Photoelastic Analysis of Fixed Partial Prosthesis Crown Height and Implant Length on Distribution of Stress in Two Dental Implant Systems
Identifieur interne : 001296 ( Pmc/Checkpoint ); précédent : 001295; suivant : 001297Photoelastic Analysis of Fixed Partial Prosthesis Crown Height and Implant Length on Distribution of Stress in Two Dental Implant Systems
Auteurs : Evandro Portela Figueirêdo [Brésil] ; Eder Alberto Sigua-Rodriguez [Brésil] ; Marcele Jardim Pimentel [Brésil] ; Ana Regina Oliveira Moreira [Brésil] ; Mauro Antônio De Arruda N Bilo [Brésil] ; José Ricardo De Albergaria-Barbosa [Brésil]Source :
- International Journal of Dentistry [ 1687-8728 ] ; 2014.
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate by photoelastic analysis stress distribution on short and long implants of two dental implant systems with 2-unit implant-supported fixed partial prostheses of 8 mm and 13 mm heights. Sixteen photoelastic models were divided into 4 groups: I: long implant (5 × 11 mm) (Neodent), II: long implant (5 × 11 mm) (Bicon), III: short implant (5 × 6 mm) (Neodent), and IV: short implants (5 × 6 mm) (Bicon). The models were positioned in a circular polariscope associated with a cell load and static axial (0.5 Kgf) and nonaxial load (15°, 0.5 Kgf) were applied to each group for both prosthetic crown heights. Three-way ANOVA was used to compare the factors implant length, crown height, and implant system (
Url:
DOI: 10.1155/2014/206723
PubMed: 25374603
PubMed Central: 4206919
Affiliations:
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<author><name sortKey="Figueiredo, Evandro Portela" sort="Figueiredo, Evandro Portela" uniqKey="Figueiredo E" first="Evandro Portela" last="Figueirêdo">Evandro Portela Figueirêdo</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Sigua Rodriguez, Eder Alberto" sort="Sigua Rodriguez, Eder Alberto" uniqKey="Sigua Rodriguez E" first="Eder Alberto" last="Sigua-Rodriguez">Eder Alberto Sigua-Rodriguez</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="I2">Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Piracicaba Dental School, P.O. Box 52, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), 13414-903 Piracicaba, SP, Brazil</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Brésil</country>
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<author><name sortKey="Pimentel, Marcele Jardim" sort="Pimentel, Marcele Jardim" uniqKey="Pimentel M" first="Marcele Jardim" last="Pimentel">Marcele Jardim Pimentel</name>
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<country xml:lang="fr">Brésil</country>
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<author><name sortKey="Oliveira Moreira, Ana Regina" sort="Oliveira Moreira, Ana Regina" uniqKey="Oliveira Moreira A" first="Ana Regina" last="Oliveira Moreira">Ana Regina Oliveira Moreira</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="I3">Department of Prosthesis and Periodontology, Piracicaba Dental School, P.O. Box 52, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), 13414-903 Piracicaba, SP, Brazil</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Brésil</country>
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<author><name sortKey="N Bilo, Mauro Antonio De Arruda" sort="N Bilo, Mauro Antonio De Arruda" uniqKey="N Bilo M" first="Mauro Antônio De Arruda" last="N Bilo">Mauro Antônio De Arruda N Bilo</name>
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<author><name sortKey="De Albergaria Barbosa, Jose Ricardo" sort="De Albergaria Barbosa, Jose Ricardo" uniqKey="De Albergaria Barbosa J" first="José Ricardo" last="De Albergaria-Barbosa">José Ricardo De Albergaria-Barbosa</name>
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<series><title level="j">International Journal of Dentistry</title>
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<front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p>The aim of this study was to evaluate by photoelastic analysis stress distribution on short and long implants of two dental implant systems with 2-unit implant-supported fixed partial prostheses of 8 mm and 13 mm heights. Sixteen photoelastic models were divided into 4 groups: I: long implant (5 × 11 mm) (Neodent), II: long implant (5 × 11 mm) (Bicon), III: short implant (5 × 6 mm) (Neodent), and IV: short implants (5 × 6 mm) (Bicon). The models were positioned in a circular polariscope associated with a cell load and static axial (0.5 Kgf) and nonaxial load (15°, 0.5 Kgf) were applied to each group for both prosthetic crown heights. Three-way ANOVA was used to compare the factors implant length, crown height, and implant system (<italic>α</italic>
= 0.05). The results showed that implant length was a statistically significant factor for both axial and nonaxial loading. The 13 mm prosthetic crown did not result in statistically significant differences in stress distribution between the implant systems and implant lengths studied, regardless of load type (<italic>P</italic>
> 0.05). It can be concluded that short implants showed higher stress levels than long implants. Implant system and length was not relevant factors when prosthetic crown height were increased.</p>
</div>
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<pmc article-type="research-article"><pmc-dir>properties open_access</pmc-dir>
<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Int J Dent</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">Int J Dent</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">IJD</journal-id>
<journal-title-group><journal-title>International Journal of Dentistry</journal-title>
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<issn pub-type="ppub">1687-8728</issn>
<issn pub-type="epub">1687-8736</issn>
<publisher><publisher-name>Hindawi Publishing Corporation</publisher-name>
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<article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">25374603</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="pmc">4206919</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1155/2014/206723</article-id>
<article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject>
</subj-group>
</article-categories>
<title-group><article-title>Photoelastic Analysis of Fixed Partial Prosthesis Crown Height and Implant Length on Distribution of Stress in Two Dental Implant Systems</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Figueirêdo</surname>
<given-names>Evandro Portela</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="I1"><sup>1</sup>
