Soft Tissue Augmentation Techniques in Implants Placed and Provisionalized Immediately: A Systematic Review
Identifieur interne : 006958 ( Ncbi/Merge ); précédent : 006957; suivant : 006959Soft Tissue Augmentation Techniques in Implants Placed and Provisionalized Immediately: A Systematic Review
Auteurs : Rosa Rojo [Espagne] ; Juan Carlos Prados-Frutos [Espagne] ; Ángel Manch N [Espagne] ; Jesús Rodríguez-Molinero [Espagne] ; Gilberto Sammartino [Italie] ; José Luis Calvo Guirado [Espagne] ; Rafael G Mez-De Diego [Espagne]Source :
- BioMed Research International [ 2314-6133 ] ; 2016.
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of techniques for soft tissue augmentation in the placement of immediate implants with and without provisionalization and to assess the quality of the reports in the literature. Randomized clinical trials, prospective clinical trials, and case series were included in this review. Clinical questions were formulated and organised according to the PICOS strategy. An electronic search was performed in PubMed, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Scopus, and ISI Web up until June 2016. Interexaminer agreement on eligibility (
Url:
DOI: 10.1155/2016/7374129
PubMed: 27517046
PubMed Central: 4969511
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PMC:4969511Le document en format XML
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wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I2">Department of Stomatology and Maxillofacial Surgery, Federico II University, Corso Umberto I 40, 80138 Naples, Italy</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Stomatology and Maxillofacial Surgery, Federico II University, Corso Umberto I 40, 80138 Naples</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>80138 Naples</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Calvo Guirado, Jose Luis" sort="Calvo Guirado, Jose Luis" uniqKey="Calvo Guirado J" first="José Luis" last="Calvo Guirado">José Luis Calvo Guirado</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="I3">Department of International Dentistry Research, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, San Antonio Catholic University of Murcia (UCAM), Avenida Jerónimos 135, 30107 Murcia, Spain</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Espagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of International Dentistry Research, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, San Antonio Catholic University of 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wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="I1">Department of Stomatology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Rey Juan Carlos University (URJC), Avenida Atenas s/n, 28922 Madrid, Spain</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Espagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Stomatology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Rey Juan Carlos University (URJC), Avenida Atenas s/n, 28922 Madrid</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region nuts="2" type="communauté">Communauté de Madrid</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Prados Frutos, Juan Carlos" sort="Prados Frutos, Juan Carlos" uniqKey="Prados Frutos J" first="Juan Carlos" last="Prados-Frutos">Juan Carlos Prados-Frutos</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="I1">Department of Stomatology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Rey Juan Carlos University (URJC), Avenida Atenas s/n, 28922 Madrid, Spain</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Espagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Stomatology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Rey Juan Carlos University (URJC), Avenida Atenas s/n, 28922 Madrid</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region nuts="2" type="communauté">Communauté de Madrid</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Manch N, Angel" sort="Manch N, Angel" uniqKey="Manch N A" first="Ángel" last="Manch N">Ángel Manch N</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="I1">Department of Stomatology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Rey Juan Carlos University (URJC), Avenida Atenas s/n, 28922 Madrid, Spain</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Espagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Stomatology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Rey Juan Carlos University (URJC), Avenida Atenas s/n, 28922 Madrid</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region nuts="2" type="communauté">Communauté de Madrid</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rodriguez Molinero, Jesus" sort="Rodriguez Molinero, Jesus" uniqKey="Rodriguez Molinero J" first="Jesús" last="Rodríguez-Molinero">Jesús Rodríguez-Molinero</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="I1">Department of Stomatology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Rey Juan Carlos University (URJC), Avenida Atenas s/n, 28922 Madrid, Spain</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Espagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Stomatology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Rey Juan Carlos University (URJC), Avenida Atenas s/n, 28922 Madrid</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region nuts="2" type="communauté">Communauté de Madrid</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sammartino, Gilberto" sort="Sammartino, Gilberto" uniqKey="Sammartino G" first="Gilberto" last="Sammartino">Gilberto Sammartino</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I2">Department of Stomatology and Maxillofacial Surgery, Federico II University, Corso Umberto I 40, 80138 Naples, Italy</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Stomatology and Maxillofacial Surgery, Federico II University, Corso Umberto I 40, 80138 Naples</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>80138 Naples</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Calvo Guirado, Jose Luis" sort="Calvo Guirado, Jose Luis" uniqKey="Calvo Guirado J" first="José Luis" last="Calvo Guirado">José Luis Calvo Guirado</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="I3">Department of International Dentistry Research, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, San Antonio Catholic University of Murcia (UCAM), Avenida Jerónimos 135, 30107 Murcia, Spain</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Espagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of International Dentistry Research, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, San Antonio Catholic University of Murcia (UCAM), Avenida Jerónimos 135, 30107 Murcia</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region nuts="2" type="communauté">Région de Murcie</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="G Mez De Diego, Rafael" sort="G Mez De Diego, Rafael" uniqKey="G Mez De Diego R" first="Rafael" last="G Mez-De Diego">Rafael G Mez-De Diego</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="I1">Department of Stomatology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Rey Juan Carlos University (URJC), Avenida Atenas s/n, 28922 Madrid, Spain</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Espagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Stomatology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Rey Juan Carlos University (URJC), Avenida Atenas s/n, 28922 Madrid</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region nuts="2" type="communauté">Communauté de Madrid</region></placeName></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">BioMed Research International</title><idno type="ISSN">2314-6133</idno><idno type="eISSN">2314-6141</idno><imprint><date