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<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Denture care practice among patients attending the prosthetic clinic in a Nigerian teaching hospital</title><author><name sortKey="Ogunrinde, Tunde Joshua" sort="Ogunrinde, Tunde Joshua" uniqKey="Ogunrinde T" first="Tunde Joshua" last="Ogunrinde">Tunde Joshua Ogunrinde</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1">Department of Restorative Dentistry, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Opeodu, Olanrewaju Ige" sort="Opeodu, Olanrewaju Ige" uniqKey="Opeodu O" first="Olanrewaju Ige" last="Opeodu">Olanrewaju Ige Opeodu</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff2">Department of Periodontology and Community Dentistry, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria</nlm:aff></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno><idno type="pmid">26229229</idno><idno type="pmc">4518337</idno><idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4518337</idno><idno type="RBID">PMC:4518337</idno><idno type="doi">10.4103/0300-1652.160395</idno><date when="2015">2015</date><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Corpus">000400</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PMC">000400</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">Denture care practice among patients attending the prosthetic clinic in a Nigerian teaching hospital</title><author><name sortKey="Ogunrinde, Tunde Joshua" sort="Ogunrinde, Tunde Joshua" uniqKey="Ogunrinde T" first="Tunde Joshua" last="Ogunrinde">Tunde Joshua Ogunrinde</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1">Department of Restorative Dentistry, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Opeodu, Olanrewaju Ige" sort="Opeodu, Olanrewaju Ige" uniqKey="Opeodu O" first="Olanrewaju Ige" last="Opeodu">Olanrewaju Ige Opeodu</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff2">Department of Periodontology and Community Dentistry, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria</nlm:aff></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Nigerian Medical Journal : Journal of the Nigeria Medical Association</title><idno type="ISSN">0300-1652</idno><idno type="eISSN">2229-774X</idno><imprint><date when="2015">2015</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><sec id="st1"><title>Background:</title><p>Good denture care practice by individuals using Removable Partial Denture (RPD) is an important component of oral health measures. An assessment of denture care practice of such individuals by dental care practitioners is necessary.</p></sec><sec id="st2"><title>Objective:</title><p>To evaluate the denture care practice among prosthetics patients attending a tertiary Hospital Dental Centre in Nigeria.</p></sec><sec id="st3"><title>Materials and Methods:</title><p>An interviewer administered questionnaire was used to obtain information from RPD wearers that were willing to participate. The questionnaire assessed among other things, patients’ bio-data, frequency, techniques and device used for cleaning their dentures. Data was analyzed using Chi-square test (<italic>P</italic> < 0.05).</p></sec><sec id="st4"><title>Results:</title><p>One hundred and ninety eight denture wearers consisting of 100 (50.5%) males and 98 (49.5%) females participated in the study. Majority 110 (55.6%) cleaned their dentures once daily and toothbrush and pastes were used by 105 (53%) of the participants. More than 70% of the respondents removed their dentures at night. One hundred and sixty-six (83.8%) visited the dentist only when they needed treatment. There was a statistical significant relationship between frequency and technique of cleaning denture, and denture cleanliness (<italic>P</italic> < 0.05).</p></sec><sec id="st5"><title>Conclusion:</title><p>This study shows that once daily cleaning of dentures and cleaning the denture with rest of the teeth are ineffective in prevention of plaque accumulation.</p></sec></div></front><back><div1 type="bibliography"><listBibl><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Dosumu, Oo" uniqKey="Dosumu O">OO Dosumu</name></author><author><name sortKey="Denloye, Oo" uniqKey="Denloye O">OO Denloye</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Olusile, Ao" uniqKey="Olusile A">AO Olusile</name></author><author><name sortKey="Esan, Ta" uniqKey="Esan T">TA Esan</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Ogunrinde, Tj" uniqKey="Ogunrinde T">TJ Ogunrinde</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ajayi, Dm" uniqKey="Ajayi D">DM Ajayi</name></author><author><name sortKey="Dosumu, Oo" uniqKey="Dosumu O">OO Dosumu</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Tarbet, Wj" uniqKey="Tarbet W">WJ Tarbet</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Hoad Reddick, G" uniqKey="Hoad Reddick G">G Hoad-Reddick</name></author><author><name sortKey="Grant, Aa" uniqKey="Grant A">AA