is a multi-layered membrane which takes 26–38 weeks for complete resorption. It has an organized fiber orientation providing good handling and high tensile strength [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR197">197</xref>
, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR198">198</xref>
].</p>
<p>A collagen membrane cross-Linked by diphenolphosphoryl azide is a Type-I collagen membrane, derived from calf pericardium has been investigated for regenerative applications. Although histology reveals significant inflammatory reaction [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR199">199</xref>
], clinical studies have shown establishment of a connective tissue attachment is favored by the exclusion of the epithelium and gingival connective tissue during healing [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR152">152</xref>
]. Collistat® is another collagen Type-I material which has demonstrated potential for GTR with the membrane completely resorbing seven days after implantation [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR200">200</xref>
]. Chitosan is a polysaccharide comprising of copolymers of glucosamine and N-acetylglucosamine [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR201">201</xref>
]. It has good biocompatibility and degradation appears to have no toxicity [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR202">202</xref>
]. In addition it has bacteriostatic properties, the ability to inhibit growth of gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria, Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans and Streptococcus-mutans [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR203">203</xref>
]. A chitosan based non-woven barrier membrane has been investigated that has a porous structure and is easy to manipulate [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR204">204</xref>
]. It has shown the ability to form new bone and cementum in surgically created one-wall intrabony defects in beagle dogs [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR204">204</xref>
]. Avitene® is a microfibrillar hemostatic collagen Type-I membrane derived from bovine corium. Histological evaluation after a clinical study has shown that this membrane was not clinically effective and is difficult to handle during surgery [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR205">205</xref>
]. Figure <xref rid="Fig5" ref-type="fig">5</xref>
illustrates some clinical applications of two absorbable collagen membranes (Fig. <xref rid="Fig5" ref-type="fig">5</xref>
).<fig id="Fig5"><label>Fig. 5</label>
<caption><p>Degradable collagen membranes. <bold>a</bold>
Collagen membranes are best cut into the desired shape utilizing a template before final insertion into oral cavity as their manipulation becomes more difficult after being mixed with blood. <bold>b</bold>
Degradable porcine collagen membrane (Bio-Gide®) used to cover and contain FDBA particles during GBR. <bold>c</bold>
Degradable porcine collagen membrane (Bio-Gide®) is often used to cover and contain FDBA particles used for socket preservation. <bold>d</bold>
Degradable porcine collagen membrane (Bio-Gide®) can be stretched over bone graft and stabilized with fixation tacs. <bold>e</bold>
For GBR, a degradable bovine collagen membrane (Biomend Extend®) could be chosen for its longer resorption time and stiffness <bold>f</bold>
The stiff degradable bovine collagen membrane (Biomend Extend®) could be chosen for its relative rigidity and slow absorption time</p>
</caption>
<graphic xlink:href="40824_2017_95_Fig5_HTML" id="MO5"></graphic>
</fig>
</p>
</sec>
<sec id="Sec20"><title>Synthetic degradable barrier membranes</title>
<p>The most commonly used biomaterials used to fabricate synthetic degradable barrier membranes are the poly-α-hydroxy acids, which include polylactic polyglycolic acid and their copolymers [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR206">206</xref>
]. The advantage of using polyhydroxy acids are that they undergo complete hydrolysis to water and carbon dioxide, which allows for complete removal from the implantation site [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR198">198</xref>
]. However, the degradation rate varies depending on the presence glycols and lactides in the constitutional makeup [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR207">207</xref>
]. Epi-Guide® is a porous three-layered and three-dimensional barrier membrane fabricated using polylactic acid polymers (D, D-L, L polylactic acid) and is completely resorbed in 6–12 months. The three-layered construction of the membrane attracts, traps, and retains fibroblasts and epithelial cells while maintaining space around the defect. Epi-Guide® is a self-supporting barrier membrane and can be used situations without support from bone grafting materials [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR186">186</xref>
, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR208">208</xref>
]. Resolut LT® is a barrier membrane made of glycolide and lactic copolymer and a porous network of polyglycolide fiber that completely resorbs in about 5–6 months [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR172">172</xref>
, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR209">209</xref>
].</p>
<p>Atrisorb® is barrier membrane that is prepared chair-side during the surgical procedure because it is made up of a polylactic polymer in a flowable form, dissolved in poly-dl-lactide and a solvent. It is composed of 37% of a liquid polymer of lactic acid that is dissolved in 63% N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone. This is flowed into a cassette containing 0.9% saline for ~5 min, after which the membrane having a thickness of 600–750 μm is obtained and cut to desired shape. The potential for periodontal regeneration has been investigated in both animal and human class II furcation defects where it demonstrated favorable regeneration [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR210">210</xref>
]. Studies have reported its efficacy in the treatment of periodontal defects [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR211">211</xref>
] and it resorbs completely in 6–12 months after implantation [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR212">212</xref>
]. Treatment outcomes of GTR were investigated with using Atrisorb® in intrabony defects in a 3 year follow-up study [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR213">213</xref>
]. The results showed that the outcome of treatment with Atrisorb® may be similar to open flap debridement [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR213">213</xref>
]. A randomized controlled clinical trial showed that there was no regeneration when the biodegradable membrane Atrisorb® was used in combination with autogenous bone grafts [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR214">214</xref>
].</p>
<p>Guidor® is a double-layered resorbable barrier membrane composed of both polylactic acid and a citric acid ester known as acetyl tributylcitrate. The external layer of the barrier membrane is designed with rectangular perforations allowing the integration of the overlying gingival flap. This surface design successfully promotes tissue integration and only limited gingival recession after usage has been reported [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR185">185</xref>
, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR215">215</xref>
]. Between the internal and external layers, internal spacers are present that create space for tissue ingrowth. The internal layer has smaller circular perforations and outer spacers for maintaining the space between the membrane and the root surface. Studies have shown this membrane to be successful in the treatment of various periodontal defects [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR215">215</xref>
]. Vicryl periodontal mesh® is made up of polyglactin 910 fibers which are copolymers of glycolide and L-lactide which form a tight woven mesh [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR216">216</xref>
]. This barrier membrane has been shown to start resorbing after 2 weeks of implantation and completely resorbs in about 4 weeks [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR217">217</xref>
]. Mempol® is manufactured from polydioxanon (PDS) with a bilayer structure. The first layer is covered with PDS loops 200 μm long to be used on the gingival side and is completely non-permeable [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR218">218</xref>
, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR219">219</xref>
].</p>
</sec>
</sec>
</sec>
<sec id="Sec21"><title>Other strategies for periodontal regeneration</title>
<p>There is continuous research being conducted to develop newer strategies and technologies to achieve periodontal regeneration. Delivering modified genetic material (gene therapy) to periodontal cells to boost their regenerative potential by increasing the production and concentration of differentiation factors and growth factors is being investigated [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR220">220</xref>
, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR221">221</xref>
]. A cellular tissue engineering approach has been investigated through which in vitro amplification of osteoblasts or osteoprogenitor cells grown on 3D constructs is carried out to increase the regenerative potential of bone [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR222">222</xref>
–<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR224">224</xref>
]. Cell seeding of constructs with mesenchymal stem cells also has great potential to be used in the future [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR225">225</xref>
, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR226">226</xref>
]. In addition, there has been great interest in using matrix derivatives (EMD), bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs), platelet rich plasma (PRP) and exploring mineralization strategies for in situ attachment of periodontal membranes.</p>
<sec id="Sec22"><title>Enamel Matrix Derivatives (EMD)</title>
<p>These are the purified fraction from the enamel layer of developing porcine teeth. It was assumed that those proteins, mostly made of amelogenins, might stimulate cementum deposition and periodontal regeneration [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR227">227</xref>
]. A human histologic study reported that EMD can result in periodontal regeneration on previously periodontally diseased root surface. However, this finding was inconsistent [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR228">228</xref>
]. Other studies reported that EMD with/ without the addition of a synthetic bone graft lead to clinical improvement in advanced intrabony defects [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR229">229</xref>
, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR230">230</xref>
]. A recent review by the American Academy of Periodontology concluded that EMD is generally comparable with demineralized freeze-dried bone allograft and GTR in improving clinical parameters in the treatment of intrabony defects [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR231">231</xref>
].</p>
</sec>
<sec id="Sec23"><title>Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs)</title>
<p>Through their chemotactic, mitogenic and differentiating mechanisms, BMPs play a crucial role in bone remodelling [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR232">232</xref>
]. BMP use has shown promising results for intraoral applications such as sinus augmentation and alveolar ridge preservation [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR233">233</xref>
–<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR237">237</xref>
]. The most commonly used and investigated BMPs for bone regeneration applications are BMP-2 & 7 [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR238">238</xref>
]. The efficacy of BMP‑2, osteogenin, osteoprotein‑1 in an adult baboon model for regeneration in surgically created large furcation defects in the mandibular first and second molar has been investigated [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR239">239</xref>
]. Also, significant periodontal regeneration of periodontal tissues was seen in periodontal defects treated with rhBMP-2 in beagle dogs [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR240">240</xref>
]. It is worth mentioning that until recently BMP-2 has not been approved by the FDA for human intraoral applications as the carriers and dosage of BMP-2 and -7 were still under regulatory review and investigation. However, rhBMP-2 is now the only osteoinductive bone graft that has been tested and approved by the FDA as an alternative to autograft for sinus lift and alveolar ridge augmentation. In addition, rhBMP-2 has more Level 1 clinical evidence than any other bone grafting material [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR241">241</xref>
].</p>
<p>BMP-2 may be more potent than BMP-7 as a bone forming agent due to its ability to induce both early and late osteogenic activity and matrix mineralization. BMP-7 assists primarily in later stages of bone formation. rhBMP-7 has not proven effectiveness and has therefore only received Humanitarian Device Exemption approval from the FDA [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR241">241</xref>
]. It was also found that the addition of rhBMP-2 to augment post-extraction human buccal bone defects resulted in statically significant gain of bone when compared to a control. The bone available for the placement of a dental implant was approximately twice as great in the rhBMP-2, with an acellular collagen sponge as carrier, group compared to no treatment or placebo; with an increasing gradient based on increasing dosage of rhBMP-2 [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR242">242</xref>
].</p>
<p>In general, despite those promising results, many clinician are still reporting minimal benefits if any of using BMPs and there is still some controversy that exists on the clinical effectiveness and safety of BMPs [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR243">243</xref>
–<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR245">245</xref>
]. This might also be related to the improper use of the rhBMP that needs to stay in the region of repair to influence skeletal formation. For this to happen, the rhBMPs must be utilized with a suitable carrier such as a collagen sponge [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR246">246</xref>
].</p>
<p>Further in depth studies are required for the development of delivery systems that can allow for controlled and precise release of BMPs for periodontal regeneration.</p>
</sec>
<sec id="Sec24"><title>Platelet-rich plasma (PRP)</title>
<p>PRP is an autogenous concentration of platelets in a small volume of plasma and is considered to be an extremely rich source of autogenous growth factors [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR247">247</xref>
]. Separating PRP from patient blood and adding to bone graft materials is a new approach [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR248">248</xref>
–<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR250">250</xref>
]. PRP has been used alone or in combination with autografts and allografts for the treatment of periodontal defects, extraction socket preservation, alveolar ridge augmentation, mandibular reconstruction, sinus floor elevation and maxillary cleft repair [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR251">251</xref>
]. Results have shown greater volume and denser bone compared to autografts used alone for bone regeneration [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR252">252</xref>
]. The improvement in the bone healing potential is believed to be due to the growth factors present in PRP [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR251">251</xref>
], and several studies have reported positive results from PRP use on bone regeneration [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR253">253</xref>
–<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR257">257</xref>
]. However, controversy still exists on PRP efficacy when used to treat infrabony periodontal defects. A recent meta-analysis on prospective clinical studies concluded that there was High heterogeneity among studies reporting on PRP in periodontal regeneration which made it difficult to draw clear conclusions. Nonetheless, within the limitations of that review, PRP might offer some beneficial effects on clinical and radiographic outcomes for regeneration of periodontal intrabony defects [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR258">258</xref>
].</p>
</sec>
<sec id="Sec25"><title>Three-dimensional (3D) printing</title>
<p>The technology of three-dimensional (3D) printing allows for scaffold fabrication with high precision allowing for the creation of very detailed 3D structures [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR259">259</xref>
]. Pathological or trauma induced damage to periodontal tissues can be potentially be treated by inducing bone-ligament complex regeneration using tissue engineered scaffolds [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR260">260</xref>
, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR261">261</xref>
]. Direct 3D printing, stereolithography, selective laser sintering and fused deposition modeling are some of the common techniques used to fabricate scaffolds ranging from millimeter to nanometer size scale [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR262">262</xref>
]. To achieve regeneration of complex tissue structures such as the periodontium, biomaterials are used as 3D templates for providing the extracellular matrix environment for the desired regenerative process [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR91">91</xref>
]. Their efficacy of biomaterials for regenerating new periodontal ligaments has been shown in preclinical experiments [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR263">263</xref>
]. A variety of natural and synthetic polymers can be used for 3D printing of scaffolds of desired configuration, size and architecture matching the defect [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR264">264</xref>
, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR265">265</xref>
]. The use of faster resorbing polymers such as polylactic-coglycolic acid and gelatin as scaffolds with a highly porous structure has been shown to result in improved vascularization and tissue ingrowth [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR261">261</xref>
, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR266">266</xref>
]. Further, 3D printed constructs cell based approaches and allow for the localized delivery biologics and osteogenic molecules such as bone morphogenetic proteins to potentially improve tissue growth, leading to more predictable periodontal regeneration. This can be achieved by the use of scaffolds that can provide biomechanical cues that allow for perpendicular alignment of periodontal fibers to the root surface, provide osteogenic cues and suitable space for bone regeneration and transport and stabilize cells capable of cementogenesis onto the root surface [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR260">260</xref>
]. 3D printing strategy for achieving in vivo periodontal regeneration has great promise, however, there is a need for optimization and preclinical testing in large animal models and extensive human clinical trials to prove efficacy.</p>
</sec>
<sec id="Sec26"><title>Mineralization strategies for in situ attachment of periodontal membranes</title>
<p>The success or failure of periodontal regenerative procedures depends greatly on the structure of the surgical site, inter-individual variation and surgical skills. This variability is to a great degree due to the fact that none of the current membranes are designed to directly attach to the tooth surface and therefore provide a real barrier for migrating gingival epithelial cells. The result is epithelial down growth resulting in long junctional epithelium (JE), which is keratinized and provides no functional attachment [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR267">267</xref>
, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR268">268</xref>
]. Since the mineralization of the basement membrane has been reported to mediate dentogingival adhesion in mammalian and non-mammalian vertebrates [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR269">269</xref>
], exploring the feasibility of in situ mineralization can conceivably be used to create a physical attachment to a conditioned tooth surface. However, the applicability of this concept in vivo to provide functional attachment capable of inhibiting epithelial down growth remains to be demonstrated.</p>
</sec>
</sec>
<sec id="Sec27"><title>The future of periodontal regeneration</title>
<p>A recent consensus report from the American Academy of Periodontology Regeneration Workshop reported that the application of protein and peptide therapy, cell-based therapy, genetic therapy, application of scaffolds, bone anabolics, and lasers were amongst the emerging technologies for periodontal regeneration and are expanding the potential of reconstructing the entire periodontal organ system. However, there is still insufficient evidence on emerging periodontal regenerative technologies to warrant definitive clinical recommendations [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR270">270</xref>
]. In addition, several studies have demonstrated a good interaction between organic or inorganic scaffolds and adult stem cells in vitro. Thus, tissue engineering approaches have significantly and successfully enhanced the potential for bone regeneration in in vivo grafts. In the future, custom-made 3Dcomposite scaffolds grafted with stem cells and precisely tailored to complement the exact shape of the bone defect can be developed to facilitate complete restoration of defects in both hard and soft tissues [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR271">271</xref>
].</p>
</sec>
<sec id="Sec28"><title>Conclusions</title>
<p>The development of biomaterials for periodontal regenerative applications is a challenge from engineering and a biological perspective. Extensive research has been carried out over the past few decades for the development of novel biomaterial options. Various hard tissue grafts and barrier membranes have been investigated for use in different combinations to promote periodontal regeneration. It is quite evident that the mechanical properties, biological behaviour and biodegradation mechanism vary for different graft materials. Dental surgeons need to be familiar with the clinical, biomaterials and biological factors involved in periodontal regeneration. With this, case selection, surgical technique, bone graft selection, membrane selection, and postoperative management can be directed towards obtaining the best clinical results. To date, there is no ideal biomaterial option or surgical technique that consistently provides perfect clinical results with regards to periodontal regeneration. Further extensive research is required with a need to focus on improving the biological interfacing between the graft material and the host tissues. Further approaches in the field of periodontal regeneration will rely on a combination of therapies with using improved biomaterial options. The future of periodontal repair/ regeneration seems promising with doors wide open for researchers to use new and emerging technologies in transforming predictable full periodontal regeneration from a being a dream into becoming a clinical reality.</p>
</sec>
</body>
<back><ack><title>Acknowledgements</title>
<p>Not applicable.</p>
<sec id="FPar1"><title>Funding</title>
<p>This work was supported by:</p>
<p><sup>1</sup>
Alpha Omega Foundation of Canada, Research Grant (2015–2016 and 2016–2017) to Zeeshan Sheikh.</p>
<p><sup>2</sup>
American Academy of Implant Dentistry Foundation, Research Grant (2015–2017) to Zeeshan Sheikh.</p>
<p><sup>3</sup>
Discovery Grant from the National Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC, #RGPIN-490975) to Bernhard Ganss.</p>
</sec>
<sec id="FPar2"><title>Availability of data and materials</title>
<p>Data sharing not applicable to this article.</p>
</sec>
<sec id="FPar3"><title>Authors’ contributions</title>
<p>ZS and NH were responsible for initial literature review and writing of the manuscript. Both ZS and NH contributed equally towards the completion of the manuscript including all tables and original figures presented. YI and BG wrote the section pertaining to mineralization strategies for in situ attachment of periodontal membranes. MGrynpas was responsible for writing the section on Allopast materials (Calcium polyphosphate). MGlogauer was responsible for directing the overall manuscript organization as well as the topics. MGrynpas, MGlogauer and BG also played a major part in the editing of the paper. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.</p>
</sec>
<sec id="FPar4"><title>Competing interests</title>
<p>The authors declare that they have no competing interests.</p>
</sec>
<sec id="FPar5"><title>Consent for publication</title>
<p>Not applicable.</p>
</sec>
<sec id="FPar6"><title>Ethics approval and consent to participate</title>
<p>Not applicable.</p>
</sec>
<sec id="FPar7"><title>Publisher’s Note</title>
<p>Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.</p>
</sec>
</ack>
<ref-list id="Bib1"><title>References</title>
<ref id="CR1"><label>1.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Listl</surname>
<given-names>S</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Galloway</surname>
<given-names>J</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Mossey</surname>
<given-names>P</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Marcenes</surname>
<given-names>W</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Global economic impact of dental diseases</article-title>
<source>J Dent Res</source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>94</volume>
<fpage>1355</fpage>
<lpage>61</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1177/0022034515602879</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">26318590</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="CR2"><label>2.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Albandar</surname>
<given-names>JM</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Epidemiology and risk factors of periodontal diseases</article-title>
<source>Dent Clin N Am</source>
<year>2005</year>
<volume>49</volume>
<fpage>517</fpage>
<lpage>32</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1016/j.cden.2005.03.003</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">15978239</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="CR3"><label>3.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Loesche</surname>
<given-names>WJ</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Grossman</surname>
<given-names>NS</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Periodontal disease as a specific, albeit chronic, infection: diagnosis and treatment</article-title>
<source>Clin Microbiol Rev</source>
<year>2001</year>
<volume>14</volume>
<fpage>727</fpage>
<lpage>52</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1128/CMR.14.4.727-752.2001</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">11585783</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="CR4"><label>4.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Ramseier</surname>
<given-names>CA</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Rasperini</surname>
<given-names>G</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Batia</surname>
<given-names>S</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Giannobile</surname>
<given-names>WV</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Advanced reconstructive technologies for periodontal tissue repair</article-title>
<source>Periodontol 2000</source>
<year>2012</year>
<volume>59</volume>
<fpage>185</fpage>
<lpage>202</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1111/j.1600-0757.2011.00432.x</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">22507066</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="CR5"><label>5.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Misch</surname>
<given-names>CM</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Autogenous bone: is it still the gold standard?</article-title>
<source>Implant Dent</source>
<year>2010</year>
<volume>19</volume>
<fpage>361</fpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1097/ID.0b013e3181f8115b</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">20881805</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="CR6"><label>6.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Younger</surname>
<given-names>EM</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Chapman</surname>
<given-names>MW</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Morbidity at bone graft donor sites</article-title>
<source>J Orthop Trauma</source>
<year>1989</year>
<volume>3</volume>
<fpage>192</fpage>
<lpage>5</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1097/00005131-198909000-00002</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">2809818</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="CR7"><label>7.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Johansson</surname>
<given-names>B</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Grepe</surname>
<given-names>A</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Wannfors</surname>
<given-names>K</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Hirsch</surname>
<given-names>J</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>A clinical study of changes in the volume of bone grafts in the atrophic maxilla</article-title>
<source>Dentomaxillofac Radiol</source>
<year>2001</year>
<volume>30</volume>
<fpage>157</fpage>
