Oral Hygiene Status of Institutionalised Dependent Elderly in India – a Cross-Sectional Survey
Identifieur interne : 000C21 ( Pmc/Checkpoint ); précédent : 000C20; suivant : 000C22Oral Hygiene Status of Institutionalised Dependent Elderly in India – a Cross-Sectional Survey
Auteurs : Sanjeev Khanagar [Inde] ; S. Naganandini ; Vasuda Rajanna ; Sachin Naik ; Rekha Rao [Inde] ; M S MadhuniranjanswamySource :
- Canadian Geriatrics Journal [ 1925-8348 ] ; 2015.
Abstract
For various reasons, the care demand from elderly people is low and difficult to determine, whereas their oral hygiene status would need urgent care.
To assess the oral hygiene status of institutionalized dependent elderly in Bangalore City, India.
A cross-sectional study of 322 dependent elderly patients was conducted at seven elderly homes of Bangalore City, India. The oral hygiene status recorded includes dental and prosthetic hygiene.
The mean Debris Index and Plaque Index scores of dentate elderly were 2.87±0.22 and 3.17±0.40, respectively, the mean Denture Plaque and Denture Stomatitis scores were 3.15±0.47 and 1.43±0.68, respectively.
The dental hygiene was inadequate. This study emphasizes the care demand and the need for help in oral hygiene procedures for the dependent institutionalized elderly.
Url:
DOI: 10.5770/cgj.18.147
PubMed: 26180560
PubMed Central: 4487736
Affiliations:
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<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Oral Hygiene Status of Institutionalised Dependent Elderly in India – a Cross-Sectional Survey</title><author><name sortKey="Khanagar, Sanjeev" sort="Khanagar, Sanjeev" uniqKey="Khanagar S" first="Sanjeev" last="Khanagar">Sanjeev Khanagar</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af1-cgj-18-51">Department Of Public Health Dentistry, K.V.G Dental College & Hospital Sullia, D.K, Karnataka, India;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Inde</country><wicri:regionArea>Department Of Public Health Dentistry, K.V.G Dental College & Hospital Sullia, D.K, Karnataka</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Karnataka</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Naganandini, S" sort="Naganandini, S" uniqKey="Naganandini S" first="S." last="Naganandini">S. Naganandini</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af2-cgj-18-51">Department Of Public Health Dentistry, NIMS, Jaipur;</nlm:aff><wicri:noCountry code="subfield">Jaipur</wicri:noCountry></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rajanna, Vasuda" sort="Rajanna, Vasuda" uniqKey="Rajanna V" first="Vasuda" last="Rajanna">Vasuda Rajanna</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af3-cgj-18-51">Department Of Public Health Dentistry, The Oxford Dental College, Bangalore;</nlm:aff><wicri:noCountry code="subfield">Bangalore</wicri:noCountry></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Naik, Sachin" sort="Naik, Sachin" uniqKey="Naik S" first="Sachin" last="Naik">Sachin Naik</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af4-cgj-18-51">Department Of Public Health Dentistry, S J M Dental College & Hospital, Chitradurga, Karnataka;</nlm:aff><wicri:noCountry code="subfield">Karnataka</wicri:noCountry></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rao, Rekha" sort="Rao, Rekha" uniqKey="Rao R" first="Rekha" last="Rao">Rekha Rao</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af5-cgj-18-51">Department Of Public Health Dentistry, K.L.E Dental College & Hospital, Bangalore, Karnataka, India</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Inde</country><wicri:regionArea>Department Of Public Health Dentistry, K.L.E Dental College & Hospital, Bangalore, Karnataka</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Karnataka</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Madhuniranjanswamy, M S" sort="Madhuniranjanswamy, M S" uniqKey="Madhuniranjanswamy M" first="M S" last="Madhuniranjanswamy">M S Madhuniranjanswamy</name></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno><idno type="pmid">26180560</idno><idno type="pmc">4487736</idno><idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4487736</idno><idno type="RBID">PMC:4487736</idno><idno type="doi">10.5770/cgj.18.147</idno><date when="2015">2015</date><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Corpus">000259</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PMC">000259</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Curation">000259</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Curation">000259</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Checkpoint">000C21</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Checkpoint">000C21</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">Oral Hygiene Status of Institutionalised Dependent Elderly in India – a Cross-Sectional Survey</title><author><name sortKey="Khanagar, Sanjeev" sort="Khanagar, Sanjeev" uniqKey="Khanagar S" first="Sanjeev" last="Khanagar">Sanjeev Khanagar</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af1-cgj-18-51">Department Of Public Health Dentistry, K.V.G Dental College & Hospital Sullia, D.K, Karnataka, India;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Inde</country><wicri:regionArea>Department Of Public Health Dentistry, K.V.G Dental College & Hospital Sullia, D.K, Karnataka</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Karnataka</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Naganandini, S" sort="Naganandini, S" uniqKey="Naganandini S" first="S." last="Naganandini">S. Naganandini</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af2-cgj-18-51">Department Of Public Health Dentistry, NIMS, Jaipur;</nlm:aff><wicri:noCountry code="subfield">Jaipur</wicri:noCountry></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rajanna, Vasuda" sort="Rajanna, Vasuda" uniqKey="Rajanna V" first="Vasuda" last="Rajanna">Vasuda Rajanna</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af3-cgj-18-51">Department Of Public Health Dentistry, The Oxford Dental