DENTAL SERVICES AND ATTITUDES TOWARDS ITS REGULAR UTILIZATION AMONG CIVIL SERVANTS IN IBADAN, NIGERIA
Identifieur interne : 001534 ( Pmc/Checkpoint ); précédent : 001533; suivant : 001535DENTAL SERVICES AND ATTITUDES TOWARDS ITS REGULAR UTILIZATION AMONG CIVIL SERVANTS IN IBADAN, NIGERIA
Auteurs : M. E. Osuh [Nigeria] ; G. A. Oke [Nigeria] ; M. C. Asuzu [Nigeria]Source :
- Annals of Ibadan Postgraduate Medicine [ 1597-1627 ] ; 2014.
Abstract
Regular utilization of dental services is key to the attainment of optimal oral health state, an integral component of general health and well being needed for effective productivity by working personnel.
This study assessed the rate and pattern of dental service utilization among civil servants and their attitudes towards its regular use.
A multi-stage sampling technique was used to select participants from the Federal Secretariat in Ibadan, Nigeria. A structured, standardized, pretested and self-administered questionnaire was utilized to elicit responses on dental services and attitudes towards their regular utilization. Responses to knowledge and attitude questions were scored and categorized. Chi-squared test was used to test associations between variables at 5% level of significance.
A total of 400 civil servants participated in the study. Their mean age was 44.0 ±7.3years. Many 291(72.8%) were well informed about dental health care and services, but few 156 (39%) had ever utilized it. Of the utilizers, 32 (20.5%) visited within the previous one year period, while others last visited in more than one year period. Few 17 (10.9%) of the utilizers visited for routine dental checks, 103 (66%) for acute pain relief, while the rest had other dental health care needs. The majority 312 (78.0%) showed positive attitude towards regular dental service utilization and this improved with higher educational attainment, improved level of income, being aware of dental services and having ever utilized it (all p<0.05).
Despite the awareness and positive attitude towards regular dental service use, their utilization rate was relatively low, episodic and problem driven. Appropriate oral health promotion strategies to enhance utilization of preventive dental services are strongly recommended for them.
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PubMed: 25332695
PubMed Central: 4201935
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<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">DENTAL SERVICES AND ATTITUDES TOWARDS ITS REGULAR UTILIZATION AMONG CIVIL SERVANTS IN IBADAN, NIGERIA</title><author><name sortKey="Osuh, M E" sort="Osuh, M E" uniqKey="Osuh M" first="M. E." last="Osuh">M. E. Osuh</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="aff1">Department of Periodontology and Community Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Ibadan.</nlm:aff><country>Nigeria</country><placeName><settlement type="city">Ibadan</settlement><region type="region">État d'Oyo</region></placeName><orgName type="university">Université d'Ibadan</orgName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Oke, G A" sort="Oke, G A" uniqKey="Oke G" first="G. A." last="Oke">G. A. Oke</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="aff1">Department of Periodontology and Community Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Ibadan.</nlm:aff><country>Nigeria</country><placeName><settlement type="city">Ibadan</settlement><region type="region">État d'Oyo</region></placeName><orgName type="university">Université d'Ibadan</orgName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Asuzu, M C" sort="Asuzu, M C" uniqKey="Asuzu M" first="M. C." last="Asuzu">M. C. Asuzu</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="aff2">Department of Preventive Medicine and Primary Care, Faculty of the Clinical Sciences, University of Ibadan</nlm:aff><country>Nigeria</country><placeName><settlement type="city">Ibadan</settlement><region type="region">État d'Oyo</region></placeName><orgName type="university">Université d'Ibadan</orgName></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno><idno type="pmid">25332695</idno><idno type="pmc">4201935</idno><idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4201935</idno><idno type="RBID">PMC:4201935</idno><date when="2014">2014</date><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Corpus">002820</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PMC">002820</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Curation">002820</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Curation">002820</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Checkpoint">001534</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Checkpoint">001534</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">DENTAL SERVICES AND ATTITUDES TOWARDS ITS REGULAR UTILIZATION AMONG CIVIL SERVANTS IN IBADAN, NIGERIA</title><author><name sortKey="Osuh, M E" sort="Osuh, M E" uniqKey="Osuh M" first="M. E." last="Osuh">M. E. Osuh</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="aff1">Department of Periodontology and Community Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Ibadan.</nlm:aff><country>Nigeria</country><placeName><settlement type="city">Ibadan</settlement><region type="region">État d'Oyo</region></placeName><orgName type="university">Université d'Ibadan</orgName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Oke, G A" sort="Oke, G A" uniqKey="Oke G" first="G. A." last="Oke">G. A. Oke</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="aff1">Department of Periodontology and Community Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Ibadan.</nlm:aff><country>Nigeria</country><placeName><settlement type="city">Ibadan</settlement><region type="region">État d'Oyo</region></placeName><orgName type="university">Université d'Ibadan</orgName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Asuzu, M C" sort="Asuzu, M C" uniqKey="Asuzu M" first="M. C." last="Asuzu">M. C. Asuzu</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="aff2">Department of Preventive Medicine and Primary Care, Faculty of the Clinical Sciences, University of Ibadan</nlm:aff><country>Nigeria</country><placeName><settlement type="city">Ibadan</settlement><region type="region">État d'Oyo</region></placeName><orgName type="university">Université d'Ibadan</orgName></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Annals of Ibadan Postgraduate Medicine</title><idno type="ISSN">1597-1627</idno><imprint><date when="2014">2014</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Background: </title><p> Regular utilization of dental services is key to the attainment
of optimal oral health state, an integral component of general health and
well being needed for effective productivity by working personnel.
</p></sec><sec><title>Objective:</title><p> This study assessed the rate and pattern of dental service utilization
among civil servants and their attitudes towards its regular use.</p></sec><sec><title>Methodology:</title><p>A multi-stage sampling technique was used to select
participants from the Federal Secretariat in Ibadan, Nigeria. A structured,
standardized, pretested and self-administered questionnaire was utilized to
elicit responses on dental services and attitudes towards their regular
utilization. Responses to knowledge and attitude questions were scored and
categorized. Chi-squared test was used to test associations between variables
