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<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">The influence of immediate complete anterior guidance development technique on subjective symptoms in Myofascial pain patients: Verified using digital analysis of occlusion (Tek-scan) for analysing occlusion: A 3 years clinical observation</title><author><name sortKey="Thumati, Prafulla" sort="Thumati, Prafulla" uniqKey="Thumati P" first="Prafulla" last="Thumati">Prafulla Thumati</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1">Department of Prosthodontics, Dayananda Sagar College of Dental Sciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India</nlm:aff></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno><idno type="pmid">26929516</idno><idno type="pmc">4762330</idno><idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4762330</idno><idno type="RBID">PMC:4762330</idno><idno type="doi">10.4103/0972-4052.158079</idno><date when="2015">2015</date><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Corpus">000696</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PMC">000696</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">The influence of immediate complete anterior guidance development technique on subjective symptoms in Myofascial pain patients: Verified using digital analysis of occlusion (Tek-scan) for analysing occlusion: A 3 years clinical observation</title><author><name sortKey="Thumati, Prafulla" sort="Thumati, Prafulla" uniqKey="Thumati P" first="Prafulla" last="Thumati">Prafulla Thumati</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1">Department of Prosthodontics, Dayananda Sagar College of Dental Sciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India</nlm:aff></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">The Journal of the Indian Prosthodontic Society</title><idno type="ISSN">0972-4052</idno><idno type="eISSN">1998-4057</idno><imprint><date when="2015">2015</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><sec id="st1"><title>Objectives:</title><p>The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effect of occlusal equilibration using immediate complete anterior guidance development (ICAGD) technique by Kerstein and Farrell on the subjective symptoms of myofascial pain. This technique is the most advanced verifiable and measurable way of digitally analyzing the occlusion using T-scan technology. The primary objective is to reduce the anterior disclusion time to <0.4 s and the secondary objective is to reduce the signs and symptoms of myofascial pain.</p></sec><sec id="st2"><title>Materials and Methods:</title><p>This study is to assess the reducing effects of subjective symptoms of 100 patients diagnosed as myofascial pain patients treated by ICAGD technique as described by Kerstein and Farrell. The common complaints of the patients were a pain in the masseter and temporal muscles, jaw tiredness in the mornings, night bruxing and difficulty in chewing. In this technique occlusal equilibration involves removal of posterior interferences and establish anterior guidance. The patients were treated over three visits 1-week apart and followed for 3 years with an interval of 3 months for the subsequent visits. A visual analog ordinal scale is used to rate the symptoms. The symptoms reduction occurred for all the patients after the first correction in about 5–10 days. In about a period of 3 years review, no recurrence was seen of the chronic myofascial symptoms.</p></sec><sec id="st3"><title>Results:</title><p>In spite of the chronic nature of the patient's symptoms, symptom reduction occurred in a week's time. This was assessed by the results of the ordinal scale values. This agrees with the studies of Kerstein and Farrell.</p></sec><sec id="st4"><title>Conclusion:</title><p>Equilibration of occlusion using digital analysis by T-scan in which force is quantified against time, should be done to establish free functional movements without any interference; otherwise the disturbances in the excursive movements may lead to muscle dysfunction at later years.</p></sec></div></front><back><div1 type="bibliography"><listBibl><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Berlin, R" uniqKey="Berlin R">R Berlin</name></author><author><name sortKey="Dessner, L" uniqKey="Dessner L">L Dessner</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Berlin, R" uniqKey="Berlin R">R Berlin</name></author><author><name sortKey="Dessner, L" uniqKey="Dessner L">L Dessner</name></author><author><name sortKey="Aberg, S" uniqKey="Aberg S">S Aberg</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Greene, Cs" uniqKey="Greene C">CS Greene</name></author><author><name sortKey="Laskin, Dm" uniqKey="Laskin D">DM Laskin</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Lederman, Kh" uniqKey="Lederman K">KH Lederman</name></author><author><name sortKey="Clayton, Ja" uniqKey="Clayton