Serveur d'exploration sur le patient édenté

Attention, ce site est en cours de développement !
Attention, site généré par des moyens informatiques à partir de corpus bruts.
Les informations ne sont donc pas validées.

The Oral Microbiome of Denture Wearers Is Influenced by Levels of Natural Dentition

Identifieur interne : 005F19 ( Ncbi/Merge ); précédent : 005F18; suivant : 005F20

The Oral Microbiome of Denture Wearers Is Influenced by Levels of Natural Dentition

Auteurs : Lindsay E. O Onnell [Royaume-Uni] ; Douglas Robertson [Royaume-Uni] ; Christopher J. Nile [Royaume-Uni] ; Laura J. Cross [Royaume-Uni] ; Marcello Riggio [Royaume-Uni] ; Andrea Sherriff [Royaume-Uni] ; David Bradshaw [Royaume-Uni] ; Margaret Lambert [Royaume-Uni] ; Jennifer Malcolm [Royaume-Uni] ; Mark J. Buijs [Pays-Bas] ; Egija Zaura [Pays-Bas] ; Wim Crielaard [Pays-Bas] ; Bernd W. Brandt [Pays-Bas] ; Gordon Ramage [Royaume-Uni]

Source :

RBID : PMC:4569385

Abstract

Objectives

The composition of dental plaque has been well defined, whereas currently there is limited understanding of the composition of denture plaque and how it directly influences denture related stomatitis (DS). The aims of this study were to compare the microbiomes of denture wearers, and to understand the implications of these towards inter-kingdom and host-pathogen interactions within the oral cavity.

Methods

Swab samples were obtained from 123 participants wearing either a complete or partial denture; the bacterial composition of each sample was determined using bar-coded illumina MiSeq sequencing of the bacterial hypervariable V4 region of 16S rDNA. Sequencing data processing was undertaken using QIIME, clustered in Operational Taxonomic Units (OTUs) and assigned to taxonomy. The dentures were sonicated to remove the microbial flora residing on the prosthesis, sonicate was then cultured using diagnostic colorex Candida media. Samples of unstimulated saliva were obtained and antimicrobial peptides (AMP) levels were measured by ELISA.

Results

We have shown that dental and denture plaques are significantly distinct both in composition and diversity and that the oral microbiome composition of a denture wearer is variable and is influenced by the location within the mouth. Dentures and mucosa were predominantly made up of Bacilli and Actinobacteria. Moreover, the presence of natural teeth has a significant impact on the overall microbial composition, when compared to the fully edentulous. Furthermore, increasing levels of Candida spp. positively correlate with Lactobacillus spp. AMPs were quantified, though showed no specific correlations.

Conclusions

This is the first study to provide a detailed understanding of the oral microbiome of denture wearers and has provided evidence that DS development is more complex than simply a candidal infection. Both fungal and bacterial kingdoms clearly play a role in defining the progression of DS, though we were unable to show a defined role for AMPs.


Url:
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0137717
PubMed: 26368937
PubMed Central: 4569385

Links toward previous steps (curation, corpus...)