College, Bangalore;</nlm:aff><wicri:noCountry code="subfield">Bangalore</wicri:noCountry></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Naik, Sachin" sort="Naik, Sachin" uniqKey="Naik S" first="Sachin" last="Naik">Sachin Naik</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af4-cgj-18-51">Department Of Public Health Dentistry, S J M Dental College & Hospital, Chitradurga, Karnataka;</nlm:aff><wicri:noCountry code="subfield">Karnataka</wicri:noCountry></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rao, Rekha" sort="Rao, Rekha" uniqKey="Rao R" first="Rekha" last="Rao">Rekha Rao</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af5-cgj-18-51">Department Of Public Health Dentistry, K.L.E Dental College & Hospital, Bangalore, Karnataka, India</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Inde</country><wicri:regionArea>Department Of Public Health Dentistry, K.L.E Dental College & Hospital, Bangalore, Karnataka</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Karnataka</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Madhuniranjanswamy, M S" sort="Madhuniranjanswamy, M S" uniqKey="Madhuniranjanswamy M" first="M S" last="Madhuniranjanswamy">M S Madhuniranjanswamy</name></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Canadian Geriatrics Journal</title><idno type="eISSN">1925-8348</idno><imprint><date when="2015">2015</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Background/Introduction</title><p>For various reasons, the care demand from elderly people is low and difficult to determine, whereas their oral hygiene status would need urgent care.</p></sec><sec><title>Objective</title><p>To assess the oral hygiene status of institutionalized dependent elderly in Bangalore City, India.</p></sec><sec><title>Methods</title><p>A cross-sectional study of 322 dependent elderly patients was conducted at seven elderly homes of Bangalore City, India. The oral hygiene status recorded includes dental and prosthetic hygiene.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>The mean Debris Index and Plaque Index scores of dentate elderly were 2.87±0.22 and 3.17±0.40, respectively, the mean Denture Plaque and Denture Stomatitis scores were 3.15±0.47 and 1.43±0.68, respectively.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>The dental hygiene was inadequate. This study emphasizes the care demand and the need for help in oral hygiene procedures for the dependent institutionalized elderly.</p></sec></div></front><back><div1 type="bibliography"><listBibl><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Branca, S" uniqKey="Branca S">S Branca</name></author><author><name sortKey="Bennati, E" uniqKey="Bennati E">E Bennati</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ferlito, L" uniqKey="Ferlito L">L Ferlito</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Rothera, I" uniqKey="Rothera I">I Rothera</name></author><author><name sortKey="Jones, R" uniqKey="Jones R">R Jones</name></author><author><name sortKey="Harwood, R" uniqKey="Harwood R">R Harwood</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Schols, Jm" uniqKey="Schols J">JM Schols</name></author><author><name sortKey="Crebolder, Hfjm" uniqKey="Crebolder H">HFJM Crebolder</name></author><author><name sortKey="Van Weel, C" 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<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Can Geriatr J</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">Can Geriatr J</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title>Canadian Geriatrics Journal</journal-title></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">1925-8348</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Canadian Geriatrics Society</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">26180560</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="pmc">4487736</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.5770/cgj.18.147</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">cgj-18-51</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Original Research</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Oral Hygiene Status of Institutionalised Dependent Elderly in India – a Cross-Sectional Survey</article-title></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Khanagar</surname><given-names>Sanjeev</given-names></name><degrees>M.D.S.</degrees><xref ref-type="aff" rid="af1-cgj-18-51"><sup>1</sup></xref><xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c1-cgj-18-51"></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Naganandini</surname><given-names>S.</given-names></name><degrees>M.D.S.</degrees><xref ref-type="aff" rid="af2-cgj-18-51"><sup>2</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Rajanna</surname><given-names>Vasuda</given-names></name><degrees>M.D.S.</degrees><xref ref-type="aff" rid="af3-cgj-18-51"><sup>3</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Naik</surname><given-names>Sachin</given-names></name><degrees>M.D.S.</degrees><xref ref-type="aff" rid="af4-cgj-18-51"><sup>4</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Rao</surname><given-names>Rekha</given-names></name><degrees>M.D.S.</degrees><xref ref-type="aff" rid="af5-cgj-18-51"><sup>5</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Madhuniranjanswamy</surname><given-names>M S</given-names></name><degrees>M.D.S.6</degrees></contrib></contrib-group><aff id="af1-cgj-18-51"><label>1</label>Department Of Public Health Dentistry, K.V.G Dental College & Hospital Sullia, D.K, Karnataka, India;</aff><aff id="af2-cgj-18-51"><label>2</label>Department Of Public Health Dentistry, NIMS, Jaipur;</aff><aff id="af3-cgj-18-51"><label>3</label>Department Of Public Health Dentistry, The Oxford Dental College, Bangalore;</aff><aff id="af4-cgj-18-51"><label>4</label>Department Of Public Health Dentistry, S J M Dental College & Hospital, Chitradurga, Karnataka;</aff><aff id="af5-cgj-18-51"><label>5</label>Department Of Public Health Dentistry, K.L.E Dental College & Hospital, Bangalore, Karnataka, India</aff><author-notes><corresp id="c1-cgj-18-51">Correspondence to: Sanjeev Khanagar, <sc>m.d.s.