at 5% level of significance.</p></sec><sec><title>Results: </title><p>A total of 400 civil servants participated in the study. Their mean
age was 44.0 ±7.3years. Many 291(72.8%) were well informed about dental
health care and services, but few 156 (39%) had ever utilized it. Of the utilizers,
32 (20.5%) visited within the previous one year period, while others last
visited in more than one year period. Few 17 (10.9%) of the utilizers visited
for routine dental checks, 103 (66%) for acute pain relief, while the rest had
other dental health care needs. The majority 312 (78.0%) showed positive
attitude towards regular dental service utilization and this improved with
higher educational attainment, improved level of income, being aware of
dental services and having ever utilized it (all p<0.05).</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion:</title><p>Despite the awareness and positive attitude towards regular
dental service use, their utilization rate was relatively low, episodic and
problem driven. Appropriate oral health promotion strategies to enhance
utilization of preventive dental services are strongly recommended for them.</p></sec></div></front><back><div1 type="bibliography"><listBibl><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Akpata, Es" uniqKey="Akpata E">ES Akpata</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Petersen, Pe" uniqKey="Petersen P">PE Petersen</name></author><author><name sortKey="Yamamoto, T" uniqKey="Yamamoto T">T Yamamoto</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Smith, Jm" uniqKey="Smith J">JM Smith</name></author><author><name sortKey="Sheiham, A" uniqKey="Sheiham A">A Sheiham</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Jones, Cl" uniqKey="Jones C">CL Jones</name></author><author><name sortKey="Milsom, Km" uniqKey="Milsom K">KM Milsom</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ratcliffe, P" uniqKey="Ratcliffe P">P 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Anderson</name></author><author><name sortKey="Barmes, De" uniqKey="Barmes D">DE Barmes</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Kiyak, Ha" uniqKey="Kiyak H">HA Kiyak</name></author><author><name sortKey="Reichmuth, M" uniqKey="Reichmuth M">M Reichmuth</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Westaway, Ms" uniqKey="Westaway M">MS Westaway</name></author><author><name sortKey="Viljoen, E" uniqKey="Viljoen E">E Viljoen </name></author><author><name sortKey="Rudolph, Mj" uniqKey="Rudolph M">MJ Rudolph </name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Lee, W" uniqKey="Lee W">W Lee</name></author><author><name sortKey="Kim, Sj" uniqKey="Kim S">SJ Kim </name></author><author><name sortKey="Albert, Jm" uniqKey="Albert J">JM Albert </name></author><author><name sortKey="Nelson, S" uniqKey="Nelson S">S Nelson 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<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Ann Ib Postgrad Med</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">Ann Ib Postgrad Med</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">AIPM</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title>Annals of Ibadan Postgraduate Medicine</journal-title></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1597-1627</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Association of Resident Doctors (ARD), University College Hospital, Ibadan</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">25332695</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="pmc">4201935</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">AIPM-12-7</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Original Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>DENTAL SERVICES AND ATTITUDES TOWARDS ITS REGULAR UTILIZATION AMONG CIVIL SERVANTS IN IBADAN, NIGERIA</article-title></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Osuh</surname><given-names>M.E.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">1</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Oke</surname><given-names>G.A.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">1</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Asuzu</surname><given-names>M.C.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">2</xref></contrib></contrib-group><aff id="aff1"><label>1</label>Department of Periodontology and Community Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Ibadan.</aff><aff id="aff2"><label>2</label>Department of Preventive Medicine and Primary Care, Faculty of the Clinical Sciences, University of Ibadan</aff><author-notes><corresp><italic>Correspondence:</italic><bold>Dr. Mary E Osuh</bold> Community Dentistry Unit, Dept. of Perio. and Comm. Dentistry. Tel- 08035797011 E-mail - <email>meosuh@yahoo.com</email></corresp></author-notes><pub-date pub-type="ppub"><month>6</month><year>2014</year></pub-date><volume>12</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>7</fpage><lpage>14</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>© Association of Resident Doctors, UCH, Ibadan</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2014</copyright-year><license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/"><license-p>This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (<uri xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/">http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0</uri>) which permits unrestricted, non-commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited.</license-p></license></permissions><abstract><sec><title>Background: </title><p> Regular utilization of dental services is key to the attainment
of optimal oral health state, an integral component of general health and
well being needed for effective productivity by working personnel.
</p></sec><sec><title>Objective:</title><p> This study assessed the rate and pattern of dental service utilization
among civil servants and their attitudes towards its regular use.</p></sec><sec><title>Methodology:</title><p>A multi-stage sampling technique was used to select
participants from the Federal Secretariat in Ibadan, Nigeria. A structured,
standardized, pretested and self-administered questionnaire was utilized to
elicit responses on dental services and attitudes towards their regular
utilization. Responses to knowledge and attitude questions were scored and
categorized. Chi-squared test was used to test associations between variables
at 5% level of significance.</p></sec><sec><title>Results: </title><p>A total of 400 civil servants participated in the study. Their mean
age was 44.0 ±7.3years. Many 291(72.8%) were well informed about dental
health care and services, but few 156 (39%) had ever utilized it. Of the utilizers,
32 (20.5%) visited within the previous one year period, while others last
visited in more than one year period. Few 17 (10.9%) of the utilizers visited
for routine dental checks, 103 (66%) for acute pain relief, while the rest had
other dental health care needs. The majority 312 (78.0%) showed positive
attitude towards regular dental service utilization and this improved with
higher educational attainment, improved level of income, being aware of
dental services and having ever utilized it (all p<0.05).</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion:</title><p>Despite the awareness and positive attitude towards regular
dental service use, their utilization rate was relatively low, episodic and