when="2016">2016</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p>The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of techniques for soft tissue augmentation in the placement of immediate implants with and without provisionalization and to assess the quality of the reports in the literature. Randomized clinical trials, prospective clinical trials, and case series were included in this review. Clinical questions were formulated and organised according to the PICOS strategy. An electronic search was performed in PubMed, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Scopus, and ISI Web up until June 2016. Interexaminer agreement on eligibility (<italic>k</italic> = 0.842; <italic>p</italic> = 0.103) and quality (<italic>k</italic> = 0.933; <italic>p</italic> < 0.001) was high. Methodological approaches were assessed using criteria based on design related forms designed by the Dutch Cochrane Collaboration. Finally, 14 papers were identified. In two studies, the implant survival was 90%; for the rest of the studies it was 100%. All studies reported favourable aesthetic, biological, and radiographic outcomes. Surgical and biomechanical complications of this technique were not relevant. 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<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Biomed Res Int</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">Biomed Res Int</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">BMRI</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title>BioMed Research International</journal-title></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2314-6133</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2314-6141</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Hindawi Publishing Corporation</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">27517046</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="pmc">4969511</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1155/2016/7374129</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Review Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Soft Tissue Augmentation Techniques in Implants Placed and Provisionalized Immediately: A Systematic Review</article-title></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid" authenticated="false">http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7400-902X</contrib-id><name><surname>Rojo</surname><given-names>Rosa</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="I1"><sup>1</sup></xref><xref ref-type="corresp" rid="cor1"><sup>*</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Prados-Frutos</surname><given-names>Juan Carlos</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="I1"><sup>1</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Manchón</surname><given-names>Ángel</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="I1"><sup>1</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Rodríguez-Molinero</surname><given-names>Jesús</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="I1"><sup>1</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Sammartino</surname><given-names>Gilberto</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="I2"><sup>2</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Calvo Guirado</surname><given-names>José Luis</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="I3"><sup>3</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Gómez-de Diego</surname><given-names>Rafael</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="I1"><sup>1</sup></xref></contrib></contrib-group><aff id="I1"><sup>1</sup>Department of Stomatology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Rey Juan Carlos University (URJC), Avenida Atenas s/n, 28922 Madrid, Spain</aff><aff id="I2"><sup>2</sup>Department of Stomatology and Maxillofacial Surgery, Federico II University, Corso Umberto I 40, 80138 Naples, Italy</aff><aff id="I3"><sup>3</sup>Department of International Dentistry Research, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, San Antonio Catholic University of Murcia (UCAM), Avenida Jerónimos 135, 30107 Murcia, Spain</aff><author-notes><corresp id="cor1">*Rosa Rojo: <email>rosa.rojo@urjc.es</email></corresp><fn fn-type="other"><p>Academic Editor: Konstantinos Michalakis</p></fn></author-notes><pub-date pub-type="ppub"><year>2016</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>19</day><month>7</month><year>2016</year></pub-date><volume>2016</volume><elocation-id>7374129</elocation-id><history><date date-type="received"><day>15</day><month>1</month><year>2016</year></date><date date-type="rev-recd"><day>28</day><month>5</month><year>2016</year></date><date date-type="accepted"><day>13</day><month>6</month><year>2016</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright © 2016 Rosa Rojo et al.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2016</copyright-year><license xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"><license-p>This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.</license-p></license></permissions><abstract><p>The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of techniques for soft tissue augmentation in the placement of immediate implants with and without provisionalization and to assess the quality of the reports in the literature. Randomized clinical trials, prospective clinical trials, and case series were included in this review. Clinical questions were formulated and organised according to the PICOS strategy. An electronic search was performed in PubMed, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Scopus, and ISI Web up until June 2016. Interexaminer agreement on eligibility (<italic>k</italic> = 0.842; <italic>p</italic> = 0.103) and quality (<italic>k</italic> = 0.933; <italic>p</italic> < 0.001) was high. Methodological approaches were assessed using criteria based on design related forms designed by the Dutch Cochrane Collaboration. Finally, 14 papers were identified. In two studies, the implant survival was 90%; for the rest of the studies it was 100%. All studies reported favourable aesthetic, biological, and radiographic outcomes. Surgical and biomechanical complications of this technique were not relevant. This technique effectively compensates for the expected loss of volume of the oral soft tissues and maintains high success rates with good aesthetic results over time. </p></abstract></article-meta></front><floats-group><fig id="fig1" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Figure 1</label><caption><p>Flow chart of the literature search.</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="BMRI2016-7374129.001"></graphic></fig><fig id="fig2" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Figure 2</label><caption><p>Forest plot for survival rate of proportion of implants evaluated. Proportion ratio corresponds to the percentage of survival implants between the total number of implants evaluated.</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="BMRI2016-7374129.002"></graphic></fig><fig id="fig3" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Figure 3</label><caption><p>Forest plot for proportion of suitable aesthetic results rate of implants evaluated. Proportion ratio corresponds to the percentage of suitable aesthetic results between the total number of implants evaluated.</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="BMRI2016-7374129.003"></graphic></fig><table-wrap id="tab1" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Table 1</label><caption><p>Checklist for quality assessment. N/A: not applicable; <italic>∗</italic>: items applicable to prospective controlled clinical trial.