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<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">A noble method of using intravenous infusion set as a stent in localized lower posterior vestibuloplasty: A technical note</title><author><name sortKey="Velavan, K" sort="Velavan, K" uniqKey="Velavan K" first="K." last="Velavan">K. Velavan</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1">Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Adhiparasakthi Dental College and Hospital, Melmaruvathur, Tamil Nadu, India</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kannan, V Sadesh" sort="Kannan, V Sadesh" uniqKey="Kannan V" first="V. Sadesh" last="Kannan">V. Sadesh Kannan</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1">Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Adhiparasakthi Dental College and Hospital, Melmaruvathur, Tamil Nadu, India</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ahamed, A Saneem" sort="Ahamed, A Saneem" uniqKey="Ahamed A" first="A. Saneem" last="Ahamed">A. Saneem Ahamed</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1">Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Adhiparasakthi Dental College and Hospital, Melmaruvathur, Tamil Nadu, India</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Abia, V Roshmi" sort="Abia, V Roshmi" uniqKey="Abia V" first="V. Roshmi" last="Abia">V. Roshmi Abia</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1">Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Adhiparasakthi Dental College and Hospital, Melmaruvathur, Tamil Nadu, India</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Elavarasi, E" sort="Elavarasi, E" uniqKey="Elavarasi E" first="E." last="Elavarasi">E. Elavarasi</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1">Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Adhiparasakthi Dental College and Hospital, Melmaruvathur, Tamil Nadu, India</nlm:aff></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno><idno type="pmid">26538976</idno><idno type="pmc">4606718</idno><idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4606718</idno><idno type="RBID">PMC:4606718</idno><idno type="doi">10.4103/0975-7406.163574</idno><date when="2015">2015</date><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Corpus">000183</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PMC">000183</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">A noble method of using intravenous infusion set as a stent in localized lower posterior vestibuloplasty: A technical note</title><author><name sortKey="Velavan, K" sort="Velavan, K" uniqKey="Velavan K" first="K." last="Velavan">K. Velavan</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1">Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Adhiparasakthi Dental College and Hospital, Melmaruvathur, Tamil Nadu, India</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kannan, V Sadesh" sort="Kannan, V Sadesh" uniqKey="Kannan V" first="V. Sadesh" last="Kannan">V. Sadesh Kannan</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1">Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Adhiparasakthi Dental College and Hospital, Melmaruvathur, Tamil Nadu, India</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ahamed, A Saneem" sort="Ahamed, A Saneem" uniqKey="Ahamed A" first="A. Saneem" last="Ahamed">A. Saneem Ahamed</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1">Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Adhiparasakthi Dental College and Hospital, Melmaruvathur, Tamil Nadu, India</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Abia, V Roshmi" sort="Abia, V Roshmi" uniqKey="Abia V" first="V. Roshmi" last="Abia">V. Roshmi Abia</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1">Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Adhiparasakthi Dental College and Hospital, Melmaruvathur, Tamil Nadu, India</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Elavarasi, E" sort="Elavarasi, E" uniqKey="Elavarasi E" first="E." last="Elavarasi">E. Elavarasi</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1">Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Adhiparasakthi Dental College and Hospital, Melmaruvathur, Tamil Nadu, India</nlm:aff></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Journal of Pharmacy & Bioallied Sciences</title><idno type="ISSN">0976-4879</idno><idno type="eISSN">0975-7406</idno><imprint><date when="2015">2015</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p>Vestibuloplasty is the procedure for shallow vestibule, prior to the prosthesis. Usually, vestibuloplasty is carried out in patients with completely edentulous arches. There are multiple techniques of vestibuloplasty described in the review of literature. However, it has not been emphasized on isolated shallow vestibule. This article describes our experience in the isolated or localized vestibuloplasty for a partially edentulous individual with a shallow vestibule pertaining to a single missing tooth.