Links to Exploration step
Le document en format XML
<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Preventing and Therapeutic Effect of Propolis in Radiotherapy Induced Mucositis of Head and Neck Cancers: A Triple-Blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial</title><author><name sortKey="Javadzadeh Bolouri, Abbas" sort="Javadzadeh Bolouri, Abbas" uniqKey="Javadzadeh Bolouri A" first="Abbas" last="Javadzadeh Bolouri">Abbas Javadzadeh Bolouri</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1">Department of Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, IR Iran</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pakfetrat, Atessa" sort="Pakfetrat, Atessa" uniqKey="Pakfetrat A" first="Atessa" last="Pakfetrat">Atessa Pakfetrat</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1">Department of Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, IR Iran</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tonkaboni, Arghavan" sort="Tonkaboni, Arghavan" uniqKey="Tonkaboni A" first="Arghavan" last="Tonkaboni">Arghavan Tonkaboni</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff2">Department of Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Aledavood, Seyed Amir" sort="Aledavood, Seyed Amir" uniqKey="Aledavood S" first="Seyed Amir" last="Aledavood">Seyed Amir Aledavood</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff3">Cancer Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, IR Iran</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Fathi Najafi, Mohsen" sort="Fathi Najafi, Mohsen" uniqKey="Fathi Najafi M" first="Mohsen" last="Fathi Najafi">Mohsen Fathi Najafi</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff4">Department of Veterinary Research and Biotechnology, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Mashhad, IR Iran</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Delavarian, Zahra" sort="Delavarian, Zahra" uniqKey="Delavarian Z" first="Zahra" last="Delavarian">Zahra Delavarian</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff5">Department of Oral Medicine, Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases Research Center, Faculty of Dentistry, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, IR Iran</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Shakeri, Mohammad Taghi" sort="Shakeri, Mohammad Taghi" uniqKey="Shakeri M" first="Mohammad Taghi" last="Shakeri">Mohammad Taghi Shakeri</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff6">Department of Community Med and Public Health, Ghaem Hospital, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, IR Iran</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mohtashami, Azade" sort="Mohtashami, Azade" uniqKey="Mohtashami A" first="Azade" last="Mohtashami">Azade Mohtashami</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff3">Cancer Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, IR Iran</nlm:aff></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno><idno type="pmid">26634113</idno><idno type="pmc">4667229</idno><idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4667229</idno><idno type="RBID">PMC:4667229</idno><idno type="doi">10.17795/ijcp-4019</idno><date when="2015">2015</date><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Corpus">000301</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PMC">000301</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">Preventing and Therapeutic Effect of Propolis in Radiotherapy Induced Mucositis of Head and Neck Cancers: A Triple-Blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial</title><author><name sortKey="Javadzadeh Bolouri, Abbas" sort="Javadzadeh Bolouri, Abbas" uniqKey="Javadzadeh Bolouri A" first="Abbas" last="Javadzadeh Bolouri">Abbas Javadzadeh Bolouri</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1">Department of Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, IR Iran</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pakfetrat, Atessa" sort="Pakfetrat, Atessa" uniqKey="Pakfetrat A" first="Atessa" last="Pakfetrat">Atessa Pakfetrat</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1">Department of Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, IR Iran</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tonkaboni, Arghavan" sort="Tonkaboni, Arghavan" uniqKey="Tonkaboni A" first="Arghavan" last="Tonkaboni">Arghavan Tonkaboni</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff2">Department of Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Aledavood, Seyed Amir" sort="Aledavood, Seyed Amir" uniqKey="Aledavood S" first="Seyed Amir" last="Aledavood">Seyed Amir Aledavood</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff3">Cancer Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, IR Iran</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Fathi Najafi, Mohsen" sort="Fathi Najafi, Mohsen" uniqKey="Fathi Najafi M" first="Mohsen" last="Fathi Najafi">Mohsen Fathi Najafi</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff4">Department of Veterinary Research and Biotechnology, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Mashhad, IR Iran</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Delavarian, Zahra" sort="Delavarian, Zahra" uniqKey="Delavarian Z" first="Zahra" last="Delavarian">Zahra Delavarian</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff5">Department of Oral Medicine, Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases Research Center, Faculty of Dentistry, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, IR Iran</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Shakeri, Mohammad Taghi" sort="Shakeri, Mohammad Taghi" uniqKey="Shakeri M" first="Mohammad Taghi" last="Shakeri">Mohammad Taghi Shakeri</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff6">Department of Community Med and Public Health, Ghaem Hospital, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, IR Iran</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mohtashami, Azade" sort="Mohtashami, Azade" uniqKey="Mohtashami A" first="Azade" last="Mohtashami">Azade Mohtashami</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff3">Cancer Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, IR Iran</nlm:aff></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Iranian Journal of Cancer Prevention</title><idno type="ISSN">2008-2398</idno><idno type="eISSN">2008-2401</idno><imprint><date when="2015">2015</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Background:</title><p>Mucositis is one of the acute complications of radiotherapy which can ulcerate oral mucosa and cause severe pain and discomfort which can affect oral normal function. Propolis is a natural source of flavenoid which has antiulcer, antibacterial, antifungal, healing and anti-inflammatory effects. Using such an affordable compound without any bad smell or taste that has reasonable price can help the radiotherapy undergoing patients.</p></sec><sec><title>Objectives:</title><p>Our goal is assessing the preventing and therapeutic effect of propolis in radiotherapy induced mucositis in patients with head and neck cancer.</p></sec><sec><title>Patients and Methods:</title><p>In a randomized triple blind clinical trial, 20 patient were selected randomly to swish and swallow 15 ml of water based extract of propolis mouth wash 3 times a day in the case group (n = 10) and 15 ml placebo mouth wash in control group (n = 10). we use NIC-CTC scale for determining mucositis grading.