A two-short-implant-supported molar restoration in atrophic posterior maxilla: A finite element analysis
Identifieur interne : 000916 ( Pmc/Checkpoint ); précédent : 000915; suivant : 000917A two-short-implant-supported molar restoration in atrophic posterior maxilla: A finite element analysis
Auteurs : Ho-Yong Song [Corée du Sud] ; Yoon-Hyuk Huh [Corée du Sud] ; Chan-Jin Park [Corée du Sud] ; Lee-Ra Cho [Corée du Sud]Source :
- The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics [ 2005-7806 ] ; 2016.
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the stress distribution of 2-short implants (2SIs) installed in a severely atrophic maxillary molar site.
Three different diameters of internal connection implants were modeled: narrow platform (NP), regular platform (RP), and wide platform (WP). The maxillary first molars were restored with one implant or two short implants. Three 2SI models (NP-oblique, NP-vertical, and NP-horizontal) and four single implant models (RP and WP in a centered or cantilevered position) were used. Axial and oblique loadings were applied on the occlusal surface of the crown. The von Mises stress values were measured at the bone-implant, peri-implant bone, and implant/abutment complex.
The highest stress distribution at the bone-implant interface and the peri-implant bone was noticed in the RP group, and the lowest stress distribution was observed in the 2SI groups. Cantilevered position showed unfavorable stress distribution with axial loading. 2SI types did not affect the stress distribution in oblique loading. The number and installation positions of the implant, rather than the bone level, influenced the stress distribution of 2SIs. The implant/abutment complex of WP presented the highest stress concentration while that of 2SIs showed the lowest stress concentration.
2SIs may be useful for achieving stable stress distribution on the surrounding bone and implant-abutment complex in the atrophic posterior maxilla.
Url:
DOI: 10.4047/jap.2016.8.4.304
PubMed: 27555900
PubMed Central: 4993844
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<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">A two-short-implant-supported molar restoration in atrophic posterior maxilla: A finite element analysis</title><author><name sortKey="Song, Ho Yong" sort="Song, Ho Yong" uniqKey="Song H" first="Ho-Yong" last="Song">Ho-Yong Song</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A1">Department of Prosthodontics and Research Institute of Oral Science, College of Dentistry, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung, Republic of Korea.</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">Corée du Sud</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Prosthodontics and Research Institute of Oral Science, College of Dentistry, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Gangneung</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A2">Ye-Dental Clinic, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea.</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">Corée du Sud</country><wicri:regionArea>Ye-Dental Clinic, Chuncheon</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Chuncheon</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Huh, Yoon Hyuk" sort="Huh, Yoon Hyuk" uniqKey="Huh Y" first="Yoon-Hyuk" last="Huh">Yoon-Hyuk Huh</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A1">Department of Prosthodontics and Research Institute of Oral Science, College of Dentistry, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung, Republic of Korea.</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">Corée du Sud</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Prosthodontics and Research Institute of Oral Science, College of Dentistry, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Gangneung</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Park, Chan Jin" sort="Park, Chan Jin" uniqKey="Park C" first="Chan-Jin" last="Park">Chan-Jin Park</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A1">Department of Prosthodontics and Research Institute of Oral Science, College of Dentistry, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung, Republic of Korea.</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">Corée du Sud</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Prosthodontics and Research Institute of Oral Science, College of Dentistry, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Gangneung</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Cho, Lee Ra" sort="Cho, Lee Ra" uniqKey="Cho L" first="Lee-Ra" last="Cho">Lee-Ra Cho</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A1">Department of Prosthodontics and Research Institute of Oral Science, College of Dentistry, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung, Republic of Korea.</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">Corée du Sud</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Prosthodontics and Research Institute of Oral Science, College of Dentistry, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Gangneung</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno><idno type="pmid">27555900</idno><idno type="pmc">4993844</idno><idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4993844</idno><idno type="RBID">PMC:4993844</idno><idno type="doi">10.4047/jap.2016.8.4.304</idno><date when="2016">2016</date><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Corpus">002F12</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PMC">002F12</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Curation">002F12</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Curation">002F12</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Checkpoint">000916</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Checkpoint">000916</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">A two-short-implant-supported molar restoration in atrophic posterior maxilla: A finite element analysis</title><author><name sortKey="Song, Ho Yong" sort="Song, Ho Yong" uniqKey="Song H" first="Ho-Yong" last="Song">Ho-Yong Song</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A1">Department of Prosthodontics and Research Institute of Oral Science, College of Dentistry, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung, Republic of Korea.