Grant</name></author><author><name sortKey="Griffit, Cs" uniqKey="Griffit C">CS Griffit</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Abelson, Dc" uniqKey="Abelson D">DC Abelson</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Jagger, Dc" uniqKey="Jagger D">DC Jagger</name></author><author><name sortKey="Harrison, A" uniqKey="Harrison A">A Harrison</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Marchini, L" uniqKey="Marchini L">L Marchini</name></author><author><name sortKey="Tamashiro, E" uniqKey="Tamashiro E">E Tamashiro</name></author><author><name sortKey="Nascimento, Df" uniqKey="Nascimento D">DF Nascimento</name></author><author><name sortKey="Cunha, Vp" uniqKey="Cunha V">VP Cunha</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="De Castellucci Barbosa, L" uniqKey="De Castellucci Barbosa L">L de Castellucci Barbosa</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ferreira, Mr" uniqKey="Ferreira M">MR Ferreira</name></author><author><name sortKey="De Carvalho Calabrich, Cf" uniqKey="De Carvalho Calabrich C">CF de Carvalho Calabrich</name></author><author><name sortKey="Viana, Ac" uniqKey="Viana A">AC Viana</name></author><author><name sortKey="De Lemos, Mc" uniqKey="De Lemos M">MC de Lemos</name></author><author><name sortKey="Lauria, Ra" uniqKey="Lauria R">RA Lauria</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Takamiya, As" uniqKey="Takamiya A">AS Takamiya</name></author><author><name sortKey="Monteiro, Dr" uniqKey="Monteiro D">DR Monteiro</name></author><author><name sortKey="Bara O, Va" uniqKey="Bara O V">VA Bara˜o</name></author><author><name sortKey="Pero, Ac" uniqKey="Pero A">AC Pero</name></author><author><name sortKey="Compagnoni, Ma" uniqKey="Compagnoni M">MA Compagnoni</name></author><author><name sortKey="Barbosa, Db" uniqKey="Barbosa D">DB Barbosa</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Budtz Jorgensen, E" uniqKey="Budtz Jorgensen E">E Budtz-Jorgensen</name></author><author><name sortKey="Mojon, P" uniqKey="Mojon P">P Mojon</name></author><author><name sortKey="Rentsch, A" uniqKey="Rentsch A">A Rentsch</name></author><author><name sortKey="Deslauriers, N" uniqKey="Deslauriers N">N Deslauriers</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Kulak Ozkan, Y" uniqKey="Kulak Ozkan Y">Y Kulak-Ozkan</name></author><author><name sortKey="Kazazoglu, E" uniqKey="Kazazoglu E">E Kazazoglu</name></author><author><name sortKey="Arikan, A" uniqKey="Arikan A">A Arikan</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Azodo, Cc" uniqKey="Azodo C">CC Azodo</name></author><author><name sortKey="Amanaghawon, Op" uniqKey="Amanaghawon O">OP Amanaghawon</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Paranhos, Hf" uniqKey="Paranhos H">HF Paranhos</name></author><author><name sortKey="Silva Lovato, Ch" uniqKey="Silva Lovato C">CH Silva- Lovato</name></author><author><name sortKey="Souza Rf Cruz, Pc" uniqKey="Souza Rf Cruz P">PC Souza RF Cruz</name></author><author><name sortKey="Freitas, Km" uniqKey="Freitas K">KM Freitas</name></author><author><name sortKey="Peracini, A" uniqKey="Peracini A">A Peracini</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Barnabe, W" uniqKey="Barnabe W">W Barnabé</name></author><author><name sortKey="De Mendonca Neto, T" uniqKey="De Mendonca Neto T">T de Mendonça Neto</name></author><author><name sortKey="Pimenta, Fc" uniqKey="Pimenta F">FC Pimenta</name></author><author><name sortKey="Pegoraro, Lf" uniqKey="Pegoraro L">LF Pegoraro</name></author><author><name sortKey="Scolaro, Jm" uniqKey="Scolaro J">JM Scolaro</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Tarbet, Wj" uniqKey="Tarbet W">WJ Tarbet</name></author><author><name sortKey="Axelrod, S" uniqKey="Axelrod S">S Axelrod</name></author><author><name sortKey="Minkoff, S" uniqKey="Minkoff S">S Minkoff</name></author><author><name sortKey="Fratarcangelo, Pa" uniqKey="Fratarcangelo P">PA Fratarcangelo</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Johnson, T" uniqKey="Johnson T">T Johnson</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Peracini, A" uniqKey="Peracini A">A Peracini</name></author><author><name sortKey="Andrade, Im" uniqKey="Andrade I">IM Andrade</name></author><author><name sortKey="Paranhos, Hf" uniqKey="Paranhos H">HF Paranhos</name></author><author><name sortKey="Silva, Ch" uniqKey="Silva C">CH Silva</name></author><author><name sortKey="De Souza, Rf" uniqKey="De Souza R">RF de Souza</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Fenlon, Mk" uniqKey="Fenlon M">MK Fenlon</name></author><author><name sortKey="Sherriff, M" uniqKey="Sherriff M">M Sherriff</name></author><author><name sortKey="Walter, Jd" uniqKey="Walter J">JD Walter</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Markovic, D" uniqKey="Markovic D">D Markovic</name></author><author><name sortKey="Puskar, T" uniqKey="Puskar T">T Puskar</name></author><author><name sortKey="Tesic, D" uniqKey="Tesic D">D Tesic</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Garg, Rk" uniqKey="Garg R">RK Garg</name></author></analytic></biblStruct></listBibl></div1></back></TEI><pmc article-type="research-article"><pmc-dir>properties open_access</pmc-dir>
