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<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Correlation between arch form and facial form: A cross sectional study</title><author><name sortKey="Nayar, Sanjna" sort="Nayar, Sanjna" uniqKey="Nayar S" first="Sanjna" last="Nayar">Sanjna Nayar</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1">Department of Prosthodontics, Sree Balaji Dental College and Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Manzoor, Wasim" sort="Manzoor, Wasim" uniqKey="Manzoor W" first="Wasim" last="Manzoor">Wasim Manzoor</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1">Department of Prosthodontics, Sree Balaji Dental College and Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India</nlm:aff></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno><idno type="pmid">26015761</idno><idno type="pmc">4439721</idno><idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4439721</idno><idno type="RBID">PMC:4439721</idno><idno type="doi">10.4103/0975-7406.155816</idno><date when="2015">2015</date><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Corpus">000369</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PMC">000369</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">Correlation between arch form and facial form: A cross sectional study</title><author><name sortKey="Nayar, Sanjna" sort="Nayar, Sanjna" uniqKey="Nayar S" first="Sanjna" last="Nayar">Sanjna Nayar</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1">Department of Prosthodontics, Sree Balaji Dental College and Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Manzoor, Wasim" sort="Manzoor, Wasim" uniqKey="Manzoor W" first="Wasim" last="Manzoor">Wasim Manzoor</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1">Department of Prosthodontics, Sree Balaji Dental College and Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India</nlm:aff></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Journal of Pharmacy & Bioallied Sciences</title><idno type="ISSN">0976-4879</idno><idno type="eISSN">0975-7406</idno><imprint><date when="2015">2015</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p>Arch form is a key determinant in teeth position. Teeth selection and placement must be based on the functional and esthetic needs of the patient. Keeping in mind, the biomechanics involved with the prosthesis. The aim of the study was to evaluate the correlation between arch form and facial form. About 40 individuals in the age group of 20-25 years were involved in the study. The arch form and facial form were analyzed statistically to check for any correlation. It was found that, 63.63% of leptoprosophic individuals had squarish arch form while, 54.6% of mesoprosophic faces had ovoid arch form.</p></div></front><back><div1 type="bibliography"><listBibl><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Williams, Pl" uniqKey="Williams P">PL Williams</name></author><author><name sortKey="Bannister, Lh" uniqKey="Bannister L">LH Bannister</name></author><author><name sortKey="Berry, Mm" uniqKey="Berry M">MM Berry</name></author><author><name sortKey="Collins, P" uniqKey="Collins P">P Collins</name></author><author><name sortKey="Dyson, M" uniqKey="Dyson M">M Dyson</name></author><author><name sortKey="Dussek, Je" uniqKey="Dussek J">JE Dussek</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Umar, Ms" uniqKey="Umar M">MS Umar</name></author><author><name sortKey="Singh, R" uniqKey="Singh R">R Singh</name></author><author><name sortKey="Shugaba, Ai" uniqKey="Shugaba A">AI Shugaba</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Kageyama, T" uniqKey="Kageyama T">T Kageyama</name></author><author><name sortKey="Dominguez Rodriguez, Gc" uniqKey="Dominguez Rodriguez G">GC Domínguez-Rodríguez</name></author><author><name sortKey="Vigorito, Jw" uniqKey="Vigorito J">JW Vigorito</name></author><author><name sortKey="Deguchi, T" uniqKey="Deguchi T">T Deguchi</name></author></analytic></biblStruct></listBibl></div1></back></TEI><pmc article-type="research-article"><pmc-dir>properties open_access</pmc-dir>
<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">J Pharm Bioallied Sci</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">J Pharm Bioallied Sci</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">JPBS</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title>Journal of Pharmacy & Bioallied Sciences</journal-title></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0976-4879</issn><issn pub-type="epub">0975-7406</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Medknow Publications & Media Pvt Ltd</publisher-name><publisher-loc>India</publisher-loc></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">26015761</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="pmc">4439721</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">JPBS-7-85</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.4103/0975-7406.155816</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Dental