</p></div></front><back><div1 type="bibliography"><listBibl><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Kothari, Cr" uniqKey="Kothari C">CR Kothari</name></author><author><name sortKey="Goudar, G" uniqKey="Goudar G">G Goudar</name></author><author><name sortKey="Hallur, N" uniqKey="Hallur N">N Hallur</name></author><author><name sortKey="Sikkerimath, B" uniqKey="Sikkerimath B">B Sikkerimath</name></author><author><name sortKey="Gudi, S" uniqKey="Gudi S">S Gudi</name></author><author><name sortKey="Kothari, Mc" uniqKey="Kothari M">MC Kothari</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Samandari, Mh" uniqKey="Samandari M">MH Samandari</name></author><author><name sortKey="Yaghmaei, M" uniqKey="Yaghmaei M">M Yaghmaei</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ejlali, M" uniqKey="Ejlali M">M Ejlali</name></author><author><name sortKey="Moshref, M" uniqKey="Moshref M">M Moshref</name></author><author><name sortKey="Saffar, As" uniqKey="Saffar A">AS Saffar</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Devaki, Vn" uniqKey="Devaki V">VN Devaki</name></author><author><name sortKey="Balu, K" uniqKey="Balu K">K Balu</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ramesh, Sb" uniqKey="Ramesh S">SB Ramesh</name></author><author><name sortKey="Arvind, Rj" uniqKey="Arvind R">RJ Arvind</name></author><author><name sortKey="Venkatesan" uniqKey="Venkatesan">Venkatesan</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Hashemi, Hm" uniqKey="Hashemi H">HM Hashemi</name></author><author><name sortKey="Parhiz, A" uniqKey="Parhiz A">A Parhiz</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ghafari, S" uniqKey="Ghafari S">S Ghafari</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Bouchard, C" uniqKey="Bouchard C">C Bouchard</name></author><author><name sortKey="Landry, Pe" uniqKey="Landry P">PÉ Landry</name></author><author><name sortKey="Goodyer, V" uniqKey="Goodyer V">V Goodyer</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Hakim, Sg" uniqKey="Hakim S">SG Hakim</name></author><author><name sortKey="Driemel, O" uniqKey="Driemel O">O Driemel</name></author><author><name sortKey="Jacobsen, Hc" uniqKey="Jacobsen H">HC Jacobsen</name></author><author><name sortKey="Hermes, D" uniqKey="Hermes D">D Hermes</name></author><author><name sortKey="Sieg, P" uniqKey="Sieg P">P Sieg</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Hillerup, S" uniqKey="Hillerup S">S Hillerup</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Golden, Dp" uniqKey="Golden D">DP Golden</name></author><author><name sortKey="Schaberg, Sj" uniqKey="Schaberg S">SJ Schaberg</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Hillerup, S" uniqKey="Hillerup S">S Hillerup</name></author><author><name sortKey="Hj Rting Hansen, E" uniqKey="Hj Rting Hansen E">E Hjørting-Hansen</name></author><author><name sortKey="Eriksen, E" uniqKey="Eriksen E">E Eriksen</name></author><author><name sortKey="Solow, B" uniqKey="Solow B">B Solow</name></author></analytic></biblStruct></listBibl></div1></back></TEI><pmc article-type="case-report"><pmc-dir>properties open_access</pmc-dir>
<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">J Pharm Bioallied Sci</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">J Pharm Bioallied Sci</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">JPBS</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title>Journal of Pharmacy & Bioallied Sciences</journal-title></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0976-4879</issn><issn pub-type="epub">0975-7406</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Medknow Publications & Media Pvt Ltd</publisher-name><publisher-loc>India</publisher-loc></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">26538976</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="pmc">4606718</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">JPBS-7-806</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.4103/0975-7406.163574</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Dental Science - Case Report</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>A noble method of using intravenous infusion set as a stent in localized lower posterior vestibuloplasty: A technical note</article-title></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Velavan</surname><given-names>K.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"></xref><xref ref-type="corresp" rid="cor1"></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Kannan</surname><given-names>V. Sadesh</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Ahamed</surname><given-names>A. Saneem</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Abia</surname><given-names>V. Roshmi</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Elavarasi</surname><given-names>E.