<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Niger Med J</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">Niger Med J</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">NMJ</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title>Nigerian Medical Journal : Journal of the Nigeria Medical Association</journal-title></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0300-1652</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2229-774X</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Medknow Publications & Media Pvt Ltd</publisher-name><publisher-loc>India</publisher-loc></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">26229229</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="pmc">4518337</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">NMJ-56-199</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.4103/0300-1652.160395</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Original Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Denture care practice among patients attending the prosthetic clinic in a Nigerian teaching hospital</article-title></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Ogunrinde</surname><given-names>Tunde Joshua</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"></xref><xref ref-type="corresp" rid="cor1"></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Opeodu</surname><given-names>Olanrewaju Ige</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">1</xref></contrib></contrib-group><aff id="aff1">Department of Restorative Dentistry, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria</aff><aff id="aff2"><label>1</label>Department of Periodontology and Community Dentistry, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria</aff><author-notes><corresp id="cor1"><bold>Address for correspondence:</bold> Dr. Tunde Joshua Ogunrinde, Department of Restorative Dentistry, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria. E-mail: <email xlink:href="tunde_ogunrinde2001@yahoo.com">tunde_ogunrinde2001@yahoo.com</email></corresp></author-notes><pub-date pub-type="ppub"><season>May-Jun</season><year>2015</year></pub-date><volume>56</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>199</fpage><lpage>203</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright: © Nigerian Medical Journal</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2015</copyright-year><license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0"><license-p>This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 3.0 Unported, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.</license-p></license></permissions><abstract><sec id="st1"><title>Background:</title><p>Good denture care practice by individuals using Removable Partial Denture (RPD) is an important component of oral health measures. An assessment of denture care practice of such individuals by dental care practitioners is necessary.</p></sec><sec id="st2"><title>Objective:</title><p>To evaluate the denture care practice among prosthetics patients attending a tertiary Hospital Dental Centre in Nigeria.</p></sec><sec id="st3"><title>Materials and Methods:</title><p>An interviewer administered questionnaire was used to obtain information from RPD wearers that were willing to participate. The questionnaire assessed among other things, patients’ bio-data, frequency, techniques and device used for cleaning their dentures. Data was analyzed using Chi-square test (<italic>P</italic> < 0.05).</p></sec><sec id="st4"><title>Results:</title><p>One hundred and ninety eight denture wearers consisting of 100 (50.5%) males and 98 (49.5%) females participated in the study. Majority 110 (55.6%) cleaned their dentures once daily and toothbrush and pastes were used by 105 (53%) of the participants. More than 70% of the respondents removed their dentures at night. One hundred and sixty-six (83.8%) visited the dentist only when they needed treatment. There was a statistical significant relationship between frequency and technique of cleaning denture, and denture cleanliness (<italic>P</italic> < 0.05).</p></sec><sec id="st5"><title>Conclusion:</title><p>This study shows that once daily cleaning of dentures and cleaning the denture with rest of the teeth are ineffective in prevention of plaque accumulation.</p></sec></abstract><kwd-group><kwd>Denture care</kwd><kwd>denture hygiene</kwd><kwd>Nigeria</kwd><kwd>practice</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><body><sec sec-type="intro" id="sec1-1"><title>INTRODUCTION</title><p>The goal of conservative Dentistry is to preserve natural teeth as much as possible and this is achieved by various procedures such as amalgam filling, composite restoration, root canal therapy (RCT) and periodontal treatment. Despite several efforts by dentists aimed at conservation of teeth, a considerable number of patients still lose their teeth to caries, periodontal diseases, tooth wear lesions, trauma and tumours of the jaws.