Links to Exploration step

PMC:4569385

Le document en format XML

<record>
<TEI>
<teiHeader>
<fileDesc>
<titleStmt>
<title xml:lang="en">The Oral Microbiome of Denture Wearers Is Influenced by Levels of Natural Dentition</title>
<author>
<name sortKey="O Onnell, Lindsay E" sort="O Onnell, Lindsay E" uniqKey="O Onnell L" first="Lindsay E." last="O Onnell">Lindsay E. O Onnell</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4">
<nlm:aff id="aff001">
<addr-line>Glasgow Dental School, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, 378 Sauchiehall Street, Glasgow, G2 3JZ, United Kingdom</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Glasgow Dental School, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, 378 Sauchiehall Street, Glasgow, G2 3JZ</wicri:regionArea>
<orgName type="university">Université de Glasgow</orgName>
<placeName>
<settlement type="city">Glasgow</settlement>
<region type="country">Écosse</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Robertson, Douglas" sort="Robertson, Douglas" uniqKey="Robertson D" first="Douglas" last="Robertson">Douglas Robertson</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4">
<nlm:aff id="aff001">
<addr-line>Glasgow Dental School, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, 378 Sauchiehall Street, Glasgow, G2 3JZ, United Kingdom</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Glasgow Dental School, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, 378 Sauchiehall Street, Glasgow, G2 3JZ</wicri:regionArea>
<orgName type="university">Université de Glasgow</orgName>
<placeName>
<settlement type="city">Glasgow</settlement>
<region type="country">Écosse</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Nile, Christopher J" sort="Nile, Christopher J" uniqKey="Nile C" first="Christopher J." last="Nile">Christopher J. Nile</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4">
<nlm:aff id="aff001">
<addr-line>Glasgow Dental School, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, 378 Sauchiehall Street, Glasgow, G2 3JZ, United Kingdom</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Glasgow Dental School, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, 378 Sauchiehall Street, Glasgow, G2 3JZ</wicri:regionArea>
<orgName type="university">Université de Glasgow</orgName>
<placeName>
<settlement type="city">Glasgow</settlement>
<region type="country">Écosse</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Cross, Laura J" sort="Cross, Laura J" uniqKey="Cross L" first="Laura J." last="Cross">Laura J. Cross</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4">
<nlm:aff id="aff001">
<addr-line>Glasgow Dental School, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, 378 Sauchiehall Street, Glasgow, G2 3JZ, United Kingdom</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Glasgow Dental School, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, 378 Sauchiehall Street, Glasgow, G2 3JZ</wicri:regionArea>
<orgName type="university">Université de Glasgow</orgName>
<placeName>
<settlement type="city">Glasgow</settlement>
<region type="country">Écosse</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Riggio, Marcello" sort="Riggio, Marcello" uniqKey="Riggio M" first="Marcello" last="Riggio">Marcello Riggio</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4">
<nlm:aff id="aff001">
<addr-line>Glasgow Dental School, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, 378 Sauchiehall Street, Glasgow, G2 3JZ, United Kingdom</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Glasgow Dental School, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, 378 Sauchiehall Street, Glasgow, G2 3JZ</wicri:regionArea>
<orgName type="university">Université de Glasgow</orgName>
<placeName>
<settlement type="city">Glasgow</settlement>
<region type="country">Écosse</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Sherriff, Andrea" sort="Sherriff, Andrea" uniqKey="Sherriff A" first="Andrea" last="Sherriff">Andrea Sherriff</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4">
<nlm:aff id="aff001">
<addr-line>Glasgow Dental School, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, 378 Sauchiehall Street, Glasgow, G2 3JZ, United Kingdom</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Glasgow Dental School, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, 378 Sauchiehall Street, Glasgow, G2 3JZ</wicri:regionArea>
<orgName type="university">Université de Glasgow</orgName>
<placeName>
<settlement type="city">Glasgow</settlement>
<region type="country">Écosse</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Bradshaw, David" sort="Bradshaw, David" uniqKey="Bradshaw D" first="David" last="Bradshaw">David Bradshaw</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="aff002">
<addr-line>GlaxoSmithKline, St Georges Avenue, Weybridge, Surrey, United Kingdom</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>GlaxoSmithKline, St Georges Avenue, Weybridge, Surrey</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Surrey</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Lambert, Margaret" sort="Lambert, Margaret" uniqKey="Lambert M" first="Margaret" last="Lambert">Margaret Lambert</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="aff002">
<addr-line>GlaxoSmithKline, St Georges Avenue, Weybridge, Surrey, United Kingdom</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>GlaxoSmithKline, St Georges Avenue, Weybridge, Surrey</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Surrey</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Malcolm, Jennifer" sort="Malcolm, Jennifer" uniqKey="Malcolm J" first="Jennifer" last="Malcolm">Jennifer Malcolm</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4">
<nlm:aff id="aff001">
<addr-line>Glasgow Dental School, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, 378 Sauchiehall Street, Glasgow, G2 3JZ, United Kingdom</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Glasgow Dental School, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, 378 Sauchiehall Street, Glasgow, G2 3JZ</wicri:regionArea>
<orgName type="university">Université de Glasgow</orgName>
<placeName>
<settlement type="city">Glasgow</settlement>
<region type="country">Écosse</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Buijs, Mark J" sort="Buijs, Mark J" uniqKey="Buijs M" first="Mark J." last="Buijs">Mark J. Buijs</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3">
<nlm:aff id="aff003">
<addr-line>Department of Preventive Dentistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam and VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">Pays-Bas</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Preventive Dentistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam and VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName>
<settlement type="city">Amsterdam</settlement>
<region nuts="2" type="province">Hollande-Septentrionale</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Zaura, Egija" sort="Zaura, Egija" uniqKey="Zaura E" first="Egija" last="Zaura">Egija Zaura</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3">
<nlm:aff id="aff003">
<addr-line>Department of Preventive Dentistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam and VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">Pays-Bas</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Preventive Dentistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam and VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName>
<settlement type="city">Amsterdam</settlement>
<region nuts="2" type="province">Hollande-Septentrionale</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Crielaard, Wim" sort="Crielaard, Wim" uniqKey="Crielaard W" first="Wim" last="Crielaard">Wim Crielaard</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3">
<nlm:aff id="aff003">
<addr-line>Department of Preventive Dentistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam and VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">Pays-Bas</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Preventive Dentistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam and VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName>
<settlement type="city">Amsterdam</settlement>
<region nuts="2" type="province">Hollande-Septentrionale</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Brandt, Bernd W" sort="Brandt, Bernd W" uniqKey="Brandt B" first="Bernd W." last="Brandt">Bernd W. Brandt</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3">
<nlm:aff id="aff003">
<addr-line>Department of Preventive Dentistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam and VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">Pays-Bas</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Preventive Dentistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam and VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName>