problem driven. Appropriate oral health promotion strategies to enhance
utilization of preventive dental services are strongly recommended for them.</p></sec></abstract><kwd-group><title>Keywords</title><kwd>Dental services</kwd><kwd>Attitude</kwd><kwd>Utilization</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><floats-group><table-wrap id="T1" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Table 1:</label><caption><p>Socio-demographic characteristics of the
respondents.</p></caption><table frame="hsides" rules="none" width="100%"><thead><tr><th rowspan="1" colspan="1">Age group (Years)</th><th rowspan="1" colspan="1">Total respondents</th><th rowspan="1" colspan="1">Percentage</th></tr><tr><th colspan="3" rowspan="1"><hr></hr></th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">≤ 30</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> 22</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> 5.5</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">31 – 40 </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">111</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> 27.7</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">41 – 50 </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">197 </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">49.3</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">≥51 </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">70 </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">17.5</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" rowspan="1"><bold>Sex</bold></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Male </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">207</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> 51.8</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Female </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">193 </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">48.2</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" rowspan="1"><bold>Educational level</bold></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">None</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> 3 </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.8</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">1° 48 </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">12.0</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">2° edu </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">109 </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">27.2</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">>2° edu </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">243 </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">60.8</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" rowspan="1"><bold>SES by grade level of income</bold></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">1 - 6 </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">157</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> 39.2</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">7 – 12 </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">212 </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">53.0</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">≥ 13 </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">31 </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">7.8</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" rowspan="1"><hr></hr></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">400 </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">100</td></tr></tbody></table><table-wrap-foot><fn id="T1F1"><p>1p - primary education; 2<sup>°</sup> – secondary education; < - less than; ≥ -
greater than or equal to; d” - less than or equal to.</p></fn></table-wrap-foot></table-wrap><table-wrap id="T2" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Table 2:</label><caption><p>Association between of Awareness of dental services and some variables.</p></caption><table frame="hsides" rules="none" width="100%"><thead><tr><th rowspan="1" colspan="1"></th><th rowspan="1" colspan="1">Poorly Informed (%)</th><th rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Well Informed (%)</th><th rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Total (100%)</th><th rowspan="1" colspan="1"> P- value</th></tr><tr><th colspan="5" rowspan="1"><hr></hr></th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td colspan="5" rowspan="1"><bold>SES by grade level of income</bold></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">1 – 6</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> 56 (35.7) </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">101 (64.3)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> 157</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">7 – 12</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> 50 (23.6)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> 162 (76.4)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> 212</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">≥ 13 </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3 (9.7)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> 28 (90.3)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> 31 </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">P = 0.003<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="T2F1">*</xref></td></tr><tr><td colspan="5" rowspan="1"><bold>Educational sta</bold></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">≤1° </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">27 (56.2) </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">21 (43.8)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> 48</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">2° edu </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">53 (48.6) </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">56 (51.4) </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">109</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">>2° edu</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> 78 (32.1) </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">165 (67.9)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> 243 </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">P = 0.001<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="T2F1">*</xref></td></tr><tr><td colspan="5" rowspan="1"><bold>Attitude</bold></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">-ve</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> 41 (46.6)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> 47 (53.4)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> 88</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">+ve</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> 68 (21.8)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> 244 (78.2)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> 312 </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">P = 0.000<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="T2F1">*</xref></td></tr><tr><td colspan="5" rowspan="1"><bold>Utilization</bold></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Yes </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">21 (13.5)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> 135 (86.5) </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">156</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">No</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> 