</p></sec><sec><title>Results:</title><p>We use T-test, Man-Whitney, Chi-square, and Friedman as analyzing tests. Case group had significantly (P < 0.05) lower grade of mucositis in all of the follow-ups, but xerostomia is not significantly different in two groups (P > 0.05).</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusions:</title><p>This is a pilot study which shows water based extract of propolis efficiently prevents and heals radiotherapy induced mucositis.</p></sec></div></front><back><div1 type="bibliography"><listBibl><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Little, Jw" uniqKey="Little J">JW Little</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Stewart, Bw" uniqKey="Stewart B">BW Stewart</name></author><author><name sortKey="Kleihues, P" uniqKey="Kleihues P">P Kleihues</name></author><author><name sortKey="International Agency For Research On Cancer" uniqKey="International Agency For Research On Cancer">International Agency for Research on Cancer</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Silveira, A" uniqKey="Silveira A">A Silveira</name></author><author><name sortKey="Goncalves, J" uniqKey="Goncalves J">J Gonçalves</name></author><author><name sortKey="Sequeira, T" uniqKey="Sequeira T">T Sequeira</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ribeiro, C" uniqKey="Ribeiro C">C Ribeiro</name></author><author><name sortKey="Lopes, C" uniqKey="Lopes C">C Lopes</name></author><author><name sortKey="Monteiro, E" uniqKey="Monteiro E">E Monteiro</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Petersen, Pe" uniqKey="Petersen P">PE Petersen</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Scully, C" uniqKey="Scully C">C Scully</name></author><author><name sortKey="Epstein, Jb" uniqKey="Epstein J">JB Epstein</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Vissink, A" uniqKey="Vissink A">A Vissink</name></author><author><name sortKey="Burlage, Fr" uniqKey="Burlage F">FR Burlage</name></author><author><name sortKey="Spijkervet, Fkl" uniqKey="Spijkervet F">FKL Spijkervet</name></author><author><name sortKey="Jansma, J" uniqKey="Jansma J">J Jansma</name></author><author><name sortKey="Coppes, Rp" uniqKey="Coppes R">RP Coppes</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Suemaru, K" uniqKey="Suemaru K">K Suemaru</name></author><author><name sortKey="Cui, R" uniqKey="Cui R">R Cui</name></author><author><name sortKey="Li, B" uniqKey="Li B">B Li</name></author><author><name sortKey="Watanabe, S" uniqKey="Watanabe S">S Watanabe</name></author><author><name sortKey="Okihara, K" uniqKey="Okihara K">K Okihara</name></author><author><name sortKey="Hashimoto, K" uniqKey="Hashimoto K">K Hashimoto</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Berger, Am" uniqKey="Berger A">AM Berger</name></author><author><name sortKey="Fall Dickson Jane, M" uniqKey="Fall Dickson Jane M">M Fall-Dickson Jane</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Burket, Lw" uniqKey="Burket L">LW Burket</name></author><author><name sortKey="Greenberg, Ms" uniqKey="Greenberg M">MS Greenberg</name></author><author><name sortKey="Glick, M" uniqKey="Glick M">M Glick</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ship, Ja" uniqKey="Ship J">JA Ship</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Vera Llonch, M" uniqKey="Vera Llonch M">M Vera-Llonch</name></author><author><name sortKey="Oster, G" uniqKey="Oster G">G Oster</name></author><author><name sortKey="Hagiwara, M" uniqKey="Hagiwara M">M Hagiwara</name></author><author><name sortKey="Sonis, S" uniqKey="Sonis S">S Sonis</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Hall, Ej" uniqKey="Hall E">EJ Hall</name></author><author><name sortKey="Giaccia, Aj" uniqKey="Giaccia A">AJ Giaccia</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Farrell, Cl" uniqKey="Farrell C">CL Farrell</name></author><author><name sortKey="Bready, Jv" uniqKey="Bready J">JV Bready</name></author><author><name sortKey="Rex, Kl" uniqKey="Rex K">KL Rex</name></author><author><name sortKey="Chen, Jn" uniqKey="Chen J">JN Chen</name></author><author><name sortKey="Dipalma, Cr" uniqKey="Dipalma C">CR DiPalma</name></author><author><name sortKey="Whitcomb, Kl" uniqKey="Whitcomb K">KL Whitcomb</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Khalil, Ml" uniqKey="Khalil M">ML Khalil</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Kukreja, B" uniqKey="Kukreja B">B Kukreja</name></author><author><name sortKey="Dodwad, V" uniqKey="Dodwad V">V Dodwad</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Scheller, S" uniqKey="Scheller S">S Scheller</name></author><author><name sortKey="Gazda, G" uniqKey="Gazda G">G Gazda</name></author><author><name sortKey="Krol, W" uniqKey="Krol W">W Krol</name></author><author><name sortKey="Czuba, Z" uniqKey="Czuba Z">Z Czuba</name></author><author><name sortKey="Zajusz, A" uniqKey="Zajusz A">A Zajusz</name></author><author><name sortKey="Gabrys, J" uniqKey="Gabrys J">J Gabrys</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Orsolic, N" uniqKey="Orsolic N">N Orsolic</name></author><author><name sortKey="Benkovic, V" uniqKey="Benkovic V">V Benkovic</name></author><author><name sortKey="Horvat Knezevic, A" uniqKey="Horvat Knezevic A">A Horvat-Knezevic</name></author><author><name sortKey="Kopjar, N" uniqKey="Kopjar N">N Kopjar</name></author><author><name sortKey="Kosalec, I" uniqKey="Kosalec I">I Kosalec</name></author><author><name sortKey="Bakmaz, M" uniqKey="Bakmaz M">M Bakmaz</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="You, Wc" uniqKey="You W">WC You</name></author><author><name sortKey="Hsieh, Cc" uniqKey="Hsieh C">CC Hsieh</name></author><author><name sortKey="Huang, Jt" uniqKey="Huang J">JT Huang</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Lee, Sh" uniqKey="Lee S">SH Lee</name></author><author><name sortKey="Kim, Th" uniqKey="Kim T">TH Kim</name></author><author><name sortKey="Kim, Jy" uniqKey="Kim J">JY Kim</name></author><author><name sortKey="Park, Sy" uniqKey="Park S">SY Park</name></author><author><name sortKey="Pyo, Hr" uniqKey="Pyo H">HR Pyo</name></author><author><name sortKey="Shin, Kh" uniqKey="Shin K">KH Shin</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Benderli Cihan, Y" uniqKey="Benderli Cihan Y">Y Benderli Cihan</name></author><author><name sortKey="Deniz, K" uniqKey="Deniz K">K Deniz</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Ghassemi, L" uniqKey="Ghassemi L">L Ghassemi</name></author><author><name sortKey="Zabihi, E" uniqKey="Zabihi E">E Zabihi</name></author><author><name sortKey="Mahdavi, R" uniqKey="Mahdavi R">R Mahdavi</name></author><author><name sortKey="Seyedmajidi, M" uniqKey="Seyedmajidi M">M Seyedmajidi</name></author><author><name sortKey="Akram, S" uniqKey="Akram S">S Akram</name></author><author><name sortKey="Motallebnejad, M" uniqKey="Motallebnejad M">M Motallebnejad</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Olaitan, Pb" uniqKey="Olaitan P">PB Olaitan</name></author><author><name sortKey="Adeleke, Oe" uniqKey="Adeleke O">OE Adeleke</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ola, Io" uniqKey="Ola I">IO Ola</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Benkovic, V" uniqKey="Benkovic V">V Benkovic</name></author><author><name sortKey="Orsolic, N" uniqKey="Orsolic N">N Orsolic</name></author><author><name sortKey="Knezevic, Ah" uniqKey="Knezevic A">AH Knezevic</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ramic, S" uniqKey="Ramic S">S Ramic</name></author><author><name sortKey="Dikic, D" uniqKey="Dikic D">D Dikic</name></author><author><name sortKey="Basic, I" uniqKey="Basic I">I Basic</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Benkovic, V" uniqKey="Benkovic V">V Benkovic</name></author><author><name sortKey="Knezevic, Ah" uniqKey="Knezevic A">AH Knezevic</name></author><author><name sortKey="Dikic, D" uniqKey="Dikic D">D Dikic</name></author><author><name sortKey="Lisicic, D" uniqKey="Lisicic D">D Lisicic</name></author><author><name sortKey="Orsolic, N" uniqKey="Orsolic N">N Orsolic</name></author><author><name sortKey="Basic, I" uniqKey="Basic I">I Basic</name></author></analytic></biblStruct></listBibl></div1></back></TEI><pmc article-type="research-article"><pmc-dir>properties open_access</pmc-dir>