<settlement type="city">Amsterdam</settlement>
<region nuts="2" type="province">Hollande-Septentrionale</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Ramage, Gordon" sort="Ramage, Gordon" uniqKey="Ramage G" first="Gordon" last="Ramage">Gordon Ramage</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4">
<nlm:aff id="aff001">
<addr-line>Glasgow Dental School, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, 378 Sauchiehall Street, Glasgow, G2 3JZ, United Kingdom</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Glasgow Dental School, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, 378 Sauchiehall Street, Glasgow, G2 3JZ</wicri:regionArea>
<orgName type="university">Université de Glasgow</orgName>
<placeName>
<settlement type="city">Glasgow</settlement>
<region type="country">Écosse</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
</titleStmt>
<publicationStmt>
<idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno>
<idno type="pmid">26368937</idno>
<idno type="pmc">4569385</idno>
<idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4569385</idno>
<idno type="RBID">PMC:4569385</idno>
<idno type="doi">10.1371/journal.pone.0137717</idno>
<date when="2015">2015</date>
<idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Corpus">000422</idno>
<idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PMC">000422</idno>
<idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Curation">000422</idno>
<idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Curation">000422</idno>
<idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Checkpoint">000A32</idno>
<idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Checkpoint">000A32</idno>
<idno type="wicri:Area/Ncbi/Merge">005F19</idno>
</publicationStmt>
<sourceDesc>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">The Oral Microbiome of Denture Wearers Is Influenced by Levels of Natural Dentition</title>
<author>
<name sortKey="O Onnell, Lindsay E" sort="O Onnell, Lindsay E" uniqKey="O Onnell L" first="Lindsay E." last="O Onnell">Lindsay E. O Onnell</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4">
<nlm:aff id="aff001">
<addr-line>Glasgow Dental School, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, 378 Sauchiehall Street, Glasgow, G2 3JZ, United Kingdom</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Glasgow Dental School, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, 378 Sauchiehall Street, Glasgow, G2 3JZ</wicri:regionArea>
<orgName type="university">Université de Glasgow</orgName>
<placeName>
<settlement type="city">Glasgow</settlement>
<region type="country">Écosse</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Robertson, Douglas" sort="Robertson, Douglas" uniqKey="Robertson D" first="Douglas" last="Robertson">Douglas Robertson</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4">
<nlm:aff id="aff001">
<addr-line>Glasgow Dental School, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, 378 Sauchiehall Street, Glasgow, G2 3JZ, United Kingdom</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Glasgow Dental School, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, 378 Sauchiehall Street, Glasgow, G2 3JZ</wicri:regionArea>
<orgName type="university">Université de Glasgow</orgName>
<placeName>
<settlement type="city">Glasgow</settlement>
<region type="country">Écosse</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Nile, Christopher J" sort="Nile, Christopher J" uniqKey="Nile C" first="Christopher J." last="Nile">Christopher J. Nile</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4">
<nlm:aff id="aff001">
<addr-line>Glasgow Dental School, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, 378 Sauchiehall Street, Glasgow, G2 3JZ, United Kingdom</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Glasgow Dental School, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, 378 Sauchiehall Street, Glasgow, G2 3JZ</wicri:regionArea>
<orgName type="university">Université de Glasgow</orgName>
<placeName>
<settlement type="city">Glasgow</settlement>
<region type="country">Écosse</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Cross, Laura J" sort="Cross, Laura J" uniqKey="Cross L" first="Laura J." last="Cross">Laura J. Cross</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4">
<nlm:aff id="aff001">
<addr-line>Glasgow Dental School, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, 378 Sauchiehall Street, Glasgow, G2 3JZ, United Kingdom</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Glasgow Dental School, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, 378 Sauchiehall Street, Glasgow, G2 3JZ</wicri:regionArea>
<orgName type="university">Université de Glasgow</orgName>
<placeName>
<settlement type="city">Glasgow</settlement>
<region type="country">Écosse</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Riggio, Marcello" sort="Riggio, Marcello" uniqKey="Riggio M" first="Marcello" last="Riggio">Marcello Riggio</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4">
<nlm:aff id="aff001">
<addr-line>Glasgow Dental School, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, 378 Sauchiehall Street, Glasgow, G2 3JZ, United Kingdom</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Glasgow Dental School, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, 378 Sauchiehall Street, Glasgow, G2 3JZ</wicri:regionArea>
<orgName type="university">Université de Glasgow</orgName>
<placeName>
<settlement type="city">Glasgow</settlement>
<region type="country">Écosse</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Sherriff, Andrea" sort="Sherriff, Andrea" uniqKey="Sherriff A" first="Andrea" last="Sherriff">Andrea Sherriff</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4">
<nlm:aff id="aff001">
<addr-line>Glasgow Dental School, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, 378 Sauchiehall Street, Glasgow, G2 3JZ, United Kingdom</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Glasgow Dental School, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, 378 Sauchiehall Street, Glasgow, G2 3JZ</wicri:regionArea>
<orgName type="university">Université de Glasgow</orgName>
<placeName>
<settlement type="city">Glasgow</settlement>
<region type="country">Écosse</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Bradshaw, David" sort="Bradshaw, David" uniqKey="Bradshaw D" first="David" last="Bradshaw">David Bradshaw</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="aff002">
<addr-line>GlaxoSmithKline, St Georges Avenue, Weybridge, Surrey, United Kingdom</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>GlaxoSmithKline, St Georges Avenue, Weybridge, Surrey</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Surrey</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Lambert, Margaret" sort="Lambert, Margaret" uniqKey="Lambert M" first="Margaret" last="Lambert">Margaret Lambert</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="aff002">
<addr-line>GlaxoSmithKline, St Georges Avenue, Weybridge, Surrey, United Kingdom</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>GlaxoSmithKline, St Georges Avenue, Weybridge, Surrey</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Surrey</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Malcolm, Jennifer" sort="Malcolm, Jennifer" uniqKey="Malcolm J" first="Jennifer" last="Malcolm">Jennifer Malcolm</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4">
<nlm:aff id="aff001">
<addr-line>Glasgow Dental School, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, 378 Sauchiehall Street, Glasgow, G2 3JZ, United Kingdom</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Glasgow Dental School, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, 378 Sauchiehall Street, Glasgow, G2 3JZ</wicri:regionArea>
<orgName type="university">Université de Glasgow</orgName>
<placeName>
<settlement type="city">Glasgow</settlement>
<region type="country">Écosse</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Buijs, Mark J" sort="Buijs, Mark J" uniqKey="Buijs M" first="Mark J." last="Buijs">Mark J. Buijs</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3">
<nlm:aff id="aff003">
<addr-line>Department of Preventive Dentistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam and VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">Pays-Bas</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Preventive Dentistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam and VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName>
<settlement type="city">Amsterdam</settlement>