<xref rid="ref1" ref-type="bibr">1</xref> Therefore many patients still require teeth replacement services for their missing teeth. The most common teeth replacement service in Nigeria is removable partial denture (RPD)<xref rid="ref2" ref-type="bibr">2</xref><xref rid="ref3" ref-type="bibr">3</xref> and it requires appropriate denture hygiene practice as an important component. Failure to comply with healthy denture hygiene practice can lead to formation of plaque on dentures which provide a thriving environment for pathogenic organisms. These organisms cause damage to oral tissue directly or indirectly through metabolic by-products and exotoxins in the deposits.<xref rid="ref4" ref-type="bibr">4</xref><xref rid="ref5" ref-type="bibr">5</xref> Denture plaques can also become calcified if not removed thoroughly and regularly to form calculus which can readily be stained by tobacco, tea, coffee and certain medications.<xref rid="ref6" ref-type="bibr">6</xref> This causes aesthetic compromise and offensive odour from the denture.<xref rid="ref6" ref-type="bibr">6</xref></p><p>To ensure dentures free of plaque and calculus, patients are usually instructed on denture hygiene practice during insertion of new dentures and this is often reinforced during other denture maintenance appointments. Major approaches that are recommended for the removal of debris from dentures include mechanical, chemicals, or a combination of these methods. Mechanical method involves the use of denture brush, toothbrush or shoe-brush with soft or toilet soap for the cleaning of the denture at least twice daily. Patients are advised to perform this sort of cleaning over a bowl of water to prevent fracture of a dropped denture.<xref rid="ref7" ref-type="bibr">7</xref></p><p>Studies among complete denture wearers showed that most denture wearers have poor denture cleaning habits and poor oral hygiene.<xref rid="ref8" ref-type="bibr">8</xref><xref rid="ref9" ref-type="bibr">9</xref> Takamiya <italic>et al</italic>., reported that once daily brushing and use of toothbrush and paste was the most common method for denture hygiene. This, the authors observed was ineffective as majority of the subjects in their study had poor oral and denture hygiene.<xref rid="ref10" ref-type="bibr">10</xref></p><p>Another important aspect of denture care is avoidance of wearing dentures at night. Several studies on overnight wearing habit of denture wearers show contrasting results.<xref rid="ref8" ref-type="bibr">8</xref><xref rid="ref9" ref-type="bibr">9</xref><xref rid="ref10" ref-type="bibr">10</xref> Marchini <italic>et al</italic>.,<xref rid="ref8" ref-type="bibr">8</xref> and Barbosa <italic>et al</italic>.,<xref rid="ref9" ref-type="bibr">9</xref> observed that most of their subjects sleep with prostheses in their mouth while Takamiya <italic>et al</italic>.,<xref rid="ref10" ref-type="bibr">10</xref> reported that more than half (55%) of their patients removed their dentures at night.</p><p>Denture wearers are also expected to keep a regular appointment with their dentist for adjustment and replacement of unfit dentures.<xref rid="ref8" ref-type="bibr">8</xref> This is to prevent damage to oral tissue by ill-fitting denture.</p><p>Despite the fact that removable partial denture is the most common method of replacing missing teeth in Nigeria, there appears to be limited literature on denture care practice by denture wearers. The aim of this study was to evaluate the cleaning, overnight wearing and dental visit habits amongst prosthetic patients attending a teaching hospital dental centre in Nigeria.</p></sec><sec sec-type="materials|methods" id="sec1-2"><title>MATERIALS AND METHODS</title><p>The study was a cross-sectional study in which consecutive denture wearers that presented at the prosthetic clinic of a Nigerian teaching Hospital during a study period of 18 months were recruited. Inclusion criteria included patients that had been using denture for at least 6 months, willing to participate and in good physical and mental condition. An interviewer administered questionnaire developed by the investigators was used to assess the knowledge and attitude of denture wearers toward denture hygiene. The questionnaire was pretested among 10 denture wearers that were not part of the study. The questionnaire assessed patients’ demographic data, the methods, techniques and device used for cleaning the denture. It also assessed how the dentures were kept when not in the mouth and whether the patients sleep with the denture at night or not. The dentures were examined for plaque accumulation, and according to the quantity of plaque on the denture base, patients were divided into three groups by using Budtz-Jorgensen's index of denture cleanliness.