</p></caption><table frame="hsides" rules="groups"><thead><tr><th align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Quality assessment of randomized controlled trials (<sup><italic>∗</italic></sup>prospective clinical trial)</th><th align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Quality assessment of case series </th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Randomization</italic></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">N/A</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">(1) Were adequate methods used for randomization? (<sup><italic>∗</italic></sup>N/A)</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td></tr><tr><td align="center" colspan="2" rowspan="1"><hr></hr></td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Patient and site characteristics</italic></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Patient and site characteristics</italic></td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">(1) Were patient characteristics well described for both groups?<sup><italic>∗</italic></sup></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">(1) Were patient characteristics well described?</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">(2) Were site characteristics well described for both groups?<sup><italic>∗</italic></sup></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">(2) Were site characteristics well described?</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">(3) Were there no disparities in terms of patient or site characteristics between the groups?<sup><italic>∗</italic></sup></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td></tr><tr><td align="center" colspan="2" rowspan="1"><hr></hr></td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Patient selection</italic></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Patient selection</italic></td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">(1) Were the inclusion and exclusion criteria well described and the same for both groups?<sup><italic>∗</italic></sup></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">(1) Were the inclusion and exclusion criteria well described?</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">(2) Did the study report consecutively treated patients?<sup><italic>∗</italic></sup></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">(2) Did the study report on consecutively treated patients?</td></tr><tr><td align="center" colspan="2" rowspan="1"><hr></hr></td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Intervention</italic></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Intervention</italic></td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">(1) Were interventions for both groups clearly described?<sup><italic>∗</italic></sup></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">(1) Was the intervention clearly described?</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">(2) Were all patients of the same group treated according to the same intervention?<sup><italic>∗</italic></sup></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">(2) Were all patients treated according to the same intervention?</td></tr><tr><td align="center" colspan="2" rowspan="1"><hr></hr></td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Evaluation method</italic></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Evaluation method</italic></td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">(1) Was blinding used to assess the outcome?<sup><italic>∗</italic></sup></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">(1) Was the outcome assessed by an investigator who had not been involved in the treatment?</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">(2) Were adequate methods used to assess the outcome?<sup><italic>∗</italic></sup></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">(2) Were adequate methods used to assess the outcome?</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">(3) Were reproducibility data reported on the outcome variable(s)?<sup><italic>∗</italic></sup></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">(3) Were reproducibility data reported on the outcome variable(s)?</td></tr><tr><td align="center" colspan="2" rowspan="1"><hr></hr></td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Outcome & follow-up</italic></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Outcome & follow-up</italic></td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">(1) Was the outcome clearly described?<sup><italic>∗</italic></sup></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">(1) Was the outcome clearly described?</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">(2) Was an intention-to-treat analysis performed and was there low risk for selective loss to follow-up?<sup><italic>∗</italic></sup></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">(2) Was the response rate acceptable and was the number of patients lost to follow-up clearly described?</td></tr></tbody></table></table-wrap><table-wrap id="tab2" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Table 2</label><caption><p>Studies excluded after quality assessment and reasons for exclusion.</p></caption><table frame="hsides" rules="groups"><thead><tr><th align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Authors</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Study design</th><th align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Reasons for exclusion</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Grunder et al. [<xref rid="B7" ref-type="bibr">7</xref>]</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Case series</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">The inclusion and exclusion criteria were not clearly described; it is unclear whether patients were consecutively treated; outcome was possibly assessed by an investigator involved in the treatment; methods used to assess the outcome were unclear; no actual data on the outcome were available.</td></tr><tr><td align="center" colspan="3" rowspan="1"><hr></hr></td></tr><tr><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Fagan et al. [<xref rid="B33" ref-type="bibr">32</xref>]</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Case series</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Patients characteristics were incomplete (teeth not described); site characteristics were incomplete (age not described); patients were not treated according to same intervention (delayed or immediate implant placement); outcome was possibly assessed by an investigator involved in the treatment; methods used to assess the outcome were unclear; no reproducibility data were reported; no actual data on the outcome were available.</td></tr><tr><td align="center" colspan="3" rowspan="1"><hr></hr></td></tr><tr><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Reinhardt [<xref rid="B34" ref-type="bibr">33</xref>]</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Case series</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Patients characteristics were incomplete (conditions around teeth not described); site characteristics were incomplete (age not described); it is unclear whether patients were consecutively treated; outcome was possibly assessed by an investigator involved in the treatment; no actual data on the outcome were available.</td></tr></tbody></table></table-wrap><table-wrap id="tab3" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Table 3</label><caption><p>Characteristics of included studies. RCT: randomized clinical trial; PCT: prospective clinical trial; CS: case series; f: female; m: male; mo: months.