On the Feasibility of Utilizing Allogeneic Bone Blocks for Atrophic Maxillary Augmentation
Identifieur interne : 005736 ( Ncbi/Merge ); précédent : 005735; suivant : 005737On the Feasibility of Utilizing Allogeneic Bone Blocks for Atrophic Maxillary Augmentation
Auteurs : Alberto Monje [États-Unis] ; Michael A. Pikos [États-Unis] ; Hsun-Liang Chan [États-Unis] ; Fernando Suarez [États-Unis] ; Jordi Gargallo-Albiol [Espagne] ; Federico Hernández-Alfaro [Espagne] ; Pablo Galindo-Moreno [Espagne] ; Hom-Lay Wang [États-Unis]Source :
- BioMed Research International [ 2314-6133 ] ; 2014.
Abstract
Url:
DOI: 10.1155/2014/814578
PubMed: 25535616
PubMed Central: 4177739
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<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">On the Feasibility of Utilizing Allogeneic Bone Blocks for Atrophic Maxillary Augmentation</title><author><name sortKey="Monje, Alberto" sort="Monje, Alberto" uniqKey="Monje A" first="Alberto" last="Monje">Alberto Monje</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="I1">Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Michigan</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pikos, Michael A" sort="Pikos, Michael A" uniqKey="Pikos M" first="Michael A." last="Pikos">Michael A. Pikos</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="I2">Private practice, Palm Beach, FL, USA</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Private practice, Palm Beach, FL</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Floride</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Chan, Hsun Liang" sort="Chan, Hsun Liang" uniqKey="Chan H" first="Hsun-Liang" last="Chan">Hsun-Liang Chan</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="I1">Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Michigan</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Suarez, Fernando" sort="Suarez, Fernando" uniqKey="Suarez F" first="Fernando" last="Suarez">Fernando Suarez</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="I1">Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Michigan</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gargallo Albiol, Jordi" sort="Gargallo Albiol, Jordi" uniqKey="Gargallo Albiol J" first="Jordi" last="Gargallo-Albiol">Jordi Gargallo-Albiol</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="I3">Department of Oral Surgery and Implant Dentistry, International University of Catalonia, Barcelona, Spain</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Espagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Oral Surgery and Implant Dentistry, International University of Catalonia, Barcelona</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Barcelone</settlement><region nuts="2" type="region">Catalogne</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hernandez Alfaro, Federico" sort="Hernandez Alfaro, Federico" uniqKey="Hernandez Alfaro F" first="Federico" last="Hernández-Alfaro">Federico Hernández-Alfaro</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="I3">Department of Oral Surgery and Implant Dentistry, International University of Catalonia, Barcelona, Spain</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Espagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Oral Surgery and Implant Dentistry, International University of Catalonia, Barcelona</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Barcelone</settlement><region nuts="2" type="region">Catalogne</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Galindo Moreno, Pablo" sort="Galindo Moreno, Pablo" uniqKey="Galindo Moreno P" first="Pablo" last="Galindo-Moreno">Pablo Galindo-Moreno</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="I4">Department of Oral Surgery and Implant Dentistry, University of Granada, Granada, Spain</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Espagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Oral Surgery and Implant Dentistry, University of Granada, Granada</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">Université de Grenade</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Grenade (Espagne)</settlement><region nuts="2" type="region">Andalousie</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wang, Hom Lay" sort="Wang, Hom Lay" uniqKey="Wang H" first="Hom-Lay" last="Wang">Hom-Lay Wang</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="I1">Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Michigan</region></placeName></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno><idno type="pmid">25535616</idno><idno type="pmc">4177739</idno><idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4177739</idno><idno type="RBID">PMC:4177739</idno><idno type="doi">10.1155/2014/814578</idno><date when="2014">2014</date><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Corpus">002895</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PMC">002895</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Curation">002895</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Curation">002895</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Checkpoint">001335</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Checkpoint">001335</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Ncbi/Merge">005736</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">On the Feasibility of Utilizing Allogeneic Bone Blocks for Atrophic Maxillary Augmentation</title><author><name sortKey="Monje, Alberto" sort="Monje, Alberto" uniqKey="Monje A" first="Alberto" last="Monje">Alberto Monje</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="I1">Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Michigan</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pikos, Michael A" sort="Pikos, Michael A" uniqKey="Pikos M" first="Michael A." last="Pikos">Michael A. Pikos</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="I2">Private practice, Palm Beach, FL, USA</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Private practice, Palm Beach, FL</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Floride</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Chan, Hsun Liang" sort="Chan, Hsun Liang" uniqKey="Chan H" first="Hsun-Liang" last="Chan">Hsun-Liang Chan</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="I1">Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Michigan</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Suarez, Fernando" sort="Suarez, Fernando" uniqKey="Suarez F" first="Fernando" last="Suarez">Fernando Suarez</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="I1">Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Michigan</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gargallo Albiol, Jordi" sort="Gargallo Albiol, Jordi" uniqKey="Gargallo Albiol J" first="Jordi" last="Gargallo-Albiol">Jordi Gargallo-Albiol</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="I3">Department of Oral