</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">Corée du Sud</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Prosthodontics and Research Institute of Oral Science, College of Dentistry, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Gangneung</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A2">Ye-Dental Clinic, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea.</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">Corée du Sud</country><wicri:regionArea>Ye-Dental Clinic, Chuncheon</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Chuncheon</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Huh, Yoon Hyuk" sort="Huh, Yoon Hyuk" uniqKey="Huh Y" first="Yoon-Hyuk" last="Huh">Yoon-Hyuk Huh</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A1">Department of Prosthodontics and Research Institute of Oral Science, College of Dentistry, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung, Republic of Korea.</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">Corée du Sud</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Prosthodontics and Research Institute of Oral Science, College of Dentistry, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Gangneung</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Park, Chan Jin" sort="Park, Chan Jin" uniqKey="Park C" first="Chan-Jin" last="Park">Chan-Jin Park</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A1">Department of Prosthodontics and Research Institute of Oral Science, College of Dentistry, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung, Republic of Korea.</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">Corée du Sud</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Prosthodontics and Research Institute of Oral Science, College of Dentistry, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Gangneung</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Cho, Lee Ra" sort="Cho, Lee Ra" uniqKey="Cho L" first="Lee-Ra" last="Cho">Lee-Ra Cho</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A1">Department of Prosthodontics and Research Institute of Oral Science, College of Dentistry, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung, Republic of Korea.</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">Corée du Sud</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Prosthodontics and Research Institute of Oral Science, College of Dentistry, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Gangneung</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics</title><idno type="ISSN">2005-7806</idno><idno type="eISSN">2005-7814</idno><imprint><date when="2016">2016</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><sec><title>PURPOSE</title><p>The aim of this study was to investigate the stress distribution of 2-short implants (2SIs) installed in a severely atrophic maxillary molar site.</p></sec><sec><title>MATERIALS AND METHODS</title><p>Three different diameters of internal connection implants were modeled: narrow platform (NP), regular platform (RP), and wide platform (WP). The maxillary first molars were restored with one implant or two short implants. Three 2SI models (NP-oblique, NP-vertical, and NP-horizontal) and four single implant models (RP and WP in a centered or cantilevered position) were used. Axial and oblique loadings were applied on the occlusal surface of the crown. The von Mises stress values were measured at the bone-implant, peri-implant bone, and implant/abutment complex.</p></sec><sec><title>RESULTS</title><p>The highest stress distribution at the bone-implant interface and the peri-implant bone was noticed in the RP group, and the lowest stress distribution was observed in the 2SI groups. Cantilevered position showed unfavorable stress distribution with axial loading. 2SI types did not affect the stress distribution in oblique loading. The number and installation positions of the implant, rather than the bone level, influenced the stress distribution of 2SIs. The implant/abutment complex of WP presented the highest stress concentration while that of 2SIs showed the lowest stress concentration.</p></sec><sec><title>CONCLUSION</title><p>2SIs may be useful for achieving stable stress distribution on the surrounding bone and implant-abutment complex in the atrophic posterior maxilla.</p></sec></div></front><back><div1 type="bibliography"><listBibl><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Buser, D" uniqKey="Buser D">D Buser</name></author><author><name sortKey="Mericske Stern, R" uniqKey="Mericske Stern R">R Mericske-Stern</name></author><author><name sortKey="Bernard, Jp" uniqKey="Bernard J">JP Bernard</name></author><author><name sortKey="Behneke, A" uniqKey="Behneke A">A Behneke</name></author><author><name sortKey="Behneke, N" uniqKey="Behneke N">N Behneke</name></author><author><name sortKey="Hirt, Hp" uniqKey="Hirt H">HP Hirt</name></author><author><name sortKey="Belser, Uc" uniqKey="Belser U">UC Belser</name></author><author><name 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<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">J Adv Prosthodont</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">J Adv Prosthodont</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">JAP</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title>The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics</journal-title></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2005-7806</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2005-7814</issn><publisher><publisher-name>The Korean Academy of Prosthodontics</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">27555900</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="pmc">4993844</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.4047/jap.2016.8.4.304</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Original Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>A two-short-implant-supported molar restoration in atrophic posterior maxilla: A finite element analysis</article-title></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid" authenticated="true">http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5527-7635</contrib-id><name><surname>Song</surname><given-names>Ho-Yong</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A1">1</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A2">2</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid" authenticated="true">http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4072-5199</contrib-id><name><surname>Huh</surname><given-names>Yoon-Hyuk</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A1">1</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid" authenticated="true">http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4734-214X</contrib-id><name><surname>Park</surname><given-names>Chan-Jin</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A1">1</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid" authenticated="true">http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3989-2870</contrib-id><name><surname>Cho</surname><given-names>Lee-Ra</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A1">1</xref></contrib></contrib-group><aff id="A1"><label>1</label>Department of Prosthodontics and Research Institute of Oral Science, College of Dentistry, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung, Republic of Korea.