Prevalence and pattern of the elongated styloid process among geriatric patients in Saudi Arabia
Identifieur interne : 000101 ( Pmc/Checkpoint ); précédent : 000100; suivant : 000102Prevalence and pattern of the elongated styloid process among geriatric patients in Saudi Arabia
Auteurs : Bader K. AlzareaSource :
- Clinical Interventions in Aging [ 1176-9092 ] ; 2017.
Abstract
The objectives of this study were to assess the elongation of the styloid process on digital panoramic radiographs and to evaluate the prevalence of the elongation according to age, sex and types.
Digital panoramic radiographs of 198 geriatric edentulous patients were analyzed. The radiographic length of the styloid process was measured on both sides using the measurement toolbars on the accompanying analysis software. For statistical analysis, Student’s
The elongated styloid process was seen in 87 of the 198 patients. It was observed that as age increased, elongation of the styloid process increased with a male predominance. Type I elongation was more common than other types of elongation. Bilateral elongation was most commonly found than unilateral elongation, and both types of elongation were frequently seen in males compared with females.
The prevalence of the elongated styloid process in the present study was higher in comparison to the other reports from edentulous patients.
Url:
DOI: 10.2147/CIA.S129818
PubMed: 28408810
PubMed Central: 5384721
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<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Prevalence and pattern of the elongated styloid process among geriatric patients in Saudi Arabia</title><author><name sortKey="Alzarea, Bader K" sort="Alzarea, Bader K" uniqKey="Alzarea B" first="Bader K" last="Alzarea">Bader K. Alzarea</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af1-cia-12-611">Department of Prosthodontics, College of Dentistry, AlJouf University, Sakaka, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia</nlm:aff><wicri:noCountry code="subfield">Kingdom of Saudi Arabia</wicri:noCountry></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno><idno type="pmid">28408810</idno><idno type="pmc">5384721</idno><idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5384721</idno><idno type="RBID">PMC:5384721</idno><idno type="doi">10.2147/CIA.S129818</idno><date when="2017">2017</date><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Corpus">002B11</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PMC">002B11</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Curation">002B11</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Curation">002B11</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Checkpoint">000101</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Checkpoint">000101</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">Prevalence and pattern of the elongated styloid process among geriatric patients in Saudi Arabia</title><author><name sortKey="Alzarea, Bader K" sort="Alzarea, Bader K" uniqKey="Alzarea B" first="Bader K" last="Alzarea">Bader K. Alzarea</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af1-cia-12-611">Department of Prosthodontics, College of Dentistry, AlJouf University, Sakaka, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia</nlm:aff><wicri:noCountry code="subfield">Kingdom of Saudi Arabia</wicri:noCountry></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Clinical Interventions in Aging</title><idno type="ISSN">1176-9092</idno><idno type="eISSN">1178-1998</idno><imprint><date when="2017">2017</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Objective</title><p>The objectives of this study were to assess the elongation of the styloid process on digital panoramic radiographs and to evaluate the prevalence of the elongation according to age, sex and types.</p></sec><sec><title>Patients and methods</title><p>Digital panoramic radiographs of 198 geriatric edentulous patients were analyzed. The radiographic length of the styloid process was measured on both sides using the measurement toolbars on the accompanying analysis software. For statistical analysis, Student’s <italic>t</italic>-test, chi-square test and analysis of variance test were used.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>The elongated styloid process was seen in 87 of the 198 patients. It was observed that as age increased, elongation of the styloid process increased with a male predominance. Type I elongation was more common than other types of elongation. Bilateral elongation was most commonly found than unilateral elongation, and both types of elongation were frequently seen in males compared with females.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>The prevalence of the elongated styloid process in the present study was higher in comparison to the other reports from edentulous patients.</p></sec></div></front><back><div1 type="bibliography"><listBibl><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Standing, S" uniqKey="Standing S">S Standing</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Keur, Jj" uniqKey="Keur J">JJ Keur</name></author><author><name sortKey="Campbell, Jp" uniqKey="Campbell J">JP Campbell</name></author><author><name sortKey="Mccarthy, Jf" uniqKey="Mccarthy J">JF McCarthy</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ralph, Wj" uniqKey="Ralph W">WJ Ralph</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Sisman, Y" uniqKey="Sisman Y">Y 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<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Clin Interv Aging</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">Clin Interv Aging</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Clinical Interventions in Aging</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title>Clinical Interventions in Aging</journal-title></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1176-9092</issn><issn pub-type="epub">1178-1998</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Dove Medical Press</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">28408810</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="pmc">5384721</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.2147/CIA.S129818</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">cia-12-611</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Original Research</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Prevalence and pattern of the elongated styloid process among geriatric patients in Saudi Arabia</article-title></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>AlZarea</surname><given-names>Bader K</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="af1-cia-12-611"></xref><xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c1-cia-12-611"></xref></contrib></contrib-group><aff id="af1-cia-12-611">Department of Prosthodontics, College of Dentistry, AlJouf University, Sakaka, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia</aff><author-notes><corresp id="c1-cia-12-611">Correspondence: Bader K AlZarea, Department of Prosthodontics, College of Dentistry, AlJouf University, Sakaka, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, Email <email>bkzarea@ju.edu.sa</email></corresp></author-notes><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2017</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>30</day><month>3</month><year>2017</year></pub-date><volume>12</volume><fpage>611</fpage><lpage>617</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>© 2017 AlZarea. This work is published and licensed by Dove Medical Press Limited</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2017</copyright-year><license><license-p>The full terms of this license are available at <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="https://www.dovepress.com/terms.php">https://www.dovepress.com/terms.php</ext-link> and incorporate the Creative Commons Attribution – Non Commercial (unported, v3.0) License (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/">http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/</ext-link>). By accessing the work you hereby accept the Terms. Non-commercial uses of the work are permitted without any further permission from Dove Medical Press Limited, provided the work is properly attributed.