<lpage>61</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1038/sj.dmfr.4600601</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">11420628</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="CR8"><label>8.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Eppley</surname>
<given-names>BL</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Pietrzak</surname>
<given-names>WS</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Blanton</surname>
<given-names>MW</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Allograft and alloplastic bone substitutes: a review of science and technology for the craniomaxillofacial surgeon</article-title>
<source>J Craniofac Surg</source>
<year>2005</year>
<volume>16</volume>
<fpage>981</fpage>
<lpage>9</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1097/01.scs.0000179662.38172.dd</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">16327544</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="CR9"><label>9.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Reddi</surname>
<given-names>AH</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Wientroub</surname>
<given-names>S</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Muthukumaran</surname>
<given-names>N</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Biologic principles of bone induction</article-title>
<source>Orthop Clin North Am</source>
<year>1987</year>
<volume>18</volume>
<fpage>207</fpage>
<lpage>12</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">3561974</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="CR10"><label>10.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Lee</surname>
<given-names>M-J</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Kim</surname>
<given-names>B-O</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Yu</surname>
<given-names>S-J</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Clinical evaluation of a biphasic calcium phosphate grafting material in the treatment of human periodontal intrabony defects</article-title>
<source>J Periodontal Implant Sci</source>
<year>2012</year>
<volume>42</volume>
<fpage>127</fpage>
<lpage>35</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.5051/jpis.2012.42.4.127</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">22977742</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="CR11"><label>11.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Sheikh</surname>
<given-names>Z</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Qureshi</surname>
<given-names>J</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Alshahrani</surname>
<given-names>AM</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Nassar</surname>
<given-names>H</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Ikeda</surname>
<given-names>Y</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Glogauer</surname>
<given-names>M</given-names>
</name>
<etal></etal>
</person-group>
<article-title>Collagen based barrier membranes for periodontal guided bone regeneration applications</article-title>
<source>Odontology</source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>105</volume>
<fpage>1</fpage>
<lpage>12</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1007/s10266-016-0267-0</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">27613193</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="CR12"><label>12.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="book"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Sheikh</surname>
<given-names>Z</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Abdallah</surname>
<given-names>MN</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Hamdan</surname>
<given-names>N</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Javaid</surname>
<given-names>MA</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Khurshid</surname>
<given-names>Z</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<person-group person-group-type="editor"><name><surname>Matilinna</surname>
<given-names>KP</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Barrier membranes for tissue regeneration and bone augmentation techniques in dentistry</article-title>
<source>Handbook of oral biomaterials</source>
<year>2014</year>
<publisher-loc>Singapore</publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>Pan Stanford Publishing</publisher-name>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="CR13"><label>13.</label>
<mixed-citation publication-type="other">Sheikh ZA, A. Javaid, MA. Abdallah, MN. Bone replacement graft materials in dentistry. In: Khurshid Z SZ, editor. Dental biomaterials (Principle and its Application). 2nd ed: Paramount Publishing Enterprise; 2013.</mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="CR14"><label>14.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Sheikh</surname>
<given-names>Z</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Najeeb</surname>
<given-names>S</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Khurshid</surname>
<given-names>Z</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Verma</surname>
<given-names>V</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Rashid</surname>
<given-names>H</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Glogauer</surname>
<given-names>M</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Biodegradable materials for bone repair and tissue engineering applications</article-title>
<source>Materials</source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>8</volume>
<fpage>5744</fpage>
<lpage>94</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.3390/ma8095273</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="CR15"><label>15.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Sheikh</surname>
<given-names>Z</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Abdallah</surname>
<given-names>M-N</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Hanafi</surname>
<given-names>AA</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Misbahuddin</surname>
<given-names>S</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Rashid</surname>
<given-names>H</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Glogauer</surname>
<given-names>M</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Mechanisms of in vivo degradation and resorption of calcium phosphate based biomaterials</article-title>
<source>Materials</source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>8</volume>
<fpage>7913</fpage>
<lpage>25</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.3390/ma8115430</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="CR16"><label>16.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Sheikh</surname>
<given-names>Z</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Brooks</surname>
<given-names>PJ</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Barzilay</surname>
<given-names>O</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Fine</surname>
<given-names>N</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Glogauer</surname>
<given-names>M</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Macrophages, foreign body giant cells and their response to implantable biomaterials</article-title>
<source>Materials</source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>8</volume>
<fpage>5671</fpage>
<lpage>701</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.3390/ma8095269</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="CR17"><label>17.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>McAllister</surname>
<given-names>BS</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Haghighat</surname>
<given-names>K</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Bone augmentation techniques</article-title>
<source>J Periodontol</source>
<year>2007</year>
<volume>78</volume>
<fpage>377</fpage>
<lpage>96</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1902/jop.2007.060048</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">17335361</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="CR18"><label>18.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Draenert</surname>
<given-names>FG</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Huetzen</surname>
<given-names>D</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Neff</surname>
<given-names>A</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Mueller</surname>
<given-names>WE</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Vertical bone augmentation procedures: basics and techniques in dental implantology</article-title>
<source>J Biomed Mater Res A</source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>102</volume>
<fpage>1605</fpage>
<lpage>13</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1002/jbm.a.34812</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">23733418</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="CR19"><label>19.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Misch</surname>
<given-names>CM</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Comparison of intraoral donor sites for onlay grafting prior to implant placement</article-title>
<source>Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants</source>
<year>1997</year>
<volume>12</volume>
<fpage>767</fpage>
<lpage>76</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">9425757</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="CR20"><label>20.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Simion</surname>
<given-names>M</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Jovanovic</surname>
<given-names>SA</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Tinti</surname>
<given-names>C</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Benfenati</surname>
<given-names>SP</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Long-term evaluation of osseointegrated implants inserted at the time or after vertical ridge augmentation. A retrospective study on 123 implants with 1–5 year follow-up</article-title>
<source>Clin Oral Implants Res</source>
<year>2001</year>
<volume>12</volume>
<fpage>35</fpage>
<lpage>45</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1034/j.1600-0501.2001.012001035.x</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">11168269</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="CR21"><label>21.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Cypher</surname>
<given-names>TJ</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Grossman</surname>
<given-names>JP</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Biological principles of bone graft healing</article-title>
<source>J Foot Ankle Surg</source>
<year>1996</year>
<volume>35</volume>
<fpage>413</fpage>
<lpage>7</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1016/S1067-2516(96)80061-5</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">8915864</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="CR22"><label>22.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Simion</surname>
<given-names>M</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Fontana</surname>
<given-names>F</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Autogenous and xenogeneic bone grafts for the bone regeneration. A literature review</article-title>
<source>Minerva Stomatol</source>
<year>2004</year>
<volume>53</volume>
<fpage>191</fpage>
<lpage>206</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">15263876</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="CR23"><label>23.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Jackson</surname>
<given-names>IT</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Helden</surname>
<given-names>G</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Marx</surname>
<given-names>R</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Skull bone grafts in maxillofacial and craniofacial surgery</article-title>
<source>J Oral Maxillofac Surg</source>
<year>1986</year>
<volume>44</volume>
<fpage>949</fpage>
<lpage>55</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1016/S0278-2391(86)80048-9</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">3537238</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="CR24"><label>24.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Nkenke</surname>
<given-names>E</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Weisbach</surname>
<given-names>V</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Winckler</surname>
<given-names>E</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Kessler</surname>
<given-names>P</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Schultze-Mosgau</surname>
<given-names>S</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Wiltfang</surname>
<given-names>J</given-names>
</name>
<etal></etal>
</person-group>
<article-title>Morbidity of harvesting of bone grafts from the iliac crest for preprosthetic augmentation procedures: a prospective study</article-title>
<source>Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg</source>
<year>2004</year>
<volume>33</volume>
<fpage>157</fpage>
<lpage>63</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1054/ijom.2003.0465</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">15050072</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="CR25"><label>25.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="book"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Wilk</surname>
<given-names>R</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<person-group person-group-type="editor"><name><surname>M</surname>
<given-names>M</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Bony reconstruction of the jaws</article-title>
<source>Peterson’s principles of oral and maxillofacial surgery</source>
<year>2004</year>
<edition>2</edition>
<publisher-loc>Hamilton</publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>B C Decker</publisher-name>
<fpage>785</fpage>
<lpage>7</lpage>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="CR26"><label>26.</label>
<mixed-citation publication-type="other">Rocchietta I, Simion M, Hoffmann M, Trisciuoglio D, Benigni M, Dahlin C. Vertical bone augmentation with an autogenous block or particles in combination with guided bone regeneration: a clinical and histological preliminary study in humans. Clin Implant Dent Relat Res. 2015;18(1):19–29</mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="CR27"><label>27.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Merli</surname>
<given-names>M</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Lombardini</surname>
<given-names>F</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Esposito</surname>
<given-names>M</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Vertical ridge augmentation with autogenous bone grafts 3 years after loading: resorbable barriers versus titanium-reinforced barriers. A randomized controlled clinical trial</article-title>
<source>Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants</source>
<year>2010</year>
<volume>25</volume>
<fpage>801</fpage>
<lpage>7</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">20657877</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="CR28"><label>28.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Block</surname>
<given-names>MS</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Degen</surname>
<given-names>M</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Horizontal ridge augmentation using human mineralized particulate bone: preliminary results</article-title>
<source>J Oral Maxillofac Surg</source>
<year>2004</year>
<volume>62</volume>
<fpage>67</fpage>
<lpage>72</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1016/j.joms.2004.05.209</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">15332183</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="CR29"><label>29.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Araujo</surname>
<given-names>PP</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Oliveira</surname>
<given-names>KP</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Montenegro</surname>
<given-names>SC</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Carreiro</surname>
<given-names>AF</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Silva</surname>
<given-names>JS</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Germano</surname>
<given-names>AR</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Block allograft for reconstruction of alveolar bone ridge in implantology: a systematic review</article-title>
<source>Implant Dent</source>
<year>2013</year>
<volume>22</volume>
<fpage>304</fpage>
<lpage>8</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1097/ID.0b013e318289e311</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">23680976</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="CR30"><label>30.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Sterio</surname>
<given-names>TW</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Katancik</surname>
<given-names>JA</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Blanchard</surname>
<given-names>SB</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Xenoudi</surname>
<given-names>P</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Mealey</surname>
<given-names>BL</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>A prospective, multicenter study of bovine pericardium membrane with cancellous particulate allograft for localized alveolar ridge augmentation</article-title>
<source>Int J Periodontics Restorative Dent</source>
<year>2013</year>
<volume>33</volume>
<fpage>499</fpage>
<lpage>507</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.11607/prd.1704</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">23820710</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="CR31"><label>31.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Aguzzi</surname>
<given-names>A</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Barbara</surname>
<given-names>J</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Brown</surname>
<given-names>P</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Budka</surname>
<given-names>H</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Diringer</surname>
<given-names>H</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Dormont</surname>
<given-names>D</given-names>
</name>
<etal></etal>
</person-group>
<article-title>Medicinal and other products and human and animal transmissible spongiform encephalopathies</article-title>
<source>Bull World Health Organ</source>
<year>1997</year>
<volume>75</volume>
<fpage>505</fpage>
<lpage>13</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">9509622</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="CR32"><label>32.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Buck</surname>
<given-names>B</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Malinin</surname>
<given-names>TI</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Brown</surname>
<given-names>MD</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Bone transplantation and human immunodeficiency virus: an estimate of risk of Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS)</article-title>
<source>Clin Orthop Relat R</source>
<year>1989</year>
<volume>240</volume>
<fpage>129</fpage>
<lpage>36</lpage>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="CR33"><label>33.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Drobyski</surname>
<given-names>WR</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Knox</surname>
<given-names>KK</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Majewski</surname>
<given-names>D</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Carrigan</surname>
<given-names>DR</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Fatal encephalitis due to variant B human herpesvirus-6 infection in a bone marrow-transplant recipient</article-title>
<source>N Engl J Med</source>
<year>1994</year>
<volume>330</volume>
<fpage>1356</fpage>
<lpage>60</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1056/NEJM199405123301905</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">8152447</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="CR34"><label>34.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Mroz</surname>
<given-names>TE</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Joyce</surname>
<given-names>MJ</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Steinmetz</surname>
<given-names>MP</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Lieberman</surname>
<given-names>IH</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Wang</surname>
<given-names>JC</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Musculoskeletal allograft risks and recalls in the United States</article-title>
<source>J Am Acad Orthop Surg</source>
<year>2008</year>
<volume>16</volume>
<fpage>559</fpage>
<lpage>65</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.5435/00124635-200810000-00001</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">18832599</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="CR35"><label>35.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Al Ruhaimi</surname>
<given-names>KA</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Bone graft substitutes: a comparative qualitative histologic review of current osteoconductive grafting materials</article-title>
<source>Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants</source>
<year>2001</year>
<volume>16</volume>
<fpage>105</fpage>
<lpage>14</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">11280355</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="CR36"><label>36.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Dias</surname>
<given-names>RR</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Sehn</surname>
<given-names>FP</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>de Santana Santos</surname>
<given-names>T</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Silva</surname>
<given-names>ER</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Chaushu</surname>
<given-names>G</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Xavier</surname>
<given-names>SP</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Corticocancellous fresh-frozen allograft bone blocks for augmenting atrophied posterior mandibles in humans</article-title>
<source>Clin Oral Implants Res</source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>27</volume>
<fpage>39</fpage>
<lpage>46</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1111/clr.12509</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">25359672</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="CR37"><label>37.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Macedo</surname>
<given-names>LG</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Mazzucchelli-Cosmo</surname>
<given-names>LA</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Macedo</surname>
<given-names>NL</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Monteiro</surname>
<given-names>AS</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Sendyk</surname>
<given-names>WR</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Fresh-frozen human bone allograft in vertical ridge augmentation: clinical and tomographic evaluation of bone formation and resorption</article-title>
<source>Cell Tissue Bank</source>
<year>2012</year>
<volume>13</volume>
<fpage>577</fpage>
<lpage>86</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1007/s10561-011-9274-0</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">21811779</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="CR38"><label>38.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Contar</surname>
<given-names>CM</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Sarot</surname>
<given-names>JR</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>da Costa</surname>
<given-names>MB</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Bordini</surname>
<given-names>J</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>de Lima</surname>
<given-names>AA</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Alanis</surname>
<given-names>LR</given-names>
</name>
<etal></etal>
</person-group>
<article-title>Fresh-frozen bone allografts in maxillary ridge augmentation: histologic analysis</article-title>
<source>J Oral Implantol</source>
<year>2011</year>
<volume>37</volume>
<fpage>223</fpage>
<lpage>31</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1563/AAID-JOI-D-09-00108</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">20545545</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="CR39"><label>39.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Contar</surname>
<given-names>CM</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Sarot</surname>
<given-names>JR</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Bordini</surname>
<given-names>J</given-names>
<suffix>Jr</suffix>
</name>
<name><surname>Galvao</surname>
<given-names>GH</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Nicolau</surname>
<given-names>GV</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Machado</surname>
<given-names>MA</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Maxillary ridge augmentation with fresh-frozen bone allografts</article-title>
<source>J Oral Maxillofac Surg</source>
<year>2009</year>
<volume>67</volume>
<fpage>1280</fpage>
<lpage>5</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1016/j.joms.2008.11.010</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">19446217</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="CR40"><label>40.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Quattlebaum</surname>
<given-names>JB</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Mellonig</surname>
<given-names>JT</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Hensel</surname>
<given-names>NF</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Antigenicity of freeze-dried cortical bone allograft in human periodontal osseous defects</article-title>
<source>J Periodontol</source>
<year>1988</year>
<volume>59</volume>
<fpage>394</fpage>
<lpage>7</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1902/jop.1988.59.6.394</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">2455783</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="CR41"><label>41.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Friedlaender</surname>
<given-names>GE</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Strong</surname>
<given-names>DM</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Sell</surname>
<given-names>KW</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Studies on the antigenicity of bone. I. Freeze-dried and deep-frozen bone allografts in rabbits</article-title>
<source>J Bone Joint Surg Am</source>
<year>1976</year>
<volume>58</volume>
<fpage>854</fpage>
<lpage>8</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.2106/00004623-197658060-00018</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">783164</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="CR42"><label>42.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><collab>Committee on Research S</collab>
</person-group>
<article-title>Tissue banking of bone allografts used in periodontal regeneration</article-title>
<source>J Periodontol</source>
<year>2001</year>
<volume>72</volume>
<fpage>834</fpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1902/jop.2001.72.6.834</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">11453248</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="CR43"><label>43.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Mellonig</surname>
<given-names>JT</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Human histologic evaluation of a bovine-derived bone xenograft in the treatment of periodontal osseous defects</article-title>
<source>Int J Periodontics Restorative Dent</source>
<year>2000</year>
<volume>20</volume>
<fpage>19</fpage>
<lpage>29</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">11203545</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="CR44"><label>44.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Mellonig</surname>
<given-names>JT</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Freeze-dried bone allografts in periodontal reconstructive surgery</article-title>
<source>Dent Clin N Am</source>
<year>1991</year>
<volume>35</volume>
<fpage>505</fpage>
<lpage>20</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">1879574</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="CR45"><label>45.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Kukreja</surname>
<given-names>BJ</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Dodwad</surname>
<given-names>V</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Kukreja</surname>
<given-names>P</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Ahuja</surname>
<given-names>S</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Mehra</surname>
<given-names>P</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>A comparative evaluation of platelet-rich plasma in combination with demineralized freeze-dried bone allograft and DFDBA alone in the treatment of periodontal intrabony defects: a clinicoradiographic study</article-title>
<source>J Indian Soc Periodontol</source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>18</volume>
<fpage>618</fpage>
<lpage>23</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.4103/0972-124X.142457</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">25425824</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="CR46"><label>46.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Blaggana</surname>
<given-names>V</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Gill</surname>
<given-names>AS</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Blaggana</surname>
<given-names>A</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>A clinical and radiological evaluation of the relative efficacy of demineralized freeze-dried bone allograft versus anorganic bovine bone xenograft in the treatment of human infrabony periodontal defects: a 6 months follow-up study</article-title>
<source>J Indian Soc Periodontol</source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>18</volume>
<fpage>601</fpage>