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"></xref></contrib></contrib-group><aff id="aff1">Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Adhiparasakthi Dental College and Hospital, Melmaruvathur, Tamil Nadu, India</aff><author-notes><corresp id="cor1"><bold>Address for correspondence:</bold> Dr. K. Velavan, E-mail: <email xlink:href="drvelavan@gmail.com">drvelavan@gmail.com</email></corresp></author-notes><pub-date pub-type="ppub"><month>8</month><year>2015</year></pub-date><volume>7</volume><issue>Suppl 2</issue><fpage>S806</fpage><lpage>S808</lpage><history><date date-type="received"><day>28</day><month>4</month><year>2015</year></date><date date-type="rev-recd"><day>28</day><month>4</month><year>2015</year></date><date date-type="accepted"><day>22</day><month>5</month><year>2015</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright: © Journal of Pharmacy and Bioallied Sciences</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2015</copyright-year><license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0"><license-p>This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 License, which allows others to remix, tweak, and build upon the work non-commercially, as long as the author is credited and the new creations are licensed under the identical terms</license-p></license></permissions><abstract><p>Vestibuloplasty is the procedure for shallow vestibule, prior to the prosthesis. Usually, vestibuloplasty is carried out in patients with completely edentulous arches. There are multiple techniques of vestibuloplasty described in the review of literature. However, it has not been emphasized on isolated shallow vestibule. This article describes our experience in the isolated or localized vestibuloplasty for a partially edentulous individual with a shallow vestibule pertaining to a single missing tooth.</p></abstract><kwd-group><title>KEY WORDS</title><kwd>Customized stent</kwd><kwd>posterior sulcus</kwd><kwd>shallow vestibular sulcus</kwd><kwd>vestibuloplasty</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><body><p>Vestibuloplasty is a preprosthetic surgery, which is the treatment for most cases of reduced and shallow vestibule. Preprosthetic surgery is the surgery carried out prior to prosthesis like a removable partial denture or complete prosthesis. Vestibuloplasty procedure increases the depth of the denture retention for complete rehabilitation.[<xref rid="ref1" ref-type="bibr">1</xref>] Denture adaptation is better if the sulcus depth is satisfactory. Denture floats if the depth is shallow or minimal.</p><p>Vestibuloplasty (Clarke's technique) is described in the earlier literature as a comfortable and reliable technique for attaining sulcus depth.[<xref rid="ref2" ref-type="bibr">2</xref><xref rid="ref3" ref-type="bibr">3</xref><xref rid="ref4" ref-type="bibr">4</xref>] It is indicated in case of completely edentulous ridges to create a betterment of anatomical sulcus length. We encountered an isolated shallow vestibule with dentition in anterior and posterior to the ridge. We planned for a minimally invasive minor operation to improve the condition of the soft tissues around the atrophied mandible region.</p><sec id="sec1-1"><title>Technical Note</title><p>A case was referred to our department with a complaint of reduced sulcus depth in relation to the particular region, isolated to lower posterior vestibule. Resorbed bone or residual bone with a superiorly positioned gingiva following extraction was noted. History of extraction of the tooth, before 7 years and had a trauma 20 years before. Following the healed region after extraction, patient ended up with a shallow and reduced vestibular sulcus depth [<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F1">Figure 1</xref>]. Patient opted for a removal partial denture as he was not affordable for fixed partial denture or an endosseous implant. Most patients will not afford this procedure.[<xref rid="ref5" ref-type="bibr">5</xref>]</p><fig id="F1" position="float"><label>Figure 1</label><caption><p>Preoperative</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="JPBS-7-806-g001"></graphic></fig><p>Patient was planned for a vestibular deepening in relation to the right lower first molar site. Sulcus deepening procedure performed in the mandible under local anesthesia as a chairside procedure.[<xref rid="ref6" ref-type="bibr">6</xref><xref rid="ref7" ref-type="bibr">7</xref>] Local anesthesia was delivered in the right inferior alveolar nerve region as a nerve block. Incision placed over the edentulous crest of the first mandibular molar area extending along the premolar labial side (cervix) [<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F2">Figure 2</xref>]. Mucosal attachment from the crest was relieved using periosteal elevation. Mucosal flap was reattached to a depth that is needed.