Transcription Factors Efg1 and Bcr1 Regulate Biofilm Formation and Virulence during Candida albicans-Associated Denture Stomatitis
Identifieur interne : 000382 ( Pmc/Checkpoint ); précédent : 000381; suivant : 000383Transcription Factors Efg1 and Bcr1 Regulate Biofilm Formation and Virulence during Candida albicans-Associated Denture Stomatitis
Auteurs : Junko Yano [États-Unis] ; Alika Yu [États-Unis] ; Paul L. Fidel [États-Unis] ; Mairi C. Noverr [États-Unis]Source :
- PLoS ONE [ 1932-6203 ] ; 2016.
Abstract
Denture stomatitis (DS) is characterized by inflammation of the oral mucosa in direct contact with dentures and affects a significant number of otherwise healthy denture wearers. The disease is caused by
Url:
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0159692
PubMed: 27453977
PubMed Central: 4959791
Affiliations:
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<sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">Transcription Factors Efg1 and Bcr1 Regulate Biofilm Formation and Virulence during <italic>Candida albicans</italic>
-Associated Denture Stomatitis</title>
<author><name sortKey="Yano, Junko" sort="Yano, Junko" uniqKey="Yano J" first="Junko" last="Yano">Junko Yano</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff001"><addr-line>Department of Oral and Craniofacial Biology, Dental School, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Oral and Craniofacial Biology, Dental School, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Louisiane</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Yu, Alika" sort="Yu, Alika" uniqKey="Yu A" first="Alika" last="Yu">Alika Yu</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff002"><addr-line>Department of Prosthodontics, Dental School, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Prosthodontics, Dental School, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Louisiane</region>
</placeName>
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<author><name sortKey="Fidel, Paul L" sort="Fidel, Paul L" uniqKey="Fidel P" first="Paul L." last="Fidel">Paul L. Fidel</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff001"><addr-line>Department of Oral and Craniofacial Biology, Dental School, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America</addr-line>
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<wicri:regionArea>Department of Oral and Craniofacial Biology, Dental School, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Louisiane</region>
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<author><name sortKey="Noverr, Mairi C" sort="Noverr, Mairi C" uniqKey="Noverr M" first="Mairi C." last="Noverr">Mairi C. Noverr</name>
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<wicri:regionArea>Department of Oral and Craniofacial Biology, Dental School, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Louisiane</region>
</placeName>
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<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff002"><addr-line>Department of Prosthodontics, Dental School, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Prosthodontics, Dental School, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Louisiane</region>
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<front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p>Denture stomatitis (DS) is characterized by inflammation of the oral mucosa in direct contact with dentures and affects a significant number of otherwise healthy denture wearers. The disease is caused by <italic>Candida albicans</italic>
, which readily colonizes and form biofilms on denture materials. While evidence for biofilms on abiotic and biotic surfaces initiating <italic>Candida</italic>
infections is accumulating, a role for biofilms in DS remains unclear. Using an established model of DS in immunocompetent animals, the purpose of this study was to determine the role of biofilm formation in mucosal damage during pathogenesis using <italic>C</italic>
. <italic>albicans</italic>
or mutants defective in morphogenesis (<italic>efg1</italic>
<sup><italic>-/-</italic>
</sup>
) or biofilm formation (<italic>bcr1</italic>
<sup><italic>-/-</italic>
</sup>
<italic>)</italic>
. For <italic>in vivo</italic>
analyses, rats fitted with custom dentures, consisting of fixed and removable parts, were inoculated with wild-type <italic>C</italic>
. <italic>albicans</italic>
, mutants or reconstituted strains and monitored weekly for fungal burden (denture and palate), body weight and tissue damage (LDH) for up to 8 weeks. <italic>C</italic>
. <italic>albicans</italic>
wild-type and reconstituted mutants formed biofilms on dentures and palatal tissues under <italic>in vitro</italic>
, <italic>ex vivo</italic>
and <italic>in vivo</italic>