<region nuts="2" type="province">Hollande-Septentrionale</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Zaura, Egija" sort="Zaura, Egija" uniqKey="Zaura E" first="Egija" last="Zaura">Egija Zaura</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3">
<nlm:aff id="aff003">
<addr-line>Department of Preventive Dentistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam and VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">Pays-Bas</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Preventive Dentistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam and VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName>
<settlement type="city">Amsterdam</settlement>
<region nuts="2" type="province">Hollande-Septentrionale</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Crielaard, Wim" sort="Crielaard, Wim" uniqKey="Crielaard W" first="Wim" last="Crielaard">Wim Crielaard</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3">
<nlm:aff id="aff003">
<addr-line>Department of Preventive Dentistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam and VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">Pays-Bas</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Preventive Dentistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam and VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName>
<settlement type="city">Amsterdam</settlement>
<region nuts="2" type="province">Hollande-Septentrionale</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Brandt, Bernd W" sort="Brandt, Bernd W" uniqKey="Brandt B" first="Bernd W." last="Brandt">Bernd W. Brandt</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3">
<nlm:aff id="aff003">
<addr-line>Department of Preventive Dentistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam and VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">Pays-Bas</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Preventive Dentistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam and VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName>
<settlement type="city">Amsterdam</settlement>
<region nuts="2" type="province">Hollande-Septentrionale</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Ramage, Gordon" sort="Ramage, Gordon" uniqKey="Ramage G" first="Gordon" last="Ramage">Gordon Ramage</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4">
<nlm:aff id="aff001">
<addr-line>Glasgow Dental School, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, 378 Sauchiehall Street, Glasgow, G2 3JZ, United Kingdom</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Glasgow Dental School, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, 378 Sauchiehall Street, Glasgow, G2 3JZ</wicri:regionArea>
<orgName type="university">Université de Glasgow</orgName>
<placeName>
<settlement type="city">Glasgow</settlement>
<region type="country">Écosse</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
</analytic>
<series>
<title level="j">PLoS ONE</title>
<idno type="eISSN">1932-6203</idno>
<imprint>
<date when="2015">2015</date>
</imprint>
</series>
</biblStruct>
</sourceDesc>
</fileDesc>
<profileDesc>
<textClass></textClass>
</profileDesc>
</teiHeader>
<front>
<div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">
<sec id="sec001">
<title>Objectives</title>
<p>The composition of dental plaque has been well defined, whereas currently there is limited understanding of the composition of denture plaque and how it directly influences denture related stomatitis (DS). The aims of this study were to compare the microbiomes of denture wearers, and to understand the implications of these towards inter-kingdom and host-pathogen interactions within the oral cavity.</p>
</sec>
<sec id="sec002">
<title>Methods</title>
<p>Swab samples were obtained from 123 participants wearing either a complete or partial denture; the bacterial composition of each sample was determined using bar-coded illumina MiSeq sequencing of the bacterial hypervariable V4 region of 16S rDNA. Sequencing data processing was undertaken using QIIME, clustered in Operational Taxonomic Units (OTUs) and assigned to taxonomy. The dentures were sonicated to remove the microbial flora residing on the prosthesis, sonicate was then cultured using diagnostic colorex
<italic>Candida</italic>
media. Samples of unstimulated saliva were obtained and antimicrobial peptides (AMP) levels were measured by ELISA.</p>
</sec>
<sec id="sec003">
<title>Results</title>
<p>We have shown that dental and denture plaques are significantly distinct both in composition and diversity and that the oral microbiome composition of a denture wearer is variable and is influenced by the location within the mouth. Dentures and mucosa were predominantly made up of Bacilli and Actinobacteria. Moreover, the presence of natural teeth has a significant impact on the overall microbial composition, when compared to the fully edentulous. Furthermore, increasing levels of
<italic>Candida spp</italic>
. positively correlate with
<italic>Lactobacillus spp</italic>
. AMPs were quantified, though showed no specific correlations.</p>
</sec>
<sec id="sec004">
<title>Conclusions</title>
<p>This is the first study to provide a detailed understanding of the oral microbiome of denture wearers and has provided evidence that DS development is more complex than simply a candidal infection. Both fungal and bacterial kingdoms clearly play a role in defining the progression of DS, though we were unable to show a defined role for AMPs.</p>
</sec>
</div>
</front>
<back>
<div1 type="bibliography">
<listBibl>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Guzman, Jm" uniqKey="Guzman J">JM Guzmán</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Pawliczko, A" uniqKey="Pawliczko A">A Pawliczko</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Beales, S" uniqKey="Beales S">S Beales</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Till, C" uniqKey="Till C">C Till</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Voelcker, I" uniqKey="Voelcker I">I Voelcker</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Muenz, R" uniqKey="Muenz R">R Muenz</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Griffin, So" uniqKey="Griffin S">SO Griffin</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Jones, Ja" uniqKey="Jones J">JA Jones</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Brunson, D" uniqKey="Brunson D">D Brunson</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Griffin, Pm" uniqKey="Griffin P">PM Griffin</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Bailey, Wd" uniqKey="Bailey W">WD Bailey</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Meurman, Jh" uniqKey="Meurman J">JH Meurman</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Hamalainen, P" uniqKey="Hamalainen P">P Hamalainen</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Felton, D" uniqKey="Felton D">D Felton</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Cooper, L" uniqKey="Cooper L">L Cooper</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Duqum, I" uniqKey="Duqum I">I Duqum</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Minsley, G" uniqKey="Minsley G">G Minsley</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Guckes, A" uniqKey="Guckes A">A Guckes</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Haug, S" uniqKey="Haug S">S Haug</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Petersen, Pe" uniqKey="Petersen P">PE Petersen</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Coulthwaite, L" uniqKey="Coulthwaite L">L Coulthwaite</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Verran, J" uniqKey="Verran J">J Verran</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Shulman, Jd" uniqKey="Shulman J">JD Shulman</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Beach, Mm" uniqKey="Beach M">MM Beach</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Rivera Hidalgo, F" uniqKey="Rivera Hidalgo F">F Rivera-Hidalgo</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Gendreau, L" uniqKey="Gendreau L">L Gendreau</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Loewy, Zg" uniqKey="Loewy Z">ZG Loewy</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Jeganathan, S" uniqKey="Jeganathan S">S Jeganathan</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Lin, Cc" uniqKey="Lin C">CC Lin</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Newton, A" uniqKey="Newton A">A Newton</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Salerno, C" uniqKey="Salerno C">C Salerno</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Pascale, M" uniqKey="Pascale M">M Pascale</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Contaldo, M" uniqKey="Contaldo M">M Contaldo</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Esposito, V" uniqKey="Esposito