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Magnet retained lip prosthesis in a geriatric patient

Identifieur interne : 000538 ( Pmc/Corpus ); précédent : 000537; suivant : 000539

Magnet retained lip prosthesis in a geriatric patient

Auteurs : Srinivasa B. Rao ; Sunil Kumar Gurram ; Sunil Kumar Mishra ; Ramesh Chowdhary

Source :

RBID : PMC:4762303

Abstract

Surgical resection of lips is a relatively rare procedure. A defective lip may cause the patient to feel socially vulnerable as well as functionally handicapped and the defect will influence the patient's self-esteem and body image. Patients with labial defects also experience speech problems along with drying and crusting of the tissues in the area of defect. The lip and cheek provide a valve mechanism for speech. Rehabilitation of patients with this type of surgery creates numerous challenges for both the surgical and the maxillofacial prosthetic teams. The goals of prosthetic treatment include regaining favorable speech and restoration of esthetics. This case report presents a 65-year-old woman who was referred for restoration of her lost lip. This case paper describes a quick and simple method of positioning magnets with lip prosthesis attached to maxillary denture and thus esthetics and speech of the patient is restored. Use of retention magnets simplify the clinical and laboratory phase retains the denture and makes it stable and comfortable for the patient. The advent of magnets has enhanced the dental practitioner's capabilities with a remarkably improved potential for increasing prosthesis stability and preserving tissue.