conditions as indicated by microscopy demonstrating robust biofilm architecture and extracellular matrix (ECM). In contrast, both <italic>efg1</italic>
<sup><italic>-/-</italic>
</sup>
and <italic>bcr1</italic>
<sup><italic>-/-</italic>
</sup>
mutants exhibited poor biofilm growth with little to no ECM. In addition, quantification of fungal burden showed reduced colonization throughout the infection period on dentures and palates of rats inoculated with <italic>efg1</italic>
<sup><italic>-/-</italic>
</sup>
, but not <italic>bcr1</italic>
<sup>-/-</sup>
, compared to controls. Finally, rats inoculated with <italic>efg1</italic>
<sup><italic>-/-</italic>
</sup>
and <italic>bcr1</italic>
<sup><italic>-/-</italic>
</sup>
mutants had minimal palatal tissue damage/weight loss while those inoculated with wild-type or reconstituted mutants showed evidence of tissue damage and exhibited stunted weight gain. These data suggest that biofilm formation is associated with tissue damage during DS and that Efg1 and Bcr1, both central regulators of virulence in <italic>C</italic>
. <italic>albicans</italic>
, have pivotal roles in pathogenesis of DS.</p>
</div>
</front>
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<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">PLoS One</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">PLoS ONE</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">plos</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="pmc">plosone</journal-id>
<journal-title-group><journal-title>PLoS ONE</journal-title>
</journal-title-group>
<issn pub-type="epub">1932-6203</issn>
<publisher><publisher-name>Public Library of Science</publisher-name>
<publisher-loc>San Francisco, CA USA</publisher-loc>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">27453977</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="pmc">4959791</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1371/journal.pone.0159692</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">PONE-D-16-13338</article-id>
<article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject>
</subj-group>
<subj-group subj-group-type="Discipline-v3"><subject>Biology and Life Sciences</subject>
<subj-group><subject>Microbiology</subject>
<subj-group><subject>Biofilms</subject>
</subj-group>
</subj-group>
</subj-group>
<subj-group subj-group-type="Discipline-v3"><subject>Biology and Life Sciences</subject>
<subj-group><subject>Organisms</subject>
<subj-group><subject>Fungi</subject>
<subj-group><subject>Yeast</subject>
<subj-group><subject>Candida</subject>
<subj-group><subject>Candida Albicans</subject>
</subj-group>
</subj-group>
</subj-group>
</subj-group>
</subj-group>
</subj-group>
<subj-group subj-group-type="Discipline-v3"><subject>Biology and Life Sciences</subject>
<subj-group><subject>Microbiology</subject>
<subj-group><subject>Medical Microbiology</subject>
<subj-group><subject>Microbial Pathogens</subject>
<subj-group><subject>Fungal Pathogens</subject>
<subj-group><subject>Candida Albicans</subject>
</subj-group>
</subj-group>
</subj-group>
</subj-group>
</subj-group>
</subj-group>
<subj-group subj-group-type="Discipline-v3"><subject>Medicine and Health Sciences</subject>
<subj-group><subject>Pathology and Laboratory Medicine</subject>
<subj-group><subject>Pathogens</subject>
<subj-group><subject>Microbial Pathogens</subject>
<subj-group><subject>Fungal Pathogens</subject>
<subj-group><subject>Candida Albicans</subject>
</subj-group>
</subj-group>
</subj-group>
</subj-group>
</subj-group>
</subj-group>
<subj-group subj-group-type="Discipline-v3"><subject>Biology and Life Sciences</subject>
<subj-group><subject>Mycology</subject>
<subj-group><subject>Fungal Pathogens</subject>
<subj-group><subject>Candida Albicans</subject>
</subj-group>
</subj-group>
</subj-group>
</subj-group>
<subj-group subj-group-type="Discipline-v3"><subject>Research and Analysis Methods</subject>
<subj-group><subject>Model Organisms</subject>
<subj-group><subject>Yeast and Fungal Models</subject>
<subj-group><subject>Candida Albicans</subject>
</subj-group>
</subj-group>
</subj-group>
</subj-group>
<subj-group subj-group-type="Discipline-v3"><subject>Biology and Life Sciences</subject>
<subj-group><subject>Anatomy</subject>
<subj-group><subject>Digestive System</subject>
<subj-group><subject>Mouth</subject>
<subj-group><subject>Palate</subject>
</subj-group>
</subj-group>
</subj-group>
</subj-group>
</subj-group>
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<subj-group><subject>Anatomy</subject>
<subj-group><subject>Digestive System</subject>
<subj-group><subject>Mouth</subject>
<subj-group><subject>Palate</subject>
</subj-group>
</subj-group>
</subj-group>
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</subj-group>
<subj-group subj-group-type="Discipline-v3"><subject>Research and Analysis Methods</subject>
<subj-group><subject>Specimen Preparation and Treatment</subject>
