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Does matching relation exist between the length and the tilting angle of terminal implants in the all-on-four protocol? stress distributions by 3D finite element analysis

Identifieur interne : 005D01 ( Ncbi/Merge ); précédent : 005D00; suivant : 005D02

Does matching relation exist between the length and the tilting angle of terminal implants in the all-on-four protocol? stress distributions by 3D finite element analysis

Auteurs : Xiaomei Li [République populaire de Chine] ; Zhizhong Cao [République populaire de Chine] ; Xiaoqian Qiu [République populaire de Chine] ; Zhen Tang [République populaire de Chine] ; Lulu Gong [République populaire de Chine] ; Dalin Wang [République populaire de Chine]

Source :

RBID : PMC:4486620

Abstract

PURPOSE

To explore whether there is matching relation between the length and the tilting angle of terminal implants in the All-on-Four protocol by studying the effects of different implant configurations on stress distributions of implant, bone, and framework.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Four implants were employed to support a full-arch fixed prosthesis and five three-dimensional finite element models were established with CT images, based on the length (S and L) and distal tilt angle (0°, 30° and 45°) of terminal implants for an edentulous mandible, which named: Tilt0-S, Tilt30-S, Tilt30-L, Tilt45-S and Tilt45-L. An oblique 240 N was loaded at second molar. The von Mises Stresses were analyzed. The implants were consecutively named #1 to #4 from the loading point.

RESULTS

1) Tilt0-S had the greatest stress on the implants, with the other groups exhibiting variable reductions; the four implants of Tilt45-L demonstrated the greatest reduction in stress. 2) Tilt0-S had the greatest stress at bone around #1 implant neck, and Tilt45-L exhibited the least stress, which was a 36.3% reduction compared to Tilt0-S. 3) The greatest stress in the framework was found on the cantilevers distal to #1 implant. Tilt45-S exhibited the least stress.

CONCLUSION

Matching different length and tilting angle of the terminal implants led to variable stress reductions on implants, bone and the superstructure. By optimizing implant configuration, the reduction of stress on implants and surrounding bone could be maximized. Under the present condition, Tilt45-L was the preferred configuration. Further clinical testings are required.