<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Iran J Cancer Prev</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">Iran J Cancer Prev</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="doi">10.17795/ijcp</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title>Iranian Journal of Cancer Prevention</journal-title></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2008-2398</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2008-2401</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">26634113</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="pmc">4667229</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17795/ijcp-4019</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Preventing and Therapeutic Effect of Propolis in Radiotherapy Induced Mucositis of Head and Neck Cancers: A Triple-Blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial</article-title></title-group><contrib-group><contrib id="idp190976" contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Javadzadeh Bolouri</surname><given-names>Abbas</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">1</xref></contrib><contrib id="idp193856" contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Pakfetrat</surname><given-names>Atessa</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">1</xref></contrib><contrib id="idp194656" contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Tonkaboni</surname><given-names>Arghavan</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">2</xref><xref ref-type="corresp" rid="idp122080">*</xref></contrib><contrib id="idp195296" contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Aledavood</surname><given-names>Seyed Amir</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">3</xref></contrib><contrib id="idp195936" contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Fathi Najafi</surname><given-names>Mohsen</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4">4</xref></contrib><contrib id="idp196576" contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Delavarian</surname><given-names>Zahra</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5">5</xref></contrib><contrib id="idp197216" contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Shakeri</surname><given-names>Mohammad Taghi</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff6">6</xref></contrib><contrib id="idp197856" contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Mohtashami</surname><given-names>Azade</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">3</xref></contrib></contrib-group><aff id="aff1"><label>1</label>Department of Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, IR Iran</aff><aff id="aff2"><label>2</label>Department of Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran</aff><aff id="aff3"><label>3</label>Cancer Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, IR Iran</aff><aff id="aff4"><label>4</label>Department of Veterinary Research and Biotechnology, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Mashhad, IR Iran</aff><aff id="aff5"><label>5</label>Department of Oral Medicine, Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases Research Center, Faculty of Dentistry, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, IR Iran</aff><aff id="aff6"><label>6</label>Department of Community Med and Public Health, Ghaem Hospital, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, IR Iran</aff><author-notes><corresp id="idp122080"><label>*</label>Corresponding author: Arghavan Tonkaboni, Department of Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran. Tel: +98-9123802173; +98-2155851141, Fax: +98-2166525925, E-mail: <email>a.tonkaboni@yahoo.com</email></corresp></author-notes><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>27</day><month>10</month><year>2015</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="ppub"><month>10</month><year>2015</year></pub-date><volume>8</volume><issue>5</issue><elocation-id>e4019</elocation-id><history><date date-type="received"><day>07</day><month>9</month><year>2015</year></date><date date-type="accepted"><day>22</day><month>9</month><year>2015</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright © 2015, Iranian Journal of Cancer Prevention.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2015</copyright-year><license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/"><license-p><pmc-comment>CREATIVE COMMONS</pmc-comment>This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/">http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/</ext-link>) which permits copy and redistribute the material just in noncommercial usages, provided the original work is properly cited.</license-p></license></permissions><abstract><sec><title>Background:</title><p>Mucositis is one of the acute complications of radiotherapy which can ulcerate oral mucosa and cause severe pain and discomfort which can affect oral normal function. Propolis is a natural source of flavenoid which has antiulcer, antibacterial, antifungal, healing and anti-inflammatory effects. Using such an affordable compound without any bad smell or taste that has reasonable price can help the radiotherapy undergoing patients.</p></sec><sec><title>Objectives:</title><p>Our goal is assessing the preventing and therapeutic effect of propolis in radiotherapy induced mucositis in patients with head and neck cancer.</p></sec><sec><title>Patients and Methods:</title><p>In a randomized triple blind clinical trial, 20 patient were selected randomly to swish and swallow 15 ml of water based extract of propolis mouth wash 3 times a day in the case group (n = 10) and 15 ml placebo mouth wash in control group (n = 10). we use NIC-CTC scale for determining mucositis grading.</p></sec><sec><title>Results:</title><p>We use T-test, Man-Whitney, Chi-square, and Friedman as analyzing tests. Case group had significantly (P < 0.05) lower grade of mucositis in all of the follow-ups, but xerostomia is not significantly different in two groups (P > 0.05).</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusions:</title><p>This is a pilot study which shows water based extract of propolis efficiently prevents and heals radiotherapy induced mucositis.</p></sec></abstract><kwd-group kwd-group-type="author"><kwd>Cancer</kwd><kwd>Mouthwashes</kwd><kwd>Mucositis</kwd><kwd>Propolis</kwd><kwd>Radiotherapy</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><body><sec><title>1. Background</title><p>Malignancies are the second cause of death in developed countries, and among malignancies head and neck cancers are the six most prevalent neoplasms worldwide, with an estimated 900,000 new cases diagnosed annually. Oral squamous cell carcinoma is the most common cancer in oropharyngeal area (<xref rid="A4019REF1" ref-type="bibr">1</xref>-<xref rid="A4019REF4" ref-type="bibr">4</xref>).