Antimicrobial Activity of Few Medicinal Plants against Clinically Isolated Human Cariogenic Pathogens—An In Vitro Study
Identifieur interne : 002244 ( Pmc/Checkpoint ); précédent : 002243; suivant : 002245Antimicrobial Activity of Few Medicinal Plants against Clinically Isolated Human Cariogenic Pathogens—An In Vitro Study
Auteurs : H. Shyla Jebashree [Inde] ; S. Jayasurya Kingsley [Inde] ; Emmanuel S. Sathish [Inde] ; D. Devapriya [Inde]Source :
- ISRN Dentistry [ 2090-4371 ] ; 2011.
Abstract
Hexane, ethyl acetate, ethanol and methanol extracts of
Url:
DOI: 10.5402/2011/541421
PubMed: 21991479
PubMed Central: 3169913
Affiliations:
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Study</title>
<author><name sortKey="Jebashree, H Shyla" sort="Jebashree, H Shyla" uniqKey="Jebashree H" first="H. Shyla" last="Jebashree">H. Shyla Jebashree</name>
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<country xml:lang="fr">Inde</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Loyola College, Chennai 600 034</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Chennai 600 034</wicri:noRegion>
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</author>
<author><name sortKey="Kingsley, S Jayasurya" sort="Kingsley, S Jayasurya" uniqKey="Kingsley S" first="S. Jayasurya" last="Kingsley">S. Jayasurya Kingsley</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I1">Department of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Loyola College, Chennai 600 034, India</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Inde</country>
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<country xml:lang="fr">Inde</country>
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<country xml:lang="fr">Inde</country>
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<series><title level="j">ISRN Dentistry</title>
<idno type="ISSN">2090-4371</idno>
<idno type="eISSN">2090-438X</idno>
<imprint><date when="2011">2011</date>
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<front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p>Hexane, ethyl acetate, ethanol and methanol extracts of
<italic>Psidium guajava, Terminalia chebula, Mimusops elengi and
Achyranthes aspera</italic>
were tested against the dental caries
causing bacteria <italic>Streptococcus mutans</italic>
and fungus
<italic>Candida albicans</italic>
isolated from caries infected
patients. All the four extracts of <italic>P. guajava</italic>
showed activity against both <italic>S. mutans</italic>
and
<italic>C. albicans</italic>
. Maximum zone of inhibition was
observed in ethyl acetate of <italic>P. guajava</italic>
. The four
extracts of <italic>T. chebula</italic>
and <italic>M.
elengi</italic>
showed antibacterial activity against <italic>S.
mutans</italic>
. <italic>M. elengi</italic>
extracts and ethanol
extract of <italic>T. chebula</italic>
did not show any antifungal
activity against <italic>C. albicans</italic>
. Except for the
hexane extract of <italic>A. aspera</italic>
, the other three
extracts showed activity against the tested microbes. The ethyl
acetate <italic>P. guajava</italic>
leaf extract showed the
minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) against <italic>S.