</xref>
<xref ref-type="corresp" rid="cor1">*</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Sigua-Rodriguez</surname>
<given-names>Eder Alberto</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="I2"><sup>2</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Pimentel</surname>
<given-names>Marcele Jardim</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="I3"><sup>3</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid" authenticated="false">http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3756-2675</contrib-id>
<name><surname>Oliveira Moreira</surname>
<given-names>Ana Regina</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="I3"><sup>3</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Nóbilo</surname>
<given-names>Mauro Antônio de Arruda</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="I3"><sup>3</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>de Albergaria-Barbosa</surname>
<given-names>José Ricardo</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="I2"><sup>2</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="I1"><sup>1</sup>
Department of Odontology, Unified University Center of Maranhão (UNICEUMA), 65.075-120 São Luís, MA, Brazil</aff>
<aff id="I2"><sup>2</sup>
Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Piracicaba Dental School, P.O. Box 52, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), 13414-903 Piracicaba, SP, Brazil</aff>
<aff id="I3"><sup>3</sup>
Department of Prosthesis and Periodontology, Piracicaba Dental School, P.O. Box 52, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), 13414-903 Piracicaba, SP, Brazil</aff>
<author-notes><corresp id="cor1">*Evandro Portela Figueirêdo: <email>evandroportal@yahoo.com.br</email>
</corresp>
<fn fn-type="other"><p>Academic Editor: Michael E. Razzoog</p>
</fn>
</author-notes>
<pub-date pub-type="ppub"><year>2014</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>8</day>
<month>10</month>
<year>2014</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>2014</volume>
<elocation-id>206723</elocation-id>
<history><date date-type="received"><day>27</day>
<month>7</month>
<year>2014</year>
</date>
<date date-type="accepted"><day>22</day>
<month>9</month>
<year>2014</year>
</date>
</history>
<permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright © 2014 Evandro Portela Figueirêdo et al.</copyright-statement>
<copyright-year>2014</copyright-year>
<license xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/"><license-p>This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.</license-p>
</license>
</permissions>
<abstract><p>The aim of this study was to evaluate by photoelastic analysis stress distribution on short and long implants of two dental implant systems with 2-unit implant-supported fixed partial prostheses of 8 mm and 13 mm heights. Sixteen photoelastic models were divided into 4 groups: I: long implant (5 × 11 mm) (Neodent), II: long implant (5 × 11 mm) (Bicon), III: short implant (5 × 6 mm) (Neodent), and IV: short implants (5 × 6 mm) (Bicon). The models were positioned in a circular polariscope associated with a cell load and static axial (0.5 Kgf) and nonaxial load (15°, 0.5 Kgf) were applied to each group for both prosthetic crown heights. Three-way ANOVA was used to compare the factors implant length, crown height, and implant system (<italic>α</italic>
= 0.05). The results showed that implant length was a statistically significant factor for both axial and nonaxial loading. The 13 mm prosthetic crown did not result in statistically significant differences in stress distribution between the implant systems and implant lengths studied, regardless of load type (<italic>P</italic>
> 0.05). It can be concluded that short implants showed higher stress levels than long implants. Implant system and length was not relevant factors when prosthetic crown height were increased.</p>
</abstract>
</article-meta>
</front>
<floats-group><fig id="fig1" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Figure 1</label>
<caption><p>Implants and prosthetic crowns used in the study: (a) short implant (Bicon), (b) short implant (Neodent), (c) long implant (Bicon), (d) long implant (Neodent), (e) 2-unit implant-supported fixed partial prostheses of 8 mm prosthetic crowns, and (f) 2-unit implant-supported fixed partial prostheses of 13 mm prosthetic crowns.</p>
</caption>
<graphic xlink:href="IJD2014-206723.001"></graphic>
</fig>
<fig id="fig2" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Figure 2</label>
<caption><p>Acrylic matrix with implant.</p>
</caption>
<graphic xlink:href="IJD2014-206723.002"></graphic>
</fig>
<fig id="fig3" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Figure 3</label>
<caption><p>Representation of the points to be analyzed by Fringes software.</p>
</caption>
<graphic xlink:href="IJD2014-206723.003"></graphic>
</fig>
<table-wrap id="tab1" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Table 1</label>
<caption><p>Study design.</p>
</caption>
<table frame="hsides" rules="groups"><thead><tr><th align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Group</th>
<th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Replicas</th>
<th align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Implant characteristic</th>
<th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Load</th>
<th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Crown height (mm)</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody><tr><td align="left" rowspan="4" colspan="1">I</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="4" colspan="1">4</td>
<td align="left" rowspan="4" colspan="1">Neodent implant (long) 5 × 11 mm Titamax CM Cortical</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="2" colspan="1">Axial</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">8</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">13</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="center" rowspan="2" colspan="1">Nonaxial</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">8</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">13</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="center" colspan="5" rowspan="1"><hr></hr>
</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="left" rowspan="4" colspan="1">II </td>
<td align="center" rowspan="4" colspan="1">4</td>