V">V Esposito</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Busciolano, M" uniqKey="Busciolano M">M Busciolano</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Milillo, L" uniqKey="Milillo L">L Milillo</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Morales, Dk" uniqKey="Morales D">DK Morales</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Hogan, Da" uniqKey="Hogan D">DA Hogan</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Shirtliff, Me" uniqKey="Shirtliff M">ME Shirtliff</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Peters, Bm" uniqKey="Peters B">BM Peters</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Jabra Rizk, Ma" uniqKey="Jabra Rizk M">MA Jabra-Rizk</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Sumi, Y" uniqKey="Sumi Y">Y Sumi</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Miura, H" uniqKey="Miura H">H Miura</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Sunakawa, M" uniqKey="Sunakawa M">M Sunakawa</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Michiwaki, Y" uniqKey="Michiwaki Y">Y Michiwaki</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Sakagami, N" uniqKey="Sakagami N">N Sakagami</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Ealla, Kk" uniqKey="Ealla K">KK Ealla</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Ghanta, Sb" uniqKey="Ghanta S">SB Ghanta</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Motupalli, Nk" uniqKey="Motupalli N">NK Motupalli</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Bembalgi, M" uniqKey="Bembalgi M">M Bembalgi</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Madineni, Pk" uniqKey="Madineni P">PK Madineni</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Raju, Pk" uniqKey="Raju P">PK Raju</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Daniluk, T" uniqKey="Daniluk T">T Daniluk</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Fiedoruk, K" uniqKey="Fiedoruk K">K Fiedoruk</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Sciepuk, M" uniqKey="Sciepuk M">M Sciepuk</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Zaremba, Ml" uniqKey="Zaremba M">ML Zaremba</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Rozkiewicz, D" uniqKey="Rozkiewicz D">D Rozkiewicz</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Cylwik Rokicka, D" uniqKey="Cylwik Rokicka D">D Cylwik-Rokicka</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Sumi, Y" uniqKey="Sumi Y">Y Sumi</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Kagami, H" uniqKey="Kagami H">H Kagami</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Ohtsuka, Y" uniqKey="Ohtsuka Y">Y Ohtsuka</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Kakinoki, Y" uniqKey="Kakinoki Y">Y Kakinoki</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Haruguchi, Y" uniqKey="Haruguchi Y">Y Haruguchi</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Miyamoto, H" uniqKey="Miyamoto H">H Miyamoto</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Nikawa, H" uniqKey="Nikawa H">H Nikawa</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Hamada, T" uniqKey="Hamada T">T Hamada</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Yamamoto, T" uniqKey="Yamamoto T">T Yamamoto</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Muller, L" uniqKey="Muller L">L Muller</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Pawelec, G" uniqKey="Pawelec G">G Pawelec</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Castelo Branco, C" uniqKey="Castelo Branco C">C Castelo-Branco</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Soveral, I" uniqKey="Soveral I">I Soveral</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Davidopoulou, S" uniqKey="Davidopoulou S">S Davidopoulou</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Diza, E" uniqKey="Diza E">E Diza</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Sakellari, D" uniqKey="Sakellari D">D Sakellari</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Menexes, G" uniqKey="Menexes G">G Menexes</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Kalfas, S" uniqKey="Kalfas S">S Kalfas</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Malcolm, J" uniqKey="Malcolm J">J Malcolm</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Sherriff, A" uniqKey="Sherriff A">A Sherriff</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Lappin, Df" uniqKey="Lappin D">DF Lappin</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Ramage, G" uniqKey="Ramage G">G Ramage</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Conway, Di" uniqKey="Conway D">DI Conway</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Macpherson, Lm" uniqKey="Macpherson L">LM Macpherson</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Watzinger, F" uniqKey="Watzinger F">F Watzinger</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Suda, M" uniqKey="Suda M">M Suda</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Preuner, S" uniqKey="Preuner S">S Preuner</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Baumgartinger, R" uniqKey="Baumgartinger R">R Baumgartinger</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Ebner, K" uniqKey="Ebner K">K Ebner</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Baskova, L" uniqKey="Baskova L">L Baskova</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Caporaso, Jg" uniqKey="Caporaso J">JG Caporaso</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Lauber, Cl" uniqKey="Lauber C">CL Lauber</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Walters, Wa" uniqKey="Walters W">WA Walters</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Berg Lyons, D" uniqKey="Berg Lyons D">D Berg-Lyons</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Lozupone, Ca" uniqKey="Lozupone C">CA Lozupone</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Turnbaugh, Pj" uniqKey="Turnbaugh P">PJ Turnbaugh</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Kozich, Jj" uniqKey="Kozich J">JJ Kozich</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Westcott, Sl" uniqKey="Westcott S">SL Westcott</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Baxter, Nt" uniqKey="Baxter N">NT Baxter</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Highlander, Sk" uniqKey="Highlander S">SK Highlander</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Schloss, Pd" uniqKey="Schloss P">PD Schloss</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Caporaso, Jg" uniqKey="Caporaso J">JG Caporaso</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Lauber, Cl" uniqKey="Lauber C">CL Lauber</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Walters, Wa" uniqKey="Walters W">WA Walters</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Berg Lyons, D" uniqKey="Berg Lyons D">D Berg-Lyons</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Huntley, J" uniqKey="Huntley J">J Huntley</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Fierer, N" uniqKey="Fierer N">N Fierer</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Bolger, Am" uniqKey="Bolger A">AM Bolger</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Lohse, M" uniqKey="Lohse M">M Lohse</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Usadel, B" uniqKey="Usadel B">B Usadel</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Caporaso, Jg" uniqKey="Caporaso J">JG Caporaso</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Kuczynski, J" uniqKey="Kuczynski J">J Kuczynski</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Stombaugh, J" uniqKey="Stombaugh J">J Stombaugh</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Bittinger, K" uniqKey="Bittinger K">K Bittinger</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Bushman, Fd" uniqKey="Bushman F">FD Bushman</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Costello, Ek" uniqKey="Costello E">EK Costello</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Edgar, Rc" uniqKey="Edgar R">RC Edgar</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Cole, Jr" uniqKey="Cole J">JR Cole</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Wang, Q" uniqKey="Wang Q">Q Wang</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Cardenas, E" uniqKey="Cardenas E">E Cardenas</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Fish, J" uniqKey="Fish J">J Fish</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Chai, B" uniqKey="Chai B">B Chai</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Farris, Rj" uniqKey="Farris R">RJ Farris</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Hans, M" uniqKey="Hans M">M Hans</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Madaan, Hans V" uniqKey="Madaan H">Hans V