<lpage>7</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.4103/0972-124X.142454</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">25425822</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="CR47"><label>47.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Markou</surname>
<given-names>N</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Pepelassi</surname>
<given-names>E</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Vavouraki</surname>
<given-names>H</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Stamatakis</surname>
<given-names>HC</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Nikolopoulos</surname>
<given-names>G</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Vrotsos</surname>
<given-names>I</given-names>
</name>
<etal></etal>
</person-group>
<article-title>Treatment of periodontal endosseous defects with platelet-rich plasma alone or in combination with demineralized freeze-dried bone allograft: a comparative clinical trial</article-title>
<source>J Periodontol</source>
<year>2009</year>
<volume>80</volume>
<fpage>1911</fpage>
<lpage>9</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1902/jop.2009.090216</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">19961374</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="CR48"><label>48.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Sunitha Raja</surname>
<given-names>V</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Naidu</surname>
<given-names>M</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Platelet-rich fibrin: evolution of a second-generation platelet concentrate</article-title>
<source>Indian J Dent Res</source>
<year>2008</year>
<volume>19</volume>
<fpage>42</fpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.4103/0970-9290.38931</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">18245923</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="CR49"><label>49.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Lyford</surname>
<given-names>RH</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Mills</surname>
<given-names>MP</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Knapp</surname>
<given-names>CI</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Scheyer</surname>
<given-names>ET</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Mellonig</surname>
<given-names>JT</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Clinical evaluation of freeze-dried block allografts for alveolar ridge augmentation: a case series</article-title>
<source>Int J Periodontics Restorative Dent</source>
<year>2003</year>
<volume>23</volume>
<fpage>417</fpage>
<lpage>25</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">14620116</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="CR50"><label>50.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Jacotti</surname>
<given-names>M</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Wang</surname>
<given-names>HL</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Fu</surname>
<given-names>JH</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Zamboni</surname>
<given-names>G</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Bernardello</surname>
<given-names>F</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Ridge augmentation with mineralized block allografts: clinical and histological evaluation of 8 cases treated with the 3-dimensional block technique</article-title>
<source>Implant Dent</source>
<year>2012</year>
<volume>21</volume>
<fpage>444</fpage>
<lpage>8</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1097/ID.0b013e31826f7a67</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">23114830</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="CR51"><label>51.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Wallace</surname>
<given-names>S</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Gellin</surname>
<given-names>R</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Clinical evaluation of freeze-dried cancellous block allografts for ridge augmentation and implant placement in the maxilla</article-title>
<source>Implant Dent</source>
<year>2010</year>
<volume>19</volume>
<fpage>272</fpage>
<lpage>9</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1097/ID.0b013e3181e5d2a1</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">20683283</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="CR52"><label>52.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Russell</surname>
<given-names>J</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Scarborough</surname>
<given-names>N</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Chesmel</surname>
<given-names>K</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Ability of commercial demineralized freeze-dried bone allograft to induce new bone formation</article-title>
<source>J Periodontol</source>
<year>1997</year>
<volume>68</volume>
<fpage>804</fpage>
<lpage>6</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1902/jop.1997.68.8.804</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="CR53"><label>53.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Hopp</surname>
<given-names>SG</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Dahners</surname>
<given-names>LE</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Gilbert</surname>
<given-names>JA</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>A study of the mechanical strength of long bone defects treated with various bone autograft substitutes: an experimental investigation in the rabbit</article-title>
<source>J Orthop Res</source>
<year>1989</year>
<volume>7</volume>
<fpage>579</fpage>
<lpage>84</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1002/jor.1100070416</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">2544712</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="CR54"><label>54.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Mellonig</surname>
<given-names>JT</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Bowers</surname>
<given-names>GM</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Bailey</surname>
<given-names>RC</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Comparison of bone graft materials. Part I. New bone formation with autografts and allografts determined by Strontium-85</article-title>
<source>J Periodontol</source>
<year>1981</year>
<volume>52</volume>
<fpage>291</fpage>
<lpage>6</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1902/jop.1981.52.6.291</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">7021791</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="CR55"><label>55.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Scarano</surname>
<given-names>A</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Degidi</surname>
<given-names>M</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Iezzi</surname>
<given-names>G</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Pecora</surname>
<given-names>G</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Piattelli</surname>
<given-names>M</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Orsini</surname>
<given-names>G</given-names>
</name>
<etal></etal>
</person-group>
<article-title>Maxillary sinus augmentation with different biomaterials: a comparative histologic and histomorphometric study in man</article-title>
<source>Implant Dent</source>
<year>2006</year>
<volume>15</volume>
<fpage>197</fpage>
<lpage>207</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1097/01.id.0000220120.54308.f3</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">16766904</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="CR56"><label>56.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Dodson</surname>
<given-names>SA</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Bernard</surname>
<given-names>GW</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Kenney</surname>
<given-names>EB</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Carranza</surname>
<given-names>FA</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>In vitro comparison of aged and young osteogenic and hemopoietic bone marrow stem cells and their derivative colonies</article-title>
<source>J Periodontol</source>
<year>1996</year>
<volume>67</volume>
<fpage>184</fpage>
<lpage>96</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1902/jop.1996.67.3.184</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">8708948</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="CR57"><label>57.</label>
<mixed-citation publication-type="other">Jergesen HE, Chua J, Kao RT, Kaban LB. Age effects on bone induction by demineralized bone powder. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1991:253–9.</mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="CR58"><label>58.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Thaller</surname>
<given-names>SR</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Hoyt</surname>
<given-names>J</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Borjeson</surname>
<given-names>K</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Dart</surname>
<given-names>A</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Tesluk</surname>
<given-names>H</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Reconstruction of calvarial defects with anorganic bovine bone mineral (Bio-Oss) in a rabbit model</article-title>
<source>J Craniofac Surg</source>
<year>1993</year>
<volume>4</volume>
<fpage>79</fpage>
<lpage>84</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1097/00001665-199304000-00005</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">8324087</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="CR59"><label>59.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>McAllister</surname>
<given-names>BS</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Margolin</surname>
<given-names>MD</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Cogan</surname>
<given-names>AG</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Buck</surname>
<given-names>D</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Hollinger</surname>
<given-names>JO</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Lynch</surname>
<given-names>SE</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Eighteen-month radiographic and histologic evaluation of sinus grafting with anorganic bovine bone in the chimpanzee</article-title>
<source>Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants</source>
<year>1999</year>
<volume>14</volume>
<fpage>361</fpage>
<lpage>8</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">10379109</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="CR60"><label>60.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Liu</surname>
<given-names>X</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Li</surname>
<given-names>Q</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Wang</surname>
<given-names>F</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Wang</surname>
<given-names>Z</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Maxillary sinus floor augmentation and dental implant placement using dentin matrix protein-1 gene-modified bone marrow stromal cells mixed with deproteinized boving bone: a comparative study in beagles</article-title>
<source>Arch Oral Biol</source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>64</volume>
<fpage>102</fpage>
<lpage>8</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1016/j.archoralbio.2016.01.004</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">26826470</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="CR61"><label>61.</label>
<mixed-citation publication-type="other">Jarcho M. Calcium phosphate ceramics as hard tissue prosthetics. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1981:259–78.</mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="CR62"><label>62.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Sogal</surname>
<given-names>A</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Tofe</surname>
<given-names>AJ</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Risk assessment of bovine spongiform encephalopathy transmission through bone graft material derived from bovine bone used for dental applications</article-title>
<source>J Periodontol</source>
<year>1999</year>
<volume>70</volume>
<fpage>1053</fpage>
<lpage>63</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1902/jop.1999.70.9.1053</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">10505809</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="CR63"><label>63.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Wenz</surname>
<given-names>B</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Oesch</surname>
<given-names>B</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Horst</surname>
<given-names>M</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Analysis of the risk of transmitting bovine spongiform encephalopathy through bone grafts derived from bovine bone</article-title>
<source>Biomaterials</source>
<year>2001</year>
<volume>22</volume>
<fpage>1599</fpage>
<lpage>606</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1016/S0142-9612(00)00312-4</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">11374460</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="CR64"><label>64.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Zitzmann</surname>
<given-names>NU</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Naef</surname>
<given-names>R</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Scharer</surname>
<given-names>P</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Resorbable versus nonresorbable membranes in combination with Bio-Oss for guided bone regeneration</article-title>
<source>Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants</source>
<year>1997</year>
<volume>12</volume>
<fpage>844</fpage>
<lpage>52</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">9425767</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="CR65"><label>65.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Yildirim</surname>
<given-names>M</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Spiekermann</surname>
<given-names>H</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Biesterfeld</surname>
<given-names>S</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Edelhoff</surname>
<given-names>D</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Maxillary sinus augmentation using xenogenic bone substitute material Bio-Oss in combination with venous blood. A histologic and histomorphometric study in humans</article-title>
<source>Clin Oral Implants Res</source>
<year>2000</year>
<volume>11</volume>
<fpage>217</fpage>
<lpage>29</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1034/j.1600-0501.2000.011003217.x</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">11168213</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="CR66"><label>66.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Proussaefs</surname>
<given-names>P</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Lozada</surname>
<given-names>J</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Kleinman</surname>
<given-names>A</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Rohrer</surname>
<given-names>MD</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>McMillan</surname>
<given-names>PJ</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>The use of titanium mesh in conjunction with autogenous bone graft and inorganic bovine bone mineral (Bio-Oss) for localized alveolar ridge augmentation: a human study</article-title>
<source>Int J Periodontics Restorative Dent</source>
<year>2003</year>
<volume>23</volume>
<fpage>185</fpage>
<lpage>95</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">12710822</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="CR67"><label>67.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Valentini</surname>
<given-names>P</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Abensur</surname>
<given-names>D</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Maxillary sinus floor elevation for implant placement with demineralized freeze-dried bone and bovine bone (Bio-Oss): a clinical study of 20 patients</article-title>
<source>Int J Periodontics Restorative Dent</source>
<year>1997</year>
<volume>17</volume>
<fpage>232</fpage>
<lpage>41</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">9497715</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="CR68"><label>68.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Wallace</surname>
<given-names>SS</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Froum</surname>
<given-names>SJ</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Cho</surname>
<given-names>S-C</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Elian</surname>
<given-names>N</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Monteiro</surname>
<given-names>D</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Kim</surname>
<given-names>BS</given-names>
</name>
<etal></etal>
</person-group>
<article-title>Sinus augmentation utilizing anorganic bovine bone (Bio-Oss) with absorbable and nonabsorbable membranes placed over the lateral window: histomorphometric and clinical analyses</article-title>
<source>Int J Periodontics Restorative Dent</source>
<year>2005</year>
<volume>25</volume>
<fpage>551</fpage>
<lpage>9</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">16353530</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="CR69"><label>69.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Proussaefs</surname>
<given-names>P</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Lozada</surname>
<given-names>J</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Rohrer</surname>
<given-names>MD</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>A clinical and histologic evaluation of a block onlay graft in conjunction with autogenous particulate and inorganic bovine mineral (Bio-Oss): a case report</article-title>
<source>Int J Periodontics Restorative Dent</source>
<year>2002</year>
<volume>22</volume>
<fpage>567</fpage>
<lpage>74</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">12516828</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="CR70"><label>70.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Berglundh</surname>
<given-names>T</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Lindhe</surname>
<given-names>J</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Healing around implants placed in bone defects treated with Bio‐Oss®. An experimental study in the dog</article-title>
<source>Clin Oral Implants Res</source>
<year>1997</year>
<volume>8</volume>
<fpage>117</fpage>
<lpage>24</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1034/j.1600-0501.1997.080206.x</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">9758962</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="CR71"><label>71.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Wallace</surname>
<given-names>SS</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Froum</surname>
<given-names>SJ</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Effect of maxillary sinus augmentation on the survival of endosseous dental implants. A systematic review</article-title>
<source>Ann Periodontol</source>
<year>2003</year>
<volume>8</volume>
<fpage>328</fpage>
<lpage>43</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1902/annals.2003.8.1.328</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">14971260</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="CR72"><label>72.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Felice</surname>
<given-names>P</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Marchetti</surname>
<given-names>C</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Iezzi</surname>
<given-names>G</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Piattelli</surname>
<given-names>A</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Worthington</surname>
<given-names>H</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Pellegrino</surname>
<given-names>G</given-names>
</name>
<etal></etal>
</person-group>
<article-title>Vertical ridge augmentation of the atrophic posterior mandible with interpositional bloc grafts: bone from the iliac crest vs bovine anorganic bone clinical and histological results up to one year after loading from a randomized-controlled clinical trial</article-title>
<source>Clin Oral Implants Res</source>
<year>2009</year>
<volume>20</volume>
<fpage>1386</fpage>
<lpage>93</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1111/j.1600-0501.2009.01765.x</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">19681966</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="CR73"><label>73.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Nannmark</surname>
<given-names>U</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Sennerby</surname>
<given-names>L</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>The bone tissue responses to prehydrated and collagenated cortico‐cancellous porcine bone grafts: a study in rabbit maxillary defects</article-title>
<source>Clin Implant Dent Relat Res</source>
<year>2008</year>
<volume>10</volume>
<fpage>264</fpage>
<lpage>70</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">18241216</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="CR74"><label>74.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Pearce</surname>
<given-names>A</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Richards</surname>
<given-names>R</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Milz</surname>
<given-names>S</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Schneider</surname>
<given-names>E</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Pearce</surname>
<given-names>S</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Animal models for implant biomaterial research in bone: a review</article-title>
<source>Eur Cell Mater</source>
<year>2007</year>
<volume>13</volume>
<fpage>1</fpage>
<lpage>10</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22203/eCM.v013a01</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">17334975</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="CR75"><label>75.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Festa</surname>
<given-names>VM</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Addabbo</surname>
<given-names>F</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Laino</surname>
<given-names>L</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Femiano</surname>
<given-names>F</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Rullo</surname>
<given-names>R</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Porcine‐derived xenograft combined with a soft cortical membrane versus extraction alone for implant site development: a clinical study in humans</article-title>
<source>Clin Implant Dent Relat Res</source>
<year>2013</year>
<volume>15</volume>
<fpage>707</fpage>
<lpage>13</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">22082037</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="CR76"><label>76.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>White</surname>
<given-names>E</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Shors</surname>
<given-names>E</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Biomaterial aspects of Interpore-200 porous hydroxyapatite</article-title>
<source>Dent Clin N Am</source>
<year>1986</year>
<volume>30</volume>
<fpage>49</fpage>
<lpage>67</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">3514293</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="CR77"><label>77.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="book"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Roy</surname>
<given-names>DM</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Linnehan</surname>
<given-names>SK</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source>Hydroxyapatite formed from coral skeletal carbonate by hydrothermal exchange</source>
<year>1974</year>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="CR78"><label>78.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Weber</surname>
<given-names>J</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>White</surname>
<given-names>EW</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Carbonate materials as precursors of new ceramic, metal, and polymer materials for biomedical applications</article-title>
<source>Miner Sci Eng</source>
<year>1973</year>
<volume>5</volume>
<fpage>151</fpage>
<lpage>65</lpage>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="CR79"><label>79.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Weber</surname>
<given-names>JN</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>White</surname>
<given-names>EW</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Lebiedzik</surname>
<given-names>J</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>New porous biomaterials by replication of echinoderm skeletal microstructures</article-title>
<source>Nature</source>
<year>1971</year>
<volume>233</volume>
<fpage>337</fpage>
<lpage>9</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1038/233337a0</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">4330070</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="CR80"><label>80.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Guillemin</surname>
<given-names>G</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Patat</surname>
<given-names>JL</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Fournie</surname>
<given-names>J</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Chetail</surname>
<given-names>M</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>The use of coral as a bone graft substitute</article-title>
<source>J Biomed Mater Res</source>
<year>1987</year>
<volume>21</volume>
<fpage>557</fpage>
<lpage>67</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1002/jbm.820210503</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">2884221</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="CR81"><label>81.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Yukna</surname>
<given-names>RA</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Clinical evaluation of coralline calcium carbonate as a bone replacement graft material in human periodontal osseous defects</article-title>
<source>J Periodontol</source>
<year>1994</year>
<volume>65</volume>
<fpage>177</fpage>
<lpage>85</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1902/jop.1994.65.2.177</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">8158515</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="CR82"><label>82.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Piattelli</surname>
<given-names>A</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Podda</surname>
<given-names>G</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Scarano</surname>
<given-names>A</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Clinical and histological results in alveolar ridge enlargement using coralline calcium carbonate</article-title>
<source>Biomaterials</source>
<year>1997</year>
<volume>18</volume>
<fpage>623</fpage>
<lpage>7</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1016/S0142-9612(96)00158-5</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">9134162</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="CR83"><label>83.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Gao</surname>
<given-names>TJ</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Tuominen</surname>
<given-names>TK</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Lindholm</surname>
<given-names>TS</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Kommonen</surname>
<given-names>B</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Lindholm</surname>
<given-names>TC</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Morphological and biomechanical difference in healing in segmental tibial defects implanted with Biocoral or tricalcium phosphate cylinders</article-title>
<source>Biomaterials</source>
<year>1997</year>
<volume>18</volume>
<fpage>219</fpage>
<lpage>23</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1016/S0142-9612(96)00133-0</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">9031722</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="CR84"><label>84.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Kim</surname>
<given-names>CK</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Choi</surname>
<given-names>EJ</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Cho</surname>
<given-names>KS</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Chai</surname>
<given-names>JK</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Wikesjo</surname>
<given-names>UM</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Periodontal repair in intrabony defects treated with a calcium carbonate implant and guided tissue regeneration</article-title>
<source>J Periodontol</source>
<year>1996</year>
<volume>67</volume>
<fpage>1301</fpage>
<lpage>6</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1902/jop.1996.67.12.1301</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">8997677</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="CR85"><label>85.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Sheikh</surname>
<given-names>Z</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Sima</surname>
<given-names>C</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Glogauer</surname>
<given-names>M</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Bone replacement materials and techniques used for achieving vertical alveolar bone augmentation</article-title>
<source>Materials</source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>8</volume>
<fpage>2953</fpage>
<lpage>93</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.3390/ma8062953</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="CR86"><label>86.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>AlGhamdi</surname>
<given-names>AS</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Shibly</surname>
<given-names>O</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Ciancio</surname>
<given-names>SG</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Osseous grafting part II: xenografts and alloplasts for periodontal regeneration--a literature review</article-title>