</p></caption><table frame="hsides" rules="groups"><thead><tr><th align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Authors, year</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Study design</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Follow-up (mo)</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Country</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Teeth</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Sample</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Mean age (range of years)</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Number of implants evaluated</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Migliorati et al., 2015 [<xref rid="B17" ref-type="bibr">17</xref>]</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">RCT</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">24</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Genova, Italy</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">14 to 24</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">48 (25 f/23 m)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">47,5 (22 to 70)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">47</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Bianchi and Sanfilippo, 2004 [<xref rid="B6" ref-type="bibr">6</xref>]</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">RCT</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">72 to 216</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Milano, Italy</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">17 to 27 and 37 to 47</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">116 (58 f/58 m)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">45,4 (19 to 73)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">116</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Yoshino et al., 2014 [<xref rid="B18" ref-type="bibr">18</xref>]</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">RCT</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">12</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Loma Linda, CA</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">14 to 24</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">20 (13 f/7 m)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">52,6 (27 to 87)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">20</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Rungcharassaeng et al., 2012 [<xref rid="B35" ref-type="bibr">34</xref>]</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">PCT</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">17</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Loma Linda, CA</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">13 to 23</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">24 (11 f/13 m)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">45,4 (23 to 87)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">23</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Cornelini et al., 2008 [<xref rid="B36" ref-type="bibr">35</xref>]</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">PCT</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">12</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Rimini, Italy</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">15 to 25 and 35 to 45</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">34 (15 f/19 m)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">43 (21 to 62)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">34</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Lee et al., 2012 [<xref rid="B37" ref-type="bibr">36</xref>]</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">CS</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">24</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Seoul, Korea</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">11 and 21</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">10 (8 f/2 m)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">46,4 (22 to 56)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">11</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Kan et al., 2009 [<xref rid="B38" ref-type="bibr">37</xref>]</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">CS</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">12 to 48</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Loma Linda, CA</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">13 to 23</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">20 (14 f/6 m)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">52,3 (18 to 71)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">20</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Kan et al., 2007 [<xref rid="B39" ref-type="bibr">38</xref>]</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">CS</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">12</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Loma Linda, CA</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">13 to 23</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">23 (undefined)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">39,5 (25 to 63)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">23</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Nemcovsky et al., 2000 [<xref rid="B26" ref-type="bibr">26</xref>]</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">CS</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">6 to 8</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Tel Aviv, Israel</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">15 to 25</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">24 (undefined)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">45,5 (29 to 65)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">26</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Tsuda et al., 2011 [<xref rid="B40" ref-type="bibr">39</xref>]</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">CS</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">12</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Loma Linda, CA</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">14 to 24</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">10 (6 f/4 m)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">48 (35 to 70)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">10</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Chung et al., 2011 [<xref rid="B41" ref-type="bibr">40</xref>]</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">CS</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">12</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Loma Linda, CA</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">15 to 25 and 35 and 45</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">10 (4 f/6 m)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">52,1 (22,7 to 67,1)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">10</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Covani et al., 2007 [<xref rid="B20" ref-type="bibr">20</xref>]</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">CS</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">12</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Lucca, Italy</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">15 to 25 and 35 to 45</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">10 (5 f/5 m)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">(42 to 55)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">10</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Jyothi et al., 2013 [<xref rid="B21" ref-type="bibr">21</xref>]</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">CS</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">12</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Karnataka, India</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">15 to 25 and 35 to 45</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">10 (5 f/5 m)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">25,3</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">10</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Nemcovsky et al., 1999 [<xref rid="B25" ref-type="bibr">25</xref>]</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">CS</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">6 to 9</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Tel Aviv, Israel</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">15 to 25</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">29 (undefined)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">44,5</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">33</td></tr></tbody></table></table-wrap><table-wrap id="tab4" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Table 4</label><caption><p>Characteristics of the clinical procedure of included studies. N: no; Y: yes; SCTG: subepithelial connective tissue graft; IIPP: immediate implant placement and provisionalization; IIP: immediate implant placement; RPF: rotated palatal flap; TG: test group; CG: control group.