J">JA Clayton</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Solberg, Wk" uniqKey="Solberg W">WK Solberg</name></author><author><name sortKey="Clark, Gt" uniqKey="Clark G">GT Clark</name></author><author><name sortKey="Rugh, Jd" uniqKey="Rugh J">JD Rugh</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Solberg, Wk" uniqKey="Solberg W">WK Solberg</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Butler, Jh" uniqKey="Butler J">JH Butler</name></author><author><name sortKey="Folke, Le" uniqKey="Folke L">LE Folke</name></author><author><name sortKey="Bandt, Cl" uniqKey="Bandt C">CL Bandt</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Kerstein, Rb" uniqKey="Kerstein R">RB Kerstein</name></author><author><name sortKey="Farrell, S" uniqKey="Farrell S">S Farrell</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Riise, C" uniqKey="Riise C">C Riise</name></author><author><name sortKey="Sheikholeslam, A" uniqKey="Sheikholeslam A">A Sheikholeslam</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Helsing, G" uniqKey="Helsing G">G Helsing</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Glickman, I" uniqKey="Glickman I">I Glickman</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Williamson, Eh" uniqKey="Williamson E">EH Williamson</name></author><author><name sortKey="Lundquist, Do" uniqKey="Lundquist D">DO Lundquist</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Dawson, Pe" uniqKey="Dawson P">PE Dawson</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Kerstein, Rb" uniqKey="Kerstein R">RB Kerstein</name></author><author><name sortKey="Radke, J" uniqKey="Radke J">J Radke</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Haralur, Sb" uniqKey="Haralur S">SB Haralur</name></author></analytic></biblStruct></listBibl></div1></back></TEI><pmc article-type="research-article"><pmc-dir>properties open_access</pmc-dir>
<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">J Indian Prosthodont Soc</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">J Indian Prosthodont Soc</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">JIPS</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title>The Journal of the Indian Prosthodontic Society</journal-title></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0972-4052</issn><issn pub-type="epub">1998-4057</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Medknow Publications & Media Pvt Ltd</publisher-name><publisher-loc>India</publisher-loc></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">26929516</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="pmc">4762330</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">JIPS-15-218</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.4103/0972-4052.158079</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Original Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>The influence of immediate complete anterior guidance development technique on subjective symptoms in Myofascial pain patients: Verified using digital analysis of occlusion (Tek-scan) for analysing occlusion: A 3 years clinical observation</article-title></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Thumati</surname><given-names>Prafulla</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"></xref><xref ref-type="corresp" rid="cor1"></xref></contrib></contrib-group><aff id="aff1">Department of Prosthodontics, Dayananda Sagar College of Dental Sciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India</aff><author-notes><corresp id="cor1"><bold>Address for correspondence:</bold> Dr. Prafulla Thumati, Department of Prosthodontics, Dayananda Sagar Dental College and Research Centre, Rajiv Gandhi University of Health Sciences, Kumarswamy Layout, Bengaluru - 560 078, Karnataka, India. E-mail: <email xlink:href="thumatiprafulla@gmail.com">thumatiprafulla@gmail.com</email></corresp></author-notes><pub-date pub-type="ppub"><season>Jul-Sep</season><year>2015</year></pub-date><volume>15</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>218</fpage><lpage>223</lpage><history><date date-type="received"><day>07</day><month>8</month><year>2014</year></date><date date-type="accepted"><day>29</day><month>4</month><year>2015</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright: © 2015 The Journal of Indian Prosthodontic Society</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2015</copyright-year><license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0"><license-p>This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 License, which allows others to remix, tweak, and build upon the work non-commercially, as long as the author is credited and the new creations are licensed under the identical terms.