</sc>, Department of Public Health Dentistry, Kurunji Venkataramana Gowda Dental College and Hospital Sullia, D.K Mangalore, Karnataka, Pin – 574327, India, E-mail: <email>sanjeev.khanagar76@gmail.com</email></corresp></author-notes><pub-date pub-type="collection"><month>6</month><year>2015</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>30</day><month>6</month><year>2015</year></pub-date><volume>18</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>51</fpage><lpage>56</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>© 2015 Author(s). Published by the Canadian Geriatrics Society.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2015</copyright-year><license><license-p>This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial No-Derivative license (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/2.5/ca/">http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/2.5/ca/</ext-link>), which permits unrestricted non-commercial use and distribution, provided the original work is properly cited.</license-p></license></permissions><abstract><sec><title>Background/Introduction</title><p>For various reasons, the care demand from elderly people is low and difficult to determine, whereas their oral hygiene status would need urgent care.</p></sec><sec><title>Objective</title><p>To assess the oral hygiene status of institutionalized dependent elderly in Bangalore City, India.</p></sec><sec><title>Methods</title><p>A cross-sectional study of 322 dependent elderly patients was conducted at seven elderly homes of Bangalore City, India. The oral hygiene status recorded includes dental and prosthetic hygiene.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>The mean Debris Index and Plaque Index scores of dentate elderly were 2.87±0.22 and 3.17±0.40, respectively, the mean Denture Plaque and Denture Stomatitis scores were 3.15±0.47 and 1.43±0.68, respectively.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>The dental hygiene was inadequate. This study emphasizes the care demand and the need for help in oral hygiene procedures for the dependent institutionalized elderly.</p></sec></abstract><kwd-group><kwd>dependent elderly</kwd><kwd>institutionalized elderly oral health</kwd><kwd>elderly oral hygiene status</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><floats-group><table-wrap id="t1-cgj-18-51" position="float"><label>TABLE 1.</label><caption><p>Distribution of dependent elderly residents according to age</p></caption><table frame="hsides" rules="groups"><thead><tr><th valign="middle" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Age</italic></th><th valign="middle" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>n</italic></th><th valign="middle" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>%</italic></th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">65–70</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">103</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">31.98</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">71–80</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">129</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">40.06</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">81–90</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">85</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">26.39</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">> 90</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.55</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Total</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">322</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">100</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Mean ± SD</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">76.98±7.33</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr></tbody></table></table-wrap><table-wrap id="t2-cgj-18-51" position="float"><label>TABLE 2.</label><caption><p>Distribution of dependent elderly residents according to gender</p></caption><table frame="hsides" rules="groups"><thead><tr><th valign="middle" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Gender</italic></th><th valign="middle" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>n</italic></th><th valign="middle" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>%</italic></th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Male</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">88</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">27.32</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Female</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">234</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">72.67</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Total</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">322</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">100.0</td></tr></tbody></table></table-wrap><table-wrap id="t3-cgj-18-51" position="float"><label>TABLE 3.</label><caption><p>Dependency score of elderly residents according to using Barthel Index</p></caption><table frame="hsides" rules="groups"><thead><tr><th valign="middle" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Index</italic></th><th valign="middle" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Mean Score</italic></th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td valign="middle" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Barthel Index</td><td valign="middle" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">20.94±8.76</td></tr></tbody></table></table-wrap><table-wrap id="t4-cgj-18-51" position="float"><label>TABLE 4.