Madaan</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Dale, Ba" uniqKey="Dale B">BA Dale</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Fredericks, Lp" uniqKey="Fredericks L">LP Fredericks</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Peters, Bm" uniqKey="Peters B">BM Peters</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Zhu, J" uniqKey="Zhu J">J Zhu</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Fidel, Pl" uniqKey="Fidel P">PL Fidel</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Scheper, Ma" uniqKey="Scheper M">MA Scheper</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Hackett, W" uniqKey="Hackett W">W Hackett</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="El Shaye, S" uniqKey="El Shaye S">S El Shaye</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Hammer, O" uniqKey="Hammer O">O Hammer</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Harper, D" uniqKey="Harper D">D Harper</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Ryan, Pd" uniqKey="Ryan P">PD Ryan</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct></biblStruct>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Petersen, Pe" uniqKey="Petersen P">PE Petersen</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Bourgeois, D" uniqKey="Bourgeois D">D Bourgeois</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Ogawa, H" uniqKey="Ogawa H">H Ogawa</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Estupinan Day, S" uniqKey="Estupinan Day S">S Estupinan-Day</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Ndiaye, C" uniqKey="Ndiaye C">C Ndiaye</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Divaris, K" uniqKey="Divaris K">K Divaris</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Ntounis, A" uniqKey="Ntounis A">A Ntounis</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Marinis, A" uniqKey="Marinis A">A Marinis</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Polyzois, G" uniqKey="Polyzois G">G Polyzois</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Polychronopoulou, A" uniqKey="Polychronopoulou A">A Polychronopoulou</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Pereira Cenci, T" uniqKey="Pereira Cenci T">T Pereira-Cenci</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Del Bel Cury, Aa" uniqKey="Del Bel Cury A">AA Del Bel Cury</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Crielaard, W" uniqKey="Crielaard W">W Crielaard</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Ten Cate, Jm" uniqKey="Ten Cate J">JM Ten Cate</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Lamfon, H" uniqKey="Lamfon H">H Lamfon</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Al Karaawi, Z" uniqKey="Al Karaawi Z">Z Al-Karaawi</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Mccullough, M" uniqKey="Mccullough M">M McCullough</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Porter, Sr" uniqKey="Porter S">SR Porter</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Pratten, J" uniqKey="Pratten J">J Pratten</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Campos, Ms" uniqKey="Campos M">MS Campos</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Marchini, L" uniqKey="Marchini L">L Marchini</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Bernardes, La" uniqKey="Bernardes L">LA Bernardes</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Paulino, Lc" uniqKey="Paulino L">LC Paulino</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Nobrega, Fg" uniqKey="Nobrega F">FG Nobrega</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Sachdeo, A" uniqKey="Sachdeo A">A Sachdeo</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Haffajee, Ad" uniqKey="Haffajee A">AD Haffajee</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Socransky, Ss" uniqKey="Socransky S">SS Socransky</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Teles, Fr" uniqKey="Teles F">FR Teles</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Teles, Rp" uniqKey="Teles R">RP Teles</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Sachdeo, A" uniqKey="Sachdeo A">A Sachdeo</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Uzel, Ng" uniqKey="Uzel N">NG Uzel</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Song, Xq" uniqKey="Song X">XQ Song</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Torresyap, G" uniqKey="Torresyap G">G Torresyap</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Wade, Wg" uniqKey="Wade W">WG Wade</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Aas, Ja" uniqKey="Aas J">JA Aas</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Paster, Bj" uniqKey="Paster B">BJ Paster</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Stokes, Ln" uniqKey="Stokes L">LN Stokes</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Olsen, I" uniqKey="Olsen I">I Olsen</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Dewhirst, Fe" uniqKey="Dewhirst F">FE Dewhirst</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Diaz, Pi" uniqKey="Diaz P">PI Diaz</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Chalmers, Ni" uniqKey="Chalmers N">NI Chalmers</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Rickard, Ah" uniqKey="Rickard A">AH Rickard</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Kong, C" uniqKey="Kong C">C Kong</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Milburn, Cl" uniqKey="Milburn C">CL Milburn</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Palmer, Rj" uniqKey="Palmer R">RJ Palmer</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Zaura, E" uniqKey="Zaura E">E Zaura</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Keijser, Bj" uniqKey="Keijser B">BJ Keijser</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Huse, Sm" uniqKey="Huse S">SM Huse</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Crielaard, W" uniqKey="Crielaard W">W Crielaard</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Humphrey, Sp" uniqKey="Humphrey S">SP Humphrey</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Williamson, Rt" uniqKey="Williamson R">RT Williamson</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Diamond, G" uniqKey="Diamond G">G Diamond</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Beckloff, N" uniqKey="Beckloff N">N Beckloff</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Ryan, Lk" uniqKey="Ryan L">LK Ryan</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Bingle, Cd" uniqKey="Bingle C">CD Bingle</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Gorr, Su" uniqKey="Gorr S">SU Gorr</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Dickinson, Bc" uniqKey="Dickinson B">BC Dickinson</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Moffatt, Ce" uniqKey="Moffatt C">CE Moffatt</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Hagerty, D" uniqKey="Hagerty D">D Hagerty</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Whitmore, Se" uniqKey="Whitmore S">SE Whitmore</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Brown, Ta" uniqKey="Brown T">TA Brown</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Graves, Dt" uniqKey="Graves D">DT Graves</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Signat, B" uniqKey="Signat B">B Signat</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Roques, C" uniqKey="Roques C">C Roques</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Poulet, P" uniqKey="Poulet P">P Poulet</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Duffaut, D" uniqKey="Duffaut D">D Duffaut</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Kinane, Df" uniqKey="Kinane D">DF Kinane</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Galicia, Jc" uniqKey="Galicia J">JC Galicia</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Gorr, Su" uniqKey="Gorr S">SU Gorr</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Stathopoulou, Pg" uniqKey="Stathopoulou P">PG Stathopoulou</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Benakanakere, M" uniqKey="Benakanakere M">M Benakanakere</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Pfaller, Ma" uniqKey="Pfaller M">MA Pfaller</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Castanheira, M" uniqKey="Castanheira M">M Castanheira</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Lockhart, Sr" uniqKey="Lockhart S">SR Lockhart</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Ahlquist, Am" uniqKey="Ahlquist A">AM Ahlquist</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Messer, Sa" uniqKey="Messer S">SA Messer</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Jones, Rn" uniqKey="Jones R">RN Jones</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Lewis, Js" uniqKey="Lewis J">JS Lewis</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Wiederhold, Np" uniqKey="Wiederhold