</license-p></license></permissions><abstract><sec><title>Objective</title><p>The objectives of this study were to assess the elongation of the styloid process on digital panoramic radiographs and to evaluate the prevalence of the elongation according to age, sex and types.</p></sec><sec><title>Patients and methods</title><p>Digital panoramic radiographs of 198 geriatric edentulous patients were analyzed. The radiographic length of the styloid process was measured on both sides using the measurement toolbars on the accompanying analysis software. For statistical analysis, Student’s <italic>t</italic>-test, chi-square test and analysis of variance test were used.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>The elongated styloid process was seen in 87 of the 198 patients. It was observed that as age increased, elongation of the styloid process increased with a male predominance. Type I elongation was more common than other types of elongation. Bilateral elongation was most commonly found than unilateral elongation, and both types of elongation were frequently seen in males compared with females.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>The prevalence of the elongated styloid process in the present study was higher in comparison to the other reports from edentulous patients.</p></sec></abstract><kwd-group><title>Keywords</title><kwd>styloid process</kwd><kwd>elongation</kwd><kwd>digital panoramic radiographs</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><floats-group><fig id="f1-cia-12-611" position="float"><label>Figure 1</label><caption><p>Measuring the length of the styloid process.</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="cia-12-611Fig1"></graphic></fig><fig id="f2-cia-12-611" position="float"><label>Figure 2</label><caption><p>Type I – uninterrupted styloid process.</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="cia-12-611Fig2"></graphic></fig><fig id="f3-cia-12-611" position="float"><label>Figure 3</label><caption><p>Type II – pseudoarticulated styloid process.</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="cia-12-611Fig3"></graphic></fig><fig id="f4-cia-12-611" position="float"><label>Figure 4</label><caption><p>Type III – segmented styloid process.</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="cia-12-611Fig4"></graphic></fig><table-wrap id="t1-cia-12-611" position="float"><label>Table 1</label><caption><p>Length of the styloid process according to age and sex</p></caption><table frame="hsides" rules="groups"><thead><tr><th rowspan="2" valign="top" align="left" colspan="1">Length of styloid process (mm)</th><th colspan="3" valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1">Age (years)
<hr></hr></th><th rowspan="2" valign="top" align="left" colspan="1">Total</th><th rowspan="2" valign="top" align="left" colspan="1"><italic>P</italic>-value</th></tr><tr><th valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">60–69 (n=94)</th><th valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">70–79 (n=75)</th><th valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">≥80 (n=29)</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Right side</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">25.18±5.65</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">30.40±7.77</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">36.05±10.96</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">28.75±8.36</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><0.001<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="tfn1-cia-12-611">**</xref></td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Left side</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">25.46±6.76</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">30.93±8.74</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">35.85±7.25</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">29.05±8.49</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><0.001<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="tfn1-cia-12-611">**</xref></td></tr><tr><td colspan="6" align="left" valign="bottom" rowspan="1"><hr></hr></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="2" valign="top" align="left" colspan="1"></td><td colspan="3" valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1"><bold>Sex</bold><hr></hr></td><td rowspan="2" valign="top" align="left" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="2" valign="top" align="left" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>Male</bold></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>Female</bold></td></tr><tr><td colspan="6" align="left" valign="bottom" rowspan="1"><hr></hr></td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Right side</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">29.51±8.06</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">27.93±8.63</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">28.75±8.36</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.183</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Left side</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">30.67±8.79</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">27.30±7.82</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">29.05±8.49</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.005<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="tfn1-cia-12-611">**</xref></td></tr></tbody></table><table-wrap-foot><fn><p><bold>Notes:</bold></p></fn><fn id="tfn1-cia-12-611"><label>**</label><p>Strongly significant (<italic>P</italic>-value ≤0.01). Data presented as mean ± standard deviation.</p></fn></table-wrap-foot></table-wrap><table-wrap id="t2-cia-12-611" position="float"><label>Table 2</label><caption><p>Type of elongation of the styloid process</p></caption><table frame="hsides" rules="groups"><thead><tr><th rowspan="2" valign="top" align="left" colspan="1">Type of elongation</th><th colspan="2" valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1">Right side
<hr></hr></th><th colspan="2" valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1">Left side
<hr></hr></th></tr><tr><th valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">n</th><th valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">%</th><th valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">n</th><th valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">%</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Normal</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">120</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">60.6</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">111</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">56.1</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Type I</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">54</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">27.3</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">44</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">22.2</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Type II</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">19</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">9.6</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">24</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">12.1</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Type III</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2.5</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">19</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">9.6</td></tr></tbody></table></table-wrap><table-wrap id="t3-cia-12-611" position="float"><label>Table 3</label><caption><p>Length of the styloid process according to the type of elongation on the right and left sides</p></caption><table frame="hsides" rules="groups"><thead><tr><th rowspan="2" valign="top" align="left" colspan="1">Length</th><th colspan="4" valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1">Type of elongation