<td align="left" rowspan="4" colspan="1">Bicon implant (long) 5 × 11 mm</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="2" colspan="1">Axial</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">8</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">13</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="center" rowspan="2" colspan="1">Nonaxial</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">8</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">13</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="center" colspan="5" rowspan="1"><hr></hr>
</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="left" rowspan="4" colspan="1">III</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="4" colspan="1">4</td>
<td align="left" rowspan="4" colspan="1">Neodent implant (short) 5 × 6 mm Titamax WS Cortical</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="2" colspan="1">Axial</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">8</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">13</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="center" rowspan="2" colspan="1">Nonaxial</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">8</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">13</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="center" colspan="5" rowspan="1"><hr></hr>
</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="left" rowspan="4" colspan="1">IV</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="4" colspan="1">4</td>
<td align="left" rowspan="4" colspan="1">Bicon implant (short) 5 × 6 mm</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="2" colspan="1">Axial</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">8</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">13</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="center" rowspan="2" colspan="1">Nonaxial</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">8</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">13</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</table-wrap>
<table-wrap id="tab2" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Table 2</label>
<caption><p>Three-way ANOVA for stress distribution under axial loading, based on the factors crown height, implant length, and implant system.</p>
</caption>
<table frame="hsides" rules="groups"><thead><tr><th align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Source of variation</th>
<th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">df</th>
<th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Sum of squares</th>
<th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Mean square</th>
<th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>F</italic>
</th>
<th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>P</italic>
</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Crown</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.665</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.665</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.40</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.538</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Implant length</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">15.103</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">15.103</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">9.08</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.003∗</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">System</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.195</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.195</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.12</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.733</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Crown/implant length</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">6.633</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">6.633</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3.99</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.047∗</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Crown/system</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">8.726</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">8.726</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5.25</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.023∗</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Implant length/system</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">6.358</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">6.358</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3.82</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.052</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Crown/implant length/system</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5.322</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5.322</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3.20</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.075</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table-wrap-foot><fn><p>*Statistically significant difference.</p>
</fn>
</table-wrap-foot>
</table-wrap>
<table-wrap id="tab3" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Table 3</label>
<caption><p>Three-way ANOVA for stress distribution under nonaxial loading, based on the factors crown height, length, and implant system.</p>
</caption>
<table frame="hsides" rules="groups"><thead><tr><th align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Source of variation</th>
<th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">df</th>
<th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Sum of squares</th>
<th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Mean square</th>
<th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>F</italic>
</th>
<th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>P</italic>