mutans</italic>
to be <0.076 mg/mL in both MHB and
BHI. The <italic>P. guajava</italic>
ethyl acetate extract was
subjected to GC-MS.</p>
</div>
</front>
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<pmc article-type="research-article"><pmc-dir>properties open_access</pmc-dir>
<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">ISRN Dent</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">ISRN Dent</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">DENTISTRY</journal-id>
<journal-title-group><journal-title>ISRN Dentistry</journal-title>
</journal-title-group>
<issn pub-type="ppub">2090-4371</issn>
<issn pub-type="epub">2090-438X</issn>
<publisher><publisher-name>International Scholarly Research Network</publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">21991479</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="pmc">3169913</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.5402/2011/541421</article-id>
<article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject>
</subj-group>
</article-categories>
<title-group><article-title>Antimicrobial Activity of Few Medicinal Plants against Clinically Isolated Human Cariogenic Pathogens—An <italic>In Vitro</italic>
Study</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Jebashree</surname>
<given-names>H. Shyla</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="I1"><sup>1</sup>
</xref>
<xref ref-type="corresp" rid="cor1">*</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Kingsley</surname>
<given-names>S. Jayasurya</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="I1"><sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Sathish</surname>
<given-names>Emmanuel S.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="I2"><sup>2</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Devapriya</surname>
<given-names>D.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="I1"><sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="I1"><sup>1</sup>
Department of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Loyola College, Chennai 600 034, India</aff>
<aff id="I2"><sup>2</sup>
Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, R.M.D.C.H., Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar, Chidambaram, Pin code-608002, India</aff>
<author-notes><corresp id="cor1">*H. Shyla Jebashree: <email>shylajeba@gmail.com</email>
</corresp>
<fn fn-type="other"><p>Academic Editors: M. H. Parkar and S. L. Yankell</p>
</fn>
</author-notes>
<pub-date pub-type="ppub"><year>2011</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>8</day>
<month>6</month>
<year>2011</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>2011</volume>
<elocation-id>541421</elocation-id>
<history><date date-type="received"><day>4</day>
<month>4</month>
<year>2011</year>
</date>
<date date-type="accepted"><day>3</day>
<month>5</month>
<year>2011</year>
</date>
</history>
<permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright © 2011 H. Shyla Jebashree et al.</copyright-statement>
<copyright-year>2011</copyright-year>
<license xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/"><license-p>This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.</license-p>
</license>
</permissions>
<abstract><p>Hexane, ethyl acetate, ethanol and methanol extracts of
<italic>Psidium guajava, Terminalia chebula, Mimusops elengi and
Achyranthes aspera</italic>
were tested against the dental caries
causing bacteria <italic>Streptococcus mutans</italic>
and fungus
<italic>Candida albicans</italic>
isolated from caries infected
patients. All the four extracts of <italic>P. guajava</italic>
showed activity against both <italic>S. mutans</italic>
and
<italic>C. albicans</italic>
. Maximum zone of inhibition was
observed in ethyl acetate of <italic>P. guajava</italic>
. The four
extracts of <italic>T. chebula</italic>
and <italic>M.
elengi</italic>
showed antibacterial activity against <italic>S.
mutans</italic>
. <italic>M. elengi</italic>
extracts and ethanol
extract of <italic>T. chebula</italic>
did not show any antifungal
activity against <italic>C. albicans</italic>
. Except for the
hexane extract of <italic>A. aspera</italic>
, the other three
extracts showed activity against the tested microbes. The ethyl
acetate <italic>P. guajava</italic>
leaf extract showed the
minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) against <italic>S.
mutans</italic>
to be <0.076 mg/mL in both MHB and
BHI. The <italic>P. guajava</italic>
ethyl acetate extract was
subjected to GC-MS.</p>
</abstract>
</article-meta>
</front>
<floats-group><table-wrap id="tab1" position="float"><label>Table 1</label>
<caption><p>Isolation of the dental caries samples in various culture media under different growth conditions.</p>
</caption>
<table frame="hsides" rules="groups"><thead><tr><th align="center" colspan="10" rowspan="1">Culture method</th>
</tr>
<tr><th align="left" rowspan="2" colspan="1">S. no.</th>
<th align="center" rowspan="2" colspan="1">Name of the organism</th>
<th align="center" colspan="4" rowspan="1"><italic>Aerobic</italic>
</th>
<th align="center" colspan="3" rowspan="1"><italic>Microaerophilic</italic>
</th>
<th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Anaerobic</italic>
</th>
</tr>
<tr><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">NA</th>
<th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">BA</th>
<th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">MAC</th>
<th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">SDA</th>
<th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">BHIBA +20% SUC</th>
<th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">TGA</th>
<th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">TYCSB</th>
<th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">BHIBA +20% SUC</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Streptococcus mutans</italic>
</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">+</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">+</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="2" colspan="1">No Growth</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">+</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">+</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">+</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Candida albicans</italic>
</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">+</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table-wrap-foot><fn><p>NA—nutrient agar; BA—blood agar; Mac—macConKey agar; SDA—sadouraud dextrose agar; TGA—thioglycolate agar; BHIBA + 20%—brain heart infusion blood agar + 20% sucrose; TYCSB—trypticase yeast extract cystine sucrose bacitracin Agar.</p>
</fn>
<fn><p>+: Present.</p>
</fn>
<fn><p>−: Absent.</p>
</fn>
</table-wrap-foot>
</table-wrap>
<table-wrap id="tab2" position="float"><label>Table 2</label>
<caption><p>Morphological and biochemical identification for the confirmation of the isolated microbes.</p>
</caption>
<table frame="hsides" rules="groups"><thead><tr><th align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">S. no.</th>