</license-p></license></permissions><abstract><sec id="st1"><title>Objectives:</title><p>The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effect of occlusal equilibration using immediate complete anterior guidance development (ICAGD) technique by Kerstein and Farrell on the subjective symptoms of myofascial pain. This technique is the most advanced verifiable and measurable way of digitally analyzing the occlusion using T-scan technology. The primary objective is to reduce the anterior disclusion time to <0.4 s and the secondary objective is to reduce the signs and symptoms of myofascial pain.</p></sec><sec id="st2"><title>Materials and Methods:</title><p>This study is to assess the reducing effects of subjective symptoms of 100 patients diagnosed as myofascial pain patients treated by ICAGD technique as described by Kerstein and Farrell. The common complaints of the patients were a pain in the masseter and temporal muscles, jaw tiredness in the mornings, night bruxing and difficulty in chewing. In this technique occlusal equilibration involves removal of posterior interferences and establish anterior guidance. The patients were treated over three visits 1-week apart and followed for 3 years with an interval of 3 months for the subsequent visits. A visual analog ordinal scale is used to rate the symptoms. The symptoms reduction occurred for all the patients after the first correction in about 5–10 days. In about a period of 3 years review, no recurrence was seen of the chronic myofascial symptoms.</p></sec><sec id="st3"><title>Results:</title><p>In spite of the chronic nature of the patient's symptoms, symptom reduction occurred in a week's time. This was assessed by the results of the ordinal scale values. This agrees with the studies of Kerstein and Farrell.</p></sec><sec id="st4"><title>Conclusion:</title><p>Equilibration of occlusion using digital analysis by T-scan in which force is quantified against time, should be done to establish free functional movements without any interference; otherwise the disturbances in the excursive movements may lead to muscle dysfunction at later years.</p></sec></abstract><kwd-group><title>Key Words</title><kwd>Digital analysis of occlusion</kwd><kwd>electromyography</kwd><kwd>enameloplasty</kwd><kwd>immediate complete anterior guidance development</kwd><kwd>joint vibratography</kwd><kwd>myofascial pain</kwd><kwd>occlusal discrepancy</kwd><kwd>T-scan</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><body><sec sec-type="intro" id="sec1-1"><title>INTRODUCTION</title><p>The signs and symptoms of chronic Myofascial pain are pain in the face, limited mouth opening, muscle tenderness, deviation of the jaw on opening, noises in the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) and pain in and around TMJ area.[<xref rid="ref1" ref-type="bibr">1</xref><xref rid="ref2" ref-type="bibr">2</xref><xref rid="ref3" ref-type="bibr">3</xref><xref rid="ref4" ref-type="bibr">4</xref><xref rid="ref5" ref-type="bibr">5</xref>] The etiologic factors and treatment modalities for chronic myofascial pain are widely studied and debated.</p><p>Occlusal therapy constitutes a deliberate intervention for the purpose of changing the occlusal status. It should be based on an objective diagnosis and evaluation in each case. It has been reported that the reduced dysfunctional activity with the use of bite planes would return if the bite planes were left out of the mouth at night; but it never happened to patients who had occlusal equilibration by immediate complete anterior guidance development (ICAGD) technique, even if they stopped using the bite planes.[<xref rid="ref4" ref-type="bibr">4</xref><xref rid="ref5" ref-type="bibr">5</xref><xref rid="ref6" ref-type="bibr">6</xref>]</p><p>Occlusal equilibration as a treatment modality for relieving the symptoms of myofascial pain has been successful for some people and not so for some people.[<xref rid="ref7" ref-type="bibr">7</xref>] The present study reports the result of 100 patients with chronic myofascial pain symptoms treated by “occlusal equilibration using ICAGD technique” by Kerstein and Farrell as the treatment option with computer-guided ICAGD enameloplasty and simultaneously recorded T-scan data.</p><sec id="sec2-1"><title>Aims and objectives</title><p>To assess the therapeutic efficacy of T-scan III guided and measured ICAGD occlusal calibration procedure in creation of the occlusal scheme in which disclusion time is < 0.4 s/excursion and assess their effect in bringing down the subjective symptoms of myofascial pain.</p></sec><sec id="sec2-2"><title>Inclusion criteria</title><p><list list-type="bullet"><list-item><p>Pain in the face</p></list-item><list-item><p>Limited mouth opening</p></list-item><list-item><p>Muscle tenderness</p></list-item><list-item><p>Deviation of the jaw on opening</p></list-item><list-item><p>Noises in the TMJ and pain in and around TMJ area</p></list-item><list-item><p>Dentulous patients.</p></list-item></list></p></sec><sec id="sec2-3"><title>Exclusion criteria</title><p><list list-type="bullet"><list-item><p>Patients with the Edentulous mouth.