88 (36.1) </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">156 (63.9) </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">244 </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">P = 0.000<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="T2F1">*</xref></td></tr><tr><td colspan="5" rowspan="1"><bold>Age group</bold></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">≤ 30 </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3 (13.6) </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">19 (86.4)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> 22</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">31 – 40</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> 40 (36.0)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> 71 (64.0) </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">111</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">41 – 50</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> 51 (25.9)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> 146 (74.1)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> 197</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">≥51</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> 15 (21.4)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> 55 (78.6)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> 70 </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">P = 0.270</td></tr><tr><td colspan="5" rowspan="1"><hr></hr></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>Total</bold></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>109 (27.2)</bold></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>291 (72.8)</bold></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>400</bold></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr></tbody></table><table-wrap-foot><fn id="T2F1"><label>*</label><p>statistically significant;</p></fn><fn id="T2F2"><p>-ve –negative; +ve- positive</p></fn></table-wrap-foot></table-wrap><table-wrap id="T3" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Table 3:</label><caption><p>Utilization of dental services and reasons for use and non-use among respondents</p></caption><table frame="hsides" rules="none" width="100%"><thead><tr><th align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Last dental visit</th><th rowspan="1" colspan="1">No. of respondents</th><th rowspan="1" colspan="1">Percentage</th></tr><tr><th colspan="3" rowspan="1"><hr></hr></th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Within the last one year </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">32</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> 20.5</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">More than one year ago </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">124 </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">79.5</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" rowspan="1"><bold>Reason for use of dental service facility by time of use</bold></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Examination, Prevention (Routine scaling and polishing)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> 17 </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">10.9</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Acute pain relief (toothache/tooth sensitivity) </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">103</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> 66.0</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Bleeding gums</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> 1 </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.6</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Bad breath </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> 1.3</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Tooth discoloration </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> 3.2</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Teeth replacement</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> 21 </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">13.5</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Other dental problems</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> 5</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> 3.2</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">More than one dental problem </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2 </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.3</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" rowspan="1"><bold>Reason for non use by previous utilizers</bold></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">It has become too expensive </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">27 </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">17.3</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Acute pain relief (toothache/tooth sensitivity) </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">25 </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">16.0</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">I don’t see any need to/ I am fine. </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">71 </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">45.5</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">I had a bad experience last time</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> 23</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> 14.8</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Not yet time for my next appointment</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> 2 </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.3</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Others specify </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">8</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> 5.1</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>Total </bold></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>156 </bold></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>100.00</bold></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" rowspan="1"><bold>Reasons for never utilizing a dental care service</bold></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">It’s too expensive</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> 13 </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5.3</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">I don’t have any serious dental /oral problems </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">202 </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">82.8</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Fear of the sight of instruments </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">11 </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">4.5</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">No time</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> 3 </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.2</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Complex hospital routine </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">7 </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3.0</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Other reasons </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">4 </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.6</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">More than one reason </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">4 </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.6</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" rowspan="1"><hr></hr></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>Total</bold></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>244 </bold></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>100</bold></td></tr></tbody></table></table-wrap><table-wrap id="T4" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Table 4:</label><caption><p>Association between Utilization of dental services and selected variables (N = 400)</p></caption><table frame="hsides" rules="none" width="100%"><thead><tr><th rowspan="1" colspan="1"></th><th rowspan="1" colspan="1">Utilized n (%)</th><th rowspan="1" colspan="1">Never Utilized n (%)</th><th rowspan="1" colspan="1">Total (100%)</th><th rowspan="1" colspan="1">P- value</th></tr><tr><th colspan="5" rowspan="1"><hr></hr></th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td colspan="5" rowspan="1"><bold>Age group</bold></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">≤ 30 </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">7 </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">(31.8) </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">15 (68.2) </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">22</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">31 – 40 </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">35 (31.5) </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">76 (68.5) </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">111</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">41 – 50 </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">74 (37.6) </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">123 (62.4)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> 197</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">≥51 </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">40 (57.1)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> 30 (42.9) </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">70 </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">P = 0.005<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="T4F1">*</xref></td></tr><tr><td colspan="5" rowspan="1"><bold>Sex</bold></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Male</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> 76 (36.7)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> 13 (63.3)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> 207</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Female</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> 80 (41.5) </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">113 (58.5) </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">193 </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">P= 0.193</td></tr><tr><td colspan="5" rowspan="1"><bold>Marital status</bold></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Not married </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">16 (43.2) </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">21 (56.8) </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">37</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Married </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">140 (38.6) </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">223 (61.4)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> 363</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> P=0.349</td></tr><tr><td colspan="5" rowspan="1"><bold>Ethnic group</bold></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Yoruba </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">132 (38.6) </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">210 (61.4) </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">342 </td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Others </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">24 (41.4)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> 34 (58.6)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> 58</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">P= 0.396</td></tr><tr><td colspan="5" rowspan="1"><bold>Educational stat</bold></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">≤1° </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">16 (33.3) </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">32 (66.7) </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">48</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">2° edu </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">42 (38.5)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> 67 (61.5) </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">109</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">>2° edu </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">98 (40.3) </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">145 (59.7)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> 243 </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">P = 0.658</td></tr><tr><td colspan="5" rowspan="1"><bold>SES by grade level of income</bold></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">1 – 6 </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">44 (28.0) </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">113 (72.0) </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">157</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">7 – 12</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> 95 (44.8)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> 117 (55.2) </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">212</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">≥ 13</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> 17 (54.8)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> 14 (45.2)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> 31 </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">P = 0.001</td></tr><tr><td colspan="5" rowspan="1"><bold>Awareness</bold></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Poorly Inf</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> 21 (19.3) </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">88 (80.7) </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">109</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Well Inf </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">135 (46.4) </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">156 (53.6) </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">291 </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">P = 0.000<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="T4F1">*</xref></td></tr><tr><td colspan="5" rowspan="1"><bold>Attitude</bold></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">-ve </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">27 (30.7) </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">61 (69.3) </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">88</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">+ve</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> 129 (41.3) </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">183 (58.7) </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">312 </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">P = 0.045<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="T4F1">*</xref></td></tr></tbody></table><table-wrap-foot><fn id="T4F1"><label>*</label><p>- statistically significant;</p></fn><fn id="T4F2"><p>÷<sup>2</sup> - chi square test statistic; stat – statistics; Exact – Fisher’s exact test</p></fn></table-wrap-foot></table-wrap><table-wrap id="T5" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Table 5:</label><caption><p>Association between Attitude to regular dental service utilization and some variables.