<source>J Int Acad Periodontol</source>
<year>2010</year>
<volume>12</volume>
<fpage>39</fpage>
<lpage>44</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">20465030</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="CR87"><label>87.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Shetty</surname>
<given-names>V</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Han</surname>
<given-names>TJ</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Alloplastic materials in reconstructive periodontal surgery</article-title>
<source>Dent Clin N Am</source>
<year>1991</year>
<volume>35</volume>
<fpage>521</fpage>
<lpage>30</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">1879575</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="CR88"><label>88.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Sheikh</surname>
<given-names>Z</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Geffers</surname>
<given-names>M</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Christel</surname>
<given-names>T</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Barralet</surname>
<given-names>JE</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Gbureck</surname>
<given-names>U</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Chelate setting of alkali ion substituted calcium phosphates</article-title>
<source>Ceram Int</source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>41</volume>
<fpage>10010</fpage>
<lpage>7</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1016/j.ceramint.2015.04.083</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="CR89"><label>89.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Wang</surname>
<given-names>H</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Li</surname>
<given-names>Y</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Zuo</surname>
<given-names>Y</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Li</surname>
<given-names>J</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Ma</surname>
<given-names>S</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Cheng</surname>
<given-names>L</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Biocompatibility and osteogenesis of biomimetic nano-hydroxyapatite/polyamide composite scaffolds for bone tissue engineering</article-title>
<source>Biomaterials</source>
<year>2007</year>
<volume>28</volume>
<fpage>3338</fpage>
<lpage>48</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1016/j.biomaterials.2007.04.014</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">17481726</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="CR90"><label>90.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Bagambisa</surname>
<given-names>FB</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Joos</surname>
<given-names>U</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Schilli</surname>
<given-names>W</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Mechanisms and structure of the bond between bone and hydroxyapatite ceramics</article-title>
<source>J Biomed Mater Res A</source>
<year>1993</year>
<volume>27</volume>
<fpage>1047</fpage>
<lpage>55</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1002/jbm.820270810</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="CR91"><label>91.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Tevlin</surname>
<given-names>R</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>McArdle</surname>
<given-names>A</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Atashroo</surname>
<given-names>D</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Walmsley</surname>
<given-names>GG</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Senarath-Yapa</surname>
<given-names>K</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Zielins</surname>
<given-names>ER</given-names>
</name>
<etal></etal>
</person-group>
<article-title>Biomaterials for craniofacial bone engineering</article-title>
<source>J Dent Res</source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>93</volume>
<fpage>1187</fpage>
<lpage>95</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1177/0022034514547271</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">25139365</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="CR92"><label>92.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Jarcho</surname>
<given-names>M</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Calcium phosphate ceramics as hard tissue prosthetics</article-title>
<source>Clin Orthop Relat R</source>
<year>1981</year>
<volume>157</volume>
<fpage>259</fpage>
<lpage>78</lpage>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="CR93"><label>93.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>De Groot</surname>
<given-names>K</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Bioceramics consisting of calcium phosphate salts</article-title>
<source>Biomaterials</source>
<year>1980</year>
<volume>1</volume>
<fpage>47</fpage>
<lpage>50</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1016/0142-9612(80)90059-9</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">7470552</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="CR94"><label>94.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Osborn</surname>
<given-names>J</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Newesely</surname>
<given-names>H</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>The material science of calcium phosphate ceramics</article-title>
<source>Biomaterials</source>
<year>1980</year>
<volume>1</volume>
<fpage>108</fpage>
<lpage>11</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1016/0142-9612(80)90009-5</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">7470556</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="CR95"><label>95.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Klein</surname>
<given-names>CP</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Driessen</surname>
<given-names>AA</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>de Groot</surname>
<given-names>K</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>van den Hooff</surname>
<given-names>A</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Biodegradation behavior of various calcium phosphate materials in bone tissue</article-title>
<source>J Biomed Mater Res</source>
<year>1983</year>
<volume>17</volume>
<fpage>769</fpage>
<lpage>84</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1002/jbm.820170505</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">6311838</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="CR96"><label>96.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Rabalais</surname>
<given-names>ML</given-names>
<suffix>Jr</suffix>
</name>
<name><surname>Yukna</surname>
<given-names>RA</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Mayer</surname>
<given-names>ET</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Evaluation of durapatite ceramic as an alloplastic implant in periodontal osseous defects. I. Initial six-month results</article-title>
<source>J Periodontol</source>
<year>1981</year>
<volume>52</volume>
<fpage>680</fpage>
<lpage>9</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1902/jop.1981.52.11.680</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">6271943</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="CR97"><label>97.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Meffert</surname>
<given-names>RM</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Thomas</surname>
<given-names>JR</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Hamilton</surname>
<given-names>KM</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Brownstein</surname>
<given-names>CN</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Hydroxylapatite as an alloplastic graft in the treatment of human periodontal osseous defects</article-title>
<source>J Periodontol</source>
<year>1985</year>
<volume>56</volume>
<fpage>63</fpage>
<lpage>73</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1902/jop.1985.56.2.63</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">2984403</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="CR98"><label>98.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Ricci</surname>
<given-names>JL</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Blumenthal</surname>
<given-names>NC</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Spivak</surname>
<given-names>JM</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Alexander</surname>
<given-names>H</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Evaluation of a low-temperature calcium phosphate particulate implant material: physical-chemical properties and in vivo bone response</article-title>
<source>J Oral Maxillofac Surg</source>
<year>1992</year>
<volume>50</volume>
<fpage>969</fpage>
<lpage>78</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1016/0278-2391(92)90058-8</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">1324300</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="CR99"><label>99.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Canullo</surname>
<given-names>L</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Trisi</surname>
<given-names>P</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Simion</surname>
<given-names>M</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Vertical ridge augmentation around implants using e-PTFE titanium-reinforced membrane and deproteinized bovine bone mineral (bio-oss): a case report</article-title>
<source>Int J Periodontics Restorative Dent</source>
<year>2006</year>
<volume>26</volume>
<fpage>355</fpage>
<lpage>61</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">16939017</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="CR100"><label>100.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Sugar</surname>
<given-names>AW</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Thielens</surname>
<given-names>P</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Stafford</surname>
<given-names>GD</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Willins</surname>
<given-names>MJ</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Augmentation of the atrophic maxillary alveolar ridge with hydroxyapatite granules in a Vicryl (polyglactin 910) knitted tube and simultaneous open vestibuloplasty</article-title>
<source>Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg</source>
<year>1995</year>
<volume>33</volume>
<fpage>93</fpage>
<lpage>7</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1016/0266-4356(95)90207-4</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">7772594</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="CR101"><label>101.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Small</surname>
<given-names>SA</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Zinner</surname>
<given-names>ID</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Panno</surname>
<given-names>FV</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Shapiro</surname>
<given-names>HJ</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Stein</surname>
<given-names>JI</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Augmenting the maxillary sinus for implants: report of 27 patients</article-title>
<source>Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants</source>
<year>1993</year>
<volume>8</volume>
<fpage>523</fpage>
<lpage>8</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">8112791</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="CR102"><label>102.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Tamimi</surname>
<given-names>F</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Sheikh</surname>
<given-names>Z</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Barralet</surname>
<given-names>J</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Dicalcium phosphate cements: brushite and monetite</article-title>
<source>Acta Biomater</source>
<year>2012</year>
<volume>8</volume>
<fpage>474</fpage>
<lpage>87</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1016/j.actbio.2011.08.005</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">21856456</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="CR103"><label>103.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Lu</surname>
<given-names>J</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Gallur</surname>
<given-names>A</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Flautre</surname>
<given-names>B</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Anselme</surname>
<given-names>K</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Descamps</surname>
<given-names>M</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Thierry</surname>
<given-names>B</given-names>
</name>
<etal></etal>
</person-group>
<article-title>Comparative study of tissue reactions to calcium phosphate ceramics among cancellous, cortical, and medullar bone sites in rabbits</article-title>
<source>J Biomed Mater Res</source>
<year>1998</year>
<volume>42</volume>
<fpage>357</fpage>
<lpage>67</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1002/(SICI)1097-4636(19981205)42:3<357::AID-JBM3>3.0.CO;2-I</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">9788497</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="CR104"><label>104.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Renooij</surname>
<given-names>W</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Hoogendoorn</surname>
<given-names>HA</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Visser</surname>
<given-names>WJ</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Lentferink</surname>
<given-names>RH</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Schmitz</surname>
<given-names>MG</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Van Ieperen</surname>
<given-names>H</given-names>
</name>
<etal></etal>
</person-group>
<article-title>Bioresorption of ceramic strontium-85-labeled calcium phosphate implants in Dog femora: a pilot study to quantitate bioresorption of ceramic implants of hydroxyapatite and tricalcium orthophosphate in vivo</article-title>
<source>Clin Orthop Relat R</source>
<year>1985</year>
<volume>197</volume>
<fpage>272</fpage>
<lpage>85</lpage>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="CR105"><label>105.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Nakajima</surname>
<given-names>Y</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Fiorellini</surname>
<given-names>JP</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Kim</surname>
<given-names>DM</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Weber</surname>
<given-names>HP</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Dent</surname>
<given-names>M</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Regeneration of standardized mandibular bone defects using expanded polytetrafluoroethylene membrane and various bone fillers</article-title>
<source>Int J Periodontics Restorative Dent</source>
<year>2007</year>
<volume>27</volume>
<fpage>151</fpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">17514887</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="CR106"><label>106.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Stavropoulos</surname>
<given-names>A</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Windisch</surname>
<given-names>P</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Szendröi-Kiss</surname>
<given-names>D</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Peter</surname>
<given-names>R</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Gera</surname>
<given-names>I</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Sculean</surname>
<given-names>A</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Clinical and histologic evaluation of granular beta-tricalcium phosphate for the treatment of human intrabony periodontal defects: a report on five cases</article-title>
<source>J Periodontol</source>
<year>2010</year>
<volume>81</volume>
<fpage>325</fpage>
<lpage>34</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1902/jop.2009.090386</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">20151813</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="CR107"><label>107.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Metsger</surname>
<given-names>DS</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Driskell</surname>
<given-names>T</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Paulsrud</surname>
<given-names>J</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Tricalcium phosphate ceramic—a resorbable bone implant: review and current status</article-title>
<source>J Am Dent Assoc</source>
<year>1982</year>
<volume>105</volume>
<fpage>1035</fpage>
<lpage>8</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.14219/jada.archive.1982.0408</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">6818267</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="CR108"><label>108.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Shalash</surname>
<given-names>MA</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Rahman</surname>
<given-names>HA</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Azim</surname>
<given-names>AA</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Neemat</surname>
<given-names>AH</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Hawary</surname>
<given-names>HE</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Nasry</surname>
<given-names>SA</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Evaluation of horizontal ridge augmentation using beta tricalcium phosphate and demineralized bone matrix: a comparative study</article-title>
<source>J Clin Exp Dent</source>
<year>2013</year>
<volume>5</volume>
<fpage>e253</fpage>
<lpage>9</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.4317/jced.51244</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">24455091</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="CR109"><label>109.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Wang</surname>
<given-names>S</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Zhang</surname>
<given-names>Z</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Zhao</surname>
<given-names>J</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Zhang</surname>
<given-names>X</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Sun</surname>
<given-names>X</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Xia</surname>
<given-names>L</given-names>
</name>
<etal></etal>
</person-group>
<article-title>Vertical alveolar ridge augmentation with beta-tricalcium phosphate and autologous osteoblasts in canine mandible</article-title>
<source>Biomaterials</source>
<year>2009</year>
<volume>30</volume>
<fpage>2489</fpage>
<lpage>98</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1016/j.biomaterials.2008.12.067</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">19147220</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="CR110"><label>110.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Nyan</surname>
<given-names>M</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Miyahara</surname>
<given-names>T</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Noritake</surname>
<given-names>K</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Hao</surname>
<given-names>J</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Rodriguez</surname>
<given-names>R</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Kasugai</surname>
<given-names>S</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Feasibility of alpha tricalcium phosphate for vertical bone augmentation</article-title>
<source>J Investig Clin Dent</source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>5</volume>
<fpage>109</fpage>
<lpage>16</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1111/jicd.12022</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="CR111"><label>111.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Schepers</surname>
<given-names>E</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>de Clercq</surname>
<given-names>M</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Ducheyne</surname>
<given-names>P</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Kempeneers</surname>
<given-names>R</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Bioactive glass particulate material as a filler for bone lesions</article-title>
<source>J Oral Rehabil</source>
<year>1991</year>
<volume>18</volume>
<fpage>439</fpage>
<lpage>52</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1111/j.1365-2842.1991.tb01689.x</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">1666125</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="CR112"><label>112.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Shue</surname>
<given-names>L</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Yufeng</surname>
<given-names>Z</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Mony</surname>
<given-names>U</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Biomaterials for periodontal regeneration: a review of ceramics and polymers</article-title>
<source>Biomatter</source>
<year>2012</year>
<volume>2</volume>
<fpage>271</fpage>
<lpage>7</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.4161/biom.22948</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">23507891</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="CR113"><label>113.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Schepers</surname>
<given-names>EJ</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Ducheyne</surname>
<given-names>P</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Bioactive glass particles of narrow size range for the treatment of oral bone defects: a 1–24 month experiment with several materials and particle sizes and size ranges</article-title>
<source>J Oral Rehabil</source>
<year>1997</year>
<volume>24</volume>
<fpage>171</fpage>
<lpage>81</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1111/j.1365-2842.1997.tb00311.x</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">9131472</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="CR114"><label>114.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Hall</surname>
<given-names>EE</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Meffert</surname>
<given-names>RM</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Hermann</surname>
<given-names>JS</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Mellonig</surname>
<given-names>JT</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Cochran</surname>
<given-names>DL</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Comparison of bioactive glass to demineralized freeze-dried bone allograft in the treatment of intrabony defects around implants in the canine mandible</article-title>
<source>J Periodontol</source>
<year>1999</year>
<volume>70</volume>
<fpage>526</fpage>
<lpage>35</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1902/jop.1999.70.5.526</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">10368057</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="CR115"><label>115.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Xynos</surname>
<given-names>ID</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Edgar</surname>
<given-names>AJ</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Buttery</surname>
<given-names>LD</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Hench</surname>
<given-names>LL</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Polak</surname>
<given-names>JM</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Gene‐expression profiling of human osteoblasts following treatment with the ionic products of Bioglass® 45S5 dissolution</article-title>
<source>J Biomed Mater Res A</source>
<year>2001</year>
<volume>55</volume>
<fpage>151</fpage>
<lpage>7</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1002/1097-4636(200105)55:2<151::AID-JBM1001>3.0.CO;2-D</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="CR116"><label>116.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Carvalho</surname>
<given-names>SM</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Oliveira</surname>
<given-names>AA</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Jardim</surname>
<given-names>CA</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Melo</surname>
<given-names>C</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Gomes</surname>
<given-names>DA</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Leite</surname>
<given-names>M</given-names>
</name>
<etal></etal>
</person-group>
<article-title>Characterization and induction of cementoblast cell proliferation by bioactive glass nanoparticles</article-title>
<source>J Tissue Eng Regen Med</source>
<year>2012</year>
<volume>6</volume>
<fpage>813</fpage>
<lpage>21</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1002/term.488</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">22499432</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="CR117"><label>117.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Nevins</surname>
<given-names>ML</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Camelo</surname>
<given-names>M</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Nevins</surname>
<given-names>M</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>King</surname>
<given-names>CJ</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Oringer</surname>
<given-names>RJ</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Schenk</surname>
<given-names>RK</given-names>
</name>
<etal></etal>
</person-group>
<article-title>Human histologic evaluation of bioactive ceramic in the treatment of periodontal osseous defects</article-title>
<source>Int J Periodontics Restorative Dent</source>
<year>2000</year>
<volume>20</volume>
<fpage>458</fpage>
<lpage>67</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">11203583</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="CR118"><label>118.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Knapp</surname>
<given-names>CI</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Feuille</surname>
<given-names>F</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Cochran</surname>
<given-names>DL</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Mellonig</surname>
<given-names>JT</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Clinical and histologic evaluation of bone-replacement grafts in the treatment of localized alveolar ridge defects. Part 2: bioactive glass particulate</article-title>
<source>Int J Periodontics Restorative Dent</source>
<year>2003</year>
<volume>23</volume>
<fpage>129</fpage>
<lpage>37</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">12710816</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="CR119"><label>119.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Tamimi</surname>
<given-names>F</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Torres</surname>
<given-names>J</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Lopez-Cabarcos</surname>
<given-names>E</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Bassett</surname>
<given-names>DC</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Habibovic</surname>
<given-names>P</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Luceron</surname>
<given-names>E</given-names>
</name>
<etal></etal>
</person-group>
<article-title>Minimally invasive maxillofacial vertical bone augmentation using brushite based cements</article-title>
<source>Biomaterials</source>
<year>2009</year>
<volume>30</volume>
<fpage>208</fpage>
<lpage>16</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1016/j.biomaterials.2008.09.032</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">18845335</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="CR120"><label>120.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Tamimi</surname>
<given-names>F</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Torres</surname>
<given-names>J</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Bassett</surname>
<given-names>D</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Barralet</surname>
<given-names>J</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Cabarcos</surname>
<given-names>EL</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Resorption of monetite granules in alveolar bone defects in human patients</article-title>
<source>Biomaterials</source>
<year>2010</year>
<volume>31</volume>
<fpage>2762</fpage>
<lpage>9</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1016/j.biomaterials.2009.12.039</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">20045555</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="CR121"><label>121.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Sheikh</surname>
<given-names>Z</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Drager</surname>
<given-names>J</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Zhang</surname>
<given-names>YL</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Abdallah</surname>
<given-names>MN</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Tamimi</surname>
<given-names>F</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Barralet</surname>
<given-names>J</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Controlling bone graft substitute microstructure to improve bone augmentation</article-title>
<source>Adv Healthc Mater</source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>5</volume>
<fpage>1646</fpage>
<lpage>55</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1002/adhm.201600052</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">27214877</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="CR122"><label>122.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Gehrke</surname>
<given-names>S</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Famà</surname>
<given-names>G</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Buccal dehiscence and sinus lift cases–predictable bone augmentation with synthetic bone material</article-title>
<source>Implants</source>
<year>2010</year>
<volume>11</volume>
<fpage>4</fpage>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="CR123"><label>123.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Tamimi</surname>