<th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Name of the organism</th>
<th align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Colony morphology</th>
<th align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Grams rxn</th>
<th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Catalase</th>
<th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Oxidase</th>
<th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Sorbitol</th>
<th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Mannitol</th>
<th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Germ tube test</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Streptococcus mutans</italic>
</td>
<td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Hemolytic pinpoint colonies</td>
<td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Gram +ve cocci, scattered, and in small colonies</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−ve</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−ve</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">+ve</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">+ve</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">×</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Candida albicans</italic>
</td>
<td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">White, large, round, opaque colonies or large creamy concave colonies.</td>
<td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Gram +ve budding yeast cells</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">×</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">×</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">×</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">×</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">+ve</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table-wrap-foot><fn><p>+ve: positive; −ve: negative; ×: absent.</p>
</fn>
</table-wrap-foot>
</table-wrap>
<table-wrap id="tab3" position="float"><label>Table 3</label>
<caption><p>Antibacterial activity of different solvent extracts of few plants against <italic>Streptococcus mutans </italic>
isolated from cariogenic pathogens.</p>
</caption>
<table frame="hsides" rules="groups"><thead><tr><th align="left" rowspan="4" colspan="1">Name of the plants</th>
<th align="center" colspan="8" rowspan="1">Zone of Inhibition (mm)</th>
</tr>
<tr><th align="center" colspan="2" rowspan="1">Hexane</th>
<th align="center" colspan="2" rowspan="1">Ethyl acetate</th>
<th align="center" colspan="2" rowspan="1">Ethanol</th>
<th align="center" colspan="2" rowspan="1">Methanol</th>
</tr>
<tr><th align="center" colspan="2" rowspan="1">mg/disc</th>
<th align="center" colspan="2" rowspan="1">mg/disc</th>
<th align="center" colspan="2" rowspan="1">mg/disc</th>
<th align="center" colspan="2" rowspan="1">mg/disc</th>
</tr>
<tr><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5</th>
<th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2.5</th>
<th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5</th>
<th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2.5</th>
<th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5</th>
<th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2.5</th>
<th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5</th>
<th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2.5</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>P. guajava</italic>
</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">12</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">12</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">20</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">18</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">12</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">11</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">14</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">12</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>T. chebula</italic>
</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">16</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">14</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">16</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">14</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">13</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">11</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">13</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">11</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>A. aspera</italic>
</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">—</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">—</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">18</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">12</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">10</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">10</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">10</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">10</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>M. elengi</italic>
</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">11</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">—</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">16</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">14</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">12</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">10</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">13</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">10</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</table-wrap>
<table-wrap id="tab4" position="float"><label>Table 4</label>
<caption><p>Antifungal activity of different solvent extracts of few plants against <italic>Candida albicans</italic>
from cariogenic pathogens.</p>
</caption>
<table frame="hsides" rules="groups"><thead><tr><th align="left" rowspan="4" colspan="1">Name of the plants</th>
<th align="center" colspan="8" rowspan="1">Zone of Inhibition (mm)</th>
</tr>
<tr><th align="center" colspan="2" rowspan="1">Hexane</th>
<th align="center" colspan="2" rowspan="1">Ethyl acetate</th>
<th align="center" colspan="2" rowspan="1">Ethanol</th>
<th align="center" colspan="2" rowspan="1">Methanol</th>
</tr>
<tr><th align="center" colspan="2" rowspan="1">mg/disc</th>
<th align="center" colspan="2" rowspan="1">mg/disc</th>
<th align="center" colspan="2" rowspan="1">mg/disc</th>
<th align="center" colspan="2" rowspan="1">mg/disc</th>
</tr>
<tr><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5</th>
<th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2.5</th>
<th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5</th>
<th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2.5</th>
<th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5</th>
<th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2.5</th>
<th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5</th>