</p><fig id="F2" position="float"><label>Figure 2</label><caption><p>Incision placed and flap elevated</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="JPBS-7-806-g002"></graphic></fig><p>A stent was designed from the EO sterilized nonvented intravenous (IV) infusion tube set [<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F3">Figure 3</xref>]. The approximate size of the stent was designed based on the extent of the shallow vestibule to the localized area.</p><fig id="F3" position="float"><label>Figure 3</label><caption><p>Stent-intravenous infusion set</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="JPBS-7-806-g003"></graphic></fig><p>Flap was reposition and rotated to desired and most possible level and IV infusion stent was placed and stabilized using 26 Gauge stainless steel wire in the lower posterior region and the flap was sutured with 3-0 silk [<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F4">Figure 4</xref>].</p><fig id="F4" position="float"><label>Figure 4</label><caption><p>Immediate postoperative</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="JPBS-7-806-g004"></graphic></fig></sec><sec sec-type="discussion" id="sec1-2"><title>Discussion</title><p>Preprosthetic surgery for a stable and retentive ridge has been reported in literature for decades. Exposed bone has to be covered with material including mucosal and skin grafts, which are regarded as suitable for grafting in oral and maxillofacial surgery.[<xref rid="ref1" ref-type="bibr">1</xref>]</p><p>Grafts are viable and reliable for covering of the surgical wound to prevent the contracture following sulcus deepening procedure. Thereby maintaining the desired depth.[<xref rid="ref1" ref-type="bibr">1</xref>]</p><p>Insufficient residual ridges had a vestibuloplasty with split-skin graft performed in the mandible under local anesthesia on an out-patient basis.[<xref rid="ref6" ref-type="bibr">6</xref><xref rid="ref7" ref-type="bibr">7</xref>] The conventional method proved not to be easier and more time-consuming by utilizing the stent and provided results that were marginally superior to those of the other options.[<xref rid="ref8" ref-type="bibr">8</xref>]</p><p>The healing of the tissue was satisfactory on the postoperative follow-up [<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F5">Figure 5</xref>]. During the removal of the IV stent, granulating tissue was seen at the anterior-most region of the flap, which was comparatively same to the Samandari <italic>et al.</italic>[<xref rid="ref2" ref-type="bibr">2</xref>]</p><fig id="F5" position="float"><label>Figure 5</label><caption><p>Healing after suture removal</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="JPBS-7-806-g005"></graphic></fig><p>This procedure was similar to Clark's technique with a slight change in the incision, as it was placed over the edentulous ridge and extended as a crevicular incision in the dentulous area. IV infusion set tube was used as stent to maintain the depth of the sulcus, postoperatively.[<xref rid="ref2" ref-type="bibr">2</xref><xref rid="ref3" ref-type="bibr">3</xref><xref rid="ref4" ref-type="bibr">4</xref>]</p><p>Following the tube placement, the wound healing was monitored in the 3<sup>rd</sup> and 7<sup>th</sup> day. Wound healing was satisfactory without any infection of candidiasis, which was not the same in Hillerup <italic>et al.</italic> study.[<xref rid="ref9" ref-type="bibr">9</xref>]</p><p>Various procedure and techniques have been evolved for vestibule maintenance, like fibrin glue,[<xref rid="ref8" ref-type="bibr">8</xref>] but still in our case stent was found to be effective.</p></sec><sec sec-type="results" id="sec1-3"><title>Results</title><p>Follow-up of the patient was done till the 7<sup>th</sup> postoperative day. Healing was good. Stent was removed, and a desired sulcus depth was achieved for denture retention. During the follow-up on the 3<sup>rd</sup> postoperative day, white soft tissue layer anterior to the flap was noted, which was confirmed as slough. In this case experience, there was not any source of infection or complication following the treatment of localized vestibuloplasty. This procedure was simple and less time-consuming and more effective with better results.</p></sec><sec sec-type="conclusion" id="sec1-4"><title>Conclusion</title><p>Vestibuloplasty is a procedure followed with stent placement to hold the reattached flap at a desired sulcus depth was simple and less time-consuming and more effective. Various stent placement techniques were practiced for a long posture but in this case, we were using a non-prefabricated readily available stent, which is economical and effective.</p></sec></body><back><ack><title>Acknowledgment</title><p>Shri. Dr. K. Vaithianathan, former Vice-Chancellor, TNPES University, Director of Sports, SRM University, for his contribution toward financial and moral support.