<given-names>FM</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Torres</surname>
<given-names>J</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Tresguerres</surname>
<given-names>I</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Clemente</surname>
<given-names>C</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Lopez-Cabarcos</surname>
<given-names>E</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Blanco</surname>
<given-names>LJ</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Bone augmentation in rabbit calvariae: comparative study between Bio-Oss (R) and a novel beta-TCP/DCPD granulate</article-title>
<source>J Clin Periodontol</source>
<year>2006</year>
<volume>33</volume>
<fpage>922</fpage>
<lpage>8</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1111/j.1600-051X.2006.01004.x</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">17092243</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="CR124"><label>124.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Sheikh</surname>
<given-names>Z</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Zhang</surname>
<given-names>YL</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Grover</surname>
<given-names>L</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Merle</surname>
<given-names>G</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Tamimi</surname>
<given-names>F</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Barralet</surname>
<given-names>J</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>In vitro degradation and in vivo resorption of dicalcium phosphate cement based grafts</article-title>
<source>Acta Biomater</source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>26</volume>
<fpage>338</fpage>
<lpage>46</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1016/j.actbio.2015.08.031</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">26300333</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="CR125"><label>125.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Tamimi</surname>
<given-names>F</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Torres</surname>
<given-names>J</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Kathan</surname>
<given-names>C</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Baca</surname>
<given-names>R</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Clemente</surname>
<given-names>C</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Blanco</surname>
<given-names>L</given-names>
</name>
<etal></etal>
</person-group>
<article-title>Bone regeneration in rabbit calvaria with novel monetite granules</article-title>
<source>J Biomed Mater Res A</source>
<year>2008</year>
<volume>87A</volume>
<fpage>980</fpage>
<lpage>5</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1002/jbm.a.31842</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="CR126"><label>126.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Sheikh</surname>
<given-names>Z</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Zhang</surname>
<given-names>YL</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Tamimi</surname>
<given-names>F</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Barralet</surname>
<given-names>J</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Effect of processing conditions of dicalcium phosphate cements on graft resorption and bone formation</article-title>
<source>Acta Biomater</source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>53</volume>
<fpage>526</fpage>
<lpage>35</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1016/j.actbio.2017.02.022</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">28213100</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="CR127"><label>127.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Gbureck</surname>
<given-names>U</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Hölzel</surname>
<given-names>T</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Klammert</surname>
<given-names>U</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Würzler</surname>
<given-names>K</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Müller</surname>
<given-names>FA</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Barralet</surname>
<given-names>JE</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Resorbable dicalcium phosphate bone substitutes prepared by 3D powder printing</article-title>
<source>Adv Funct Mater</source>
<year>2007</year>
<volume>17</volume>
<fpage>3940</fpage>
<lpage>5</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1002/adfm.200700019</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="CR128"><label>128.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Tamimi</surname>
<given-names>F</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Le Nihouannen</surname>
<given-names>D</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Eimar</surname>
<given-names>H</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Sheikh</surname>
<given-names>Z</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Komarova</surname>
<given-names>S</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Barralet</surname>
<given-names>J</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>The effect of autoclaving on the physical and biological properties of dicalcium phosphate dihydrate bioceramics: brushite vs. monetite</article-title>
<source>Acta Biomater</source>
<year>2012</year>
<volume>8</volume>
<fpage>3161</fpage>
<lpage>9</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1016/j.actbio.2012.04.025</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">22522010</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="CR129"><label>129.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Idowu</surname>
<given-names>B</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Cama</surname>
<given-names>G</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Deb</surname>
<given-names>S</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Di Silvio</surname>
<given-names>L</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>In vitro osteoinductive potential of porous monetite for bone tissue engineering</article-title>
<source>J Tissue Eng</source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>5</volume>
<fpage>2041731414536572</fpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1177/2041731414536572</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">24904727</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="CR130"><label>130.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Grynpas</surname>
<given-names>MD</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Pilliar</surname>
<given-names>RM</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Kandel</surname>
<given-names>RA</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Renlund</surname>
<given-names>R</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Filiaggi</surname>
<given-names>M</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Dumitriu</surname>
<given-names>M</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Porous calcium polyphosphate scaffolds for bone substitute applications in vivo studies</article-title>
<source>Biomaterials</source>
<year>2002</year>
<volume>23</volume>
<fpage>2063</fpage>
<lpage>70</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1016/S0142-9612(01)00336-2</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">11996048</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="CR131"><label>131.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Pilliar</surname>
<given-names>RM</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Filiaggi</surname>
<given-names>MJ</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Wells</surname>
<given-names>JD</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Grynpas</surname>
<given-names>MD</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Kandel</surname>
<given-names>RA</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Porous calcium polyphosphate scaffolds for bone substitute applications -- in vitro characterization</article-title>
<source>Biomaterials</source>
<year>2001</year>
<volume>22</volume>
<fpage>963</fpage>
<lpage>72</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1016/S0142-9612(00)00261-1</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">11311015</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="CR132"><label>132.</label>
<mixed-citation publication-type="other">Pilliar RM, Kandel RA, Grynpas MD, Theodoropoulos J, Hu Y, Allo B, et al. Calcium polyphosphate particulates for bone void filler applications. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater. 2016; [Epub ahead of print].</mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="CR133"><label>133.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Chen</surname>
<given-names>XR</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Bai</surname>
<given-names>J</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Yuan</surname>
<given-names>SJ</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Yu</surname>
<given-names>CX</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Huang</surname>
<given-names>J</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Zhang</surname>
<given-names>TL</given-names>
</name>
<etal></etal>
</person-group>
<article-title>Calcium phosphate nanoparticles are associated with inorganic phosphate-induced osteogenic differentiation of rat bone marrow stromal cells</article-title>
<source>Chem Biol Interact</source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>238</volume>
<fpage>111</fpage>
<lpage>7</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1016/j.cbi.2015.06.027</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">26111760</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="CR134"><label>134.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Nelson</surname>
<given-names>SR</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Wolford</surname>
<given-names>LM</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Lagow</surname>
<given-names>RJ</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Capano</surname>
<given-names>PJ</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Davis</surname>
<given-names>WL</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Evaluation of new high-performance calcium polyphosphate bioceramics as bone graft materials</article-title>
<source>J Oral Maxillofac Surg</source>
<year>1993</year>
<volume>51</volume>
<fpage>1363</fpage>
<lpage>71</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1016/S0278-2391(10)80143-0</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">8229417</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="CR135"><label>135.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>El Sayegh</surname>
<given-names>TY</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Pilliar</surname>
<given-names>RM</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>McCulloch</surname>
<given-names>CA</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Attachment, spreading, and matrix formation by human gingival fibroblasts on porous-structured titanium alloy and calcium polyphosphate substrates</article-title>
<source>J Biomed Mater Res</source>
<year>2002</year>
<volume>61</volume>
<fpage>482</fpage>
<lpage>92</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1002/jbm.10217</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">12115474</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="CR136"><label>136.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Wang</surname>
<given-names>FM</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Qiu</surname>
<given-names>K</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Hu</surname>
<given-names>T</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Wan</surname>
<given-names>CX</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Zhou</surname>
<given-names>XD</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Gutmann</surname>
<given-names>JL</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Biodegradable porous calcium polyphosphate scaffolds for the three-dimensional culture of dental pulp cells</article-title>
<source>Int Endod J</source>
<year>2006</year>
<volume>39</volume>
<fpage>477</fpage>
<lpage>83</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1111/j.1365-2591.2006.01114.x</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">16674743</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="CR137"><label>137.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Moore</surname>
<given-names>WR</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Graves</surname>
<given-names>SE</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Bain</surname>
<given-names>GI</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Synthetic bone graft substitutes</article-title>
<source>ANZ J Surg</source>
<year>2001</year>
<volume>71</volume>
<fpage>354</fpage>
<lpage>61</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1046/j.1440-1622.2001.02128.x</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">11409021</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="CR138"><label>138.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Pecora</surname>
<given-names>G</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Andreana</surname>
<given-names>S</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Margarone</surname>
<given-names>JE</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Covani</surname>
<given-names>U</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Sottosanti</surname>
<given-names>JS</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Bone regeneration with a calcium sulfate barrier</article-title>
<source>Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod</source>
<year>1997</year>
<volume>84</volume>
<fpage>424</fpage>
<lpage>9</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1016/S1079-2104(97)90043-3</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">9347509</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="CR139"><label>139.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Paolantonio</surname>
<given-names>M</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Perinetti</surname>
<given-names>G</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Dolci</surname>
<given-names>M</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Perfetti</surname>
<given-names>G</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Tetè</surname>
<given-names>S</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Sammartino</surname>
<given-names>G</given-names>
</name>
<etal></etal>
</person-group>
<article-title>Surgical treatment of periodontal intrabony defects with calcium sulfate implant and barrier versus collagen barrier or open flap debridement alone: a 12-month randomized controlled clinical trial</article-title>
<source>J Periodontol</source>
<year>2008</year>
<volume>79</volume>
<fpage>1886</fpage>
<lpage>93</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1902/jop.2008.080076</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">18834243</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="CR140"><label>140.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Sukumar</surname>
<given-names>S</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Drizhal</surname>
<given-names>I</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Paulusová</surname>
<given-names>V</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Bukac</surname>
<given-names>J</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Surgical treatment of periodontal intrabony defects with calcium sulphate in combination with beta-tricalcium phosphate: clinical observations two years post-surgery</article-title>
<source>Acta Medica (Hradec Kralove)</source>
<year>2011</year>
<volume>54</volume>
<fpage>13</fpage>
<lpage>20</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.14712/18059694.2016.11</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">21542418</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="CR141"><label>141.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Maragos</surname>
<given-names>P</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Bissada</surname>
<given-names>NF</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Wang</surname>
<given-names>R</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Cole</surname>
<given-names>BP</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Comparison of three methods using calcium sulfate as a graft/barrier material for the treatment of Class II mandibular molar furcation defects</article-title>
<source>Int J Periodontics Restorative Dent</source>
<year>2002</year>
<volume>22</volume>
<fpage>493</fpage>
<lpage>501</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">12449309</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="CR142"><label>142.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Linde</surname>
<given-names>A</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Alberius</surname>
<given-names>P</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Dahlin</surname>
<given-names>C</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Bjurstam</surname>
<given-names>K</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Sundin</surname>
<given-names>Y</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Osteopromotion: a soft-tissue exclusion principle using a membrane for bone healing and bone neogenesis</article-title>
<source>J Periodontol</source>
<year>1993</year>
<volume>64</volume>
<fpage>1116</fpage>
<lpage>28</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1902/jop.1993.64.11s.1116</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">8295100</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="CR143"><label>143.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Buser</surname>
<given-names>D</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Dula</surname>
<given-names>K</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Hess</surname>
<given-names>D</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Hirt</surname>
<given-names>HP</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Belser</surname>
<given-names>UC</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Localized ridge augmentation with autografts and barrier membranes</article-title>
<source>Periodontol 2000</source>
<year>1999</year>
<volume>19</volume>
<fpage>151</fpage>
<lpage>63</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1111/j.1600-0757.1999.tb00153.x</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">10321222</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="CR144"><label>144.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Sheikh</surname>
<given-names>Z</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Khan</surname>
<given-names>AS</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Roohpour</surname>
<given-names>N</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Glogauer</surname>
<given-names>M</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Rehman</surname>
<given-names>I</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Protein adsorption capability on polyurethane and modified-polyurethane membrane for periodontal guided tissue regeneration applications</article-title>
<source>Mater Sci Eng C</source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>68</volume>
<fpage>267</fpage>
<lpage>75</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1016/j.msec.2016.05.026</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="CR145"><label>145.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Hardwick</surname>
<given-names>R</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Dahlin</surname>
<given-names>C</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Healing pattern of bone regeneration in membrane-protected defects: a histologic study in the canine mandible</article-title>
<source>Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants</source>
<year>1994</year>
<volume>9</volume>
<fpage>13</fpage>
<lpage>29</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">8150509</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="CR146"><label>146.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Dahlin</surname>
<given-names>C</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Linde</surname>
<given-names>A</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Gottlow</surname>
<given-names>J</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Nyman</surname>
<given-names>S</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Healing of bone defects by guided tissue regeneration</article-title>
<source>Plast Reconstr Surg</source>
<year>1988</year>
<volume>81</volume>
<fpage>672</fpage>
<lpage>6</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1097/00006534-198805000-00004</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">3362985</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="CR147"><label>147.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="book"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Hardwick</surname>
<given-names>R</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Dahlin</surname>
<given-names>C</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source>Healing pattern of bone regeneration in membrane-protected defects: a histologic study in the canine mandible</source>
<year>1994</year>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="CR148"><label>148.</label>
<mixed-citation publication-type="other">Boyne PJ. Regeneration of alveolar bone beneath cellulose acetate filter implants. J Dent Res Amer Assoc Dent Res. 1964; 827.</mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="CR149"><label>149.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Nyman</surname>
<given-names>S</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Lindhe</surname>
<given-names>J</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Karring</surname>
<given-names>T</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Rylander</surname>
<given-names>H</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>New attachment following surgical treatment of human periodontal disease</article-title>
<source>J Clin Periodontol</source>
<year>1982</year>
<volume>9</volume>
<fpage>290</fpage>
<lpage>6</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1111/j.1600-051X.1982.tb02095.x</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">6964676</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="CR150"><label>150.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Hurley</surname>
<given-names>LA</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Stinchfield</surname>
<given-names>FE</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Bassett</surname>
<given-names>CAL</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Lyon</surname>
<given-names>WH</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>The role of soft tissues in osteogenesis</article-title>
<source>J Bone Joint Surg Am</source>
<year>1959</year>
<volume>41</volume>
<fpage>1243</fpage>
<lpage>66</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.2106/00004623-195941070-00007</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">13852565</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="CR151"><label>151.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Gottlow</surname>
<given-names>J</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Nyman</surname>
<given-names>S</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Lindhe</surname>
<given-names>J</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Karring</surname>
<given-names>T</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Wennström</surname>
<given-names>J</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>New attachment formation in the human periodontium by guided tissue regeneration Case reports</article-title>
<source>J Clin Periodontol</source>
<year>1986</year>
<volume>13</volume>
<fpage>604</fpage>
<lpage>16</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1111/j.1600-051X.1986.tb00854.x</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">3462208</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="CR152"><label>152.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Magnusson</surname>
<given-names>I</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Batich</surname>
<given-names>C</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Collins</surname>
<given-names>B</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>New attachment formation following controlled tissue regeneration using biodegradable membranes</article-title>
<source>J Periodontol</source>
<year>1988</year>
<volume>59</volume>
<fpage>1</fpage>
<lpage>6</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1902/jop.1988.59.1.1</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">3422287</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="CR153"><label>153.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Aukhil</surname>
<given-names>I</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Simpson</surname>
<given-names>D</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Schaberg</surname>
<given-names>T</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>An experimental study of new attachment procedure in beagle dogs</article-title>
<source>J Periodontal Res</source>
<year>1983</year>
<volume>18</volume>
<fpage>643</fpage>
<lpage>54</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1111/j.1600-0765.1983.tb00401.x</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">6230436</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="CR154"><label>154.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Tatakis</surname>
<given-names>DN</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Promsudthi</surname>
<given-names>A</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Wikesjö</surname>
<given-names>UM</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Devices for periodontal regeneration</article-title>
<source>Periodontol 2000</source>
<year>1999</year>
<volume>19</volume>
<fpage>59</fpage>
<lpage>73</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1111/j.1600-0757.1999.tb00147.x</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">10321216</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="CR155"><label>155.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Murphy</surname>
<given-names>KG</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Postoperative healing complications associated with Gore-Tex Periodontal Material. Part I. Incidence and characterization</article-title>
<source>Int J Periodontics Restorative Dent</source>
<year>1995</year>
<volume>15</volume>
<fpage>363</fpage>
<lpage>75</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">8593986</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="CR156"><label>156.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Hämmerle</surname>
<given-names>CH</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Jung</surname>
<given-names>RE</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Bone augmentation by means of barrier membranes</article-title>
<source>Periodontol 2000</source>
<year>2003</year>
<volume>33</volume>
<fpage>36</fpage>
<lpage>53</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1046/j.0906-6713.2003.03304.x</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">12950840</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="CR157"><label>157.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Hardwick</surname>
<given-names>R</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Hayes</surname>
<given-names>BK</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Flynn</surname>
<given-names>C</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Devices for dentoalveolar regeneration: an up-to-date literature review</article-title>
<source>J Periodontol</source>
<year>1995</year>
<volume>66</volume>
<fpage>495</fpage>
<lpage>505</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1902/jop.1995.66.6.495</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">7562339</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="CR158"><label>158.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Deshpande</surname>
<given-names>S</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Deshmukh</surname>
<given-names>J</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Deshpande</surname>
<given-names>S</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Khatri</surname>
<given-names>R</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Deshpande</surname>
<given-names>S</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Vertical and horizontal ridge augmentation in anterior maxilla using autograft, xenograft and titanium mesh with simultaneous placement of endosseous implants</article-title>
<source>J Indian Soc Periodontol</source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>18</volume>
<fpage>661</fpage>
<lpage>5</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.4103/0972-124X.142469</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">25425833</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="CR159"><label>159.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Boyne</surname>
<given-names>PJ</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Cole</surname>
<given-names>MD</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Stringer</surname>
<given-names>D</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Shafqat</surname>
<given-names>JP</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>A technique for osseous restoration of deficient edentulous maxillary ridges</article-title>
<source>J Oral Maxillofac Surg</source>
<year>1985</year>
<volume>43</volume>
<fpage>87</fpage>
<lpage>91</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1016/0278-2391(85)90054-0</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">3881576</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="CR160"><label>160.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Degidi</surname>
<given-names>M</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Scarano</surname>