</p><p>Cancer treatments have been changed through the last 3 decades and include surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy. Oral complications are commonly experienced by patients undergoing cancer therapy (<xref rid="A4019REF5" ref-type="bibr">5</xref>). Radiotherapy complications are affected by radiation dose, fraction size, volume of irradiated tissue, type of ionizing irradiation and fraction scheme (<xref rid="A4019REF6" ref-type="bibr">6</xref>). Radiotherapy of oral cavity can induce mocusitis which is the most common acute complication (<xref rid="A4019REF7" ref-type="bibr">7</xref>). Ionizing rays can cause inflammation of oropharyngeal mucosa especially in the 2nd and 3rd weeks and leads to ulcers and erosions which are so painful and cause problems in eating; therefore, cancer treatment protocol might be postponed due to the patients’ malnutrition (<xref rid="A4019REF8" ref-type="bibr">8</xref>, <xref rid="A4019REF9" ref-type="bibr">9</xref>). Mocusitis will occure in all patients under radiotherapy (<xref rid="A4019REF10" ref-type="bibr">10</xref>). Age, gender, oral hygiene, radiation dose, smoking, systemic disease and radiotherapy techniques are risk factors (<xref rid="A4019REF10" ref-type="bibr">10</xref>). The first sign of mucositis is a white patch caused by interruption in desquamation, then mucosa with erythema is noted within 1 to 2 weeks, and throughout the course of therapy pseudomembrane formation represents ulceration which is accompanied by pain and soreness (<xref rid="A4019REF11" ref-type="bibr">11</xref>). Extraction of hopeless teeth, relining of dentures, and ameliorating of oral hygiene can decrease the severity of mocusitis. Although different therapy modalities such as amifostin, G-CSF, KGF, Mg milk, amphogel, kaopectate, benzydamine hcl, capcasin, sucralfate and low level laser are suggested by researchers. There is still no definite and standard way to treat or prevent this condition. Xerostomia as another radiation complication could deteriorate the condition.</p><p>Propolis is a resinous material which is made by honey bee. It can be red, brown or green depending on the plants of the area. It has a special scent which is due to fat and protein. The ingredients make propolis adhesive to skin (<xref rid="A4019REF12" ref-type="bibr">12</xref>). The most important part is polyphenols including galangin, luteolin, campferol, capheic acid phenyl ethyl ester (CAPE), quercetin, artipelin, vitamin, sequiterpene quinines, coumarins, amino acids, steroids and inorganic compounds and aminoacids (<xref rid="A4019REF12" ref-type="bibr">12</xref>, <xref rid="A4019REF13" ref-type="bibr">13</xref>). Propolis is used in homeopathic and herbal practice as an antiseptic, anti-inflammatory, antimycotic, and bacteriostatic agent (<xref rid="A4019REF14" ref-type="bibr">14</xref>). Animal studies suggested that polyphenolic compounds have antioxidant and a free radical scavenger effects and are responsible for protecting against radiation (<xref rid="A4019REF15" ref-type="bibr">15</xref>). When it is administered preventively, it has higher efficacy. The results suggest that propolis and related flavonoids given to mice before irradiation protected mice from lethal effects of whole-body irradiation and diminish primary DNA damage in their white blood cells as detected by the alkaline comet assay (<xref rid="A4019REF16" ref-type="bibr">16</xref>).</p></sec><sec><title>2. Objectives</title><p>Our goal is assessing the preventing and therapeutic effect of propolis in radiotherapy induced mucositis in patients with head and neck cancer.</p></sec><sec><title>3. Patients and Method</title><p>This triple blind placebo controlled randomized clinical trial was conducted in Omid hospital, cancer center, Mashhad university of medical sciences. </p><p>Patients were assessed according to the eligibility requirement. 20 patients involved with head and neck malignancies including 14 (70%) male and 6 (30%) female met the inclusion criteria and participate in the study and consecutively enrolled in this program (<xref ref-type="table" rid="A4019TBL1">Box 1</xref>).</p><table-wrap id="A4019TBL1" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Box 1.</label><caption><title>Inclusion and Exclusion Criteria</title></caption><table frame="hsides" rules="groups"><thead><tr><th style="text-align: left;" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Criteria</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>Inclusion Criteria</bold></td></tr><tr><td style="padding-left: 25pt;" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Age over 15 years old</td></tr><tr><td style="padding-left: 25pt;" rowspan="1" colspan="1">At least half of the mouth to be under radiation</td></tr><tr><td style="padding-left: 25pt;" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Radiotherapy was administered with dose of 50-70 cGy</td></tr><tr><td style="padding-left: 25pt;" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Involving with head and neck cancer and undergoing
radiotherapy</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>Exclusion Criteria</bold></td></tr><tr><td style="padding-left: 25pt;" rowspan="1" colspan="1">WBC < 3000 mm<sup>3</sup></td></tr><tr><td style="padding-left: 25pt;" rowspan="1" colspan="1">FBS > 150 mg/dL</td></tr><tr><td style="padding-left: 25pt;" rowspan="1" colspan="1">If they had other serious systemic disease</td></tr><tr><td style="padding-left: 25pt;" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Previously underwent radiotherapy, chemotherapy</td></tr><tr><td style="padding-left: 25pt;" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Obtaining grade 3 mocusitis accordingly</td></tr></tbody></table></table-wrap><p>The patients could deny or cut the protocol whenever they wanted. All patients were advised to avoid alcohol, spicy and scour foods, smoking, and to maintain good oral hygiene during the course of radiotherapy. Radiotherapy was administered using Cobalt 60 radiotherapy unit at a dose of 2 Gy per day, five times a week up to total dose of 50 to 70 Gy.</p><p>The two under study mouthwashes (propolis or placebo) were provided by SORENTEC company in 3% concentration and finally packaged in identical containers labeled as A and B. 20 patients fulfilling the inclusion criteria were divided into 2 groups by completely random method treated by propolis (group A) or placebo (group B). None of the patients nor researchers was aware of the medication inside. Only pharmacist knew and prepared the corresponding drug for every patient but had no contact with study participants.</p><p>Each patient received 2 bottles of mouth wash and a bottle of normal saline for oral rinsing before using the mouthwash. All the patients were instructed to rinse their mouths with 15 ml of placebo or propolis 3% and then to swallow 3 times a day for 5 weeks simultaneously with radiotherapy protocol from the first session.</p><p> Examinations of the oral mucosa were performed on all patients at the beginning of treatment and continued weekly up to the end of the study for 5 weeks.</p><p>The national institute of the cancer common toxicity criteria oral mucositis scale was used for grading mucositis and the xerostomia was assessed by 5 standardized questions, validated by other researchers (<xref rid="A4019REF17" ref-type="bibr">17</xref>, <xref rid="A4019REF18" ref-type="bibr">18</xref>).</p><p>All of the scores for mucositis and xerostomia were assessed and recorded at the beginning and weekly, for 5 weeks (the end of radiotherapy) by researcher who were blinded for medication.