Url:
DOI: 10.4103/0972-4052.158081
PubMed: 26929510
PubMed Central: 4762303

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PMC:4762303

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<name sortKey="Rao, Srinivasa B" sort="Rao, Srinivasa B" uniqKey="Rao S" first="Srinivasa B" last="Rao">Srinivasa B. Rao</name>
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<nlm:aff id="aff1">Department of Maxillofacial Prosthodontics and Implantology, Gitam Dental College, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, India</nlm:aff>
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<name sortKey="Gurram, Sunil Kumar" sort="Gurram, Sunil Kumar" uniqKey="Gurram S" first="Sunil Kumar" last="Gurram">Sunil Kumar Gurram</name>
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<name sortKey="Mishra, Sunil Kumar" sort="Mishra, Sunil Kumar" uniqKey="Mishra S" first="Sunil Kumar" last="Mishra">Sunil Kumar Mishra</name>
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<name sortKey="Chowdhary, Ramesh" sort="Chowdhary, Ramesh" uniqKey="Chowdhary R" first="Ramesh" last="Chowdhary">Ramesh Chowdhary</name>
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<p>Surgical resection of lips is a relatively rare procedure. A defective lip may cause the patient to feel socially vulnerable as well as functionally handicapped and the defect will influence the patient's self-esteem and body image. Patients with labial defects also experience speech problems along with drying and crusting of the tissues in the area of defect. The lip and cheek provide a valve mechanism for speech. Rehabilitation of patients with this type of surgery creates numerous challenges for both the surgical and the maxillofacial prosthetic teams. The goals of prosthetic treatment include regaining favorable speech and restoration of esthetics. This case report presents a 65-year-old woman who was referred for restoration of her lost lip. This case paper describes a quick and simple method of positioning magnets with lip prosthesis attached to maxillary denture and thus esthetics and speech of the patient is restored. Use of retention magnets simplify the clinical and laboratory phase retains the denture and makes it stable and comfortable for the patient. The advent of magnets has enhanced the dental practitioner's capabilities with a remarkably improved potential for increasing prosthesis stability and preserving tissue.</p>
</div>
</front>
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<pmc-dir>properties open_access</pmc-dir>
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">J Indian Prosthodont Soc</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">J Indian Prosthodont Soc</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">JIPS</journal-id>
<journal-title-group>
<journal-title>The Journal of the Indian Prosthodontic Society</journal-title>
</journal-title-group>
<issn pub-type="ppub">0972-4052</issn>
<issn pub-type="epub">1998-4057</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name>Medknow Publications & Media Pvt Ltd</publisher-name>
<publisher-loc>India</publisher-loc>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id pub-id-type="pmid">26929510</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="pmc">4762303</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">JIPS-15-187</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.4103/0972-4052.158081</article-id>
<article-categories>
<subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
<subject>Case Report</subject>
</subj-group>
</article-categories>
<title-group>
<article-title>Magnet retained lip prosthesis in a geriatric patient</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Rao</surname>
<given-names>Srinivasa B</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"></xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Gurram</surname>
<given-names>Sunil Kumar</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">1</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Mishra</surname>
<given-names>Sunil Kumar</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">2</xref>
<xref ref-type="corresp" rid="cor1"></xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Chowdhary</surname>
<given-names>Ramesh</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4">3</xref>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="aff1">Department of Maxillofacial Prosthodontics and Implantology, Gitam Dental College, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, India</aff>
<aff id="aff2">
<label>1</label>
Department of Maxillofacial Prosthodontics and Implantology, Mamata Dental College, Khammam, Telangana, India</aff>
<aff id="aff3">
<label>2</label>
Department of Maxillofacial Prosthodontics and Implantology, Peoples Dental Academy, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India</aff>
<aff id="aff4">
<label>3</label>
Department of Maxillofacial Prosthodontics and Implantology, Rajarajeshwari Dental College, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India</aff>
<author-notes>
<corresp id="cor1">
<bold>Address for correspondence:</bold>
Dr. Sunil Kumar Mishra, Department of Maxillofacial Prosthodontics and Implantology, Peoples Dental Academy, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India. E-mail:
<email xlink:href="sunilmsr200@yahoo.co.in">sunilmsr200@yahoo.co.in</email>
</corresp>
</author-notes>
<pub-date pub-type="ppub">
<season>Apr-Jun</season>
<year>2015</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>15</volume>
<issue>2</issue>
<fpage>187</fpage>
<lpage>190</lpage>
<history>
<date date-type="received">
<day>08</day>
<month>1</month>
<year>2015</year>
</date>
<date date-type="accepted">
<day>17</day>
<month>4</month>
<year>2015</year>
</date>
</history>
<permissions>
<copyright-statement>Copyright: © 2015 The Journal of Indian Prosthodontic Society</copyright-statement>
<copyright-year>2015</copyright-year>
<license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0">
<license-p>This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 License, which allows others to remix, tweak, and build upon the work non-commercially, as long as the author is credited and the new creations are licensed under the identical terms.</license-p>
</license>
</permissions>
<abstract>