</aff><aff id="A2"><label>2</label>Ye-Dental Clinic, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea.</aff><author-notes><corresp>Corresponding author: Lee-Ra Cho. Department of Prosthodontics and Research Institute of Oral Science, College of Dentistry, Gangneung-Wonju National University, 7 Jukheon-gil, Gangneung, Gangwondo 25457, Republic of Korea. Tel. +82336403153: <email>lila@gwnu.ac.kr</email></corresp></author-notes><pub-date pub-type="ppub"><month>8</month><year>2016</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>18</day><month>8</month><year>2016</year></pub-date><volume>8</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>304</fpage><lpage>312</lpage><history><date date-type="received"><day>23</day><month>12</month><year>2015</year></date><date date-type="rev-recd"><day>14</day><month>3</month><year>2016</year></date><date date-type="accepted"><day>30</day><month>5</month><year>2016</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement>© 2016 The Korean Academy of Prosthodontics</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2016</copyright-year><license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/"><license-p>This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/">http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/</ext-link>) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.</license-p></license></permissions><abstract><sec><title>PURPOSE</title><p>The aim of this study was to investigate the stress distribution of 2-short implants (2SIs) installed in a severely atrophic maxillary molar site.</p></sec><sec><title>MATERIALS AND METHODS</title><p>Three different diameters of internal connection implants were modeled: narrow platform (NP), regular platform (RP), and wide platform (WP). The maxillary first molars were restored with one implant or two short implants. Three 2SI models (NP-oblique, NP-vertical, and NP-horizontal) and four single implant models (RP and WP in a centered or cantilevered position) were used. Axial and oblique loadings were applied on the occlusal surface of the crown. The von Mises stress values were measured at the bone-implant, peri-implant bone, and implant/abutment complex.</p></sec><sec><title>RESULTS</title><p>The highest stress distribution at the bone-implant interface and the peri-implant bone was noticed in the RP group, and the lowest stress distribution was observed in the 2SI groups. Cantilevered position showed unfavorable stress distribution with axial loading. 2SI types did not affect the stress distribution in oblique loading. The number and installation positions of the implant, rather than the bone level, influenced the stress distribution of 2SIs. The implant/abutment complex of WP presented the highest stress concentration while that of 2SIs showed the lowest stress concentration.</p></sec><sec><title>CONCLUSION</title><p>2SIs may be useful for achieving stable stress distribution on the surrounding bone and implant-abutment complex in the atrophic posterior maxilla.</p></sec></abstract><kwd-group><kwd>Bone level</kwd><kwd>Finite element analysis</kwd><kwd>Implant diameter</kwd><kwd>Short implant</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><floats-group><fig id="F1" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Fig. 1</label><caption><title>Two short implants (2SI) supporting single molar restoration in atrophic posterior maxilla. (A) Buccal and palatal positioned implants, (B) Customized abutment on 2SI, (C) Definitive single crown, (D) Panoramic radiographs of 2SI.</title></caption><graphic xlink:href="jap-8-304-g001"></graphic></fig><fig id="F2" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Fig. 2</label><caption><title>Schematic diagram of implant inserted in maxillary first molar area. (A) Buccal view, (B) Mesial view.</title></caption><graphic xlink:href="jap-8-304-g002"></graphic></fig><fig id="F3" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Fig. 3</label><caption><title>Configurations of models. (A) NP-oblique, (B) NP-vertical, (C) NP-horizontal, (D) RP-cantilever, (E) WP-cantilever, (F) RP-center, (G) WP-center.</title></caption><graphic xlink:href="jap-8-304-g003"></graphic></fig><fig id="F4" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Fig. 4</label><caption><title>von Mises stress distribution in three conditions of 2SIs under axial loading. (A) Stress distribution at implant-bone interface of buccal position implant, (B) Stress distribution at implant-bone interface of palatal position implant, (C) Stress distribution at peri-implant bone, (D) Stress distribution at implant-abutment complex.</title></caption><graphic xlink:href="jap-8-304-g004"></graphic></fig><fig id="F5" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Fig. 5</label><caption><title>von Mises stress distribution in three conditions of 2SIs implants under oblique loading. (A) Stress distribution at implant-bone interface of buccal position implant, (B) Stress distribution at implant-bone interface of palatal position implant, (C) Stress distribution at peri-implant bone, (D) Stress distribution at implant-abutment complex.</title></caption><graphic xlink:href="jap-8-304-g005"></graphic></fig><fig id="F6" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Fig. 6</label><caption><title>von Mises stress distribution in four conditions of single implants under axial loading. (A) Stress distribution at implant-bone interface of implant, (B) Stress distribution at peri-implant bone, (C) Stress distribution at implant-abutment complex. Left: RP implant, Right: WP implant.