Science - Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Correlation between arch form and facial form: A cross sectional study</article-title></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Nayar</surname><given-names>Sanjna</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"></xref><xref ref-type="corresp" rid="cor1"></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Aruna</surname><given-names></given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Santhosh</surname><given-names></given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Manzoor</surname><given-names>Wasim</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"></xref></contrib></contrib-group><aff id="aff1">Department of Prosthodontics, Sree Balaji Dental College and Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India</aff><author-notes><corresp id="cor1"><bold>Address for correspondence:</bold> Dr. Sanjna Nayar, E-mail: <email xlink:href="Sanjna101@yahoo.com">Sanjna101@yahoo.com</email></corresp></author-notes><pub-date pub-type="ppub"><month>4</month><year>2015</year></pub-date><volume>7</volume><issue>Suppl 1</issue><fpage>S85</fpage><lpage>S86</lpage><history><date date-type="received"><day>31</day><month>10</month><year>2014</year></date><date date-type="rev-recd"><day>31</day><month>10</month><year>2014</year></date><date date-type="accepted"><day>09</day><month>11</month><year>2014</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright: © Journal of Pharmacy and Bioallied Sciences</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2015</copyright-year><license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0"><license-p>This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 3.0 Unported, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.</license-p></license></permissions><abstract><p>Arch form is a key determinant in teeth position. Teeth selection and placement must be based on the functional and esthetic needs of the patient. Keeping in mind, the biomechanics involved with the prosthesis. The aim of the study was to evaluate the correlation between arch form and facial form. About 40 individuals in the age group of 20-25 years were involved in the study. The arch form and facial form were analyzed statistically to check for any correlation. It was found that, 63.63% of leptoprosophic individuals had squarish arch form while, 54.6% of mesoprosophic faces had ovoid arch form.</p></abstract><kwd-group><title>KEY WORDS</title><kwd>Arch form</kwd><kwd>facial form</kwd><kwd>leptoprosophic</kwd><kwd>mesoprosophic</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><body><p>Arch form refers to the overall configuration of the dental arch, and this takes into account the symmetry, roundness, elongation and convexity. The size and shape of the dental arches have a considerable effect on diagnosis and treatment planning, space availability, stability of prosthesis and esthetics. Facial form can be classified as leptoprosopic, euryprosopic and mesoprosopic depending on the facial indices.[<xref rid="ref1" ref-type="bibr">1</xref>] It is common to use facial measurements as a guide for selection of anterior teeth. The selection of maxillary anterior teeth must be in proportion with facial measurements to achieve good esthetics. The aim of this study is to determine the correlation between the facial form and arch form, which could be used as a guide in teeth selection.</p><sec disp-level="2" id="sec2-1"><title>Aim</title><p>The aim of this study was to determine the correlation between facial form and arch form in dentulous patients.</p></sec><sec sec-type="materials|methods" id="sec1-2"><title>Materials and Methods</title><p>A cross sectional study was conducted in the Department of Prosthodontics, Sree Balaji Dental College and Hospital, Chennai. Forty subjects in the age group of 20–25 years were involved in the study, and their informed consent was obtained. Inclusion criteria were involved presence of the full complement of teeth and subjects in the age group of 20–25 years. Exclusion criteria were the presence of craniofacial syndromes, previous dentoalveolar surgery, orthodontic treatment and dental anomalies.</p><p>To determine the facial form, the bizygomatic width was measured using a sliding caliper. The facial length was measured using sliding caliper from Nasion to Gnathion (N-Gn). Facial form was then obtained from the formulae,[<xref rid="ref2" ref-type="bibr">2</xref>]</p><p><inline-graphic xlink:href="JPBS-7-85-g001.jpg"></inline-graphic></p><p>Depending on the value, the facial form is divided into three categories (Banister's classification) as euryprosophic, mesoprosophic and leptoprosophic.</p><p>To determine the arch form, the distance between the intercanine line to incisal surface of maxillary central incisor was measured. The arch form was divided into three groups as squarish, ovoid and tapering [<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F1">Figure 1</xref>].