</p><p>The weight of patients was measured at the beginning and at the end of the treatment. If there was any adverse event, treatment was discontinued and the subject was referred for necessary care.</p><p>Statistical analysis was performed with SPSS 20. Data were analyzed using the independent sample t-test, Man Whitney and Friedman tests with P < 0.05 considered significant. </p><p>This project was approved by the Ethics committee of Mashhad university of medical science, Iran and all subjects signed informed consent.</p></sec><sec><title>4. Results</title><p>The 20 patients including 6 females (70%) and 14 males (30%) aged 15 to 87 years old (mean age of 53.2 years) were enrolled and completed the study.</p><p>There were no differences between 2 groups in age, gender, being edentulous, type of tumor radiation dose and weight. (P > 0.05) weight loss can be a good marker of their malnutrition status.</p><p>The mucositis score of NCI-CTC at the end of each week in the propolis group was significantly lower than placebo group (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="A4019FIG1">Figure 1</xref>).</p><fig id="A4019FIG1" fig-type="inline" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Figure 1.</label><caption><title>Severity of Mucositis in Each Follow-Up</title></caption><graphic xlink:href="ijcp-08-4019-i001"></graphic></fig><fig id="A4019FIG2" fig-type="inline" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Figure 2.</label><caption><title>Grading of Mucositis in This Study</title></caption><graphic xlink:href="ijcp-08-4019-i002"></graphic></fig><p>In propolis group 8 patients showed no evidence of mucositis during the radiotherapy course. (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="A4019FIG2">Figures 2</xref>-<xref ref-type="fig" rid="A4019FIG6">6</xref>).</p><fig id="A4019FIG3" fig-type="graph" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Figure 3.</label><caption><title>Case Group in Second Week</title></caption><graphic xlink:href="ijcp-08-4019-g001"></graphic></fig><fig id="A4019FIG4" fig-type="graph" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Figure 4.</label><caption><title>Control Group in Second Week</title></caption><graphic xlink:href="ijcp-08-4019-g002"></graphic></fig><fig id="A4019FIG5" fig-type="graph" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Figure 5.</label><caption><title>Case Group in 4th Week</title></caption><graphic xlink:href="ijcp-08-4019-g003"></graphic></fig><fig id="A4019FIG6" fig-type="graph" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Figure 6.</label><caption><title>Control Group in 4th Week</title></caption><graphic xlink:href="ijcp-08-4019-g004"></graphic></fig><p>The mean rank of NCI-CTC at the end of each week in two groups was estimated (<xref ref-type="table" rid="A4019TBL2">Table 1</xref>).</p><table-wrap id="A4019TBL2" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Table 1.</label><caption><title>Mean Rank and Number of Both Groups</title></caption><table frame="hsides" rules="groups"><thead><tr><th style="text-align: left;" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Group</th><th rowspan="1" colspan="1">Mean Rank</th><th rowspan="1" colspan="1">Number</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>Follow up 1</bold></td><td style="text-align: center;" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td style="text-align: center;" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td style="padding-left: 20pt;" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Case</td><td style="text-align: center;" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2.65</td><td style="text-align: center;" rowspan="1" colspan="1">10</td></tr><tr><td style="padding-left: 20pt;" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Control</td><td style="text-align: center;" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.30</td><td style="text-align: center;" rowspan="1" colspan="1">10</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>Follow up 2</bold></td><td style="text-align: center;" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td style="text-align: center;" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td style="padding-left: 20pt;" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Case</td><td style="text-align: center;" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3.15</td><td style="text-align: center;" rowspan="1" colspan="1">10</td></tr><tr><td style="padding-left: 20pt;" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Control</td><td style="text-align: center;" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2.35</td><td style="text-align: center;" rowspan="1" colspan="1">10</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>Follow up 3</bold></td><td style="text-align: center;" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td style="text-align: center;" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td style="padding-left: 20pt;" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Case</td><td style="text-align: center;" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3.15</td><td style="text-align: center;" rowspan="1" colspan="1">10</td></tr><tr><td style="padding-left: 20pt;" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Control</td><td style="text-align: center;" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3.45</td><td style="text-align: center;" rowspan="1" colspan="1">10</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>Follow up 4</bold></td><td style="text-align: center;" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td style="text-align: center;" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td style="padding-left: 20pt;" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Case</td><td style="text-align: center;" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3.15</td><td style="text-align: center;" rowspan="1" colspan="1">10</td></tr><tr><td style="padding-left: 20pt;" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Control</td><td style="text-align: center;" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3.90</td><td style="text-align: center;" rowspan="1" colspan="1">10</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>Follow up 5</bold></td><td style="text-align: center;" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td style="text-align: center;" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td style="padding-left: 20pt;" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Case</td><td style="text-align: center;" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2.90</td><td style="text-align: center;" rowspan="1" colspan="1">10</td></tr><tr><td style="padding-left: 20pt;" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Control</td><td style="text-align: center;" rowspan="1" colspan="1">4.00</td><td style="text-align: center;" rowspan="1" colspan="1">10</td></tr></tbody></table></table-wrap><p>Weight loss was measured in both groups. The mean weight loss in the case group was 200 g (9 patients showed no weight loss), while in the control group the mean weight loss was 3.4 kg, and the difference was significant (P = 0.029).</p></sec><sec><title>5. Discussion</title><p>Benderli Cihan and Deniz in 2011 reported propolis as an effective drug in reducing the severity of radiation induced oral mucositis in rats (<xref rid="A4019REF19" ref-type="bibr">19</xref>). Ghassemi and Zabihi also confirmed the effect of ethanolic extract of propolis on radiation induced mucositis in rats (<xref rid="A4019REF20" ref-type="bibr">20</xref>).