</p></caption><table frame="hsides" rules="none" width="100%"><thead><tr><th rowspan="1" colspan="1"></th><th rowspan="1" colspan="1">Negative Att (%)</th><th rowspan="1" colspan="1">Positive Att (%)</th><th rowspan="1" colspan="1">Total (100%)</th><th rowspan="1" colspan="1">P- value</th></tr><tr><th colspan="5" rowspan="1"><hr></hr></th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td colspan="5" rowspan="1"><bold>Age group</bold></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">≤ 30 </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5 (22.7) </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">17 (77.3)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> 22</td><td rowspan="4" align="center" valign="bottom" colspan="1">P = 0.991</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">31 – 40 </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">25 (22.5) </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">86 (77.5) </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">111</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">41 – 50 </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">42 (21.3) </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">155 (78.7) </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">197</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">≥ 51 </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">16 (22.9) </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">54 (77.1)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> 70 </td></tr><tr><td colspan="5" rowspan="1"><bold>Sex:</bold></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Male </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">44 (21.3)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> 163 (78.7)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> 207</td><td rowspan="2" align="center" valign="bottom" colspan="1">P= 0.401</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Female </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">44 (22.8) </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">149 (77.2) </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">193 </td></tr><tr><td colspan="5" rowspan="1"><bold>Edu stat:</bold></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">1° & <</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> 21 (43.8) </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">27 (56.2) </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">48</td><td rowspan="3" align="center" valign="bottom" colspan="1">P = 0.000<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="T5F1">*</xref></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">2° edu</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> 36 (33.0) </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">73 (67.0) </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">109</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">>2° edu</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> 31 (12.8)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> 212 (87.2) </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">243 </td></tr><tr><td colspan="5" rowspan="1"><bold>SES by grade level of income </bold></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">1 – 6 </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">46 (29.3)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> 111 (70.7)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> 157</td><td rowspan="3" align="center" valign="bottom" colspan="1">P = 0.010<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="T5F1">*</xref></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">7 – 12</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> 39 (18.4)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> 173 (81.6)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> 212</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">≥ 13</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> 3 (9.7)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> 28 (90.3)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> 31 </td></tr><tr><td colspan="5" rowspan="1"><bold>Awareness</bold></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Poorly Inf </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">41 (37.6)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> 68 (62.4)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> 109</td><td rowspan="2" align="center" valign="bottom" colspan="1">P = 0.000<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="T5F1">*</xref></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Well Inf</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> 47 (16.2)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> 244 (83.8)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> 291 </td></tr><tr><td colspan="5" rowspan="1"><bold>Utilization</bold></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Yes </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">27 (17.3)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> 129 (82.7)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> 156</td><td rowspan="2" align="center" valign="bottom" colspan="1">P = 0.045<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="T5F1">*</xref></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">No</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> 61 (25.0)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> 183 (75.0) </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">244 </td></tr><tr><td colspan="5" rowspan="1"><hr></hr></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>Total </bold></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">88 (22.0)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> 312 (78.0)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> 400</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr></tbody></table><table-wrap-foot><fn id="T5F1"><label>*</label><p>- statistically significant;</p></fn><fn id="T5F2"><p> ÷<sup>2</sup> - chi square test statistic; Exact – Fisher’s exact test</p></fn></table-wrap-foot></table-wrap></floats-group></pmc><affiliations><list><country><li>Nigeria</li></country><region><li>État d'Oyo</li></region><settlement><li>Ibadan</li></settlement><orgName><li>Université d'Ibadan</li></orgName></list><tree><country name="Nigeria"><region name="État d'Oyo"><name sortKey="Osuh, M E" sort="Osuh, M E" uniqKey="Osuh M" first="M. E." last="Osuh">M. E. Osuh</name></region><name sortKey="Asuzu, M C" sort="Asuzu, M C" uniqKey="Asuzu M" first="M. C." last="Asuzu">M. C. Asuzu</name><name sortKey="Oke, G A" sort="Oke, G A" uniqKey="Oke G" first="G. A." last="Oke">G. A. Oke</name></country></tree></affiliations></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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