</p><fig id="F1" position="float"><label>Figure 1</label><caption><p>Measuring arch dimension</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="JPBS-7-85-g002"></graphic></fig></sec><sec sec-type="results" id="sec1-3"><title>Results</title><p>Association of each archform tested with the respective class of occlusion using Pearson Chi-square test. The overall results showed a significant association with <italic>P</italic> = 0.749 depicting that there is a correlation between various arch forms and the facial form [<xref ref-type="table" rid="T1">Table 1</xref> and <xref ref-type="fig" rid="F2">Figure 2</xref>].</p><table-wrap id="T1" position="float"><label>Table 1</label><caption><p>Percentage of arch form and facial form</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="JPBS-7-85-g003"></graphic></table-wrap><fig id="F2" position="float"><label>Figure 2</label><caption><p>Bar graph depicting prevalence of arch form and facial form</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="JPBS-7-85-g004"></graphic></fig></sec><sec sec-type="discussion" id="sec1-4"><title>Discussion</title><p>The pattern of arch form in the overall sample and the individual face types were seen to find any possible associations of the arch forms with the craniofacial pattern. The anterior ratio characterizes the anterior curve of the arch. This part of the arch depends on the length and width of the incisivocanine arch.[<xref rid="ref3" ref-type="bibr">3</xref>] When the anterior ratio was considered in the whole sample, similar results for both the arches were seen in both the maxillary and mandibular arches.</p><p>In the upper arch, the predominant arch form in leptoprosophic faces was squarish arch (63.63%) whereas ovoid arches were predominant in mesoprosophic faces (54.6%).</p><p>In prosthetics, arch form plays a major role in teeth selection and arrangement. The recent trend in prosthetic is to replace the teeth by placing implants. Implant position and number are based on the biomechanics, which varies between arches.</p><p>In completely edentulous maxilla, the number of implants placed in premailla depends on the arch form and the facial cantilever. Squarish arch form has fewer cantilever forces anteriorly when compared to the tapering arches. Thus, tapering arches require additional implant in the premaxilla to counter act these harmful forces.</p><p>This study gives us an idea about the facial form in relation with the arch form and location of the implant with respect to the facial proportion and arch form.</p></sec></body><back><fn-group><fn fn-type="supported-by"><p><bold>Source of Support:</bold> Nil</p></fn><fn fn-type="conflict"><p><bold>Conflict of Interest:</bold> None declared.</p></fn></fn-group><ref-list><ref id="ref1"><label>1</label><element-citation publication-type="book"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Williams</surname><given-names>PL</given-names></name><name><surname>Bannister</surname><given-names>LH</given-names></name><name><surname>Berry</surname><given-names>MM</given-names></name><name><surname>Collins</surname><given-names>P</given-names></name><name><surname>Dyson</surname><given-names>M</given-names></name><name><surname>Dussek</surname><given-names>JE</given-names></name></person-group><article-title>Gray's Anatomy: The Anatomical Basis of Medicine and Surgery</article-title><year>2000</year><edition>38th ed</edition><publisher-loc>New York</publisher-loc><publisher-name>Churchill Livingstone</publisher-name></element-citation></ref><ref id="ref2"><label>2</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Umar</surname><given-names>MS</given-names></name><name><surname>Singh</surname><given-names>R</given-names></name><name><surname>Shugaba</surname><given-names>AI</given-names></name></person-group><article-title>Cephalometric indices among Nigerians</article-title><source>J Appl Sci</source><year>2006</year><volume>6</volume><fpage>939</fpage><lpage>42</lpage></element-citation></ref><ref id="ref3"><label>3</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Kageyama</surname><given-names>T</given-names></name><name><surname>Domínguez-Rodríguez</surname><given-names>GC</given-names></name><name><surname>Vigorito</surname><given-names>JW</given-names></name><name><surname>Deguchi</surname><given-names>T</given-names></name></person-group><article-title>A morphological study of the relationship between arch dimensions and craniofacial structures in adolescents with Class II Division 1 malocclusions and various facial types</article-title><source>Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop</source><year>2006</year><volume>129</volume><fpage>368</fpage><lpage>75</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">16527632</pub-id></element-citation></ref></ref-list></back></pmc></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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