<xref rid="ref11" ref-type="bibr">11</xref> Dentures cleanliness was scored good when none or only few spots of plaque were present, fair when more extended plaque less than half of the denture base was covered by plaque and poor when more than half of the denture base was covered by plaque.</p><p>Ethical clearance was obtained from University of Ibadan/University College Hospital Ethical review Committee. Consent was obtained from each patient and confidentiality was maintained by asking the participant not to write their names in the questionnaire. Data collected was imputed into a personal computer and analyzed using SPSS version 16. Chi-square was used to test association between categorical variables. The level of significance was set at <italic>P</italic> < 0.05.</p></sec><sec sec-type="results" id="sec1-3"><title>RESULTS</title><p>There were 100 (50.5%) male and 98 (49.5%) female participants. Their age range was 15–90 years with a mean of 52.58 years (17.84 S.D), and majority 77, (38.9%) were middle age (40–60 years old).</p><p>Seventy four (37.4%) of the respondents had used their dentures for between 1–5 years while 18 (9.1%) had used their denture for more than twenty years. One hundred and twenty four respondents (63.4%) had used one or more dentures before while 74 (37.4%) had their current dentures as the first denture. Almost 90% of the respondents claimed to have been previously instructed on denture care [<xref ref-type="table" rid="T1">Table 1</xref>].</p><table-wrap id="T1" position="float"><label>Table 1</label><caption><p>Distribution of respondents according to past denture experience</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="NMJ-56-199-g001"></graphic></table-wrap><p><xref ref-type="table" rid="T2">Table 2</xref> shows that majority 110 (55.6) of the respondents cleaned their denture once daily while 3 (1.5%) do not clean their denture every day. The commonest method of cleaning denture was the use of toothbrush 105 (53%) and paste, followed by toothbrush and soap 75 (37.9%). One hundred and eighty one (91.4%) of the patients removed their dentures from their mouth to clean; however, less than 40% cleaned it over a bowl of water.</p><table-wrap id="T2" position="float"><label>Table 2</label><caption><p>Distribution of Patients according to frequency, methods and techniques of cleaning denture</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="NMJ-56-199-g002"></graphic></table-wrap><p>More than 70% of the respondents removed their denture at night before going to bed. Majority, 103 (52%) removed it every night, 16.2% sometimes removed it while 40 (20.2%) never removed their denture at night. Majority of the respondent, 133 (67.2%) usually keep their denture inside a container with water anytime it is not in the mouth, while 39 (19.7%) usually keep it in a container without water [<xref ref-type="table" rid="T3">Table 3</xref>].</p><table-wrap id="T3" position="float"><label>Table 3</label><caption><p>Distribution of patients’ habit of keeping denture at night</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="NMJ-56-199-g003"></graphic></table-wrap><p><xref ref-type="table" rid="T4">Table 4</xref> reveals that 12 (6.1%) patients visited dentists every 6 months, 20 (10.1%) annually, while majority 166 (83.8%) visited dentists when they needed treatments. Ninety eight (49.5%) were in the clinic to get a new denture while 76 (38.4%) came for adjustment of their dentures.</p><table-wrap id="T4" position="float"><label>Table 4</label><caption><p>Frequency distribution of dental visits and reasons for visit by respondents</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="NMJ-56-199-g004"></graphic></table-wrap><p>Majority of the respondents 156 (78.7%) had good denture cleanliness, 31 (15.7%) fair and 11 (5.6%) had poor denture cleanliness.</p><p>Chi- square test reveals no statistical significant relationship between overnight wearing or method of cleaning denture and denture cleanliness (<italic>P</italic> > 0.05). However there was a statistical significant relationship between frequency or technique of cleaning denture and denture cleanliness (<italic>P</italic> < 0.05) [<xref ref-type="table" rid="T5">Table 5</xref>].