<given-names>A</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Piattelli</surname>
<given-names>A</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Regeneration of the alveolar crest using titanium micromesh with autologous bone and a resorbable membrane</article-title>
<source>J Oral Implantol</source>
<year>2003</year>
<volume>29</volume>
<fpage>86</fpage>
<lpage>90</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1563/1548-1336(2003)029<0086:ROTACU>2.3.CO;2</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">12760452</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="CR161"><label>161.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Wang</surname>
<given-names>RR</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Fenton</surname>
<given-names>A</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Titanium for prosthodontic applications: a review of the literature</article-title>
<source>Quintessence Int</source>
<year>1996</year>
<volume>27</volume>
<fpage>401</fpage>
<lpage>8</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">8941834</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="CR162"><label>162.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Her</surname>
<given-names>S</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Kang</surname>
<given-names>T</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Fien</surname>
<given-names>MJ</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Titanium mesh as an alternative to a membrane for ridge augmentation</article-title>
<source>J Oral Maxillofac Surg</source>
<year>2012</year>
<volume>70</volume>
<fpage>803</fpage>
<lpage>10</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1016/j.joms.2011.11.017</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">22285340</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="CR163"><label>163.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>von Arx</surname>
<given-names>T</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Hardt</surname>
<given-names>N</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Wallkamm</surname>
<given-names>B</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>The TIME technique: a new method for localized alveolar ridge augmentation prior to placement of dental implants</article-title>
<source>Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants</source>
<year>1996</year>
<volume>11</volume>
<fpage>387</fpage>
<lpage>94</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">8752560</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="CR164"><label>164.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Becker</surname>
<given-names>W</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Becker</surname>
<given-names>BE</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Mellonig</surname>
<given-names>J</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Caffesse</surname>
<given-names>RG</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Warrer</surname>
<given-names>K</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Caton</surname>
<given-names>JG</given-names>
</name>
<etal></etal>
</person-group>
<article-title>A prospective multi-center study evaluating periodontal regeneration for Class II furcation invasions and intrabony defects after treatment with a bioabsorbable barrier membrane: 1-year results</article-title>
<source>J Periodontol</source>
<year>1996</year>
<volume>67</volume>
<fpage>641</fpage>
<lpage>9</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1902/jop.1996.67.7.641</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">8832474</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="CR165"><label>165.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Proussaefs</surname>
<given-names>P</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Lozada</surname>
<given-names>J</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Use of titanium mesh for staged localized alveolar ridge augmentation: clinical and histologic-histomorphometric evaluation</article-title>
<source>J Oral Implantol</source>
<year>2006</year>
<volume>32</volume>
<fpage>237</fpage>
<lpage>47</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1563/1548-1336(2006)32[237:UOTMFS]2.0.CO;2</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">17069168</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="CR166"><label>166.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Spassova</surname>
<given-names>E</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Watzinger</surname>
<given-names>F</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Ewers</surname>
<given-names>R</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Long-term results after guided bone regeneration with resorbable and microporous titanium membranes</article-title>
<source>Oral Maxillofac Surg Clin North Am</source>
<year>2001</year>
<volume>13</volume>
<fpage>449</fpage>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="CR167"><label>167.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Malchiodi</surname>
<given-names>L</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Scarano</surname>
<given-names>A</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Quaranta</surname>
<given-names>M</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Piattelli</surname>
<given-names>A</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Rigid fixation by means of titanium mesh in edentulous ridge expansion for horizontal ridge augmentation in the maxilla</article-title>
<source>Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants</source>
<year>1998</year>
<volume>13</volume>
<fpage>701</fpage>
<lpage>5</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">9796156</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="CR168"><label>168.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Corinaldesi</surname>
<given-names>G</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Pieri</surname>
<given-names>F</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Sapigni</surname>
<given-names>L</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Marchetti</surname>
<given-names>C</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Evaluation of survival and success rates of dental implants placed at the time of or after alveolar ridge augmentation with an autogenous mandibular bone graft and titanium mesh: a 3-to 8-year retrospective study</article-title>
<source>Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants</source>
<year>2009</year>
<volume>24</volume>
<fpage>1119</fpage>
<lpage>28</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">20162118</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="CR169"><label>169.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Weng</surname>
<given-names>D</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Hürzeler</surname>
<given-names>MB</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Quiñones</surname>
<given-names>CR</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Ohlms</surname>
<given-names>A</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Caffesse</surname>
<given-names>RG</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Contribution of the periosteum to bone formation in guided bone regeneration</article-title>
<source>Clin Oral Implants Res</source>
<year>2000</year>
<volume>11</volume>
<fpage>546</fpage>
<lpage>54</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1034/j.1600-0501.2000.011006546.x</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">11168248</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="CR170"><label>170.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Linde</surname>
<given-names>A</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Thorén</surname>
<given-names>C</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Dahlin</surname>
<given-names>C</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Sandberg</surname>
<given-names>E</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Creation of new bone by an osteopromotive membrane technique: an experimental study in rats</article-title>
<source>J Oral Maxillofac Surg</source>
<year>1993</year>
<volume>51</volume>
<fpage>892</fpage>
<lpage>7</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1016/S0278-2391(10)80111-9</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">8393102</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="CR171"><label>171.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Rakhmatia</surname>
<given-names>YD</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Ayukawa</surname>
<given-names>Y</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Furuhashi</surname>
<given-names>A</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Koyano</surname>
<given-names>K</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Current barrier membranes: titanium mesh and other membranes for guided bone regeneration in dental applications</article-title>
<source>J Prosthodont Res</source>
<year>2013</year>
<volume>57</volume>
<fpage>3</fpage>
<lpage>14</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1016/j.jpor.2012.12.001</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">23347794</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="CR172"><label>172.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Sculean</surname>
<given-names>A</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Nikolidakis</surname>
<given-names>D</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Schwarz</surname>
<given-names>F</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Regeneration of periodontal tissues: combinations of barrier membranes and grafting materials–biological foundation and preclinical evidence: a systematic review</article-title>
<source>J Clin Periodontol</source>
<year>2008</year>
<volume>35</volume>
<fpage>106</fpage>
<lpage>16</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1111/j.1600-051X.2008.01263.x</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="CR173"><label>173.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Kempczinski</surname>
<given-names>RF</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Rosenman</surname>
<given-names>JE</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Pearce</surname>
<given-names>WH</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Roedersheimer</surname>
<given-names>LR</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Berlatzky</surname>
<given-names>Y</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Ramalanjaona</surname>
<given-names>G</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Endothelial cell seeding of a new PTFE vascular prosthesis</article-title>
<source>J Vasc Surg</source>
<year>1985</year>
<volume>2</volume>
<fpage>424</fpage>
<lpage>9</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1016/0741-5214(85)90096-5</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">3999233</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="CR174"><label>174.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Bauer</surname>
<given-names>JJ</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Salky</surname>
<given-names>BA</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Gelernt</surname>
<given-names>IM</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Kreel</surname>
<given-names>I</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Repair of large abdominal wall defects with expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE)</article-title>
<source>Ann Surg</source>
<year>1987</year>
<volume>206</volume>
<fpage>765</fpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1097/00000658-198712000-00013</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">3689012</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="CR175"><label>175.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Piattelli</surname>
<given-names>A</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Scarano</surname>
<given-names>A</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Russo</surname>
<given-names>P</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Matarasso</surname>
<given-names>S</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Evaluation of guided bone regeneration in rabbit tibia using bioresorbable and non-resorbable membranes</article-title>
<source>Biomaterials</source>
<year>1996</year>
<volume>17</volume>
<fpage>791</fpage>
<lpage>6</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1016/0142-9612(96)81416-5</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">8730963</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="CR176"><label>176.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Scantlebury</surname>
<given-names>TV</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>1982–1992: a decade of technology development for guided tissue regeneration*</article-title>
<source>J Periodontol</source>
<year>1993</year>
<volume>64</volume>
<fpage>1129</fpage>
<lpage>37</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1902/jop.1993.64.11s.1129</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">8295101</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="CR177"><label>177.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Ronda</surname>
<given-names>M</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Rebaudi</surname>
<given-names>A</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Torelli</surname>
<given-names>L</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Stacchi</surname>
<given-names>C</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Expanded vs. dense polytetrafluoroethylene membranes in vertical ridge augmentation around dental implants: a prospective randomized controlled clinical trial</article-title>
<source>Clin Oral Implants Res</source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>25</volume>
<fpage>859</fpage>
<lpage>66</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1111/clr.12157</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">23560678</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="CR178"><label>178.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Jovanovic</surname>
<given-names>SA</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Nevins</surname>
<given-names>M</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Bone formation utilizing titanium-reinforced barrier membranes</article-title>
<source>Int J Periodontics Restorative Dent</source>
<year>1995</year>
<volume>15</volume>
<fpage>56</fpage>
<lpage>69</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">7591524</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="CR179"><label>179.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Hürzeler</surname>
<given-names>M</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Strub</surname>
<given-names>J</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Guided bone regeneration around exposed implants: a new bioresorbable device and bioresorbable membrane pins</article-title>
<source>Pract Periodontics Aesthet Dent</source>
<year>1994</year>
<volume>7</volume>
<fpage>37</fpage>
<lpage>47</lpage>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="CR180"><label>180.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Lundgren</surname>
<given-names>D</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Sennerby</surname>
<given-names>L</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Falk</surname>
<given-names>H</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Friberg</surname>
<given-names>B</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Nyman</surname>
<given-names>S</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>The use of a new bioresorbable barrier for guided bone regeneration in connection with implant installation. Case reports</article-title>
<source>Clin Oral Implants Res</source>
<year>1994</year>
<volume>5</volume>
<fpage>177</fpage>
<lpage>84</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1034/j.1600-0501.1994.050309.x</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">7827233</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="CR181"><label>181.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Nobréus</surname>
<given-names>N</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Attström</surname>
<given-names>R</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Linde</surname>
<given-names>A</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Guided bone regeneration in dental implant treatment using a bioabsorbable membrane</article-title>
<source>Clin Oral Implants Res</source>
<year>1997</year>
<volume>8</volume>
<fpage>10</fpage>
<lpage>7</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1111/j.1600-0501.1997.tb00002.x</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">9586451</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="CR182"><label>182.</label>
<mixed-citation publication-type="other">Ratner BD. Biomaterials science: an introduction to materials in medicine: Academic press; 2004.</mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="CR183"><label>183.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Winet</surname>
<given-names>H</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Hollinger</surname>
<given-names>J</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Incorporation of polylactide–polyglycolide in a cortical defect: neoosteogenesis in a bone chamber</article-title>
<source>J Biomed Mater Res A</source>
<year>1993</year>
<volume>27</volume>
<fpage>667</fpage>
<lpage>76</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1002/jbm.820270514</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="CR184"><label>184.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Suganuma</surname>
<given-names>J</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Alexander</surname>
<given-names>H</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Biological response of intramedullary bone to poly‐L‐lactic acid</article-title>
<source>J Appl Biomater</source>
<year>1993</year>
<volume>4</volume>
<fpage>13</fpage>
<lpage>27</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1002/jab.770040103</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="CR185"><label>185.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Simion</surname>
<given-names>M</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Scarano</surname>
<given-names>A</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Gionso</surname>
<given-names>L</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Piattelli</surname>
<given-names>A</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Guided bone regeneration using resorbable and nonresorbable membranes: a comparative histologic study in humans</article-title>
<source>Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants</source>
<year>1996</year>
<volume>11</volume>
<fpage>735</fpage>
<lpage>42</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">8990634</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="CR186"><label>186.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Parodi</surname>
<given-names>R</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Santarelli</surname>
<given-names>G</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Carusi</surname>
<given-names>G</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Application of slow-resorbing collagen membrane to periodontal and peri-implant guided tissue regeneration</article-title>
<source>Int J Periodontics Restorative Dent</source>
<year>1996</year>
<volume>16</volume>
<fpage>174</fpage>
<lpage>85</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">9084305</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="CR187"><label>187.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Avera</surname>
<given-names>SP</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Stampley</surname>
<given-names>WA</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>McAllister</surname>
<given-names>BS</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Histologic and clinical observations of resorbable and nonresorbable barrier membranes used in maxillary sinus graft containment</article-title>
<source>Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants</source>
<year>1996</year>
<volume>12</volume>
<fpage>88</fpage>
<lpage>94</lpage>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="CR188"><label>188.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Gotfredsen</surname>
<given-names>K</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Nimb</surname>
<given-names>L</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Hjørting‐hansen</surname>
<given-names>E</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Immediate implant placement using a biodegradable barrier, polyhydroxybutyrate‐hydroxyvalerate reinforced with polyglactin 910. An experimental study in dogs</article-title>
<source>Clin Oral Implants Res</source>
<year>1994</year>
<volume>5</volume>
<fpage>83</fpage>
<lpage>91</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1034/j.1600-0501.1994.050204.x</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">7918913</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="CR189"><label>189.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Bunyaratavej</surname>
<given-names>P</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Wang</surname>
<given-names>H-L</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Collagen membranes: a review</article-title>
<source>J Periodontol</source>
<year>2001</year>
<volume>72</volume>
<fpage>215</fpage>
<lpage>29</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1902/jop.2001.72.2.215</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">11288796</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="CR190"><label>190.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Behring</surname>
<given-names>J</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Junker</surname>
<given-names>R</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Walboomers</surname>
<given-names>XF</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Chessnut</surname>
<given-names>B</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Jansen</surname>
<given-names>JA</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Toward guided tissue and bone regeneration: morphology, attachment, proliferation, and migration of cells cultured on collagen barrier membranes. A systematic review</article-title>
<source>Odontology</source>
<year>2008</year>
<volume>96</volume>
<fpage>1</fpage>
<lpage>11</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1007/s10266-008-0087-y</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">18661198</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="CR191"><label>191.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Lee</surname>
<given-names>C</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Grodzinsky</surname>
<given-names>A</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Spector</surname>
<given-names>M</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>The effects of cross-linking of collagen-glycosaminoglycan scaffolds on compressive stiffness, chondrocyte-mediated contraction, proliferation and biosynthesis</article-title>
<source>Biomaterials</source>
<year>2001</year>
<volume>22</volume>
<fpage>3145</fpage>
<lpage>54</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1016/S0142-9612(01)00067-9</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">11603587</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="CR192"><label>192.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Wang</surname>
<given-names>H-L</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Carroll</surname>
<given-names>M</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Guided bone regeneration using bone grafts and collagen membranes</article-title>
<source>Quintessence Int (Berlin, Germany: 1985)</source>
<year>2000</year>
<volume>32</volume>
<fpage>504</fpage>
<lpage>15</lpage>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="CR193"><label>193.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="book"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Li</surname>
<given-names>S-T</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Chen</surname>
<given-names>H-C</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Lee</surname>
<given-names>NS</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Ringshia</surname>
<given-names>R</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Yuen</surname>
<given-names>D</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source>A Comparative study of Zimmer BioMend® and BioMend® Extend™ membranes made at two different manufacturing facilities</source>
<year>2013</year>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="CR194"><label>194.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Schliephake</surname>
<given-names>H</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Neukam</surname>
<given-names>F</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Hutmacher</surname>
<given-names>D</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Becker</surname>
<given-names>J</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Enhancement of bone ingrowth into a porous hydroxylapatite-matrix using a resorbable polylactic membrane: an experimental pilot study</article-title>
<source>J Oral Maxillofac Surg</source>
<year>1994</year>
<volume>52</volume>
<fpage>57</fpage>
<lpage>63</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1016/0278-2391(94)90016-7</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">8263645</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="CR195"><label>195.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Oh</surname>
<given-names>TJ</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Meraw</surname>
<given-names>SJ</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Lee</surname>
<given-names>EJ</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Giannobile</surname>
<given-names>WV</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Wang</surname>
<given-names>HL</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Comparative analysis of collagen membranes for the treatment of implant dehiscence defects</article-title>
<source>Clin Oral Implants Res</source>
<year>2003</year>
<volume>14</volume>
<fpage>80</fpage>
<lpage>90</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1034/j.1600-0501.2003.140111.x</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">12562369</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="CR196"><label>196.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Lee</surname>
<given-names>S-W</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Kim</surname>
<given-names>S-G</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Membranes for the guided bone regeneration</article-title>
<source>Korean Assoc Maxillofac Plast Reconstr Surg</source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>36</volume>
<fpage>239</fpage>
<lpage>46</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.14402/jkamprs.2014.36.6.239</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="CR197"><label>197.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Vert</surname>
<given-names>M</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Bioresorbable polymers for temporary therapeutic applications</article-title>
<source>Die Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie</source>
<year>1989</year>
<volume>166</volume>
<fpage>155</fpage>
<lpage>68</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1002/apmc.1989.051660111</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="CR198"><label>198.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Vert</surname>
<given-names>M</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Li</surname>
<given-names>S</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Spenlehauer</surname>
<given-names>G</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Guérin</surname>
<given-names>P</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Bioresorbability and biocompatibility of aliphatic polyesters</article-title>
<source>J Mater Sci Mater Med</source>
<year>1992</year>
<volume>3</volume>
<fpage>432</fpage>
<lpage>46</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1007/BF00701240</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="CR199"><label>199.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Minabe</surname>
<given-names>M</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>A critical review of the biologic rationale for guided tissue regeneration*</article-title>
<source>J Periodontol</source>
<year>1991</year>
<volume>62</volume>
<fpage>171</fpage>
<lpage>9</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1902/jop.1991.62.3.171</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">1827500</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="CR200"><label>200.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Jepsen</surname>
<given-names>S</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Eberhard</surname>
<given-names>J</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Herrera</surname>
<given-names>D</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Needleman</surname>
<given-names>I</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>A systematic review of guided tissue regeneration for periodontal furcation defects. What is the effect of guided tissue regeneration compared with surgical debridement in the treatment of furcation defects?</article-title>
<source>J Clin Periodontol</source>
<year>2002</year>
<volume>29</volume>
<fpage>103</fpage>
<lpage>16</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1034/j.1600-051X.29.s3.6.x</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="CR201"><label>201.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Kweon</surname>
<given-names>D-K</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Song</surname>
<given-names>S-B</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Park</surname>
<given-names>Y-Y</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Preparation of water-soluble chitosan/heparin complex and its application as wound healing accelerator</article-title>