<subj-group><subject>Staining</subject>
</subj-group>
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</subj-group>
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<subj-group><subject>Specimen Preparation and Treatment</subject>
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<subj-group><subject>Cell Staining</subject>
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<subj-group><subject>Cellular Structures and Organelles</subject>
<subj-group><subject>Cell Walls</subject>
</subj-group>
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<subj-group subj-group-type="Discipline-v3"><subject>Biology and Life Sciences</subject>
<subj-group><subject>Anatomy</subject>
<subj-group><subject>Body Fluids</subject>
<subj-group><subject>Saliva</subject>
</subj-group>
</subj-group>
</subj-group>
</subj-group>
<subj-group subj-group-type="Discipline-v3"><subject>Medicine and Health Sciences</subject>
<subj-group><subject>Anatomy</subject>
<subj-group><subject>Body Fluids</subject>
<subj-group><subject>Saliva</subject>
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<subj-group subj-group-type="Discipline-v3"><subject>Biology and Life Sciences</subject>
<subj-group><subject>Physiology</subject>
<subj-group><subject>Body Fluids</subject>
<subj-group><subject>Saliva</subject>
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<subj-group><subject>Physiology</subject>
<subj-group><subject>Body Fluids</subject>
<subj-group><subject>Saliva</subject>
</subj-group>
</subj-group>
</subj-group>
</subj-group>
<subj-group subj-group-type="Discipline-v3"><subject>Medicine and Health Sciences</subject>
<subj-group><subject>Pathology and Laboratory Medicine</subject>
<subj-group><subject>Pathogens</subject>
<subj-group><subject>Virulence Factors</subject>
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<title-group><article-title>Transcription Factors Efg1 and Bcr1 Regulate Biofilm Formation and Virulence during <italic>Candida albicans</italic>
-Associated Denture Stomatitis</article-title>
<alt-title alt-title-type="running-head">Role of Biofilm Formation in <italic>Candida</italic>
-Associated Denture Stomatitis</alt-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Yano</surname>
<given-names>Junko</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff001"><sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Yu</surname>
<given-names>Alika</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff002"><sup>2</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Fidel</surname>
<given-names>Paul L.</given-names>
<suffix>Jr</suffix>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff001"><sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Noverr</surname>
<given-names>Mairi C.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff001"><sup>1</sup>
</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff002"><sup>2</sup>
</xref>
<xref ref-type="corresp" rid="cor001">*</xref>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="aff001"><label>1</label>
<addr-line>Department of Oral and Craniofacial Biology, Dental School, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff002"><label>2</label>
<addr-line>Department of Prosthodontics, Dental School, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America</addr-line>
</aff>
<contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="editor"><name><surname>Naglik</surname>
<given-names>Julian R</given-names>
</name>
<role>Editor</role>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="edit1"></xref>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="edit1"><addr-line>King's College London Dental Institute, UNITED KINGDOM</addr-line>
</aff>
<author-notes><fn fn-type="conflict" id="coi001"><p><bold>Competing Interests: </bold>
The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.</p>
</fn>
<fn fn-type="con" id="contrib001"><p>Conceived and designed the experiments: MCN PLF. Performed the experiments: AY JY. Analyzed the data: JY MCN PLF. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: MCN. Wrote the paper: MCN JY PLF.</p>
</fn>
<corresp id="cor001">* E-mail: <email>mnover@lsuhsc.edu</email>
</corresp>
</author-notes>
<pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>25</day>
<month>7</month>
<year>2016</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2016</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>11</volume>
<issue>7</issue>
<elocation-id>e0159692</elocation-id>
<history><date date-type="received"><day>2</day>
<month>4</month>
<year>2016</year>
</date>
<date date-type="accepted"><day>5</day>
<month>7</month>
<year>2016</year>
</date>
</history>
<permissions><copyright-statement>© 2016 Yano et al</copyright-statement>
<copyright-year>2016</copyright-year>
<copyright-holder>Yano et al</copyright-holder>