<p>Surgical resection of lips is a relatively rare procedure. A defective lip may cause the patient to feel socially vulnerable as well as functionally handicapped and the defect will influence the patient's self-esteem and body image. Patients with labial defects also experience speech problems along with drying and crusting of the tissues in the area of defect. The lip and cheek provide a valve mechanism for speech. Rehabilitation of patients with this type of surgery creates numerous challenges for both the surgical and the maxillofacial prosthetic teams. The goals of prosthetic treatment include regaining favorable speech and restoration of esthetics. This case report presents a 65-year-old woman who was referred for restoration of her lost lip. This case paper describes a quick and simple method of positioning magnets with lip prosthesis attached to maxillary denture and thus esthetics and speech of the patient is restored. Use of retention magnets simplify the clinical and laboratory phase retains the denture and makes it stable and comfortable for the patient. The advent of magnets has enhanced the dental practitioner's capabilities with a remarkably improved potential for increasing prosthesis stability and preserving tissue.</p>
</abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd>Esthetics</kwd>
<kwd>lip prosthesis</kwd>
<kwd>magnet</kwd>
<kwd>maxillofacial prostheses</kwd>
<kwd>partial denture</kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front>
<body>
<sec sec-type="intro" id="sec1-1">
<title>INTRODUCTION</title>
<p>Restoration of a facial defect is a challenge for the maxillofacial prosthodontist and surgeon. The maxillary lip defects are reconstructed with the use of tissue from mandibular lip. The continuity of oral aperture is effectively restored, however because the net loss of soft tissue from maxillary lip is not replenished in such a procedure microstomia is inevitable. Such clinical situations introduced significant challenges for future dental treatment. The prosthodontist is limited by the materials used for fabrication of a facial prosthesis, movable tissue beds, unsuitability of anatomic undercuts, and patient acceptance toward the use of a prosthesis. The aim of a facial prosthesis is to fulfill the esthetic needs of the patient and to improve the patient's quality of life. It is important that the patient be informed regarding the esthetics outcome. The rehabilitation of maxillary lip defects is a significant challenge in terms of creating retention and preserving existing dentition in an environment of expanded functional stress. The advent of magnets has enhanced the dental practitioner's capabilities in this regard with a remarkably improved potential for increasing prosthesis stability and preserving tissue. Extra oral defects producing gross anatomical changes produces deformity and affects the body image of the individual.[
<xref rid="ref1" ref-type="bibr">1</xref>
] Creating facial prostheses to restore midfacial defects involves many challenges. Apart from making the patient socially vulnerable the lip defect prevents adequate speech and deglutition. The speech problems are mainly associated with bilabial and labiodental phonemes.[
<xref rid="ref2" ref-type="bibr">2</xref>
] With lack or compromised oral competency, leading to drying and crusting of the tissues in the area of the defect.[
<xref rid="ref3" ref-type="bibr">3</xref>
] The goals of prosthodontic treatment is to restore appearance and function.[
<xref rid="ref4" ref-type="bibr">4</xref>
]</p>
</sec>
<sec id="sec1-2">
<title>CASE REPORT</title>
<p>A 60-year-old female patient reported to the Department of Prosthodontics with the chief complaint to inability to chew food properly and adversely affected appearance. A thorough case history revealed that she underwent resection of a portion of upper lip in early childhood. On examination, the defect was in the center of the upper lip [
<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F1">Figure 1</xref>
] and the upper arch was partially edentulous with only posterior teeth remaining. The treatment plan was made to rehabilitate the patient with magnet retained lip prosthesis with maxillary removable partial denture. The ethical clearance was taken from ethics committee Mamata Dental College, Khammam, Telangana, India.</p>
<fig id="F1" position="float">
<label>Figure 1</label>
<caption>
<p>Patient with maxillary lip defect</p>
</caption>
<graphic xlink:href="JIPS-15-187-g001"></graphic>
</fig>
<p>Upper and lower preliminary impressions were made in irreversible hydrocolloid (Alginate, Tropicalgin, Zhermack, Rovigo, Italy) and casts poured with type III dental stone (Kalrock, Kalabhai, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India). Impression of the lower half of the face was made with alginate [
<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F2">Figure 2</xref>
] supported with plaster backing and the cast was poured with dental stone.</p>
<fig id="F2" position="float">
<label>Figure 2</label>
<caption>
<p>Impression of the lower half of the face</p>
</caption>
<graphic xlink:href="JIPS-15-187-g002"></graphic>
</fig>
<p>Special tray was fabricated with self-cure acrylic (DPI, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India) and final impression was made in elastomeric impression material (Reprosil, Dentsply, Caulk, Milford, DE, USA). The jaw relations were recorded in the usual manner and teeth arrangement was done. The wax pattern of the lip defect was sculpted and adapted on the cast [
<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F3">Figure 3a</xref>
]. During try in stage the removable partial denture [
<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F3">Figure 3b</xref>
] and preliminary wax sculpture [
<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F4">Figure 4a</xref>
] were evaluated on patient for esthetics and function. The margins and contours of the lip prosthesis were carved to blend with the adjacent structures. Sufficient lip support was obtained without violating the patient's neutral zone and lip competency. The shade matching was done.</p>
<fig id="F3" position="float">
<label>Figure 3</label>
<caption>
<p>(a) Sculpting of the wax pattern. (b) Interim prosthesis at tryin stage</p>
</caption>
<graphic xlink:href="JIPS-15-187-g003"></graphic>
</fig>
<fig id="F4" position="float">
<label>Figure 4</label>
<caption>
<p>(a) The waxed lip prosthesis at the tryin stage. (b) The processed lip prosthesis</p>
</caption>
<graphic xlink:href="JIPS-15-187-g004"></graphic>
</fig>
<p>The wax pattern was invested and dewaxing done. During packing the stains were mixed in the acrylic resin. The material to be packed in the supralabial region was stained to simulate the skin color and the material to be packed in the labial region was stained to simulate the lip color [