</p><p>To authors’ knowledge, there is no available human study report about the effects of propolis on mucositis until this paper was published. This study showed encouraging results for the prevention and treatment of radiation induced mucositis.</p><p>The effective dose of propolis suggested in two mentioned animal study was 100 mg/kg/day (<xref rid="A4019REF19" ref-type="bibr">19</xref>, <xref rid="A4019REF20" ref-type="bibr">20</xref>). In this study we used polyphenol 1.4 mg/kg/day which is equal to 70 mg propolis per day. We provide mouth wash containing this exact daily dose in a swish and swallow way to benefit from both topical and systemic effects (<xref rid="A4019REF21" ref-type="bibr">21</xref>).</p><p>Propolis has a broad biological effect that help preventing and treating mucositis. It is antifungal, antibacterial and antiviral agent, besides healing, anti-ulceration, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant effects which are due to rich flavenoid agents in propolis (<xref rid="A4019REF19" ref-type="bibr">19</xref>). The most important effect of flavenoids is oxygen free radical scavenging and several studies have confirmed the role of deactivation of free radical (<xref rid="A4019REF21" ref-type="bibr">21</xref>).</p><p>Some researchers proved the hemathopoetic recovery effects of propolis derived compounds. The results of this research confirmed this hypothesis on preventing and therapeutic effects of oral mucositis, but the greatest limitation at this study was small sample size, and we assessed just one exact concentration in mouthwash (<xref rid="A4019REF22" ref-type="bibr">22</xref>).</p><p>While assessing the radioprotective effect of quercetin and the ethanolic extract of propolis, (EEP) Benković showed that the alkaline comet assay proved that both natural compounds, especially when given as pre-treatment, protect against primary leukocyte DNA damage in mice. In the tested concentrations, EEP and quercetin were not genotoxic to non-irradiated mice. AET, however, resulted in a slight, but not significant increase in DNA damage. Although the results of this study show the radioprotective potential of the test compounds, further investigation is needed to clarify the underlying protection mechanisms (<xref rid="A4019REF23" ref-type="bibr">23</xref>).</p><p>Propolis is a product with rich flavenoid that could be suggested as a preventing and economic treatment agent in the medical approach of radiation induced oral mucositis. Different ways and doses at propolis on larger size sample were suggested for future studies.</p><p>In conclusion this study suggests that propolis water based mouthwash is safe and effective in the prevention and treatment for radiotherapy induced mucositis. Doing more studies with wider scope of samples different consentration of propolis from all over the world is highly recommended.</p></sec></body><back><ack><p>This paper is extracted from a thesis by Dr Tonkaboni, and is supported by Research Deputy of Mashhad University of Medical Sciences. The authors would like to thank the vice chancellor for his assistance and the Research Committee for their support.</p></ack><fn-group><fn fn-type="other" id="afn2"><p><bold>Authors’ Contribution:</bold>Abbas Javadzadeh Bolouri, Atessa Pakfetrat and Arghavan Tonkaboni designed the study, Mohsen Fathi Najafi produced the mouthwashes with regard to the opinion of the group Arghavan Tonkaboni perform the study, wrote the paper and contributed to the data entry, literature review and writing-up process. Azade Mohtashami assist in performing and contributed to the study design and Mohammad Taghi Shakeri contributed to analysis. Seyed Amir Aledavood was the main consultant in selecting the patients. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.</p></fn><fn fn-type="conflict" id="afn1"><p><bold>Conflict of Interest:</bold>There is no conflict of interest in this article.</p></fn><fn fn-type="financial-disclosure" id="afn3"><p><bold>Fiinancial Disclosure:</bold>This study was supported by vice chancellor for research of Mashd university of medical sciences.</p></fn></fn-group><ref-list><ref id="A4019REF1"><label>1</label><element-citation publication-type="book"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Little</surname><given-names>JW</given-names></name></person-group><source>Dental management of the medically compromised patient.</source><year>1997</year><isbn>0815156340</isbn><publisher-name>Mosby</publisher-name></element-citation></ref><ref id="A4019REF2"><label>2</label><element-citation publication-type="book"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Stewart</surname><given-names>BW</given-names></name><name><surname>Kleihues</surname><given-names>P</given-names></name><name><surname>International Agency for Research on Cancer</surname></name></person-group><source>World cancer report.</source><year>2003</year><publisher-name>IARC press Lyon</publisher-name></element-citation></ref><ref id="A4019REF3"><label>3</label><element-citation publication-type="journal" publication-format="print"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Silveira</surname><given-names>A</given-names></name><name><surname>Gonçalves</surname><given-names>J</given-names></name><name><surname>Sequeira</surname><given-names>T</given-names></name><name><surname>Ribeiro</surname><given-names>C</given-names></name><name><surname>Lopes</surname><given-names>C</given-names></name><name><surname>Monteiro</surname><given-names>E</given-names></name><etal>et al.</etal></person-group><article-title>Oncologia de Cabeça e Pescoço: enquadramento epidemiológico e clínico na avaliação da Qualidade de Vida Relacionada com a Saúde.</article-title><source>Revista Brasileira de Epidemiologia.</source><year>2012</year><volume>15</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>38</fpage><lpage>48</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1590/s1415-790x2012000100004</pub-id><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">22450491</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="A4019REF4"><label>4</label><element-citation publication-type="journal" publication-format="print"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Petersen</surname><given-names>PE</given-names></name></person-group><article-title>The World Oral Health Report 2003: continuous improvement of oral health in the 21st century--the approach of the WHO Global Oral Health Programme.</article-title><source>Community Dent Oral Epidemiol.</source><year>2003</year><volume>31 Suppl 1</volume><fpage>3</fpage><lpage>23</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">15015736</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="A4019REF5"><label>5</label><element-citation publication-type="journal" publication-format="print"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Scully</surname><given-names>C</given-names></name><name><surname>Epstein</surname><given-names>JB</given-names></name></person-group><article-title>Oral health care for the cancer patient.</article-title><source>Eur J Cancer B Oral Oncol.</source><year>1996</year><volume>32B</volume><issue>5</issue><fpage>281</fpage><lpage>92</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">8944831</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="A4019REF6"><label>6</label><element-citation publication-type="journal" publication-format="print"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Vissink</surname><given-names>A</given-names></name><name><surname>Burlage</surname><given-names>FR</given-names></name><name><surname>Spijkervet</surname><given-names>FKL</given-names></name><name><surname>Jansma</surname><given-names>J</given-names></name><name><surname>Coppes</surname><given-names>RP</given-names></name></person-group><article-title>Prevention and Treatment of the Consequences of Head and Neck Radiotherapy.