Url:
DOI: 10.4047/jap.2015.7.3.240
PubMed: 26140176
PubMed Central: 4486620

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<p>To explore whether there is matching relation between the length and the tilting angle of terminal implants in the All-on-Four protocol by studying the effects of different implant configurations on stress distributions of implant, bone, and framework.</p>
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<sec>
<title>MATERIALS AND METHODS</title>
<p>Four implants were employed to support a full-arch fixed prosthesis and five three-dimensional finite element models were established with CT images, based on the length (S and L) and distal tilt angle (0°, 30° and 45°) of terminal implants for an edentulous mandible, which named: Tilt0-S, Tilt30-S, Tilt30-L, Tilt45-S and Tilt45-L. An oblique 240 N was loaded at second molar. The von Mises Stresses were analyzed. The implants were consecutively named #1 to #4 from the loading point.</p>
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<title>RESULTS</title>
<p>1) Tilt0-S had the greatest stress on the implants, with the other groups exhibiting variable reductions; the four implants of Tilt45-L demonstrated the greatest reduction in stress. 2) Tilt0-S had the greatest stress at bone around #1 implant neck, and Tilt45-L exhibited the least stress, which was a 36.3% reduction compared to Tilt0-S. 3) The greatest stress in the framework was found on the cantilevers distal to #1 implant. Tilt45-S exhibited the least stress.</p>
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<p>Matching different length and tilting angle of the terminal implants led to variable stress reductions on implants, bone and the superstructure. By optimizing implant configuration, the reduction of stress on implants and surrounding bone could be maximized. Under the present condition, Tilt45-L was the preferred configuration. Further clinical testings are required.</p>
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<name sortKey="Zampelis, A" uniqKey="Zampelis A">A Zampelis</name>
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<author>
<name sortKey="Rangert, B" uniqKey="Rangert B">B Rangert</name>
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</TEI>
<pmc article-type="research-article">
<pmc-dir>properties open_access</pmc-dir>
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">J Adv Prosthodont</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">J Adv Prosthodont</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">JAP</journal-id>
<journal-title-group>
<journal-title>The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics</journal-title>
</journal-title-group>
<issn pub-type="ppub">2005-7806</issn>
<issn pub-type="epub">2005-7814</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name>The Korean Academy of Prosthodontics</publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id pub-id-type="pmid">26140176</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="pmc">4486620</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.4047/jap.2015.7.3.240</article-id>
<article-categories>
<subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
<subject>Original Article</subject>
</subj-group>
</article-categories>
<title-group>
<article-title>Does matching relation exist between the length and the tilting angle of terminal implants in the all-on-four protocol? stress distributions by 3D finite element analysis</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Li</surname>
<given-names>Xiaomei</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A1">1</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Cao</surname>
<given-names>Zhizhong</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A1">1</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Qiu</surname>
<given-names>Xiaoqian</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A1">1</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Tang</surname>
<given-names>Zhen</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A1">1</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Gong</surname>
<given-names>Lulu</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A2">2</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes">
<name>
<surname>Wang</surname>
<given-names>Dalin</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A1">1</xref>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="A1">
<label>1</label>
Department of Stomatology, Changhai Hospital, Shanghai, China.</aff>
<aff id="A2">
<label>2</label>
School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.</aff>
<author-notes>
<corresp>Corresponding author: Dalin Wang. Department of Stomatology, Changhai Hospital, 168 Changhai Road, Shanghai 200433, China. Tel. 86 21 31162490:
<email>wang_dento@163.com</email>
</corresp>
</author-notes>
<pub-date pub-type="ppub">
<month>6</month>
<year>2015</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>23</day>
<month>6</month>
<year>2015</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>7</volume>
<issue>3</issue>
<fpage>240</fpage>
<lpage>248</lpage>
<history>
<date date-type="received">
<day>04</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2014</year>
</date>
<date date-type="rev-recd">
<day>23</day>
<month>2</month>
<year>2015</year>
</date>
<date date-type="accepted">
<day>18</day>
<month>3</month>
<year>2015</year>
</date>
</history>
<permissions>
<copyright-statement>© 2015 The Korean Academy of Prosthodontics</copyright-statement>