<hr></hr></th><th rowspan="2" valign="top" align="left" colspan="1">Total</th><th rowspan="2" valign="top" align="left" colspan="1"><italic>P</italic>-value</th></tr><tr><th valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Normal</th><th valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Type I</th><th valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Type II</th><th valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Type III</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Length on the right side (mm)</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">23.95±4.12</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">36.23±5.66</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">37.14±11.58</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">31.44±10.74</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">28.75±8.36</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><0.001<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="tfn2-cia-12-611">**</xref></td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Length on the left side (mm)</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">23.63±4.67</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">36.07±5.46</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">36.14±8.88</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">35.56±8.31</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">29.05±8.49</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><0.001<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="tfn2-cia-12-611">**</xref></td></tr></tbody></table><table-wrap-foot><fn><p><bold>Notes:</bold></p></fn><fn id="tfn2-cia-12-611"><label>**</label><p>Strongly significant (<italic>P</italic>-value ≤0.01). Data presented as mean ± standard deviation.</p></fn></table-wrap-foot></table-wrap><table-wrap id="t4-cia-12-611" position="float"><label>Table 4</label><caption><p>Distribution of subjects according to the increasing length of the styloid process on the right and left sides</p></caption><table frame="hsides" rules="groups"><thead><tr><th rowspan="2" valign="top" align="left" colspan="1">Length of styloid process (mm)</th><th colspan="3" valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1">Right side
<hr></hr></th><th colspan="3" valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1">Left side
<hr></hr></th></tr><tr><th valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">n</th><th valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">%</th><th valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Mean ± SD</th><th valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">n</th><th valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">%</th><th valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Mean ± SD</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1–10</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.00</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">28.75±8.36</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.5</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">29.05±8.49</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">11–20</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">28</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">14.1</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">32</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">16.2</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">21–30</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">92</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">49.5</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">78</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">44.9</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">31–40</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">61</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">29.3</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">66</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">30.8</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">41–50</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">14</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5.6</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">15</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">4.5</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">>50</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.5</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">6</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3.0</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr></tbody></table><table-wrap-foot><fn id="tfn3-cia-12-611"><p><bold>Abbreviation:</bold> SD, standard deviation.</p></fn></table-wrap-foot></table-wrap><table-wrap id="t5-cia-12-611" position="float"><label>Table 5</label><caption><p>Distribution of subjects according to the type of elongation and length on the right and left sides</p></caption><table frame="hsides" rules="groups"><thead><tr><th valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Type of elongation</th><th valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">31–40 mm</th><th valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">41–50 mm</th><th valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">>50 mm</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td colspan="4" valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1">Right side</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Type I</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">43</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">10</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Type II</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">14</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Type III</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">4</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0</td></tr><tr><td colspan="4" valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1">Left side</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Type I</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">36</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">6</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Type II</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">19</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Type III</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">11</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">7</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td></tr></tbody></table></table-wrap><table-wrap id="t6-cia-12-611" position="float"><label>Table 6</label><caption><p>Correlation of type of the elongated styloid process with age</p></caption><table frame="hsides" rules="groups"><thead><tr><th rowspan="2" valign="top" align="left" colspan="1">Type of elongation</th><th colspan="3" valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1">Age (years)