</article-title><source>Crit Rev Oral Biol Med.</source><year>2003</year><volume>14</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>213</fpage><lpage>25</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1177/154411130301400306</pub-id><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">12799324</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="A4019REF7"><label>7</label><element-citation publication-type="journal" publication-format="print"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Suemaru</surname><given-names>K</given-names></name><name><surname>Cui</surname><given-names>R</given-names></name><name><surname>Li</surname><given-names>B</given-names></name><name><surname>Watanabe</surname><given-names>S</given-names></name><name><surname>Okihara</surname><given-names>K</given-names></name><name><surname>Hashimoto</surname><given-names>K</given-names></name><etal>et al.</etal></person-group><article-title>Topical application of royal jelly has a healing effect for 5-fluorouracil-induced experimental oral mucositis in hamsters.</article-title><source>Methods Find Exp Clin Pharmacol.</source><year>2008</year><volume>30</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>103</fpage><lpage>6</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1358/mf.2008.30.2.1159655</pub-id><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">18560624</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="A4019REF8"><label>8</label><element-citation publication-type="book"><chapter-title>Oral complications.</chapter-title><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Berger</surname><given-names>AM</given-names></name><name><surname>Fall-Dickson Jane</surname><given-names>M</given-names></name></person-group><person-group person-group-type="editor"><name><surname>Vincent</surname><given-names>T</given-names></name></person-group><source>Devita: Principles and practice of oncology.</source><year>2005</year><fpage>2523</fpage><lpage>35</lpage><publisher-loc>Philadelphia</publisher-loc><publisher-name>Lippincott Williams & Wilkins</publisher-name></element-citation></ref><ref id="A4019REF9"><label>9</label><element-citation publication-type="book"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Burket</surname><given-names>LW</given-names></name><name><surname>Greenberg</surname><given-names>MS</given-names></name><name><surname>Glick</surname><given-names>M</given-names></name><name><surname>Ship</surname><given-names>JA</given-names></name></person-group><source>Burket's oral medicine.</source><year>2008</year><isbn>1550093452</isbn><publisher-name>PMPH-USA</publisher-name></element-citation></ref><ref id="A4019REF10"><label>10</label><element-citation publication-type="journal" publication-format="print"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Vera-Llonch</surname><given-names>M</given-names></name><name><surname>Oster</surname><given-names>G</given-names></name><name><surname>Hagiwara</surname><given-names>M</given-names></name><name><surname>Sonis</surname><given-names>S</given-names></name></person-group><article-title>Oral mucositis in patients undergoing radiation treatment for head and neck carcinoma.</article-title><source>Cancer.</source><year>2006</year><volume>106</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>329</fpage><lpage>36</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1002/cncr.21622</pub-id><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">16342066</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="A4019REF11"><label>11</label><element-citation publication-type="book"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Hall</surname><given-names>EJ</given-names></name><name><surname>Giaccia</surname><given-names>AJ</given-names></name></person-group><source>Radiobiology for the Radiologist.</source><year>2006</year><isbn>0781741513</isbn><publisher-name>Lippincott Williams & Wilkins</publisher-name></element-citation></ref><ref id="A4019REF12"><label>12</label><element-citation publication-type="journal" publication-format="print"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Farrell</surname><given-names>CL</given-names></name><name><surname>Bready</surname><given-names>JV</given-names></name><name><surname>Rex</surname><given-names>KL</given-names></name><name><surname>Chen</surname><given-names>JN</given-names></name><name><surname>DiPalma</surname><given-names>CR</given-names></name><name><surname>Whitcomb</surname><given-names>KL</given-names></name><etal>et al.</etal></person-group><article-title>Keratinocyte growth factor protects mice from chemotherapy and radiation-induced gastrointestinal injury and mortality.</article-title><source>Cancer Res.</source><year>1998</year><volume>58</volume><issue>5</issue><fpage>933</fpage><lpage>9</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">9500453</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="A4019REF13"><label>13</label><element-citation publication-type="journal" publication-format="print"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Khalil</surname><given-names>ML</given-names></name></person-group><article-title>Biological activity of bee propolis in health and disease.</article-title><source>Asian Pac J Cancer Prev.</source><year>2006</year><volume>7</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>22</fpage><lpage>31</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">16629510</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="A4019REF14"><label>14</label><element-citation publication-type="journal" publication-format="print"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Kukreja</surname><given-names>B</given-names></name><name><surname>Dodwad</surname><given-names>V</given-names></name></person-group><article-title>Propolis mouthwash: A new beginning.</article-title><source>J Indian Soc Periodontol.</source><year>2011</year><volume>15</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>121</fpage><pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.4103/0972-124x.84379</pub-id><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">21976834</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="A4019REF15"><label>15</label><element-citation publication-type="journal" publication-format="print"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Scheller</surname><given-names>S</given-names></name><name><surname>Gazda</surname><given-names>G</given-names></name><name><surname>Krol</surname><given-names>W</given-names></name><name><surname>Czuba</surname><given-names>Z</given-names></name><name><surname>Zajusz</surname><given-names>A</given-names></name><name><surname>Gabrys</surname><given-names>J</given-names></name><etal>et al.</etal></person-group><article-title>The ability of ethanolic extract of propolis (EEP) to protect mice against gamma irradiation.</article-title><source>Z Naturforsch C.