<copyright-year>2015</copyright-year>
<license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/">
<license-p>This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (
<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/">http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/</ext-link>
) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.</license-p>
</license>
</permissions>
<abstract>
<sec>
<title>PURPOSE</title>
<p>To explore whether there is matching relation between the length and the tilting angle of terminal implants in the All-on-Four protocol by studying the effects of different implant configurations on stress distributions of implant, bone, and framework.</p>
</sec>
<sec>
<title>MATERIALS AND METHODS</title>
<p>Four implants were employed to support a full-arch fixed prosthesis and five three-dimensional finite element models were established with CT images, based on the length (S and L) and distal tilt angle (0°, 30° and 45°) of terminal implants for an edentulous mandible, which named: Tilt0-S, Tilt30-S, Tilt30-L, Tilt45-S and Tilt45-L. An oblique 240 N was loaded at second molar. The von Mises Stresses were analyzed. The implants were consecutively named #1 to #4 from the loading point.</p>
</sec>
<sec>
<title>RESULTS</title>
<p>1) Tilt0-S had the greatest stress on the implants, with the other groups exhibiting variable reductions; the four implants of Tilt45-L demonstrated the greatest reduction in stress. 2) Tilt0-S had the greatest stress at bone around #1 implant neck, and Tilt45-L exhibited the least stress, which was a 36.3% reduction compared to Tilt0-S. 3) The greatest stress in the framework was found on the cantilevers distal to #1 implant. Tilt45-S exhibited the least stress.</p>
</sec>
<sec>
<title>CONCLUSION</title>
<p>Matching different length and tilting angle of the terminal implants led to variable stress reductions on implants, bone and the superstructure. By optimizing implant configuration, the reduction of stress on implants and surrounding bone could be maximized. Under the present condition, Tilt45-L was the preferred configuration. Further clinical testings are required.</p>
</sec>
</abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd>All-on-Four</kwd>
<kwd>Edentulous mandibles</kwd>
<kwd>Fixed prosthesis</kwd>
<kwd>Implant</kwd>
<kwd>Finite element analysis</kwd>
<kwd>Stress</kwd>
</kwd-group>
<funding-group>
<award-group>
<funding-source country="CN">National Natural Science Foundation</funding-source>
<award-id>81170987</award-id>
</award-group>
<award-group>
<funding-source country="CN">Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai</funding-source>
<award-id>12ZR1438400</award-id>
</award-group>
</funding-group>
</article-meta>
</front>
<floats-group>
<fig id="F1" orientation="portrait" position="float">
<label>Fig. 1</label>
<caption>
<title>Schematic diagram of the model design and implant ID.</title>
</caption>
<graphic xlink:href="jap-7-240-g001"></graphic>
</fig>
<fig id="F2" orientation="portrait" position="float">
<label>Fig. 2</label>
<caption>
<title>The maximum von Mises stresses of 4 implants in the five implant configuration model groups.</title>
</caption>
<graphic xlink:href="jap-7-240-g002"></graphic>
</fig>
<fig id="F3" orientation="portrait" position="float">
<label>Fig. 3</label>
<caption>
<title>Stress contours of the four implants in the five model groups. The color scale revealed that from left to right, the stress increased. To show the position of the maximum stress, each model group was observed from different directions. The implants with the red mark were the #1 implants on the loading side. (A) Tilt30-L, (B) Tilt30-S, (C) Tilt0-S, (D) Tilt45-S, (E) Tilt45-L.</title>
</caption>
<graphic xlink:href="jap-7-240-g003"></graphic>
</fig>
<fig id="F4" orientation="portrait" position="float">
<label>Fig. 4</label>
<caption>
<title>Contours of the maximum von Mises stress level at the implant-bone interfaces of the five model groups (the #1 implant lied in the end of the right side). The color scale revealed that from left to right, the stress increased. (A) Tilt45-L, (B) Tilt30-L, (C) Tilt30-S, (D) Tilt0-S, (E) Tilt45-S.</title>
</caption>
<graphic xlink:href="jap-7-240-g004"></graphic>
</fig>
<fig id="F5" orientation="portrait" position="float">
<label>Fig. 5</label>
<caption>
<title>The maximum von Mises stress in the five model groups at the implant-bone interface.</title>
</caption>
<graphic xlink:href="jap-7-240-g005"></graphic>
</fig>
<fig id="F6" orientation="portrait" position="float">
<label>Fig. 6</label>
<caption>
<title>Stress distribution contours showed on the tissue surface of the framework in the five model groups (the end of the left side was the corresponding site to the #1 implant on the loading side). The color scale revealed that from left to right, the stress increased. (A) Tilt30-L, (B) Tilt0-S, (C) Tilt30-S, (D) Tilt 45-S, (E) Tilt 45-L.</title>
</caption>
<graphic xlink:href="jap-7-240-g006"></graphic>
</fig>
<fig id="F7" orientation="portrait" position="float">
<label>Fig. 7</label>
<caption>
<title>The maximum von Mises stress on the framework in the five model groups.</title>
</caption>
<graphic xlink:href="jap-7-240-g007"></graphic>
</fig>
<table-wrap id="T1" orientation="portrait" position="float">
<label>Table 1</label>
<caption>
<title>Mechanical properties used in the finite element analysis</title>
</caption>
<alternatives>
<graphic xlink:href="jap-7-240-i001"></graphic>