</p><table-wrap id="T5" position="float"><label>Table 5</label><caption><p>Relationship between denture cleaning technique, overnight wearing and denture cleanliness</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="NMJ-56-199-g005"></graphic></table-wrap></sec><sec sec-type="discussion" id="sec1-4"><title>DISCUSSION</title><p>Appropriate denture care practice is important among RPD wearers to prevent the negative impact of poorly kept denture on oral health. Our study shows that majority (90.9%) of the respondents adopted the mechanical method of toothbrush and paste or soap for the cleaning of their dentures in keeping with report of study by Marchini <italic>et al</italic>.,<xref rid="ref8" ref-type="bibr">8</xref> Kular Ozkan <italic>et al</italic>.,<xref rid="ref12" ref-type="bibr">12</xref> and Takamaiya <italic>et al</italic>.,<xref rid="ref10" ref-type="bibr">10</xref> where majority: 98.7%, 57.1%, 46% respectively used mechanical method to achieve denture hygiene. The reason for the common use of mechanical method could be attributed to the fact that many people employed toothbrush and paste for dental hygiene<xref rid="ref13" ref-type="bibr">13</xref> and could easily adopt this for care of their dentures as they transit from dentate to edentulous state. Although combination of mechanical and chemical cleaning techniques has been reported as the best method to achieve denture cleanliness<xref rid="ref14" ref-type="bibr">14</xref><xref rid="ref15" ref-type="bibr">15</xref> mechanical method was found to be more effective than chemical method.<xref rid="ref16" ref-type="bibr">16</xref> On frequency of cleaning denture, 43% of the respondents clean their denture twice or more daily. This is similar to the finding of Kular-Ozkan <italic>et al</italic>.,<xref rid="ref12" ref-type="bibr">12</xref> who reported that 45.7% of denture wearers clean their denture more than once daily. This may also be attributed to habit of cleaning teeth once daily by people in our environment.<xref rid="ref13" ref-type="bibr">13</xref></p><p>In this study, more than 70% of removable partial denture wearers removed their denture at night before going to bed. This is similar to Johnson<xref rid="ref17" ref-type="bibr">17</xref> finding in which only 9.2% slept with their denture at night, but contrary to report by Barbosa <italic>et al</italic>.,<xref rid="ref9" ref-type="bibr">9</xref> and Peracini <italic>et al</italic>.,<xref rid="ref18" ref-type="bibr">18</xref> in which 64% and 58% respectively slept with their dentures. The disparity in the findings could be attributed to difference in level of importance attached to oral hygiene instructions by the dentists or the denture wearers. In this study about 90% of the respondents attested to having been given oral hygiene instructions while Peracini <italic>et al</italic>.,<xref rid="ref18" ref-type="bibr">18</xref> reported that 58% of his subjects claimed to have been given oral hygiene instructions.</p><p>Regular visit to dentist is an important component of successive denture treatment; this study shows inappropriate practice of routine visit to the dentist by the respondents. Very few patients reported visiting dentist every six month, while majority of the respondent visited dentists when they needed treatment. This is similar to Machini <italic>et al</italic>.,<xref rid="ref8" ref-type="bibr">8</xref> finding that many denture wearers do not comply with periodic dental visit. The reason for the poor clinic attendance for routine checkup can be the relatively high cost of dental services.<xref rid="ref8" ref-type="bibr">8</xref></p><p>Although the patients evaluated in this study have been using their denture for average period of 6.14 years, majority had good denture cleanliness. This is contrary to report by previous studies<xref rid="ref8" ref-type="bibr">8</xref><xref rid="ref19" ref-type="bibr">19</xref><xref rid="ref20" ref-type="bibr">20</xref> in which majority of their subjects’ dentures were poorly kept. The difference in findings could be as a result of different in the groups studied. Majority of their subjects were elderly and were using complete denture while this study assessed partial denture wearers with predominant middle age participants that are more likely to have better dexterity needed for cleaning dentures.</p><p>This result surprisingly did not support a relationship between overnight wearing of denture and denture cleanliness contrary to previous report that wearing complete dentures at night was associated with the prevalence of denture-related stomatitis.<xref rid="ref19" ref-type="bibr">19</xref><xref rid="ref20" ref-type="bibr">20</xref><xref rid="ref21" ref-type="bibr">21</xref> However, there was a statistically significant relationship between cleaning the denture with the rest of the teeth and denture cleanliness. Cleaning the denture with rest of the teeth will deny the cleaning agent (toothbrush and soap) access to the fitting surface and periphery of the denture. This will enhance plaque accumulation. Also there was a significant relationship between frequency of cleaning denture and denture hygiene. This supports the study by Takamaiya <italic>et al</italic>.,<xref rid="ref10" ref-type="bibr">10</xref> in which majority of their subjects clean their denture once daily and showed poor denture hygiene.</p></sec><sec sec-type="conclusions" id="sec1-5"><title>CONCLUSION</title><p>This study shows that once daily cleaning of dentures and cleaning with rest of teeth are ineffective in prevention of plaque accumulation. 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