<th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2.5</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>P. guajava</italic>
</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">16</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">14</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">16</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">14</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">15</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">13</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">15</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">13</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>T. chebula</italic>
</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">12</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">11</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">16</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">14</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">—</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">—</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">11</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">10</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>A. aspera</italic>
</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">—</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">—</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">15</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">14</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">12</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">14</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">13</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">12</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>M. elengi</italic>
</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">—</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">—</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">—</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">—</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">—</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">—</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">—</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">—</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</table-wrap>
<table-wrap id="tab5" position="float"><label>Table 5</label>
<caption><p>Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of four solvent extracts of <italic>Psidium guajava and Terminalia chebula</italic>
by microbroth dilution method.</p>
</caption>
<table frame="hsides" rules="groups"><thead><tr><th align="left" rowspan="3" colspan="1">Name of the plant</th>
<th align="center" rowspan="3" colspan="1">Isolated pathogen</th>
<th align="center" colspan="8" rowspan="1">Minimum inhibitory concentration mg/mL</th>
</tr>
<tr><th align="center" colspan="2" rowspan="1">Hexane</th>
<th align="center" colspan="2" rowspan="1">Ethyl acetate</th>
<th align="center" colspan="2" rowspan="1">Ethanol</th>
<th align="center" colspan="2" rowspan="1">Methanol</th>
</tr>
<tr><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">BHI</th>
<th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">MHB</th>
<th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">BHI</th>
<th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">MHB</th>
<th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">BHI</th>
<th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">MHB</th>
<th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">BHI</th>
<th align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">MHB</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody><tr><td align="left" rowspan="2" colspan="1"><italic>P. guajava</italic>
</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>S. mutans</italic>
</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><0.076</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><0.076</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><0.076</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><0.076</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><0.076</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><0.152</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><0.076</td>
<td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><0.076</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>C. albicans</italic>
</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.152</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.315</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.315</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.152</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.625</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.315</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.625</td>
<td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.625</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="left" rowspan="2" colspan="1"><italic>T. Chebula</italic>
</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>S. mutans</italic>
</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><0.076</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><0.076</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><0.076</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">>5.0</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><0.076</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">>5.0</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><0.076</td>
<td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.625</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>C. albicans</italic>
</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><0.076</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.625</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">>5.0</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">>5.0</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">>5.0</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">>5.0</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.315</td>
<td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.25</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table-wrap-foot><fn><p>MHB: Mueller Hinton Broth.</p>
</fn>
<fn><p>BHI: Brain Heart Infusion Broth.</p>
</fn>
</table-wrap-foot>
</table-wrap>
</floats-group>
</pmc>
<affiliations><list><country><li>Inde</li>
</country>
</list>
<tree><country name="Inde"><noRegion><name sortKey="Jebashree, H Shyla" sort="Jebashree, H Shyla" uniqKey="Jebashree H" first="H. Shyla" last="Jebashree">H. Shyla Jebashree</name>
</noRegion>
<name sortKey="Devapriya, D" sort="Devapriya, D" uniqKey="Devapriya D" first="D." last="Devapriya">D. Devapriya</name>
<name sortKey="Kingsley, S Jayasurya" sort="Kingsley, S Jayasurya" uniqKey="Kingsley S" first="S. Jayasurya" last="Kingsley">S. Jayasurya Kingsley</name>
<name sortKey="Sathish, Emmanuel S" sort="Sathish, Emmanuel S" uniqKey="Sathish E" first="Emmanuel S." last="Sathish">Emmanuel S. Sathish</name>
</country>
</tree>
</affiliations>
</record>
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