<source>Biomaterials</source>
<year>2003</year>
<volume>24</volume>
<fpage>1595</fpage>
<lpage>601</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1016/S0142-9612(02)00566-5</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">12559819</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="CR202"><label>202.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Kumar</surname>
<given-names>MNR</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>A review of chitin and chitosan applications</article-title>
<source>React Funct Polym</source>
<year>2000</year>
<volume>46</volume>
<fpage>1</fpage>
<lpage>27</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1016/S1381-5148(00)00038-9</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="CR203"><label>203.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Xu</surname>
<given-names>C</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Lei</surname>
<given-names>C</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Meng</surname>
<given-names>L</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Wang</surname>
<given-names>C</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Song</surname>
<given-names>Y</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Chitosan as a barrier membrane material in periodontal tissue regeneration</article-title>
<source>J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater</source>
<year>2012</year>
<volume>100</volume>
<fpage>1435</fpage>
<lpage>43</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1002/jbm.b.32662</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">22287502</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="CR204"><label>204.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Yeo</surname>
<given-names>YJ</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Jeon</surname>
<given-names>DW</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Kim</surname>
<given-names>CS</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Choi</surname>
<given-names>SH</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Cho</surname>
<given-names>KS</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Lee</surname>
<given-names>YK</given-names>
</name>
<etal></etal>
</person-group>
<article-title>Effects of chitosan nonwoven membrane on periodontal healing of surgically created one‐wall intrabony defects in beagle dogs</article-title>
<source>J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater</source>
<year>2005</year>
<volume>72</volume>
<fpage>86</fpage>
<lpage>93</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1002/jbm.b.30121</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">15389496</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="CR205"><label>205.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Tanner</surname>
<given-names>MG</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Solt</surname>
<given-names>CW</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Vuddhakanok</surname>
<given-names>S</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>An evaluation of New attachment formation using a microfibhllar collagen barrier*</article-title>
<source>J Periodontol</source>
<year>1988</year>
<volume>59</volume>
<fpage>524</fpage>
<lpage>30</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1902/jop.1988.59.8.524</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">3171864</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="CR206"><label>206.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Caton</surname>
<given-names>J</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Greenstein</surname>
<given-names>G</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Zappa</surname>
<given-names>U</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Synthetic bioabsorbable barrier for regeneration in human periodontal defects</article-title>
<source>J Periodontol</source>
<year>1994</year>
<volume>65</volume>
<fpage>1037</fpage>
<lpage>45</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1902/jop.1994.65.11.1037</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">7853127</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="CR207"><label>207.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="book"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Israelachvili</surname>
<given-names>J</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Wennerström</surname>
<given-names>H</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source>Role of hydration and water structure in biological and colloidal interactions</source>
<year>1996</year>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="CR208"><label>208.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Rapiey</surname>
<given-names>J</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Nechamkin</surname>
<given-names>SJ</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Ringeisen</surname>
<given-names>TA</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Derhaili</surname>
<given-names>M</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Brekke</surname>
<given-names>J</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>The use of biodegradable polylactic acid barrier materials in the treatment of grade II periodontal furcation defects in humans—part II: a multi-center investigative surgical study</article-title>
<source>Int J Periodontics Restorative Dent</source>
<year>1999</year>
<volume>19</volume>
<fpage>57</fpage>
<lpage>65</lpage>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="CR209"><label>209.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Milella</surname>
<given-names>E</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Ramires</surname>
<given-names>P</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Brescia</surname>
<given-names>E</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>La Sala</surname>
<given-names>G</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Di Paola</surname>
<given-names>L</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Bruno</surname>
<given-names>V</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Physicochemical, mechanical, and biological properties of commercial membranes for GTR</article-title>
<source>J Biomed Mater Res</source>
<year>2001</year>
<volume>58</volume>
<fpage>427</fpage>
<lpage>35</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1002/jbm.1038</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">11410902</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="CR210"><label>210.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Coonts</surname>
<given-names>B</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Whitman</surname>
<given-names>S</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>O’Donnell</surname>
<given-names>M</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Polson</surname>
<given-names>A</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Bogle</surname>
<given-names>G</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Garrett</surname>
<given-names>S</given-names>
</name>
<etal></etal>
</person-group>
<article-title>Biodegradation and biocompatibility of a guided tissue regeneration barrier membrane formed from a liquid polymer material</article-title>
<source>J Biomed Mater Res A</source>
<year>1998</year>
<volume>42</volume>
<fpage>303</fpage>
<lpage>11</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1002/(SICI)1097-4636(199811)42:2<303::AID-JBM16>3.0.CO;2-J</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="CR211"><label>211.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Simion</surname>
<given-names>M</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Misitano</surname>
<given-names>U</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Gionso</surname>
<given-names>L</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Salvato</surname>
<given-names>A</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Treatment of dehiscences and fenestrations around dental implants using resorbable and nonresorbable membranes associated with bone autografts: a comparative clinical study</article-title>
<source>Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants</source>
<year>1996</year>
<volume>12</volume>
<fpage>159</fpage>
<lpage>67</lpage>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="CR212"><label>212.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Aurer</surname>
<given-names>A</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Jorgie-Srdjak</surname>
<given-names>K</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Membranes for periodontal regeneration</article-title>
<source>Acta Stomatol Croat</source>
<year>2005</year>
<volume>39</volume>
<fpage>107</fpage>
<lpage>12</lpage>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="CR213"><label>213.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Sakallıoğlu</surname>
<given-names>U</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Yavuz</surname>
<given-names>Ü</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Lütfioğlu</surname>
<given-names>M</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Keskiner</surname>
<given-names>I</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Açıkgöz</surname>
<given-names>G</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Clinical outcomes of guided tissue regeneration with Atrisorb membrane in the treatment of intrabony defects: a 3-year follow-up study</article-title>
<source>Int J Periodontics Restorative Dent</source>
<year>2007</year>
<volume>27</volume>
<fpage>79</fpage>
<lpage>88</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">17370665</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="CR214"><label>214.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Nygaard‐Østby</surname>
<given-names>P</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Bakke</surname>
<given-names>V</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Nesdal</surname>
<given-names>O</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Susin</surname>
<given-names>C</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Wikesjö</surname>
<given-names>UM</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Periodontal healing following reconstructive surgery: effect of guided tissue regeneration using a bioresorbable barrier device when combined with autogenous bone grafting. A randomized‐controlled trial 10‐year follow‐up</article-title>
<source>J Clin Periodontol</source>
<year>2010</year>
<volume>37</volume>
<fpage>366</fpage>
<lpage>73</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1111/j.1600-051X.2010.01532.x</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">20447260</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="CR215"><label>215.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Araujo</surname>
<given-names>M</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Berglundh</surname>
<given-names>T</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Lindhe</surname>
<given-names>J</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>GTR treatment of degree III furcation defects with 2 different resorbable barriers an experimental study in dogs</article-title>
<source>J Clin Periodontol</source>
<year>1998</year>
<volume>25</volume>
<fpage>253</fpage>
<lpage>9</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1111/j.1600-051X.1998.tb02436.x</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">9543196</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="CR216"><label>216.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Taddei</surname>
<given-names>P</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Monti</surname>
<given-names>P</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Simoni</surname>
<given-names>R</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Vibrational and thermal study on the in vitro and in vivo degradation of a bioabsorbable periodontal membrane: Vicryl® Periodontal Mesh (Polyglactin 910)</article-title>
<source>J Mater Sci Mater Med</source>
<year>2002</year>
<volume>13</volume>
<fpage>59</fpage>
<lpage>64</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1023/A:1013686502867</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">15348206</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="CR217"><label>217.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Park</surname>
<given-names>YJ</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Nam</surname>
<given-names>KH</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Ha</surname>
<given-names>SJ</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Pai</surname>
<given-names>CM</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Chung</surname>
<given-names>CP</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Lee</surname>
<given-names>SJ</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Porous poly (L-lactide) membranes for guided tissue regeneration and controlled drug delivery: membrane fabrication and characterization</article-title>
<source>J Control Release</source>
<year>1997</year>
<volume>43</volume>
<fpage>151</fpage>
<lpage>60</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1016/S0168-3659(96)01494-0</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="CR218"><label>218.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Dörfer</surname>
<given-names>CE</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Kim</surname>
<given-names>TS</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Steinbrenner</surname>
<given-names>H</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Holle</surname>
<given-names>R</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Eickholz</surname>
<given-names>P</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Regenerative periodontal surgery in interproximal intrabony defects with biodegradable barriers</article-title>
<source>J Clin Periodontol</source>
<year>2000</year>
<volume>27</volume>
<fpage>162</fpage>
<lpage>8</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1034/j.1600-051x.2000.027003162.x</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">10743862</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="CR219"><label>219.</label>
<mixed-citation publication-type="other">Singh AK. GTR membranes: The barriers for periodontal regeneration.</mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="CR220"><label>220.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Lieberman</surname>
<given-names>JR</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Daluiski</surname>
<given-names>A</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Stevenson</surname>
<given-names>S</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Wu</surname>
<given-names>L</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>McAllister</surname>
<given-names>P</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Lee</surname>
<given-names>YP</given-names>
</name>
<etal></etal>
</person-group>
<article-title>The effect of regional gene therapy with bone morphogenetic protein-2-producing bone-marrow cells on the repair of segmental femoral defects in rats</article-title>
<source>J Bone Joint Surg Am</source>
<year>1999</year>
<volume>81</volume>
<fpage>905</fpage>
<lpage>17</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.2106/00004623-199907000-00002</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">10428121</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="CR221"><label>221.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Breitbart</surname>
<given-names>AS</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Grande</surname>
<given-names>DA</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Mason</surname>
<given-names>JM</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Barcia</surname>
<given-names>M</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>James</surname>
<given-names>T</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Grant</surname>
<given-names>RT</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Gene-enhanced tissue engineering: applications for bone healing using cultured periosteal cells transduced retrovirally with the BMP-7 gene</article-title>
<source>Ann Plast Surg</source>
<year>1999</year>
<volume>42</volume>
<fpage>488</fpage>
<lpage>95</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1097/00000637-199905000-00005</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">10340856</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="CR222"><label>222.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Ishaug</surname>
<given-names>SL</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Yaszemski</surname>
<given-names>MJ</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Bizios</surname>
<given-names>R</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Mikos</surname>
<given-names>AG</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Osteoblast function on synthetic biodegradable polymers</article-title>
<source>J Biomed Mater Res</source>
<year>1994</year>
<volume>28</volume>
<fpage>1445</fpage>
<lpage>53</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1002/jbm.820281210</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">7876284</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="CR223"><label>223.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Malekzadeh</surname>
<given-names>R</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Hollinger</surname>
<given-names>JO</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Buck</surname>
<given-names>D</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Adams</surname>
<given-names>DF</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>McAllister</surname>
<given-names>BS</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Isolation of human osteoblast-like cells and in vitro amplification for tissue engineering</article-title>
<source>J Periodontol</source>
<year>1998</year>
<volume>69</volume>
<fpage>1256</fpage>
<lpage>62</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1902/jop.1998.69.11.1256</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">9848535</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="CR224"><label>224.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Freed</surname>
<given-names>LE</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Marquis</surname>
<given-names>JC</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Nohria</surname>
<given-names>A</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Emmanual</surname>
<given-names>J</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Mikos</surname>
<given-names>AG</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Langer</surname>
<given-names>R</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Neocartilage formation in vitro and in vivo using cells cultured on synthetic biodegradable polymers</article-title>
<source>J Biomed Mater Res</source>
<year>1993</year>
<volume>27</volume>
<fpage>11</fpage>
<lpage>23</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1002/jbm.820270104</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">8380593</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="CR225"><label>225.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>De Kok</surname>
<given-names>IJ</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Drapeau</surname>
<given-names>SJ</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Young</surname>
<given-names>R</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Cooper</surname>
<given-names>LF</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Evaluation of mesenchymal stem cells following implantation in alveolar sockets: a canine safety study</article-title>
<source>Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants</source>
<year>2005</year>
<volume>20</volume>
<fpage>511</fpage>
<lpage>8</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">16161734</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="CR226"><label>226.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Bruder</surname>
<given-names>SP</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Kraus</surname>
<given-names>KH</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Goldberg</surname>
<given-names>VM</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Kadiyala</surname>
<given-names>S</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>The effect of implants loaded with autologous mesenchymal stem cells on the healing of canine segmental bone defects</article-title>
<source>J Bone Joint Surg Am</source>
<year>1998</year>
<volume>80</volume>
<fpage>985</fpage>
<lpage>96</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.2106/00004623-199807000-00007</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">9698003</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="CR227"><label>227.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Miron</surname>
<given-names>RJ</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Sculean</surname>
<given-names>A</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Cochran</surname>
<given-names>DL</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Froum</surname>
<given-names>S</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Zucchelli</surname>
<given-names>G</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Nemcovsky</surname>
<given-names>C</given-names>
</name>
<etal></etal>
</person-group>
<article-title>Twenty years of enamel matrix derivative: the past, the present and the future</article-title>
<source>J Clin Periodontol</source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>43</volume>
<fpage>668</fpage>
<lpage>83</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1111/jcpe.12546</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">26987551</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="CR228"><label>228.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Yukna</surname>
<given-names>RA</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Mellonig</surname>
<given-names>JT</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Histologic evaluation of periodontal healing in humans following regenerative therapy with enamel matrix derivative. A 10-case series</article-title>
<source>J Periodontol</source>
<year>2000</year>
<volume>71</volume>
<fpage>752</fpage>
<lpage>9</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1902/jop.2000.71.5.752</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">10872956</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="CR229"><label>229.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Hoffmann</surname>
<given-names>T</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Al-Machot</surname>
<given-names>E</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Meyle</surname>
<given-names>J</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Jervøe-Storm</surname>
<given-names>P-M</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Jepsen</surname>
<given-names>S</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Three-year results following regenerative periodontal surgery of advanced intrabony defects with enamel matrix derivative alone or combined with a synthetic bone graft</article-title>
<source>Clin Oral Investig</source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>20</volume>
<fpage>357</fpage>
<lpage>64</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1007/s00784-015-1522-4</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="CR230"><label>230.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Heijl</surname>
<given-names>L</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Periodontal regeneration with enamel matrix derivative in one human experimental defect. A case report</article-title>
<source>J Clin Periodontol</source>
<year>1997</year>
<volume>24</volume>
<fpage>693</fpage>
<lpage>6</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1111/j.1600-051X.1997.tb00253.x</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">9310874</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="CR231"><label>231.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Kao</surname>
<given-names>RT</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Nares</surname>
<given-names>S</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Reynolds</surname>
<given-names>MA</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Periodontal regeneration–intrabony defects: a systematic review from the AAP regeneration workshop</article-title>
<source>J Periodontol</source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>86</volume>
<fpage>S77</fpage>
<lpage>104</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1902/jop.2015.130685</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">25216204</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="CR232"><label>232.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Sykaras</surname>
<given-names>N</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Opperman</surname>
<given-names>LA</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs): how do they function and what can they offer the clinician?</article-title>
<source>J Oral Sci</source>
<year>2003</year>
<volume>45</volume>
<fpage>57</fpage>
<lpage>73</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.2334/josnusd.45.57</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">12930129</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="CR233"><label>233.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Sheikh</surname>
<given-names>Z</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Javaid</surname>
<given-names>MA</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Hamdan</surname>
<given-names>N</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Hashmi</surname>
<given-names>R</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Bone regeneration using bone morphogenetic proteins and various biomaterial carriers</article-title>
<source>Materials</source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>8</volume>
<fpage>1778</fpage>
<lpage>816</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.3390/ma8041778</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="CR234"><label>234.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Edmunds</surname>
<given-names>RK</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Mealey</surname>
<given-names>BL</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Mills</surname>
<given-names>MP</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Thoma</surname>
<given-names>DS</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Schoolfield</surname>
<given-names>J</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Cochran</surname>
<given-names>DL</given-names>
</name>
<etal></etal>
</person-group>
<article-title>Maxillary anterior ridge augmentation with recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein 2</article-title>
<source>Int J Periodontics Restorative Dent</source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>34</volume>
<fpage>551</fpage>
<lpage>7</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.11607/prd.1737</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">25006772</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="CR235"><label>235.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Katanec</surname>
<given-names>D</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Granic</surname>
<given-names>M</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Majstorovic</surname>
<given-names>M</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Trampus</surname>
<given-names>Z</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Panduric</surname>
<given-names>DG</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Use of recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein (rhBMP2) in bilateral alveolar ridge augmentation: case report</article-title>
<source>Coll Antropol</source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>38</volume>
<fpage>325</fpage>
<lpage>30</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">24851636</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="CR236"><label>236.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Kim</surname>
<given-names>YJ</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Lee</surname>
<given-names>JY</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Kim</surname>
<given-names>JE</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Park</surname>
<given-names>JC</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Shin</surname>
<given-names>SW</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Cho</surname>
<given-names>KS</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Ridge preservation using demineralized bone matrix gel with recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 after tooth extraction: a randomized controlled clinical trial</article-title>
<source>J Oral Maxillofac Surg</source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>72</volume>
<fpage>1281</fpage>
<lpage>90</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1016/j.joms.2014.01.022</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">24709512</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="CR237"><label>237.</label>
<mixed-citation publication-type="other">Shweikeh F, Hanna G, Bloom L, Sayegh ET, Liu J, Acosta FL, et al. Assessment of outcome following the use of recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 for spinal fusion in the elderly population. J Neurosurg Sci. 2014.</mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="CR238"><label>238.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Rao</surname>
<given-names>SM</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Ugale</surname>
<given-names>GM</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Warad</surname>
<given-names>SB</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Bone morphogenetic proteins: periodontal regeneration</article-title>
<source>N Am J Med Sci</source>
<year>2013</year>
<volume>5</volume>
<fpage>161</fpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.4103/1947-2714.109175</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">23626951</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="CR239"><label>239.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Ripamonti</surname>