<table frame="hsides" rules="rows">
<thead>
<tr>
<th valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Material</th>
<th valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Young's module (MPa)</th>
<th valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Poisson Ratio</th>
<th valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Reference</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td valign="middle" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Titanium (implant)</td>
<td valign="middle" align="right" rowspan="1" colspan="1">117,000</td>
<td valign="middle" align="right" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.33</td>
<td valign="middle" align="right" rowspan="1" colspan="1">
<xref rid="B24" ref-type="bibr">24</xref>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Alloy (superstructure, Au 2%, Pd 80%)</td>
<td valign="top" align="right" rowspan="1" colspan="1">89,500</td>
<td valign="top" align="right" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.33</td>
<td valign="top" align="right" rowspan="1" colspan="1">
<xref rid="B8" ref-type="bibr">8</xref>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Cortical bone</td>
<td valign="top" align="right" rowspan="1" colspan="1">13,700</td>
<td valign="top" align="right" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.30</td>
<td valign="top" align="right" rowspan="1" colspan="1">
<xref rid="B24" ref-type="bibr">24</xref>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</alternatives>
</table-wrap>
<table-wrap id="T2" orientation="portrait" position="float">
<label>Table 2</label>
<caption>
<title>The five implant configuration model groups and their parameter values</title>
</caption>
<alternatives>
<graphic xlink:href="jap-7-240-i002"></graphic>
<table frame="hsides" rules="rows">
<thead>
<tr>
<th valign="middle" align="center" rowspan="2" colspan="1">Group</th>
<th valign="middle" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="2">Terminal implant</th>
<th valign="middle" align="center" rowspan="2" colspan="1">Length of cantilever (mm)</th>
<th valign="middle" align="center" rowspan="2" colspan="1">Nodes</th>
<th valign="middle" align="center" rowspan="2" colspan="1">Elements</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th valign="middle" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Tilt angle</th>
<th valign="middle" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Length (mm)</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td valign="middle" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Tilt0-S</td>
<td valign="middle" align="right" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td>
<td valign="middle" align="right" rowspan="1" colspan="1">10</td>
<td valign="middle" align="right" rowspan="1" colspan="1">17</td>
<td valign="middle" align="right" rowspan="1" colspan="1">111837</td>
<td valign="middle" align="right" rowspan="1" colspan="1">517661</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Tilt30-S</td>
<td valign="top" align="right" rowspan="1" colspan="1">30°</td>
<td valign="top" align="right" rowspan="1" colspan="1">10</td>
<td valign="top" align="right" rowspan="1" colspan="1">12</td>
<td valign="top" align="right" rowspan="1" colspan="1">111901</td>
<td valign="top" align="right" rowspan="1" colspan="1">517942</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Tilt30-L</td>
<td valign="top" align="right" rowspan="1" colspan="1">30°</td>
<td valign="top" align="right" rowspan="1" colspan="1">12</td>
<td valign="top" align="right" rowspan="1" colspan="1">11</td>
<td valign="top" align="right" rowspan="1" colspan="1">112585</td>
<td valign="top" align="right" rowspan="1" colspan="1">521747</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Tilt45-S</td>
<td valign="top" align="right" rowspan="1" colspan="1">45°</td>
<td valign="top" align="right" rowspan="1" colspan="1">10</td>
<td valign="top" align="right" rowspan="1" colspan="1">10</td>
<td valign="top" align="right" rowspan="1" colspan="1">112088</td>
<td valign="top" align="right" rowspan="1" colspan="1">518750</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Tilt45-L</td>
<td valign="top" align="right" rowspan="1" colspan="1">45°</td>
<td valign="top" align="right" rowspan="1" colspan="1">14</td>
<td valign="top" align="right" rowspan="1" colspan="1">7</td>
<td valign="top" align="right" rowspan="1" colspan="1">112816</td>
<td valign="top" align="right" rowspan="1" colspan="1">522962</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</alternatives>
</table-wrap>
</floats-group>
</pmc>
<affiliations>
<list>
<country>
<li>République populaire de Chine</li>
</country>
</list>
<tree>
<country name="République populaire de Chine">
<noRegion>
<name sortKey="Li, Xiaomei" sort="Li, Xiaomei" uniqKey="Li X" first="Xiaomei" last="Li">Xiaomei Li</name>
</noRegion>
<name sortKey="Cao, Zhizhong" sort="Cao, Zhizhong" uniqKey="Cao Z" first="Zhizhong" last="Cao">Zhizhong Cao</name>
<name sortKey="Gong, Lulu" sort="Gong, Lulu" uniqKey="Gong L" first="Lulu" last="Gong">Lulu Gong</name>
<name sortKey="Qiu, Xiaoqian" sort="Qiu, Xiaoqian" uniqKey="Qiu X" first="Xiaoqian" last="Qiu">Xiaoqian Qiu</name>
<name sortKey="Tang, Zhen" sort="Tang, Zhen" uniqKey="Tang Z" first="Zhen" last="Tang">Zhen Tang</name>
<name sortKey="Wang, Dalin" sort="Wang, Dalin" uniqKey="Wang D" first="Dalin" last="Wang">Dalin Wang</name>
</country>
</tree>
</affiliations>
</record>

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