</p></list-item></list></p></sec></sec><sec sec-type="materials|methods" id="sec1-2"><title>MATERIALS AND METHODS</title><p>This study included 100 patients diagnosed as myofascial pain cases. Of these 100 cases, 32 men and 68 women having an age range of 18 to 60 years were presented. Of this, 17 men were between 18 and 35 years and 15 of them between 36 and 60 years. 52 women were in the age group of 18 to 35 years and 16 of them between 36 and 60 years. The areas of pain reported are in the region of masseter, temporalis, and lower border of the mandible near molar area and in the ear or TMJ region [<xref ref-type="table" rid="T1">Table 1</xref>].</p><table-wrap id="T1" position="float"><label>Table 1</label><caption><p>Age and sex distribution</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="JIPS-15-218-g001"></graphic></table-wrap><p>All the patients were screened with the biometric diagnostic investigations like T-scan (digital analysis of occlusion), electromyography (EMG) and joint vibratography (JVA) to study existing dentition. JVA analysis will give us, whether the case is intracapsular or extracapsular disorder. Extracapsular cases were studied by using T-scan and EMG, for the tooth contact sequence, changing occlusal forces and fluctuating muscle activity levels of the temporalis and masseter muscle. The recorded details are from an intercuspal position followed by excursive movements till the muscle shutdown occurred.</p><p>About the location and nature of pain, a total of 180 sites of chronic discomfort with some patients showing more than one area were recorded. In this, temporalis area showed the maximum in 69 patients and then the masseter area 54 patients. The onset of the pain or discomfort was described by 69 people as tension and pain in the temporal area and the next pattern was pain in the masseter area while chewing and stiffness in the face in the mornings. The lower border of the mandible was the next point of discomfort. Twenty-one patients had unilateral or bilateral joint disturbances in the form of clicks or pops. The symptom distribution subjectively has been shown region-wise and numbers in Tables <xref ref-type="table" rid="T2">2</xref> and <xref ref-type="table" rid="T3">3</xref>.</p><table-wrap id="T2" position="float"><label>Table 2</label><caption><p>Regions of chronic pain</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="JIPS-15-218-g002"></graphic></table-wrap><table-wrap id="T3" position="float"><label>Table 3</label><caption><p>Subjective distribution of symptoms</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="JIPS-15-218-g003"></graphic></table-wrap><p>About the intensity of symptoms, an ordinal scale of visual analog scale having ratings from 0 to 5 were used to categorize the symptoms in to 0 = no pain/1 = very little/2 = mild/3 = moderate/4 = severe/5 = very severe; as shown in Tables <xref ref-type="table" rid="T4">4</xref> and <xref ref-type="table" rid="T5">5</xref> before treatment and after 1-week.</p><table-wrap id="T4" position="float"><label>Table 4</label><caption><p>Symptoms assessment ordinal scale-pretreatment</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="JIPS-15-218-g004"></graphic></table-wrap><table-wrap id="T5" position="float"><label>Table 5</label><caption><p>Symptoms assessment ordinal scale-posttreatment (after 1-week)</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="JIPS-15-218-g005"></graphic></table-wrap><sec id="sec2-4"><title>Technique of immediate complete anterior guidance development treatment protocol</title><p>The protocol for ICAGD is to start by recording the traces of all mandibular movements using T-scan and EMG after JVA being recorded. Once the traces are studied for occluding time and discluding time details, the occlusal interferences in excursive mandibular movements are eliminated like all Class I to III interferences described by Glickman [Figures <xref ref-type="fig" rid="F1">1</xref> and <xref ref-type="fig" rid="F2">2</xref>]. Once this is achieved, either by reduction-enameloplasty or by addition to teeth, immediate posterior disclusion in <0.4 s should be achieved. The intentions are to establish ICAGD with <0.4 s disclusion time in excursive mandibular movements.</p><fig id="F1" position="float"><label>Figure 1</label><caption><p>Glickman's classification of interfaces</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="JIPS-15-218-g006"></graphic></fig><fig id="F2" position="float"><label>Figure 2</label><caption><p>Cross bite</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="JIPS-15-218-g007"></graphic></fig><p>When we equilibrate occlusion by ICAGD technique, keep asking -where is the highest pressure point in the bite, do you have any rocking points, is it equal on left and right side, is it very light at the back end when you bite, is it hurting in temples, face, neck or ears when you bite, do you feel blocked when you want to glide from side to side, is there raised tension in your face when you bite and do you have anything that you do not like about your bite.