</p></caption><table frame="hsides" rules="groups"><thead><tr><th align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Authors, year</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Buccal flap</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Membrane</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Xenograft</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Allograft</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Autogenous</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Provisionalization on implant crown</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Groups (sample)</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Surgical technique soft tissue augmentation</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Migliorati et al., 2015 [<xref rid="B17" ref-type="bibr">17</xref>]</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">N</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">N</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Y</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">N</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">N</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Y </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">TG (24), CG (24)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">IIPP with SCTG (TG) and IIPP without SCTG (CG)</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Bianchi and Sanfilippo, 2004 [<xref rid="B6" ref-type="bibr">6</xref>]</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">N</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">N</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">N</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">N</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">N</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">N</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">TG1 (32), TG2 (42),TG3 (22), and CG (22)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">IIP with SCTG (3 TGs) and IIPP without SCTG (CG)</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Yoshino et al., 2014 [<xref rid="B18" ref-type="bibr">18</xref>]</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">N</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">N</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Y</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">N</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">N</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Y </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">TG (10), CG (10)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">IIPP with SCTG (TG) and IIPP without SCTG (CG)</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Rungcharassaeng et al., 2012 [<xref rid="B35" ref-type="bibr">34</xref>]</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">N</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">N</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Y</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Y</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">N</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">N</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">TG (31), CG (24)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">IPP with SCTG (TG) and without SCTG (CG)</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Cornelini et al., 2008 [<xref rid="B36" ref-type="bibr">35</xref>]</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Y/N</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Y/N</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">N</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">N</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">N</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Y </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">TG (17), CG (17)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">IIPP with SCTG (TG) and IIPP without SCTG (CG)</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Lee et al., 2012 [<xref rid="B37" ref-type="bibr">36</xref>]</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Y </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Y </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Y</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">N</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">N</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Y </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">TG (10)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">IIPP with SCTG (TG)</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Kan et al., 2009 [<xref rid="B38" ref-type="bibr">37</xref>]</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">N</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">N</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Y</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">N</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">N</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Y </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">TG (20)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">IIPP with SCTG (TG)</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Kan et al., 2007 [<xref rid="B39" ref-type="bibr">38</xref>]</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Y/N</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Y</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Y</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">N</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Y </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Y </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">TG (11), CG (12)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">IIPP with SCTG (TG) and IIPP without SCTG (CG)</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Nemcovsky et al., 2000 [<xref rid="B26" ref-type="bibr">26</xref>]</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Y </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">N</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Y</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">N</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">N</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">N</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">TG (24)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">IIP with RPF (TG)</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Tsuda et al., 2011 [<xref rid="B40" ref-type="bibr">39</xref>]</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">N</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Y</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Y</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">N</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">N</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Y </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">TG (10)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">IIPP with SCTG (TG)</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Chung et al., 2011 [<xref rid="B41" ref-type="bibr">40</xref>]</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">N</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">N</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Y</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">N</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">N</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Y </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">TG (10)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">IIPP with SCTG (TG)</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Covani et al., 2007 [<xref rid="B20" ref-type="bibr">20</xref>]</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">N</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">N</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">N</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">N</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">N</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">N</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">TG (10)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">IIP with SCTG (TG)</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Jyothi et al., 2013 [<xref rid="B21" ref-type="bibr">21</xref>]</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Y </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">N</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">N</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">N</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">N</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">N</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">TG (10)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">IIP with SCTG (TG)</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Nemcovsky et al., 1999 [<xref rid="B25" ref-type="bibr">25</xref>]</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Y </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Y/N</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Y</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">N</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">N</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">N</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">TG (14 in 15 sites), CG (15 in 18 sites)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">IIP with RPF used membrane (TG) and IIP with RPF used no membrane (CG)</td></tr></tbody></table></table-wrap><table-wrap id="tab5" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Table 5</label><caption><p>Patient profile: inclusion and exclusion criteria.</p></caption><table frame="hsides" rules="groups"><thead><tr><th align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Inclusion criteria</th><th align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Exclusion criteria</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Age ≥ 18 years</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Systematic diseases that could alter tissue integration of dental implants (severe systematic problems)</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Good oral hygiene</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Pregnancy</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Adequate native bone to achieve implant primary stability with sufficient bone volume with minimum dimensions of 3.3 × 12,0 mm or 3,25 × 15,0 mm or 3,5 × 13,0 mm</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Alcohol or drug dependency</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Presence of adequate gingival architecture with the surrounding dentition</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Head and neck radiation treatment</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Appropriate gingiva-to-underlying bone dimension facially (≥2 mm) and interproximally (4 to 6 mm)</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Bruxism and/or parafunction</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Adjacent teeth or implants without need for prosthetic restorations</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">A lack of stable posterior occlusion </td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Stable occlusion</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Perforation and/or loss of the labial bony plaque after tooth removal and/or implant osteotomy</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Adequate vertical dimension of the existing metal-ceramic prosthetic restorations</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Indications for periodontal treatment before the implant surgery </td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Absence of periodontal disease</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Being without active infection </td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Tobacco abuse</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">No smoking</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td></tr></tbody></table></table-wrap><table-wrap id="tab6" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Table 6</label><caption><p>Survival rate of implant and survival rate of suitable aesthetic results. Total exposure time corresponds to the sum of exposure time of implants that survived the follow-up time, exposure time to the failure of implants lost during the observation time, and exposure time up to the end of follow-up time for the implants that did not complete the observation period due to any reason.</p></caption><table frame="hsides" rules="groups"><thead><tr><th align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Study</th><th align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Year</th><th align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Total implants evaluated</th><th align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Mean follow-up (years)</th><th align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Number of failures of the implants</th><th align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Total exposure time</th><th align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Estimated survival rate of the implants (per 100 years)</th><th align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Estimated rate of suitable aesthetic results (per 5 years)</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Migliorati et al. [<xref rid="B17" ref-type="bibr">17</xref>]</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> 2015</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">47</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">96</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">100%</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">65%</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Bianchi and Sanfilippo [<xref rid="B6" ref-type="bibr">6</xref>]</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> 2004</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">116</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">12</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1392</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">100%</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">N/A</td></tr><tr><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Yoshino et al. [<xref rid="B18" ref-type="bibr">18</xref>]</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> 