<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F4">Figure 4b</xref>
]. After curing and deflasking, the cured removable partial denture and lip prosthesis were retrieved. Trimming, finishing, and polishing procedures were performed. Two marks were made on the labial flange of the interim prosthesis and on the inner surface of the lip prosthesis to place the magnetic attachment. A pair of commercially available magnets (Magna fix, Dentsply, Milford, USA) was employed to retain the lip prosthesis with the intraoral removable partial denture. Air abrasion of magnet with alumina was done than primer 4-methacryloxyethyl trimellitic anhydride (4-META) (META Fast primer, Sun medical company, Moriyama, Japan) was applied to increase the bonding with autopolymerizing resin. Provision for placement of magnets in the flange of the final prosthesis and in the lip prosthesis was made and positioned with the help of autopolymerizing resin. Complete polymerization was ensured by placing in a pressure pot and finishing and polishing was then carried out. The attachment of lip prosthesis to the removable partial denture prosthesis was first checked outside the patient's mouth, then it was checked in the patient's mouth for comfort, function and esthetics [
<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F5">Figure 5</xref>
] and the patient was instructed about the maintenance of the prosthesis.</p>
<fig id="F5" position="float">
<label>Figure 5</label>
<caption>
<p>Insertion of Lip prosthesis retained with removable partial denture</p>
</caption>
<graphic xlink:href="JIPS-15-187-g005"></graphic>
</fig>
<p>At the recall appointment of the 1
<sup>st</sup>
, 3
<sup>rd</sup>
, and 6
<sup>th</sup>
month, it was observed that there was no deformation of the prosthesis’ margins related to the application of magnets and cleaning agents. With improved material strength, it was easier for the patient to wear or remove the prosthesis.</p>
</sec>
<sec sec-type="discussion" id="sec1-3">
<title>DISCUSSION</title>
<p>Creating prosthesis, having realistic skin surface and seamless visual integration with the surrounding tissues, requires both artistic and technical skill.[
<xref rid="ref5" ref-type="bibr">5</xref>
] Prosthesis is especially useful in case of lost body parts, as reconstructive surgery cannot fully restore aesthetics.[
<xref rid="ref6" ref-type="bibr">6</xref>
] Various materials such as wood, clay, leather, enameled porcelain, acrylic resin and silicone elastomers are used in the fabrication of extraoral prosthesis. Among these acrylic resin and silicone are the most commonly used materials for rehabilitation.[
<xref rid="ref7" ref-type="bibr">7</xref>
] Maxillofacial prostheses require frequent replacement because the elastomers and its coloring agents undergo changes.[
<xref rid="ref8" ref-type="bibr">8</xref>
] Acrylic resin can be easily characterized and presents great durability. Creating facial prostheses to restore midfacial defects involves many challenges, including the achievement of proper retention and marginal fit. Adhesives, mechanical devices, tissue undercuts, and implants all have been used to retain facial prostheses.[
<xref rid="ref1" ref-type="bibr">1</xref>
<xref rid="ref2" ref-type="bibr">2</xref>
<xref rid="ref9" ref-type="bibr">9</xref>
] Soft tissues around midfacial defects may not be ideal for adhesive retention.[
<xref rid="ref1" ref-type="bibr">1</xref>
] Movement and range of motion of tissues adjacent to the defect inhibits the marginal adaptation of the prosthesis.[
<xref rid="ref10" ref-type="bibr">10</xref>
] If surgeons prepare the residual soft tissues to create it might provide retention to prosthesis.[
<xref rid="ref11" ref-type="bibr">11</xref>
] Undercuts often provide insufficient retention, however, and they may cause soft tissue irritation. Maxillofacial prostheses retained by osseointegrated implants are esthetic and functional.[
<xref rid="ref9" ref-type="bibr">9</xref>
] To gain a more stable and retentive prosthesis without the benefit of osseointegrated implants, the attachment of facial prostheses to maxillary obturators has been reported. However, the connection of facial and intraoral prostheses often results in movement of the facial prosthesis during mastication, especially when edentulous patients are treated with maxillary obturators.[
<xref rid="ref10" ref-type="bibr">10</xref>
]</p>
<p>Birnbach and Herman[
<xref rid="ref11" ref-type="bibr">11</xref>
] described the use of intraoral and extraoral devices to rehabilitate orofacial cancer patients. Cheng
<italic>et al</italic>
.[
<xref rid="ref2" ref-type="bibr">2</xref>
] restored a mandibular lip defect with retentive elements bonded to anterior mandibular teeth and an extraoral lower lip. Oki
<italic>et al</italic>
.[
<xref rid="ref3" ref-type="bibr">3</xref>
] described a case report, were mechanical retention was obtained through ball attachments fixed on the obturator prosthesis. Zeno
<italic>et al</italic>
.[
<xref rid="ref12" ref-type="bibr">12</xref>
] described combination lower lip prosthesis retained by two Micro-ERA attachments as an intraoral component. Retentive elements beyond what conventional adhesives offer often are required.[
<xref rid="ref1" ref-type="bibr">1</xref>
] For this reason the prosthesis given to patient describe in this case report was retained with mechanical retention through magnet.[
<xref rid="ref10" ref-type="bibr">10</xref>
] This prove to be successful as the prostheses could be easily inserted and removed, there was good retention, which gives a psychological advantage and confidence to patient to wear the prosthesis. Disadvantage of magnets are their detachability from the resin denture bases, so care was taken to overcome that by air abrasion of magnet with alumina and application of primer to increase the bonding with autopolymerizing resin.[
<xref rid="ref13" ref-type="bibr">13</xref>
]</p>
</sec>
<sec sec-type="conclusion" id="sec1-4">
<title>CONCLUSION</title>
<p>Use of retention magnets simplify the clinical and laboratory phase retains the denture and makes it stable and comfortable for the patient. This treatment is one successful approval to the restoration of oral function and increases the patients quality of life.</p>
</sec>
</body>
<back>
<fn-group>
<fn fn-type="supported-by">
<p>
<bold>Source of Support:</bold>
Nil</p>
</fn>
<fn fn-type="conflict">
<p>
<bold>Conflict of Interest:</bold>
None declared.</p>
</fn>
</fn-group>
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