<hr></hr></th><th rowspan="2" valign="top" align="left" colspan="1">Total (n=198)</th><th rowspan="2" valign="top" align="left" colspan="1"><italic>P</italic>-value</th></tr><tr><th valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">60–69 (n=94)</th><th valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">70–79 (n=75)</th><th valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">≥80 (n=29)</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td colspan="6" valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1">Right side, n (%)</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Normal</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">83 (88.3)</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">34 (45.3)</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3 (10.3)</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">120 (60.6)</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><0.001<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="tfn4-cia-12-611">**</xref></td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Type I</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">10 (10.6)</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">32 (42.7)</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">12 (41.4)</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">54 (27.3)</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Type II</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0 (0)</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5 (6.7)</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">14 (48.3)</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">19 (9.6)</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Type III</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1 (1.1)</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">4 (5.3)</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0 (0)</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5 (2.5)</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="6" valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1">Left side, n (%)</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Normal</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">76 (80.9)</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">32 (42.7)</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3 (10.3)</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">111 (56.1)</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><0.001<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="tfn4-cia-12-611">**</xref></td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Type I</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">10 (10.6)</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">23 (30.7)</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">11 (37.9)</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">44 (22.2)</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Type II</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">4 (4.3)</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">12 (16)</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">8 (27.6)</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">24 (12.1)</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Type III</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">4 (4.3)</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">8 (10.7)</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">7 (24.1)</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">19 (9.6)</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr></tbody></table><table-wrap-foot><fn><p><bold>Note:</bold></p></fn><fn id="tfn4-cia-12-611"><label>**</label><p>Strongly significant (<italic>P</italic>-value ≤0.01).</p></fn></table-wrap-foot></table-wrap><table-wrap id="t7-cia-12-611" position="float"><label>Table 7</label><caption><p>Correlation of type of the elongated styloid process with sex</p></caption><table frame="hsides" rules="groups"><thead><tr><th rowspan="2" valign="top" align="left" colspan="1">Type of elongation</th><th colspan="2" valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1">Sex
<hr></hr></th><th rowspan="2" valign="top" align="left" colspan="1">Total<break></break>(n=198)</th><th rowspan="2" valign="top" align="left" colspan="1"><italic>P</italic>-value</th></tr><tr><th valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Male<break></break>(n=103)</th><th valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Female<break></break>(n=95)</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td colspan="5" valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1">Right side, n (%)</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Normal</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">59 (57.3)</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">61 (64.2)</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">120 (60.6)</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.380</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Type I</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">33 (32)</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">21 (22.1)</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">54 (27.3)</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Type II</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">8 (7.8)</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">11 (11.6)</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">19 (9.6)</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Type III</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3 (2.9)</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2 (2.1)</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5 (2.5)</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="5" valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1">Left side, n (%)</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Normal</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">49 (47.6)</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">62 (65.3)</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">111 (56.1)</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.085<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="tfn5-cia-12-611">#</xref></td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Type I</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">27 (26.2)</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">17 (17.9)</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">44 (22.2)</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Type II</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">16 (15.5)</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">8 (8.4)</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">24 (12.1)</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Type III</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">11 (10.7)</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">8 (8.4)</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">19 (9.6)</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr></tbody></table><table-wrap-foot><fn><p><bold>Note:</bold></p></fn><fn id="tfn5-cia-12-611"><label>#</label><p>Suggestive significance (0.05< <italic>P</italic>-value <0.10).</p></fn></table-wrap-foot></table-wrap><table-wrap id="t8-cia-12-611" position="float"><label>Table 8</label><caption><p>Distribution of unilateral and bilateral elongation of the styloid process</p></caption><table frame="hsides" rules="groups"><thead><tr><th rowspan="2" valign="top" align="left" colspan="1">Sex</th><th colspan="2" valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1">Unilateral
<hr></hr></th><th colspan="2" valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1">Bilateral
<hr></hr></th></tr><tr><th valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">n</th><th valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">%</th><th valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">n</th><th valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">%</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Male</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">15</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">17.2</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">39</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">44.8</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Female</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">10</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">11.4</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">23</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">26.6</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Total</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">25</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">28.6</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">62</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">71.4</td></tr></tbody></table></table-wrap></floats-group></pmc><affiliations><list></list><tree><noCountry><name sortKey="Alzarea, Bader K" sort="Alzarea, Bader K" uniqKey="Alzarea B" first="Bader K" last="Alzarea">Bader K. Alzarea</name></noCountry></tree></affiliations></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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