N">NP Wiederhold</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Wickes, Bl" uniqKey="Wickes B">BL Wickes</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Patterson, Tf" uniqKey="Patterson T">TF Patterson</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Jorgensen, Jh" uniqKey="Jorgensen J">JH Jorgensen</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Klingspor, L" uniqKey="Klingspor L">L Klingspor</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Tortorano, Am" uniqKey="Tortorano A">AM Tortorano</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Peman, J" uniqKey="Peman J">J Peman</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Willinger, B" uniqKey="Willinger B">B Willinger</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Hamal, P" uniqKey="Hamal P">P Hamal</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Sendid, B" uniqKey="Sendid B">B Sendid</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Alves, Ct" uniqKey="Alves C">CT Alves</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Wei, Xq" uniqKey="Wei X">XQ Wei</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Silva, S" uniqKey="Silva S">S Silva</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Azeredo, J" uniqKey="Azeredo J">J Azeredo</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Henriques, M" uniqKey="Henriques M">M Henriques</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Williams, Dw" uniqKey="Williams D">DW Williams</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Kraneveld, Ea" uniqKey="Kraneveld E">EA Kraneveld</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Buijs, Mj" uniqKey="Buijs M">MJ Buijs</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Bonder, Mj" uniqKey="Bonder M">MJ Bonder</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Visser, M" uniqKey="Visser M">M Visser</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Keijser, Bj" uniqKey="Keijser B">BJ Keijser</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Crielaard, W" uniqKey="Crielaard W">W Crielaard</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Orsi, Cf" uniqKey="Orsi C">CF Orsi</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Sabia, C" uniqKey="Sabia C">C Sabia</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Ardizzoni, A" uniqKey="Ardizzoni A">A Ardizzoni</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Colombari, B" uniqKey="Colombari B">B Colombari</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Neglia, Rg" uniqKey="Neglia R">RG Neglia</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Peppoloni, S" uniqKey="Peppoloni S">S Peppoloni</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Bilhan, H" uniqKey="Bilhan H">H Bilhan</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Sulun, T" uniqKey="Sulun T">T Sulun</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Erkose, G" uniqKey="Erkose G">G Erkose</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Kurt, H" uniqKey="Kurt H">H Kurt</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Erturan, Z" uniqKey="Erturan Z">Z Erturan</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Kutay, O" uniqKey="Kutay O">O Kutay</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Jiang, Q" uniqKey="Jiang Q">Q Jiang</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Stamatova, I" uniqKey="Stamatova I">I Stamatova</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Kari, K" uniqKey="Kari K">K Kari</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Meurman, Jh" uniqKey="Meurman J">JH Meurman</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Visvanathan, V" uniqKey="Visvanathan V">V Visvanathan</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Nix, P" uniqKey="Nix P">P Nix</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Radek, K" uniqKey="Radek K">K Radek</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Gallo, R" uniqKey="Gallo R">R Gallo</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Bals, R" uniqKey="Bals R">R Bals</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
</listBibl>
</div1>
</back>
</TEI>
<pmc article-type="research-article">
<pmc-dir>properties open_access</pmc-dir>
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">PLoS One</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">PLoS ONE</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">plos</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="pmc">plosone</journal-id>
<journal-title-group>
<journal-title>PLoS ONE</journal-title>
</journal-title-group>
<issn pub-type="epub">1932-6203</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name>Public Library of Science</publisher-name>
<publisher-loc>San Francisco, CA USA</publisher-loc>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id pub-id-type="pmid">26368937</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="pmc">4569385</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1371/journal.pone.0137717</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">PONE-D-15-32930</article-id>
<article-categories>
<subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
<subject>Research Article</subject>
</subj-group>
</article-categories>
<title-group>
<article-title>The Oral Microbiome of Denture Wearers Is Influenced by Levels of Natural Dentition</article-title>
<alt-title alt-title-type="running-head">Oral Microbiome Analysis of Denture Wearers</alt-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>O’Donnell</surname>
<given-names>Lindsay E.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff001">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Robertson</surname>
<given-names>Douglas</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff001">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Nile</surname>
<given-names>Christopher J.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff001">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Cross</surname>
<given-names>Laura J.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff001">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Riggio</surname>
<given-names>Marcello</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff001">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Sherriff</surname>
<given-names>Andrea</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff001">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Bradshaw</surname>
<given-names>David</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff002">
<sup>2</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Lambert</surname>
<given-names>Margaret</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff002">
<sup>2</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Malcolm</surname>
<given-names>Jennifer</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff001">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Buijs</surname>
<given-names>Mark J.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff003">
<sup>3</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Zaura</surname>
<given-names>Egija</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff003">
<sup>3</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Crielaard</surname>
<given-names>Wim</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff003">
<sup>3</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Brandt</surname>
<given-names>Bernd W.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff003">
<sup>3</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Ramage</surname>
<given-names>Gordon</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff001">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
<xref rid="cor001" ref-type="corresp">*</xref>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="aff001">
<label>1</label>
<addr-line>Glasgow Dental School, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, 378 Sauchiehall Street, Glasgow, G2 3JZ, United Kingdom</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff002">
<label>2</label>
<addr-line>GlaxoSmithKline, St Georges Avenue, Weybridge, Surrey, United Kingdom</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff003">
<label>3</label>
<addr-line>Department of Preventive Dentistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam and VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands</addr-line>
</aff>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="editor">
<name>
<surname>Wen</surname>
<given-names>Zezhang</given-names>
</name>
<role>Editor</role>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="edit1"></xref>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="edit1">
<addr-line>LSU Health Sciences Center School of Dentistry, UNITED STATES</addr-line>
</aff>
<author-notes>