Surgery and Implant Dentistry, International University of Catalonia, Barcelona, Spain</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Espagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Oral Surgery and Implant Dentistry, International University of Catalonia, Barcelona</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Barcelone</settlement><region nuts="2" type="region">Catalogne</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hernandez Alfaro, Federico" sort="Hernandez Alfaro, Federico" uniqKey="Hernandez Alfaro F" first="Federico" last="Hernández-Alfaro">Federico Hernández-Alfaro</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="I3">Department of Oral Surgery and Implant Dentistry, International University of Catalonia, Barcelona, Spain</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Espagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Oral Surgery and Implant Dentistry, International University of Catalonia, Barcelona</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Barcelone</settlement><region nuts="2" type="region">Catalogne</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Galindo Moreno, Pablo" sort="Galindo Moreno, Pablo" uniqKey="Galindo Moreno P" first="Pablo" last="Galindo-Moreno">Pablo Galindo-Moreno</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="I4">Department of Oral Surgery and Implant Dentistry, University of Granada, Granada, Spain</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Espagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Oral Surgery and Implant Dentistry, University of Granada, Granada</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">Université de Grenade</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Grenade (Espagne)</settlement><region nuts="2" type="region">Andalousie</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wang, Hom Lay" sort="Wang, Hom Lay" uniqKey="Wang H" first="Hom-Lay" last="Wang">Hom-Lay Wang</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="I1">Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Michigan</region></placeName></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">BioMed Research International</title><idno type="ISSN">2314-6133</idno><idno type="eISSN">2314-6141</idno><imprint><date when="2014">2014</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p><italic>Purpose</italic>. This systematic review was aimed at assessing the feasibility by means of survival rate, histologic analysis, and causes of failure of allogeneic block grafts for augmenting the atrophic maxilla.<italic> Material and Methods</italic>. A literature search was conducted by one reviewer in several databases. Articles were included in this systematic review if they were human clinical trials in which outcomes of allogeneic bone block grafts were studied by means of survival rate. In addition other factors were extracted in order to assess their influence upon graft failure.<italic> Results</italic>. Fifteen articles fulfilled the inclusion criteria and subsequently were analyzed in this systematic review. A total of 361 block grafts could be followed 4 to 9 months after the surgery, of which 9 (2.4%) failed within 1 month to 2 months after the surgery. Additionally, a weighed mean 4.79 mm (95% CI: 4.51–5.08) horizontal bone gain was computed from 119 grafted sites in 5 studies. Regarding implant cumulative survival rate, the weighed mean was 96.9% (95% CI: 92.8–98.7%), computed from 228 implants over a mean follow-up period of 23.9 months. Histologic analysis showed that allogeneic block grafts behave differently in the early stages of healing when compared to autogenous block grafts.<italic> Conclusion</italic>. Atrophied maxillary reconstruction with allogeneic bone block grafts represents a reliable option as shown by low block graft failure rate, minimal resorption, and high implant survival rate.</p></div></front><back><div1 type="bibliography"><listBibl><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Carlsson, G E" uniqKey="Carlsson G">G. E. Carlsson</name></author><author><name sortKey="Bergman, B" uniqKey="Bergman B">B. Bergman</name></author><author><name sortKey="Hedeg Rd, B" uniqKey="Hedeg Rd B">B. Hedegård</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Atwood, D A" uniqKey="Atwood D">D. A. 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<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Biomed Res Int</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">Biomed Res Int</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">BMRI</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title>BioMed Research International</journal-title></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2314-6133</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2314-6141</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Hindawi Publishing Corporation</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">25535616</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="pmc">4177739</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1155/2014/814578</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Review Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>On the Feasibility of Utilizing Allogeneic Bone Blocks for Atrophic Maxillary Augmentation</article-title></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid" authenticated="false">http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8292-1927</contrib-id><name><surname>Monje</surname><given-names>Alberto</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="I1"><sup>1</sup></xref><xref ref-type="corresp" rid="cor1"><sup>*</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Pikos</surname><given-names>Michael A.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="I2"><sup>2</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Chan</surname><given-names>Hsun-Liang</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="I1"><sup>1</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Suarez</surname><given-names>Fernando</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="I1"><sup>1</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Gargallo-Albiol</surname><given-names>Jordi</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="I3"><sup>3</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Hernández-Alfaro</surname><given-names>Federico</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="I3"><sup>3</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Galindo-Moreno</surname><given-names>Pablo</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="I4"><sup>4</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Wang</surname><given-names>Hom-Lay</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="I1"><sup>1</sup></xref></contrib></contrib-group><aff id="I1"><sup>1</sup>Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA</aff><aff id="I2"><sup>2</sup>Private practice, Palm Beach, FL, USA</aff><aff id="I3"><sup>3</sup>Department of Oral Surgery and Implant Dentistry, International University of Catalonia, Barcelona, Spain</aff><aff id="I4"><sup>4</sup>Department of Oral Surgery and Implant Dentistry, University of Granada, Granada, Spain</aff><author-notes><corresp id="cor1">*Alberto Monje: <email>amonjec@umich.edu</email></corresp><fn fn-type="other"><p>Academic Editor: Seong-Hun Kim</p></fn></author-notes><pub-date pub-type="ppub"><year>2014</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>11</day><month>9</month><year>2014</year></pub-date><volume>2014</volume><elocation-id>814578</elocation-id><history><date date-type="received"><day>15</day><month>4</month><year>2014</year></date><date date-type="accepted"><day>2</day><month>7</month><year>2014</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright © 2014 Alberto Monje et al.