2014</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">20</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">20</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">100%</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">100%</td></tr><tr><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Rungcharassaeng et al. [<xref rid="B35" ref-type="bibr">34</xref>]</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> 2012</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">23</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2,5</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">60</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">100%</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">N/A</td></tr><tr><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Cornelini et al. [<xref rid="B36" ref-type="bibr">35</xref>]</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> 2008</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">34</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">34</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">100%</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">32%</td></tr><tr><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Lee et al. [<xref rid="B37" ref-type="bibr">36</xref>]</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> 2012</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">11</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">20</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">100%</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">70%</td></tr><tr><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Kan et al. [<xref rid="B39" ref-type="bibr">38</xref>]</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2007</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">20</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2,5</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">50</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">100%</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">84%</td></tr><tr><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Kan et al. [<xref rid="B38" ref-type="bibr">37</xref>]</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2009</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">23</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">23</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">100%</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">35%</td></tr><tr><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Nemcovsky et al. [<xref rid="B26" ref-type="bibr">26</xref>]</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> 2000</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">26</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0,7</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">17</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">100%</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">N/A</td></tr><tr><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Tsuda et al. [<xref rid="B40" ref-type="bibr">39</xref>]</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2011</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">10</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">10</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">90%</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">30%</td></tr><tr><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Chung et al. [<xref rid="B41" ref-type="bibr">40</xref>]</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> 2011</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">10</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">10</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">90%</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">60%</td></tr><tr><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Covani et al. [<xref rid="B20" ref-type="bibr">20</xref>]</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2007</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">10</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">10</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">100%</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">N/A</td></tr><tr><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Jyothi et al. [<xref rid="B21" ref-type="bibr">21</xref>]</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2013</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">10</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">10</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">100%</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">N/A</td></tr><tr><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Nemcovsky et al. [<xref rid="B25" ref-type="bibr">25</xref>]</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1999</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">33</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0,8</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">23</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">100%</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">N/A</td></tr><tr><td align="center" colspan="8" rowspan="1"><hr></hr></td></tr><tr><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Total</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Fixed effects</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">6,018 (5,919–6,117)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1,261 (1,111–1,410)</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Random effects</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">6,526 (6,125–6,927)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1,292 (1,029–1,555)</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">df</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">13</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">7</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>p</italic> value</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0,001</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0,001</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>I</italic><sup>2</sup></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">93,21%</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">64,32%</td></tr></tbody></table></table-wrap></floats-group></pmc><affiliations><list><country><li>Espagne</li><li>Italie</li></country><region><li>Communauté de Madrid</li><li>Région de Murcie</li></region></list><tree><country name="Espagne"><region name="Communauté de Madrid"><name sortKey="Rojo, Rosa" sort="Rojo, Rosa" uniqKey="Rojo R" first="Rosa" last="Rojo">Rosa Rojo</name></region><name sortKey="Calvo Guirado, Jose Luis" sort="Calvo Guirado, Jose Luis" uniqKey="Calvo Guirado J" first="José Luis" last="Calvo Guirado">José Luis Calvo Guirado</name><name sortKey="G Mez De Diego, Rafael" sort="G Mez De Diego, Rafael" uniqKey="G Mez De Diego R" first="Rafael" last="G Mez-De Diego">Rafael G Mez-De Diego</name><name sortKey="Manch N, Angel" sort="Manch N, Angel" uniqKey="Manch N A" first="Ángel" last="Manch N">Ángel Manch N</name><name sortKey="Prados Frutos, Juan Carlos" sort="Prados Frutos, Juan Carlos" uniqKey="Prados Frutos J" first="Juan Carlos" last="Prados-Frutos">Juan Carlos Prados-Frutos</name><name sortKey="Rodriguez Molinero, Jesus" sort="Rodriguez Molinero, Jesus" uniqKey="Rodriguez Molinero J" first="Jesús" last="Rodríguez-Molinero">Jesús Rodríguez-Molinero</name></country><country name="Italie"><noRegion><name sortKey="Sammartino, Gilberto" sort="Sammartino, Gilberto" uniqKey="Sammartino G" first="Gilberto" last="Sammartino">Gilberto Sammartino</name></noRegion></country></tree></affiliations></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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