<fn fn-type="conflict" id="coi001">
<p>
<bold>Competing Interests: </bold>
GlaxoSmithKline (GSK) supported this project and were involved in the initial discussions at the conception of the study. David Bradshaw and Margaret Lambert are employed by GlaxoSmithKline and Gordon Ramage acted as a key opinion leader for GSK. There are no patents, products in development or marketed products to declare. This does not alter the authors' adherence to all the PLOS ONE policies on sharing data and materials, as detailed online in the guide for authors.</p>
</fn>
<fn fn-type="con" id="contrib001">
<p>Conceived and designed the experiments: LEO GR DR EZ WC BB ML DB. Performed the experiments: LEO MB DR LJC. Analyzed the data: LEO GR EZ JM AS BB. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: GR WC EZ MR LJC DR. Wrote the paper: LEO GR MR CN LJC JM AS EZ WC BB DB.</p>
</fn>
<corresp id="cor001">* E-mail:
<email>gordon.ramage@glasgow.ac.uk</email>
</corresp>
</author-notes>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>14</day>
<month>9</month>
<year>2015</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="collection">
<year>2015</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>10</volume>
<issue>9</issue>
<elocation-id>e0137717</elocation-id>
<history>
<date date-type="received">
<day>27</day>
<month>7</month>
<year>2015</year>
</date>
<date date-type="accepted">
<day>21</day>
<month>8</month>
<year>2015</year>
</date>
</history>
<permissions>
<copyright-year>2015</copyright-year>
<copyright-holder>O’Donnell et al</copyright-holder>
<license xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">
<license-p>This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the
<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">Creative Commons Attribution License</ext-link>
, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited</license-p>
</license>
</permissions>
<self-uri content-type="pdf" xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="pone.0137717.pdf"></self-uri>
<abstract>
<sec id="sec001">
<title>Objectives</title>
<p>The composition of dental plaque has been well defined, whereas currently there is limited understanding of the composition of denture plaque and how it directly influences denture related stomatitis (DS). The aims of this study were to compare the microbiomes of denture wearers, and to understand the implications of these towards inter-kingdom and host-pathogen interactions within the oral cavity.</p>
</sec>
<sec id="sec002">
<title>Methods</title>
<p>Swab samples were obtained from 123 participants wearing either a complete or partial denture; the bacterial composition of each sample was determined using bar-coded illumina MiSeq sequencing of the bacterial hypervariable V4 region of 16S rDNA. Sequencing data processing was undertaken using QIIME, clustered in Operational Taxonomic Units (OTUs) and assigned to taxonomy. The dentures were sonicated to remove the microbial flora residing on the prosthesis, sonicate was then cultured using diagnostic colorex
<italic>Candida</italic>
media. Samples of unstimulated saliva were obtained and antimicrobial peptides (AMP) levels were measured by ELISA.</p>
</sec>
<sec id="sec003">
<title>Results</title>
<p>We have shown that dental and denture plaques are significantly distinct both in composition and diversity and that the oral microbiome composition of a denture wearer is variable and is influenced by the location within the mouth. Dentures and mucosa were predominantly made up of Bacilli and Actinobacteria. Moreover, the presence of natural teeth has a significant impact on the overall microbial composition, when compared to the fully edentulous. Furthermore, increasing levels of
<italic>Candida spp</italic>
. positively correlate with
<italic>Lactobacillus spp</italic>
. AMPs were quantified, though showed no specific correlations.</p>
</sec>
<sec id="sec004">
<title>Conclusions</title>
<p>This is the first study to provide a detailed understanding of the oral microbiome of denture wearers and has provided evidence that DS development is more complex than simply a candidal infection. Both fungal and bacterial kingdoms clearly play a role in defining the progression of DS, though we were unable to show a defined role for AMPs.</p>
</sec>
</abstract>
<funding-group>
<funding-statement>This study was funded by the BBSRC CASE studentship (BB/K501013/1) awarded to Prof Gordon Ramage and Dr Douglas Robertson. GlaxoSmithKline (GSK) also supported this project. GSK were involved in the initial discussions at the conception of the study. GlaxoSmithKline provided support in the form of salaries for authors DB and ML, but did not have any additional role in the study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. The specific roles of these authors are articulated in the "author contributions" section.</funding-statement>
</funding-group>
<counts>
<fig-count count="7"></fig-count>
<table-count count="2"></table-count>
<page-count count="22"></page-count>
</counts>
<custom-meta-group>
<custom-meta id="data-availability">
<meta-name>Data Availability</meta-name>
<meta-value>All relevant data are within the paper and its Supporting Information files.</meta-value>
</custom-meta>
</custom-meta-group>
</article-meta>
<notes>
<title>Data Availability</title>
<p>All relevant data are within the paper and its Supporting Information files.</p>
</notes>
</front>
</pmc>
<affiliations>
<list>
<country>
<li>Pays-Bas</li>
<li>Royaume-Uni</li>
</country>
<region>
<li>Hollande-Septentrionale</li>
<li>Écosse</li>
</region>
<settlement>
<li>Amsterdam</li>
<li>Glasgow</li>
</settlement>
<orgName>
<li>Université de Glasgow</li>
</orgName>
</list>
<tree>
<country name="Royaume-Uni">
<region name="Écosse">
<name sortKey="O Onnell, Lindsay E" sort="O Onnell, Lindsay E" uniqKey="O Onnell L" first="Lindsay E." last="O Onnell">Lindsay E. O Onnell</name>
</region>
<name sortKey="Bradshaw, David" sort="Bradshaw, David" uniqKey="Bradshaw D" first="David" last="Bradshaw">David Bradshaw</name>
<name sortKey="Cross, Laura J" sort="Cross, Laura J" uniqKey="Cross L" first="Laura J." last="Cross">Laura J. Cross</name>
<name sortKey="Lambert, Margaret" sort="Lambert, Margaret" uniqKey="Lambert M" first="Margaret" last="Lambert">Margaret Lambert</name>
<name sortKey="Malcolm, Jennifer" sort="Malcolm, Jennifer" uniqKey="Malcolm J" first="Jennifer" last="Malcolm">Jennifer Malcolm</name>
<name sortKey="Nile, Christopher J" sort="Nile, Christopher J" uniqKey="Nile C" first="Christopher J." last="Nile">Christopher J. Nile</name>
<name sortKey="Ramage, Gordon" sort="Ramage, Gordon" uniqKey="Ramage G" first="Gordon" last="Ramage">Gordon Ramage</name>
<name sortKey="Riggio, Marcello" sort="Riggio, Marcello" uniqKey="Riggio M" first="Marcello" last="Riggio">Marcello Riggio</name>
<name sortKey="Robertson, Douglas" sort="Robertson, Douglas" uniqKey="Robertson D" first="Douglas" last="Robertson">Douglas Robertson</name>
<name sortKey="Sherriff, Andrea" sort="Sherriff, Andrea" uniqKey="Sherriff A" first="Andrea" last="Sherriff">Andrea Sherriff</name>
</country>
<country name="Pays-Bas">
<region name="Hollande-Septentrionale">
<name sortKey="Buijs, Mark J" sort="Buijs, Mark J" uniqKey="Buijs M" first="Mark J." last="Buijs">Mark J. Buijs</name>
</region>
<name sortKey="Brandt, Bernd W" sort="Brandt, Bernd W" uniqKey="Brandt B" first="Bernd W." last="Brandt">Bernd W. Brandt</name>
<name sortKey="Crielaard, Wim" sort="Crielaard, Wim" uniqKey="Crielaard W" first="Wim" last="Crielaard">Wim Crielaard</name>
<name sortKey="Zaura, Egija" sort="Zaura, Egija" uniqKey="Zaura E" first="Egija" last="Zaura">Egija Zaura</name>
</country>
</tree>
</affiliations>
</record>

Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)

EXPLOR_STEP=$WICRI_ROOT/Wicri/Santé/explor/EdenteV2/Data/Ncbi/Merge
HfdSelect -h $EXPLOR_STEP/biblio.hfd -nk 005F19 | SxmlIndent | more

Ou

HfdSelect -h $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/Ncbi/Merge/biblio.hfd -nk 005F19 | SxmlIndent | more

Pour mettre un lien sur cette page dans le réseau Wicri

{{Explor lien
   |wiki=    Wicri/Santé
   |area=    EdenteV2
   |flux=    Ncbi
   |étape=   Merge
   |type=    RBID
   |clé=     PMC:4569385
   |texte=   The Oral Microbiome of Denture Wearers Is Influenced by Levels of Natural Dentition
}}

Pour générer des pages wiki

HfdIndexSelect -h $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/Ncbi/Merge/RBID.i   -Sk "pubmed:26368937" \
       | HfdSelect -Kh $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/Ncbi/Merge/biblio.hfd   \
       | NlmPubMed2Wicri -a EdenteV2 

Wicri

This area was generated with Dilib version V0.6.32.
Data generation: Thu Nov 30 15:26:48 2017. Site generation: Tue Mar 8 16:36:20 2022