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2014</copyright-year><license xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/"><license-p>This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.</license-p></license></permissions><abstract><p><italic>Purpose</italic>. This systematic review was aimed at assessing the feasibility by means of survival rate, histologic analysis, and causes of failure of allogeneic block grafts for augmenting the atrophic maxilla.<italic> Material and Methods</italic>. A literature search was conducted by one reviewer in several databases. Articles were included in this systematic review if they were human clinical trials in which outcomes of allogeneic bone block grafts were studied by means of survival rate. In addition other factors were extracted in order to assess their influence upon graft failure.<italic> Results</italic>. Fifteen articles fulfilled the inclusion criteria and subsequently were analyzed in this systematic review. A total of 361 block grafts could be followed 4 to 9 months after the surgery, of which 9 (2.4%) failed within 1 month to 2 months after the surgery. Additionally, a weighed mean 4.79 mm (95% CI: 4.51–5.08) horizontal bone gain was computed from 119 grafted sites in 5 studies. Regarding implant cumulative survival rate, the weighed mean was 96.9% (95% CI: 92.8–98.7%), computed from 228 implants over a mean follow-up period of 23.9 months. Histologic analysis showed that allogeneic block grafts behave differently in the early stages of healing when compared to autogenous block grafts.<italic> Conclusion</italic>. Atrophied maxillary reconstruction with allogeneic bone block grafts represents a reliable option as shown by low block graft failure rate, minimal resorption, and high implant survival rate.</p></abstract></article-meta></front><floats-group><fig id="fig1" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Figure 1</label><caption><p>Identification, screening, and eligibility criteria for the studies included in this systematic review.</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="BMRI2014-814578.001"></graphic></fig><fig id="fig2" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Figure 2</label><caption><p>Cumulative survival rate of allogeneic bone block grafts placed in the maxillae.</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="BMRI2014-814578.002"></graphic></fig><fig id="fig3" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Figure 3</label><caption><p>A weighed mean 4.79 mm (95% CI: 4.51–5.08) horizontal bone gain was computed from 119 grafted sites in 5 studies.</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="BMRI2014-814578.003"></graphic></fig><fig id="fig4" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Figure 4</label><caption><p>The weighed mean implant survival rate was 96.9% (95% CI: 92.8–98.7%), computed from 228 implants over a mean follow-up period of 23.9 months.</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="BMRI2014-814578.004"></graphic></fig><table-wrap-group id="tab1" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Table 1</label><caption><p>Description of the studies included in the present systematic review aiming to assess the feasibility of allogeneic bone block grafts.</p></caption><table-wrap id="tab1a" orientation="portrait" position="anchor"><caption><p>(a) </p></caption><table frame="hsides" rules="groups"><thead><tr><th align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Author (year)</th><th align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Study design</th><th align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Groups</th><th align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Number of patients</th><th align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Number of sites grafted</th><th align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Location of grafted sites</th><th align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Bone agumentation (V/H)</th><th align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Type of bone block graft</th><th align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Membrane (Y/N)</th><th align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Additional grafting material/growth factor</th><th align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Bone augmentation achieved at baseline </th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Healing period (months)</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Resorption (%)</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Acocella et al., (2012) [<xref rid="B15" ref-type="bibr">15</xref>]</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Prospective case series</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">NCG</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">16</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">18</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Anterior/posterior</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">H</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Monocortical fresh-frozen </td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">N</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">N</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">4.62 ± 0.8 mm</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">9</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">11.45 ± 8.37</td></tr><tr><td align="center" colspan="13" rowspan="1"><hr></hr></td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Barone et al., (2009) [<xref rid="B16" ref-type="bibr">16</xref>]</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Prospective case series</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">NCG</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">13</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">24</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Anterior (13)/posterior (9)</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">H (19)/V (5)</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Corticocancellous deep-frozen</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">N</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Cancellous allograft particles</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">NM</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">NM</td></tr><tr><td align="center" colspan="13" rowspan="1"><hr></hr></td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Chaushu et al., (2010) [<xref rid="B17" ref-type="bibr">17</xref>]</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Prospective case series</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">NCG</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">101</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">90</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Anterior (58)/posterior (32)</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">NC</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Cancellous fresh-frozen</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Y</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">N</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">NM</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">6</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">NM</td></tr><tr><td align="center" colspan="13" rowspan="1"><hr></hr></td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Contar et al., (2009) [<xref rid="B19" ref-type="bibr">19</xref>]</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Prospective case series</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">NCG</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">15</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">34</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Anterior/posterior</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">H</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Cancellous/cortical fresh-frozen</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">N</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">N</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">NM</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">NC</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">NM</td></tr><tr><td align="center" colspan="13" rowspan="1"><hr></hr></td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="2" colspan="1">Contar et al., (2011) [<xref rid="B18" ref-type="bibr">18</xref>] </td><td align="left" rowspan="2" colspan="1">Prospective case series</td><td align="left" rowspan="2" colspan="1">NCG</td><td align="left" rowspan="2" colspan="1">18</td><td align="left" rowspan="2" colspan="1">39</td><td align="left" rowspan="2" colspan="1">Anterior/posterior</td><td align="left" rowspan="2" colspan="1">NC</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Cancellous/cortical fresh-frozen</td><td align="left" rowspan="2" colspan="1">N</td><td align="left" rowspan="2" colspan="1">N</td><td align="left" rowspan="2" colspan="1">NM</td><td align="left" rowspan="2" colspan="1">9</td><td align="left" rowspan="2" colspan="1">NM</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Cortical fresh-frozen</td></tr><tr><td align="center" colspan="13" rowspan="1"><hr></hr></td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Wallace and Gellin (2010) [<xref rid="B31" ref-type="bibr">31</xref>]</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Prospective case series</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">NCG</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">12</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">16</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Anterior/posterior</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">H</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Cancellous fresh-frozen</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Y</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">MCA + rhPDGF-BB</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">4.6 ± 5.2 mm</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">NM</td></tr><tr><td align="center" colspan="13" rowspan="1"><hr></hr></td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="2" colspan="1">Spin-Neto et al. (2013) [<xref rid="B29" ref-type="bibr">29</xref>]</td><td align="left" rowspan="2" colspan="1">Prospective case series</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">AL</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">13</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">17</td><td align="left" rowspan="2" colspan="1">Anterior (14)/posterior (3)</td><td align="left" rowspan="2" colspan="1">H</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Corticocancellous deep-frozen</td><td align="left" rowspan="2" colspan="1">Y</td><td align="left" rowspan="2" colspan="1">N</td><td align="left" rowspan="2" colspan="1">NC</td><td align="left" rowspan="2" colspan="1">6</td><td align="left" rowspan="2" colspan="1">NC</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">AT</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">13</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">17</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Mandibular ramus</td></tr><tr><td align="center" colspan="13" rowspan="1"><hr></hr></td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Novell et al., (2012) [<xref rid="B27" ref-type="bibr">27</xref>]</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Prospective case series</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">NCG</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">12</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">20</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Anterior/posterior</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">H/H + V</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Cortical/cancellous fresh-frozen</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Y</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Freeze-dried allograft particles</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">NC</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">NM</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">NM</td></tr><tr><td align="center" colspan="13" rowspan="1"><hr></hr></td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Deluiz et al., (2013) [<xref rid="B20" ref-type="bibr">20</xref>]</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Prospective case series</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">NCG</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">24</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">24</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Anterior/posterior</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">H</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Corticocancellous