</source><year>1989</year><volume>44</volume><issue>11-12</issue><fpage>1049</fpage><lpage>52</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">2698623</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="A4019REF16"><label>16</label><element-citation publication-type="journal" publication-format="print"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Orsolic</surname><given-names>N</given-names></name><name><surname>Benkovic</surname><given-names>V</given-names></name><name><surname>Horvat-Knezevic</surname><given-names>A</given-names></name><name><surname>Kopjar</surname><given-names>N</given-names></name><name><surname>Kosalec</surname><given-names>I</given-names></name><name><surname>Bakmaz</surname><given-names>M</given-names></name><etal>et al.</etal></person-group><article-title>Assessment by survival analysis of the radioprotective properties of propolis and its polyphenolic compounds.</article-title><source>Biol Pharm Bull.</source><year>2007</year><volume>30</volume><issue>5</issue><fpage>946</fpage><lpage>51</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">17473440</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="A4019REF17"><label>17</label><element-citation publication-type="journal" publication-format="print"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>You</surname><given-names>WC</given-names></name><name><surname>Hsieh</surname><given-names>CC</given-names></name><name><surname>Huang</surname><given-names>JT</given-names></name></person-group><article-title>Effect of Extracts from Indigowood Root (Isatis indigotica Fort.) on Immune Responses in Radiation-Induced Mucositis.</article-title><source>J Alternat Complement Med.</source><year>2009</year><volume>15</volume><issue>7</issue><fpage>771</fpage><lpage>8</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1089/acm.2008.0322</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="A4019REF18"><label>18</label><element-citation publication-type="journal" publication-format="print"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Lee</surname><given-names>SH</given-names></name><name><surname>Kim</surname><given-names>TH</given-names></name><name><surname>Kim</surname><given-names>JY</given-names></name><name><surname>Park</surname><given-names>SY</given-names></name><name><surname>Pyo</surname><given-names>HR</given-names></name><name><surname>Shin</surname><given-names>KH</given-names></name><etal>et al.</etal></person-group><article-title>Evaluation of parotid gland function following intensity modulated radiation therapy for head and neck cancer.</article-title><source>Cancer Res Treat.</source><year>2006</year><volume>38</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>84</fpage><lpage>91</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.4143/crt.2006.38.2.84</pub-id><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">19771265</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="A4019REF19"><label>19</label><element-citation publication-type="journal" publication-format="print"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Benderli Cihan</surname><given-names>Y</given-names></name><name><surname>Deniz</surname><given-names>K</given-names></name></person-group><article-title>[Effect of propolis against radiation-induced oral mucositis in rats].</article-title><source>Kulak Burun Bogaz Ihtis Derg.</source><year>2011</year><volume>21</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>32</fpage><lpage>41</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">21303315</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="A4019REF20"><label>20</label><element-citation publication-type="journal" publication-format="print"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Ghassemi</surname><given-names>L</given-names></name><name><surname>Zabihi</surname><given-names>E</given-names></name><name><surname>Mahdavi</surname><given-names>R</given-names></name><name><surname>Seyedmajidi</surname><given-names>M</given-names></name><name><surname>Akram</surname><given-names>S</given-names></name><name><surname>Motallebnejad</surname><given-names>M</given-names></name></person-group><article-title>The effect of ethanolic extract of propolis on radiation-induced mucositis in rats.</article-title><source>Saudi Med J.</source><year>2010</year><volume>31</volume><issue>6</issue><fpage>622</fpage><lpage>6</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">20563358</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="A4019REF21"><label>21</label><element-citation publication-type="journal" publication-format="print"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Olaitan</surname><given-names>PB</given-names></name><name><surname>Adeleke</surname><given-names>OE</given-names></name><name><surname>Ola</surname><given-names>IO</given-names></name></person-group><article-title>Honey: a reservoir for microorganisms and an inhibitory agent for microbes.</article-title><source>Afr Health Sci.</source><year>2007</year><volume>7</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>159</fpage><lpage>65</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.5555/afhs.2007.7.3.159</pub-id><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">18052870</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="A4019REF22"><label>22</label><element-citation publication-type="journal" publication-format="print"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Benkovic</surname><given-names>V</given-names></name><name><surname>Orsolic</surname><given-names>N</given-names></name><name><surname>Knezevic</surname><given-names>AH</given-names></name><name><surname>Ramic</surname><given-names>S</given-names></name><name><surname>Dikic</surname><given-names>D</given-names></name><name><surname>Basic</surname><given-names>I</given-names></name><etal>et al.</etal></person-group><article-title>Evaluation of the radioprotective effects of propolis and flavonoids in gamma-irradiated mice: the alkaline comet assay study.</article-title><source>Biol Pharm Bull.</source><year>2008</year><volume>31</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>167</fpage><lpage>72</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">18175964</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="A4019REF23"><label>23</label><element-citation publication-type="journal" publication-format="print"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Benkovic</surname><given-names>V</given-names></name><name><surname>Knezevic</surname><given-names>AH</given-names></name><name><surname>Dikic</surname><given-names>D</given-names></name><name><surname>Lisicic</surname><given-names>D</given-names></name><name><surname>Orsolic</surname><given-names>N</given-names></name><name><surname>Basic</surname><given-names>I</given-names></name><etal>et al.</etal></person-group><article-title>Radioprotective effects of quercetin and ethanolic extract of propolis in gamma-irradiated mice.</article-title><source>Arh Hig Rada Toksikol.</source><year>2009</year><volume>60</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>129</fpage><lpage>38</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.2478/10004-1254-60-2009-1908</pub-id><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">19581205</pub-id></element-citation></ref></ref-list></back></pmc></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
EXPLOR_STEP=$WICRI_ROOT/Wicri/Santé/explor/EdenteV2/Data/Pmc/Corpus
HfdSelect -h $EXPLOR_STEP/biblio.hfd -nk 000301 | SxmlIndent | more
Ou
HfdSelect -h $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/Pmc/Corpus/biblio.hfd -nk 000301 | SxmlIndent | more
Pour mettre un lien sur cette page dans le réseau Wicri
{{Explor lien
|wiki= Wicri/Santé
|area= EdenteV2
|flux= Pmc
|étape= Corpus
|type= RBID
|clé=
|texte=
}}
| This area was generated with Dilib version V0.6.32. |  |