</p><p>Immediate complete anterior guidance development is done in two phases. In the first phase after analyzing the digital data of T-scan, enameloplasty (reduction) or addition to teeth with composites is done in such a way, immediate posterior disclusion in <0.4 s is achieved. This reduces muscular contraction in masticatory muscles by suppressing the mechanoreceptor activity due to shortened disclusion time. There by lessened lactic acid produced with increased availability of oxygen for the muscular tissues. This reduced muscle hyper activity will be immediately shown as muscle relaxation, decreased pain, stress released from the face etc., for the patient's.</p><p>The arch relation between maxillary and mandibular teeth is as follows; 79 of them Angles Class I, 7 of them Class II inclusive of both the divisions and 14 of them Class III. All of them were subjected to complete occlusal examination, which revealed centric relation to centric occlusal (CR-CO) discrepancy of 0.25 to 3 mm in both the horizontal and vertical direction. In this, 51 patients had gone through orthodontic corrections. Even though they had good vertical relationship; 16 people had posterior cross bites and 3 of them anterior open bite.</p><p>All these patients were having inability or limited ability to right and/or left excursive movements when anterior teeth are in contact. This was primarily due to both working and nonworking interferences in the posterior teeth [Figures <xref ref-type="fig" rid="F3">3</xref> and <xref ref-type="fig" rid="F4">4</xref>]. Some of these patients could move a bit from their habitual maximum contact and others move laterally if they first separated their teeth vertically. Twenty one of them had protrusive interferences too, even though all of them could protrude mandible. Most of them had anterior worn out (wear out facets) incisal edges especially canines, there by anterior guidance being lost [<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F5">Figure 5</xref>]. The 23 patients who were using acrylic resin splints (night guards) were subjected to occlusal evaluation without the splints. All these patients were unable to do lateral movements from ICP due to working and nonworking interferences. The major factor in all these patients was missing freedom for the mandibular excursive movements in all directions in contact with the opposing teeth due to lack of anterior guidance. Since this is a subjective description of the findings, no control group is used.</p><fig id="F3" position="float"><label>Figure 3</label><caption><p>Working and nonworking interferences</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="JIPS-15-218-g008"></graphic></fig><fig id="F4" position="float"><label>Figure 4</label><caption><p>Working and nonworking interferences</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="JIPS-15-218-g009"></graphic></fig><fig id="F5" position="float"><label>Figure 5</label><caption><p>Worn out teeth</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="JIPS-15-218-g010"></graphic></fig><p>In the second phase, on 8<sup>th</sup> day (after 1-week) pre- and post-treatment records are recorded [<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F6">Figure 6</xref>]. Occlusal interferences are looked for and cleared till the new habitual bite is eventless by having <0.4 s disclusion time and the entire craniofacial physiology is at its best health. This is confirmed with the Bio-metric reports of T-scan, EMG and JVA and disappearance of MPDS symptoms over a period of 4 to 6 weeks completely. Patient is reviewed periodically to avoid changes in disclusion timings at regular interval of 1, 3, 6 months and every 6 months afterwards for 3 years. Follow-up visits showed that after reduction, the pretreatment levels of excursive muscular hyperactivity were lessened.[<xref rid="ref9" ref-type="bibr">9</xref>]</p><fig id="F6" position="float"><label>Figure 6</label><caption><p>T-scan & EMG traces</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="JIPS-15-218-g011"></graphic></fig></sec><sec id="sec2-5"><title>Treatment</title><p>Treatment objective was to free the contact mandibular movements in all eccentric directions by occlusal equilibration as described by Glickman[<xref rid="ref11" ref-type="bibr">11</xref>] and Kerstein's[<xref rid="ref8" ref-type="bibr">8</xref>] ICAGD technique. But no attempt is being made to modify the closure position to CR and neither an attempt was made to correct the CR-CO discrepancy.[<xref rid="ref10" ref-type="bibr">10</xref>] The sole treatment purpose was to remove all nonworking and working interferences and develop an anterior guidance. For patients with anterior open bite and Class II angles relation, guidance was established on canines and first premolars, Class III angles relation it was provided on incisors and canines and Class I relation it was on canines and incisors.