</label><caption><p>Distribution of dependent elderly residents according to their dentition status</p></caption><table frame="hsides" rules="groups"><thead><tr><th valign="middle" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></th><th valign="middle" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>n</italic></th><th valign="middle" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>%</italic></th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Dentate</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">197</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">61.18</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Denture wearers</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">125</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">38.82</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Total</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">322</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">100.0</td></tr></tbody></table></table-wrap><table-wrap id="t5-cgj-18-51" position="float"><label>TABLE 5.</label><caption><p>Debris Index score of dentate elderly residents</p></caption><table frame="hsides" rules="groups"><thead><tr><th valign="middle" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Index</italic></th><th valign="middle" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Mean Score</italic></th><th valign="middle" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Index Score</italic></th><th valign="middle" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Interpretation</italic></th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Debris</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2.87±0.22</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0–0.6</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">good</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.7–1.8</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">fair</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.9–3.0</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">poor</td></tr></tbody></table></table-wrap><table-wrap id="t6-cgj-18-51" position="float"><label>TABLE 6.</label><caption><p>Plaque Index score of dentate elderly residents</p></caption><table frame="hsides" rules="groups"><thead><tr><th valign="middle" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Index</italic></th><th valign="middle" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Mean Score</italic></th><th valign="middle" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Index Score</italic></th><th valign="middle" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Interpretation</italic></th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Plaque</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3.17±0.40</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0–1</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">low</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2 or more</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">high</td></tr></tbody></table></table-wrap><table-wrap id="t7-cgj-18-51" position="float"><label>TABLE 7.</label><caption><p>Denture plaque score of denture-wearing elderly residents</p></caption><table frame="hsides" rules="groups"><thead><tr><th valign="middle" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Index</italic></th><th valign="middle" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Mean Score</italic></th><th valign="middle" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Index Score</italic></th><th valign="middle" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Interpretation</italic></th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Denture Plaque</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3.15±0.47</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">No plaque</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Light plaque</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Moderate plaque</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Heavy plaque</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">4</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Very heavy plaque</td></tr></tbody></table></table-wrap><table-wrap id="t8-cgj-18-51" position="float"><label>TABLE 8.</label><caption><p>Denture stomatitis score of denture-wearing elderly residents</p></caption><table frame="hsides" rules="groups"><thead><tr><th valign="middle" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Index</italic></th><th valign="middle" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Mean Score</italic></th><th valign="middle" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Index Score</italic></th><th valign="middle" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Interpretation</italic></th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Denture Stomatitis</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.43±0.68</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Stomatitis not present</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Pin-point erythema</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Diffuse erythema</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Inflammatory papillary hyperplasia</td></tr></tbody></table></table-wrap></floats-group></pmc><affiliations><list><country><li>Inde</li></country></list><tree><noCountry><name sortKey="Madhuniranjanswamy, M S" sort="Madhuniranjanswamy, M S" uniqKey="Madhuniranjanswamy M" first="M S" last="Madhuniranjanswamy">M S Madhuniranjanswamy</name><name sortKey="Naganandini, S" sort="Naganandini, S" uniqKey="Naganandini S" first="S." last="Naganandini">S. Naganandini</name><name sortKey="Naik, Sachin" sort="Naik, Sachin" uniqKey="Naik S" first="Sachin" last="Naik">Sachin Naik</name><name sortKey="Rajanna, Vasuda" sort="Rajanna, Vasuda" uniqKey="Rajanna V" first="Vasuda" last="Rajanna">Vasuda Rajanna</name></noCountry><country name="Inde"><noRegion><name sortKey="Khanagar, Sanjeev" sort="Khanagar, Sanjeev" uniqKey="Khanagar S" first="Sanjeev" last="Khanagar">Sanjeev Khanagar</name></noRegion><name sortKey="Rao, Rekha" sort="Rao, Rekha" uniqKey="Rao R" first="Rekha" last="Rao">Rekha Rao</name></country></tree></affiliations></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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