</title></caption><graphic xlink:href="jap-8-304-g006"></graphic></fig><fig id="F7" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Fig. 7</label><caption><title>von Mises stress distribution in four conditions of single implants under oblique loading. (A) Stress distribution at implant-bone interface of implant, (B) Stress distribution at peri-implant bone, (C) Stress distribution at implant-abutment complex. Left: RP implant, Right: WP implant.</title></caption><graphic xlink:href="jap-8-304-g007"></graphic></fig><fig id="F8" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Fig. 8</label><caption><title>von Mises stress distribution by the bone conditions (stepped and flat bone) under axial loading. (A) Stress distribution at implant-bone interface of implants in stepped bone condition, (B) Stress distribution at peri-implant bone in stepped bone condition, (C) Stress distribution at implant-bone interface of implants in flat bone condition, (D) Stress distribution at peri-implant bone in flat bone condition.</title></caption><graphic xlink:href="jap-8-304-g008"></graphic></fig><fig id="F9" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Fig. 9</label><caption><title>von Mises stress distribution by the bone conditions (stepped and flat bone) under oblique loading. (A) Stress distribution at implant-bone interface of implants in stepped bone condition, (B) Stress distribution at peri-implant bone in stepped bone condition, (C) Stress distribution at implant-bone interface of implants in flat bone condition, (D) Stress distribution at peri-implant bone in flat bone condition.</title></caption><graphic xlink:href="jap-8-304-g009"></graphic></fig><table-wrap id="T1" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Table 1</label><caption><title>Mechanical properties used in the FEA</title></caption><alternatives><graphic xlink:href="jap-8-304-i001"></graphic><table frame="hsides" rules="rows"><col width="35%" span="1"></col><col width="35%" span="1"></col><col width="30%" span="1"></col><thead><tr><th valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Material</th><th valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Young's modulus (in MPa)</th><th valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Poisson's ratio</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Cancellous bone</td><td valign="top" align="right" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1,370</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.3</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Cortical bone</td><td valign="top" align="right" rowspan="1" colspan="1">13,700</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.3</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Titanium alloy</td><td valign="top" align="right" rowspan="1" colspan="1">110,000</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.33</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Gold alloy</td><td valign="top" align="right" rowspan="1" colspan="1">91,000</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.33</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Cement (resin)</td><td valign="top" align="right" rowspan="1" colspan="1">6,000</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.36</td></tr></tbody></table></alternatives></table-wrap><table-wrap id="T2" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Table 2</label><caption><title>Total number of elements and nodes</title></caption><alternatives><graphic xlink:href="jap-8-304-i002"></graphic><table frame="hsides" rules="rows"><col width="30%" span="1"></col><col width="35%" span="1"></col><col width="35%" span="1"></col><thead><tr><th valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></th><th valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Number of element</th><th valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Number of node</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">NP oblique</td><td valign="top" align="right" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1,240,808</td><td valign="top" align="right" rowspan="1" colspan="1">238,372</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">NP vertical</td><td valign="top" align="right" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1,113,908</td><td valign="top" align="right" rowspan="1" colspan="1">230,852</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">NP Horizontal</td><td valign="top" align="right" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1,109,082</td><td valign="top" align="right" rowspan="1" colspan="1">215,767</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">RP-center</td><td valign="top" align="right" rowspan="1" colspan="1">709,186</td><td valign="top" align="right" rowspan="1" colspan="1">136,521</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">WP-center</td><td valign="top" align="right" rowspan="1" colspan="1">854,186</td><td valign="top" align="right" rowspan="1" colspan="1">161,187</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">RP-cantilever</td><td valign="top" align="right" rowspan="1" colspan="1">696,922</td><td valign="top" align="right" rowspan="1" colspan="1">135,186</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">WP-cantilever</td><td valign="top" align="right" rowspan="1" colspan="1">668,311</td><td valign="top" align="right" rowspan="1" colspan="1">129,649</td></tr></tbody></table></alternatives></table-wrap></floats-group></pmc><affiliations><list><country><li>Corée du Sud</li></country></list><tree><country name="Corée du Sud"><noRegion><name sortKey="Song, Ho Yong" sort="Song, Ho Yong" uniqKey="Song H" first="Ho-Yong" last="Song">Ho-Yong Song</name></noRegion><name sortKey="Cho, Lee Ra" sort="Cho, Lee Ra" uniqKey="Cho L" first="Lee-Ra" last="Cho">Lee-Ra Cho</name><name sortKey="Huh, Yoon Hyuk" sort="Huh, Yoon Hyuk" uniqKey="Huh Y" first="Yoon-Hyuk" last="Huh">Yoon-Hyuk Huh</name><name sortKey="Park, Chan Jin" sort="Park, Chan Jin" uniqKey="Park C" first="Chan-Jin" last="Park">Chan-Jin Park</name><name sortKey="Song, Ho Yong" sort="Song, Ho Yong" uniqKey="Song H" first="Ho-Yong" last="Song">Ho-Yong Song</name></country></tree></affiliations></record>Pour manipuler ce 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