<given-names>U</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Heliotis</surname>
<given-names>M</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Heever</surname>
<given-names>B</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Reddi</surname>
<given-names>AH</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Bone morphogenetic proteins induce periodontal regeneration in the baboon (Papio ursinus)</article-title>
<source>J Periodontal Res</source>
<year>1994</year>
<volume>29</volume>
<fpage>439</fpage>
<lpage>45</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1111/j.1600-0765.1994.tb01246.x</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">7877080</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="CR240"><label>240.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Sigurdsson</surname>
<given-names>TJ</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Nygaard</surname>
<given-names>L</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Tatakis</surname>
<given-names>DN</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Fu</surname>
<given-names>E</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Turek</surname>
<given-names>TJ</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Jin</surname>
<given-names>L</given-names>
</name>
<etal></etal>
</person-group>
<article-title>Periodontal repair in dogs: evaluation of rhBMP-2 carriers</article-title>
<source>Int J Periodontics Restorative Dent</source>
<year>1996</year>
<volume>16</volume>
<fpage>524</fpage>
<lpage>37</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">9242091</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="CR241"><label>241.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Lo</surname>
<given-names>KW-H</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Ulery</surname>
<given-names>BD</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Ashe</surname>
<given-names>KM</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Laurencin</surname>
<given-names>CT</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Studies of bone morphogenetic protein-based surgical repair</article-title>
<source>Adv Drug Deliv Rev</source>
<year>2012</year>
<volume>64</volume>
<fpage>1277</fpage>
<lpage>91</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1016/j.addr.2012.03.014</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">22512928</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="CR242"><label>242.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Fiorellini</surname>
<given-names>JP</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Howell</surname>
<given-names>TH</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Cochran</surname>
<given-names>D</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Malmquist</surname>
<given-names>J</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Lilly</surname>
<given-names>LC</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Spagnoli</surname>
<given-names>D</given-names>
</name>
<etal></etal>
</person-group>
<article-title>Randomized study evaluating recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 for extraction socket augmentation</article-title>
<source>J Periodontol</source>
<year>2005</year>
<volume>76</volume>
<fpage>605</fpage>
<lpage>13</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1902/jop.2005.76.4.605</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">15857102</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="CR243"><label>243.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Ye</surname>
<given-names>L</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Bokobza</surname>
<given-names>SM</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Jiang</surname>
<given-names>WG</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Bone morphogenetic proteins in development and progression of breast cancer and therapeutic potential (review)</article-title>
<source>Int J Mol Med</source>
<year>2009</year>
<volume>24</volume>
<fpage>591</fpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.3892/ijmm_00000269</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">19787192</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="CR244"><label>244.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Yoshikawa</surname>
<given-names>H</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Nakase</surname>
<given-names>T</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Myoui</surname>
<given-names>A</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Ueda</surname>
<given-names>T</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Bone morphogenetic proteins in bone tumors</article-title>
<source>J Orthop Sci</source>
<year>2004</year>
<volume>9</volume>
<fpage>334</fpage>
<lpage>40</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1007/s00776-004-0764-9</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">15168194</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="CR245"><label>245.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Jin</surname>
<given-names>Y</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Tipoe</surname>
<given-names>G</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Liong</surname>
<given-names>E</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Lau</surname>
<given-names>T</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Fung</surname>
<given-names>P</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Leung</surname>
<given-names>KM</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Overexpression of BMP-2/4,-5 and BMPR-IA associated with malignancy of oral epithelium</article-title>
<source>Oral Oncol</source>
<year>2001</year>
<volume>37</volume>
<fpage>225</fpage>
<lpage>33</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1016/S1368-8375(00)00087-7</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">11287276</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="CR246"><label>246.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Geiger</surname>
<given-names>M</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Li</surname>
<given-names>R</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Friess</surname>
<given-names>W</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Collagen sponges for bone regeneration with rhBMP-2</article-title>
<source>Adv Drug Deliv Rev</source>
<year>2003</year>
<volume>55</volume>
<fpage>1613</fpage>
<lpage>29</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1016/j.addr.2003.08.010</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">14623404</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="CR247"><label>247.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Marx</surname>
<given-names>RE</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Platelet-rich plasma: evidence to support its use</article-title>
<source>J Oral Maxillofac Surg</source>
<year>2004</year>
<volume>62</volume>
<fpage>489</fpage>
<lpage>96</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1016/j.joms.2003.12.003</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">15085519</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="CR248"><label>248.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Cabbar</surname>
<given-names>F</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Guler</surname>
<given-names>N</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Kurkcu</surname>
<given-names>M</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Iseri</surname>
<given-names>U</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Sencift</surname>
<given-names>K</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>The effect of bovine bone graft with or without platelet-rich plasma on maxillary sinus floor augmentation</article-title>
<source>J Oral Maxillofac Surg</source>
<year>2011</year>
<volume>69</volume>
<fpage>2537</fpage>
<lpage>47</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1016/j.joms.2011.03.040</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">21798642</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="CR249"><label>249.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Eskan</surname>
<given-names>MA</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Greenwell</surname>
<given-names>H</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Hill</surname>
<given-names>M</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Morton</surname>
<given-names>D</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Vidal</surname>
<given-names>R</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Shumway</surname>
<given-names>B</given-names>
</name>
<etal></etal>
</person-group>
<article-title>Platelet-rich plasma-assisted guided bone regeneration for ridge augmentation: a randomized, controlled clinical trial</article-title>
<source>J Periodontol</source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>85</volume>
<fpage>661</fpage>
<lpage>8</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1902/jop.2013.130260</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">23895252</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="CR250"><label>250.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Khairy</surname>
<given-names>NM</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Shendy</surname>
<given-names>EE</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Askar</surname>
<given-names>NA</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>El-Rouby</surname>
<given-names>DH</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Effect of platelet rich plasma on bone regeneration in maxillary sinus augmentation (randomized clinical trial)</article-title>
<source>Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg</source>
<year>2013</year>
<volume>42</volume>
<fpage>249</fpage>
<lpage>55</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1016/j.ijom.2012.09.009</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">23078753</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="CR251"><label>251.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Plachokova</surname>
<given-names>AS</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Nikolidakis</surname>
<given-names>D</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Mulder</surname>
<given-names>J</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Jansen</surname>
<given-names>JA</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Creugers</surname>
<given-names>NH</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Effect of platelet‐rich plasma on bone regeneration in dentistry: a systematic review</article-title>
<source>Clin Oral Implants Res</source>
<year>2008</year>
<volume>19</volume>
<fpage>539</fpage>
<lpage>45</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1111/j.1600-0501.2008.01525.x</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">18422984</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="CR252"><label>252.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Marx</surname>
<given-names>RE</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Carlson</surname>
<given-names>ER</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Eichstaedt</surname>
<given-names>RM</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Schimmele</surname>
<given-names>SR</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Strauss</surname>
<given-names>JE</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Georgeff</surname>
<given-names>KR</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Platelet-rich plasma: Growth factor enhancement for bone grafts</article-title>
<source>Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod</source>
<year>1998</year>
<volume>85</volume>
<fpage>638</fpage>
<lpage>46</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1016/S1079-2104(98)90029-4</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">9638695</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="CR253"><label>253.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Fennis</surname>
<given-names>J</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Stoelinga</surname>
<given-names>P</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Jansen</surname>
<given-names>J</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Mandibular reconstruction: a histological and histomorphometric study on the use of autogenous scaffolds, particulate cortico-cancellous bone grafts and platelet rich plasma in goats</article-title>
<source>Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg</source>
<year>2004</year>
<volume>33</volume>
<fpage>48</fpage>
<lpage>55</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1054/ijom.2003.0452</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">14690659</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="CR254"><label>254.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Kassolis</surname>
<given-names>JD</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Reynolds</surname>
<given-names>MA</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Evaluation of the adjunctive benefits of platelet-rich plasma in subantral sinus augmentation</article-title>
<source>J Craniofac Surg</source>
<year>2005</year>
<volume>16</volume>
<fpage>280</fpage>
<lpage>7</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1097/00001665-200503000-00015</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">15750426</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="CR255"><label>255.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Camargo</surname>
<given-names>PM</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Lekovic</surname>
<given-names>V</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Weinlaender</surname>
<given-names>M</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Vasilic</surname>
<given-names>N</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Madzarevic</surname>
<given-names>M</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Kenney</surname>
<given-names>EB</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Platelet‐rich plasma and bovine porous bone mineral combined with guided tissue regeneration in the treatment of intrabony defects in humans</article-title>
<source>J Periodontal Res</source>
<year>2002</year>
<volume>37</volume>
<fpage>300</fpage>
<lpage>6</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1034/j.1600-0765.2002.01001.x</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">12200975</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="CR256"><label>256.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Lekovic</surname>
<given-names>V</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Camargo</surname>
<given-names>PM</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Weinlaender</surname>
<given-names>M</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Vasilic</surname>
<given-names>N</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Aleksic</surname>
<given-names>Z</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Kenney</surname>
<given-names>EB</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Effectiveness of a combination of platelet‐rich plasma, bovine porous bone mineral and guided tissue regeneration in the treatment of mandibular grade II molar furcations in humans</article-title>
<source>J Clin Periodontol</source>
<year>2003</year>
<volume>30</volume>
<fpage>746</fpage>
<lpage>51</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1034/j.1600-051X.2003.00368.x</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">12887344</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="CR257"><label>257.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Nikolidakis</surname>
<given-names>D</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Dolder</surname>
<given-names>JVD</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Wolke</surname>
<given-names>JG</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Stoelinga</surname>
<given-names>PJ</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Jansen</surname>
<given-names>JA</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>The effect of platelet-rich plasma on the bone healing around calcium phosphate–coated and Non-coated oral implants in trabecular bone</article-title>
<source>Tissue Eng</source>
<year>2006</year>
<volume>12</volume>
<fpage>2555</fpage>
<lpage>63</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1089/ten.2006.12.2555</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">16995788</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="CR258"><label>258.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Roselló-Camps</surname>
<given-names>À</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Monje</surname>
<given-names>A</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Lin</surname>
<given-names>G-H</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Khoshkam</surname>
<given-names>V</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Chávez-Gatty</surname>
<given-names>M</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Wang</surname>
<given-names>H-L</given-names>
</name>
<etal></etal>
</person-group>
<article-title>Platelet-rich plasma for periodontal regeneration in the treatment of intrabony defects: a meta-analysis on prospective clinical trials</article-title>
<source>Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral radiol</source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>120</volume>
<fpage>562</fpage>
<lpage>74</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1016/j.oooo.2015.06.035</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">26453383</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="CR259"><label>259.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Peltola</surname>
<given-names>SM</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Melchels</surname>
<given-names>FP</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Grijpma</surname>
<given-names>DW</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Kellomäki</surname>
<given-names>M</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>A review of rapid prototyping techniques for tissue engineering purposes</article-title>
<source>Ann Med</source>
<year>2008</year>
<volume>40</volume>
<fpage>268</fpage>
<lpage>80</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1080/07853890701881788</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">18428020</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="CR260"><label>260.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Ivanovski</surname>
<given-names>S</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Vaquette</surname>
<given-names>C</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Gronthos</surname>
<given-names>S</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Hutmacher</surname>
<given-names>D</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Bartold</surname>
<given-names>P</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Multiphasic scaffolds for periodontal tissue engineering</article-title>
<source>J Dent Res</source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>93</volume>
<fpage>1212</fpage>
<lpage>21</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1177/0022034514544301</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">25139362</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="CR261"><label>261.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Rasperini</surname>
<given-names>G</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Pilipchuk</surname>
<given-names>S</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Flanagan</surname>
<given-names>C</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Park</surname>
<given-names>C</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Pagni</surname>
<given-names>G</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Hollister</surname>
<given-names>S</given-names>
</name>
<etal></etal>
</person-group>
<article-title>3D-printed bioresorbable scaffold for periodontal repair</article-title>
<source>J Dent Res</source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>94</volume>
<fpage>153S</fpage>
<lpage>7</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1177/0022034515588303</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">26124215</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="CR262"><label>262.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Chia</surname>
<given-names>HN</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Wu</surname>
<given-names>BM</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Recent advances in 3D printing of biomaterials</article-title>
<source>J Biol Eng</source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>9</volume>
<fpage>4</fpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1186/s13036-015-0001-4</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">25866560</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="CR263"><label>263.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Park</surname>
<given-names>CH</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Rios</surname>
<given-names>HF</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Jin</surname>
<given-names>Q</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Sugai</surname>
<given-names>JV</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Padial-Molina</surname>
<given-names>M</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Taut</surname>
<given-names>AD</given-names>
</name>
<etal></etal>
</person-group>
<article-title>Tissue engineering bone-ligament complexes using fiber-guiding scaffolds</article-title>
<source>Biomaterials</source>
<year>2012</year>
<volume>33</volume>
<fpage>137</fpage>
<lpage>45</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1016/j.biomaterials.2011.09.057</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">21993234</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="CR264"><label>264.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Peter</surname>
<given-names>S</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Miller</surname>
<given-names>MJ</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Yasko</surname>
<given-names>A</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Yaszemski</surname>
<given-names>MJ</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Mikos</surname>
<given-names>A</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Polymer concepts in tissue engineering</article-title>
<source>J Biomed Mater Res A</source>
<year>1998</year>
<volume>43</volume>
<fpage>422</fpage>
<lpage>7</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1002/(SICI)1097-4636(199824)43:4<422::AID-JBM9>3.0.CO;2-1</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="CR265"><label>265.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Hutmacher</surname>
<given-names>DW</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Scaffolds in tissue engineering bone and cartilage</article-title>
<source>Biomaterials</source>
<year>2000</year>
<volume>21</volume>
<fpage>2529</fpage>
<lpage>43</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1016/S0142-9612(00)00121-6</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">11071603</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="CR266"><label>266.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Park</surname>
<given-names>C</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Kim</surname>
<given-names>K</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Rios</surname>
<given-names>H</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Lee</surname>
<given-names>Y</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Giannobile</surname>
<given-names>W</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Seol</surname>
<given-names>Y</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Spatiotemporally controlled microchannels of periodontal mimic scaffolds</article-title>
<source>J Dent Res</source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>93</volume>
<fpage>1304</fpage>
<lpage>12</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1177/0022034514550716</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">25216511</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="CR267"><label>267.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Wikesjö</surname>
<given-names>UM</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Nilvéus</surname>
<given-names>RE</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Selvig</surname>
<given-names>KA</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Significance of early healing events on periodontal repair: a review</article-title>
<source>J Periodontol</source>
<year>1992</year>
<volume>63</volume>
<fpage>158</fpage>
<lpage>65</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1902/jop.1992.63.3.158</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">1593409</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="CR268"><label>268.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Yajima-Himuro</surname>
<given-names>S</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Oshima</surname>
<given-names>M</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Yamamoto</surname>
<given-names>G</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Ogawa</surname>
<given-names>M</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Furuya</surname>
<given-names>M</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Tanaka</surname>
<given-names>J</given-names>
</name>
<etal></etal>
</person-group>
<article-title>The junctional epithelium originates from the odontogenic epithelium of an erupted tooth</article-title>
<source>Sci Rep</source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>4</volume>
<fpage>4867</fpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1038/srep04867</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">24785116</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="CR269"><label>269.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Sugisawa</surname>
<given-names>M</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Masaoka</surname>
<given-names>T</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Enokiya</surname>
<given-names>Y</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Muramatsu</surname>
<given-names>T</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Hashimoto</surname>
<given-names>S</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Yamada</surname>
<given-names>S</given-names>
</name>
<etal></etal>
</person-group>
<article-title>Expression and function of laminin and integrins on adhesion/migration of primary culture cells derived from rat oral epithelium</article-title>
<source>J Periodontal Res</source>
<year>2010</year>
<volume>45</volume>
<fpage>284</fpage>
<lpage>91</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1111/j.1600-0765.2009.01231.x</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">20470260</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="CR270"><label>270.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Cochran</surname>
<given-names>DL</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Cobb</surname>
<given-names>CM</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Bashutski</surname>
<given-names>JD</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Chun</surname>
<given-names>Y-HP</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Lin</surname>
<given-names>Z</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Mandelaris</surname>
<given-names>GA</given-names>
</name>
<etal></etal>
</person-group>
<article-title>Emerging regenerative approaches for periodontal reconstruction: a consensus report from the AAP Regeneration Workshop</article-title>
<source>J Periodontol</source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>86</volume>
<fpage>S153</fpage>
<lpage>6</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1902/jop.2015.140381</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">25317603</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="CR271"><label>271.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Ceccarelli</surname>
<given-names>G</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Presta</surname>
<given-names>R</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Benedetti</surname>
<given-names>L</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Cusella De Angelis</surname>
<given-names>MG</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Lupi</surname>
<given-names>SM</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Rodriguez y Baena</surname>
<given-names>R</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Emerging perspectives in scaffold for tissue engineering in oral surgery</article-title>
<source>Stem Cells Int</source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>2017</volume>
<fpage>4585401</fpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1155/2017/4585401</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">28337223</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="CR272"><label>272.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Wang</surname>
<given-names>H-L</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>MacNeil</surname>
<given-names>RL</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Guided tissue regeneration. Absorbable barriers</article-title>
<source>Dent Clin N Am</source>
<year>1998</year>
<volume>42</volume>
<fpage>505</fpage>
<lpage>22</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">9700452</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</pmc>
</record>
Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
EXPLOR_STEP=$WICRI_ROOT/Wicri/Santé/explor/EdenteV2/Data/Pmc/Corpus
HfdSelect -h $EXPLOR_STEP/biblio.hfd -nk 000E22 | SxmlIndent | more
Ou
HfdSelect -h $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/Pmc/Corpus/biblio.hfd -nk 000E22 | SxmlIndent | more
Pour mettre un lien sur cette page dans le réseau Wicri
{{Explor lien |wiki= Wicri/Santé |area= EdenteV2 |flux= Pmc |étape= Corpus |type= RBID |clé= |texte= }}
![]() | This area was generated with Dilib version V0.6.32. | ![]() |