</p><p>After the first visit for occlusal equilibration, all patients in the second visit after 1-week reported of easy jaw movements and fresh feeling in the face, lack of stiffness in the face indicating stress free facial tissues and no muscle pain. Sixty seven patients were very happy, five of them still complained of 10% to 20% of symptoms who had few more interference. After the second visit corrections, even these five patients were very much comfortable. The other three patients were having flat occlusal surfaces and needed couple of visits to gain anterior guidance after which even they were comfortable.</p></sec></sec><sec sec-type="results" id="sec1-3"><title>RESULTS</title><p>Regardless of the chronic nature of the patient's symptoms, symptom reduction occurred in a week's time. This agrees with the studies of Kerstein and Farrell.[<xref rid="ref8" ref-type="bibr">8</xref>] All the 100 patients reported no facial tension or fatigue on eating. The bruxing patients reported of relaxed muscles and no pain. The episodes of bruxing had reduced as reported by their spouses or relatives. The patients who complained of pain near ear or TMJ, the frequency of pain greatly reduced, but the clicking and popping persisted. These patients recalled over 3 years showed that the results were maintained and no recurrence was seen.</p></sec><sec sec-type="discussion" id="sec1-4"><title>DISCUSSION</title><p>From the data [<xref ref-type="table" rid="T1">Table 1</xref>] it is seen that, these problems are predominantly seen in women aged between 18 and 35 years. Out of 68 women patients from 100 treated cases, 52 are in the age group of 18–35.</p><p>As per Glickman's classification[<xref rid="ref11" ref-type="bibr">11</xref>] the maximum number of interferences were Class III, followed by Class II and Class I. Removal of Class III interferences on nonworking side during equilibration procedure, which is on the buccal inclines of the upper palatal cusps and lingual inclines of the lower buccal cusps will facilitate better visualization of Class II and I interferences on the working side. Once all the faulty contacts are eliminated and anterior guidance established with all freedom of Jaw movements.</p><p>As reported by Williamson and Lundquist,[<xref rid="ref12" ref-type="bibr">12</xref>] Dawson,[<xref rid="ref13" ref-type="bibr">13</xref>] Kerstein and Farrell,[<xref rid="ref8" ref-type="bibr">8</xref>] there will be masticatory muscle activity leading to contraction in the muscles during closed position and this will continue when the posterior teeth are in contact during excursive movement. In turn this will lead to release of contractile by-products like lactic acid which results in muscle spasm, muscle fatigue, pain. Due to spasmic contractions, blood supply is reduced with decreased muscle function, oxygen and increased ischemic changes.[<xref rid="ref13" ref-type="bibr">13</xref>] This will lead to increased pain as nerve endings are sensitive to lactic acid and ischemic changes.</p><p>Since the nonworking and working interference were removed and anterior guidance was established, the excessive muscle activity is being interrupted during closing contacts giving rest to muscles.[<xref rid="ref14" ref-type="bibr">14</xref><xref rid="ref15" ref-type="bibr">15</xref>] This will eliminate the muscle hyperactivity, fatigueness, tenderness and pain in the muscles reliving the symptoms of all myofascial pain symptoms from musculoskelatally based issues.</p><p>In all the 100 patients, 51 (51%) of them have developed symptoms long after their orthodontic treatment. This gives a direction to think about, mere establishment of ideal vertical tooth relation may not lead to functionally and neuromuscularly healthy excursive movements. If free excursive mandibular movements are not established after postorthodontic treatment may lead to muscle dysfunction at later years. Thus, equilibration should be done to establish good and free functional movements without any interference after orthodontic treatment is completed and the teeth have assumed stable positions.</p></sec><sec sec-type="conclusion" id="sec1-5"><title>CONCLUSION</title><p>In this report, it is seen that the treatment of 100 patients having myofascial pain with occlusal equilibration using digital analysis of occlusion by T-scan, EMG and JVA technology; which is quantifying of occlusal forces against time has brought relief of symptoms in about week to 10 days time. Further long-term and control studies are required to know the relation between neuromuscular health and teeth contacts.</p></sec></body><back><ack><title>ACKNOWLEDGMENTS</title><p>I acknowledge my mentor Dr. Robert B. 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