</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Crown</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.504</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.504</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.29</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.593</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Implant length</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">19.309</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">19.309</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">10.94</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.001∗</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">System</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.151</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.151</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.65</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.420</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Crown/implant length</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3.715</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3.715</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2.11</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.148</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Crown/system</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">7.859</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">7.859</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">4.45</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.036∗</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Implant length/system</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.888</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.888</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.50</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.479</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Crown/implant length/system</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">6.397</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">6.397</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3.63</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.060</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table-wrap-foot><fn><p>*Statistically significant difference.</p>
</fn>
</table-wrap-foot>
</table-wrap>
<table-wrap id="tab4" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Table 4</label>
<caption><p>Comparison of the study factors implant length and implant system relative to the crown height under axial loading in MPa.</p>
</caption>
<table frame="hsides" rules="groups"><thead><tr><th align="left" rowspan="2" colspan="1">Factor</th>
<th align="center" rowspan="2" colspan="1">Variables</th>
<th align="center" colspan="2" rowspan="1">Prosthetic crown</th>
</tr>
<tr><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">8 mm</th>
<th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">13 mm</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody><tr><td align="left" rowspan="2" colspan="1">Implant length</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Short</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">33.4 ± 16.0<break></break>
Aa</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">28.3 ± 12.2<break></break>
Aa</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Long</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">24.6 ± 12.5<break></break>
Ba</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">26.8 ± 13.4<break></break>
Aa</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="center" colspan="4" rowspan="1"><hr></hr>
</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="left" rowspan="2" colspan="1">System</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Neodent</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">25.7 ± 11.4<break></break>
Aa</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">31.5 ± 16.5<break></break>
Ab</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Bicon</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">26.5 ± 13.0<break></break>
Aa</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">29.4 ± 13.9<break></break>
Aa</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table-wrap-foot><fn><p><italic>Note.</italic>
Different uppercase letters represent statistically significant differences between implant length and between implant systems. Different lowercase letters represent differences between crown heights (Tukey's test; <italic>P</italic>
< 0.05).</p>
</fn>
</table-wrap-foot>
</table-wrap>
<table-wrap id="tab5" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Table 5</label>
<caption><p>Comparison of the study factor implant system relative to the crown height under nonaxial loading in MPa.</p>
</caption>
<table frame="hsides" rules="groups"><thead><tr><th align="left" rowspan="2" colspan="1">System</th>
<th align="center" colspan="2" rowspan="1">Prosthetic crown</th>
</tr>
<tr><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">8 mm</th>
<th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">13 mm</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Neodent</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">31.43 ±15.44<break></break>
Aa</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">28.13 ± 12.66<break></break>
Aa</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Bicon</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">26.18 ± 13.00<break></break>
Ba</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">30.92 ± 14.89<break></break>
Aa</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table-wrap-foot><fn><p><italic>Note.</italic>
Different uppercase letters represent statistically significant differences between implant systems. Different lowercase letters represent differences between crown heights (Tukey's test; <italic>P</italic>
< 0.05).</p>
</fn>
</table-wrap-foot>
</table-wrap>
</floats-group>
</pmc>
<affiliations><list><country><li>Brésil</li>
</country>
<region><li>Maranhão</li>
<li>État de São Paulo</li>
</region>
</list>
<tree><country name="Brésil"><region name="Maranhão"><name sortKey="Figueiredo, Evandro Portela" sort="Figueiredo, Evandro Portela" uniqKey="Figueiredo E" first="Evandro Portela" last="Figueirêdo">Evandro Portela Figueirêdo</name>
</region>
<name sortKey="De Albergaria Barbosa, Jose Ricardo" sort="De Albergaria Barbosa, Jose Ricardo" uniqKey="De Albergaria Barbosa J" first="José Ricardo" last="De Albergaria-Barbosa">José Ricardo De Albergaria-Barbosa</name>
<name sortKey="N Bilo, Mauro Antonio De Arruda" sort="N Bilo, Mauro Antonio De Arruda" uniqKey="N Bilo M" first="Mauro Antônio De Arruda" last="N Bilo">Mauro Antônio De Arruda N Bilo</name>
<name sortKey="Oliveira Moreira, Ana Regina" sort="Oliveira Moreira, Ana Regina" uniqKey="Oliveira Moreira A" first="Ana Regina" last="Oliveira Moreira">Ana Regina Oliveira Moreira</name>
<name sortKey="Pimentel, Marcele Jardim" sort="Pimentel, Marcele Jardim" uniqKey="Pimentel M" first="Marcele Jardim" last="Pimentel">Marcele Jardim Pimentel</name>
<name sortKey="Sigua Rodriguez, Eder Alberto" sort="Sigua Rodriguez, Eder Alberto" uniqKey="Sigua Rodriguez E" first="Eder Alberto" last="Sigua-Rodriguez">Eder Alberto Sigua-Rodriguez</name>
</country>
</tree>
</affiliations>
</record>
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