</p></ack><fn-group><fn fn-type="supported-by"><p><bold>Source of Support:</bold> Nil</p></fn><fn fn-type="conflict"><p><bold>Conflict of Interest:</bold> None declared.</p></fn></fn-group><ref-list><ref id="ref1"><label>1</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Kothari</surname><given-names>CR</given-names></name><name><surname>Goudar</surname><given-names>G</given-names></name><name><surname>Hallur</surname><given-names>N</given-names></name><name><surname>Sikkerimath</surname><given-names>B</given-names></name><name><surname>Gudi</surname><given-names>S</given-names></name><name><surname>Kothari</surname><given-names>MC</given-names></name></person-group><article-title>Use of amnion as a graft material in vestibuloplasty: A clinical study</article-title><source>Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg</source><year>2012</year><volume>50</volume><fpage>545</fpage><lpage>9</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">22024106</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="ref2"><label>2</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Samandari</surname><given-names>MH</given-names></name><name><surname>Yaghmaei</surname><given-names>M</given-names></name><name><surname>Ejlali</surname><given-names>M</given-names></name><name><surname>Moshref</surname><given-names>M</given-names></name><name><surname>Saffar</surname><given-names>AS</given-names></name></person-group><article-title>Use of amnion as a graft material in vestibuloplasty: A preliminary report</article-title><source>Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod</source><year>2004</year><volume>97</volume><fpage>574</fpage><lpage>8</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">15153868</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="ref3"><label>3</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Devaki</surname><given-names>VN</given-names></name><name><surname>Balu</surname><given-names>K</given-names></name><name><surname>Ramesh</surname><given-names>SB</given-names></name><name><surname>Arvind</surname><given-names>RJ</given-names></name><name><surname>Venkatesan</surname></name></person-group><article-title>Pre-prosthetic surgery: Mandible</article-title><source>J Pharm Bioallied Sci</source><year>2012</year><volume>4</volume><fpage>S414</fpage><lpage>6</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">23066301</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="ref4"><label>4</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Hashemi</surname><given-names>HM</given-names></name><name><surname>Parhiz</surname><given-names>A</given-names></name><name><surname>Ghafari</surname><given-names>S</given-names></name></person-group><article-title>Vestibuloplasty: Allograft versus mucosal graft</article-title><source>Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg</source><year>2012</year><volume>41</volume><fpage>527</fpage><lpage>30</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">22115976</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="ref5"><label>5</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Bouchard</surname><given-names>C</given-names></name><name><surname>Landry</surname><given-names>PÉ</given-names></name><name><surname>Goodyer</surname><given-names>V</given-names></name></person-group><article-title>Palatal osteotomy with vestibuloplasty for the treatment of severe maxillary atrophy: A new twist on an old technique</article-title><source>Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg</source><year>2014</year><volume>43</volume><fpage>1500</fpage><lpage>2</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">25124391</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="ref6"><label>6</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Hakim</surname><given-names>SG</given-names></name><name><surname>Driemel</surname><given-names>O</given-names></name><name><surname>Jacobsen</surname><given-names>HC</given-names></name><name><surname>Hermes</surname><given-names>D</given-names></name><name><surname>Sieg</surname><given-names>P</given-names></name></person-group><article-title>Exposure of implants using a modified multiple-flap transposition vestibuloplasty</article-title><source>Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg</source><year>2006</year><volume>44</volume><fpage>507</fpage><lpage>10</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">16310908</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="ref7"><label>7</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Hillerup</surname><given-names>S</given-names></name></person-group><article-title>Preprosthetic mandibular vestibuloplasty with split-skin graft. 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