<license xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"><license-p>This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">Creative Commons Attribution License</ext-link>
, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.</license-p>
</license>
</permissions>
<self-uri content-type="pdf" xlink:href="pone.0159692.pdf"></self-uri>
<abstract><p>Denture stomatitis (DS) is characterized by inflammation of the oral mucosa in direct contact with dentures and affects a significant number of otherwise healthy denture wearers. The disease is caused by <italic>Candida albicans</italic>
, which readily colonizes and form biofilms on denture materials. While evidence for biofilms on abiotic and biotic surfaces initiating <italic>Candida</italic>
infections is accumulating, a role for biofilms in DS remains unclear. Using an established model of DS in immunocompetent animals, the purpose of this study was to determine the role of biofilm formation in mucosal damage during pathogenesis using <italic>C</italic>
. <italic>albicans</italic>
or mutants defective in morphogenesis (<italic>efg1</italic>
<sup><italic>-/-</italic>
</sup>
) or biofilm formation (<italic>bcr1</italic>
<sup><italic>-/-</italic>
</sup>
<italic>)</italic>
. For <italic>in vivo</italic>
analyses, rats fitted with custom dentures, consisting of fixed and removable parts, were inoculated with wild-type <italic>C</italic>
. <italic>albicans</italic>
, mutants or reconstituted strains and monitored weekly for fungal burden (denture and palate), body weight and tissue damage (LDH) for up to 8 weeks. <italic>C</italic>
. <italic>albicans</italic>
wild-type and reconstituted mutants formed biofilms on dentures and palatal tissues under <italic>in vitro</italic>
, <italic>ex vivo</italic>
and <italic>in vivo</italic>
conditions as indicated by microscopy demonstrating robust biofilm architecture and extracellular matrix (ECM). In contrast, both <italic>efg1</italic>
<sup><italic>-/-</italic>
</sup>
and <italic>bcr1</italic>
<sup><italic>-/-</italic>
</sup>
mutants exhibited poor biofilm growth with little to no ECM. In addition, quantification of fungal burden showed reduced colonization throughout the infection period on dentures and palates of rats inoculated with <italic>efg1</italic>
<sup><italic>-/-</italic>
</sup>
, but not <italic>bcr1</italic>
<sup>-/-</sup>
, compared to controls. Finally, rats inoculated with <italic>efg1</italic>
<sup><italic>-/-</italic>
</sup>
and <italic>bcr1</italic>
<sup><italic>-/-</italic>
</sup>
mutants had minimal palatal tissue damage/weight loss while those inoculated with wild-type or reconstituted mutants showed evidence of tissue damage and exhibited stunted weight gain. These data suggest that biofilm formation is associated with tissue damage during DS and that Efg1 and Bcr1, both central regulators of virulence in <italic>C</italic>
. <italic>albicans</italic>
, have pivotal roles in pathogenesis of DS.</p>
</abstract>
<funding-group><award-group id="award001"><funding-source><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="funder-id">http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100000072</institution-id>
<institution>National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research</institution>
</institution-wrap>
</funding-source>
<award-id>1R01DE022069-01A1</award-id>
<principal-award-recipient><name><surname>Noverr</surname>
<given-names>Mairi C.</given-names>
</name>
</principal-award-recipient>
</award-group>
<funding-statement>Funding provided by NIDCR 1R01DE022069-01A1.</funding-statement>
</funding-group>
<counts><fig-count count="8"></fig-count>
<table-count count="0"></table-count>
<page-count count="19"></page-count>
</counts>
<custom-meta-group><custom-meta id="data-availability"><meta-name>Data Availability</meta-name>
<meta-value>All relevant data are within the paper.</meta-value>
</custom-meta>
</custom-meta-group>
</article-meta>
<notes><title>Data Availability</title>
<p>All relevant data are within the paper.</p>
</notes>
</front>
</pmc>
<affiliations><list><country><li>États-Unis</li>
</country>
<region><li>Louisiane</li>
</region>
</list>
<tree><country name="États-Unis"><region name="Louisiane"><name sortKey="Yano, Junko" sort="Yano, Junko" uniqKey="Yano J" first="Junko" last="Yano">Junko Yano</name>
</region>
<name sortKey="Fidel, Paul L" sort="Fidel, Paul L" uniqKey="Fidel P" first="Paul L." last="Fidel">Paul L. Fidel</name>
<name sortKey="Noverr, Mairi C" sort="Noverr, Mairi C" uniqKey="Noverr M" first="Mairi C." last="Noverr">Mairi C. Noverr</name>
<name sortKey="Noverr, Mairi C" sort="Noverr, Mairi C" uniqKey="Noverr M" first="Mairi C." last="Noverr">Mairi C. Noverr</name>
<name sortKey="Yu, Alika" sort="Yu, Alika" uniqKey="Yu A" first="Alika" last="Yu">Alika Yu</name>
</country>
</tree>
</affiliations>
</record>
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