fresh-frozen</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">N</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Freeze-dried allograft particles</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">NC</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">8</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">13.02 ± 3.86</td></tr><tr><td align="center" colspan="13" rowspan="1"><hr></hr></td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Nissan et al., (2011) [<xref rid="B26" ref-type="bibr">26</xref>]</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Prospective case series</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">NCG</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">20</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">28</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Anterior</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">H (27)/V (12)</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Cancellous fresh-frozen</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Y</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Particulate BBM</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">NM</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">6</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">NM</td></tr><tr><td align="center" colspan="13" rowspan="1"><hr></hr></td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Nissan et al. (2011) [<xref rid="B24" ref-type="bibr">24</xref>]</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Prospective case series</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">NCG</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">31</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">46</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Anterior</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">H (42)/V (27)</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Cancellous fresh-frozen</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Y</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Particulate BBM</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">NM</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">6</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">10 ± 1</td></tr><tr><td align="center" colspan="13" rowspan="1"><hr></hr></td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Nissan et al., (2008) [<xref rid="B25" ref-type="bibr">25</xref>]</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Prospective case series</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">NCG</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">11</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">11</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Anterior</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">H/V</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Cancellous fresh-frozen</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Y</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Particulate BBM</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">NM</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">6</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">NM</td></tr><tr><td align="center" colspan="13" rowspan="1"><hr></hr></td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="2" colspan="1">Lumetti et al., (2014) [<xref rid="B21" ref-type="bibr">21</xref>] </td><td align="left" rowspan="2" colspan="1">RCT</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">AL</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">12</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">12</td><td align="left" rowspan="2" colspan="1">Anterior/posterior</td><td align="left" rowspan="2" colspan="1">H</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Corticocancellous fresh-frozen</td><td align="left" rowspan="2" colspan="1">Y</td><td align="left" rowspan="2" colspan="1">Particulate fresh-frozen</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.5 ± 0.91 cm<sup>3</sup></td><td align="left" rowspan="2" colspan="1">6</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">52 ± 25.87</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">AT</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">12</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">12</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Mandibular ramus</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.44 ± 1.04 cm<sup>3</sup></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">25 ± 12.73</td></tr><tr><td align="center" colspan="13" rowspan="1"><hr></hr></td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="2" colspan="1">Spin-Neto et al. (2013) [<xref rid="B30" ref-type="bibr">30</xref>]</td><td align="left" rowspan="2" colspan="1">Prospective case series</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">AL</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">6</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">17</td><td align="left" rowspan="2" colspan="1">Anterior/posterior</td><td align="left" rowspan="2" colspan="1">H</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Cortical fresh-frozen</td><td align="left" rowspan="2" colspan="1">Y</td><td align="left" rowspan="2" colspan="1">N</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">NM</td><td align="left" rowspan="2" colspan="1">7</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">NM</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">AT</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">6</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">12</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Mandibular ramus</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">NM</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">NM</td></tr><tr><td align="center" colspan="13" rowspan="1"><hr></hr></td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Peleg et al., (2010) [<xref rid="B28" ref-type="bibr">28</xref>]</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Prospective case series</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">NCG</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">34</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">38</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Anterior (31)/posterior (7)</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">H/H + V</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Corticocancellous fresh-frozen</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Y</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">N</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">NM</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">4</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">NM</td></tr></tbody></table></table-wrap><table-wrap id="tab1b" orientation="portrait" position="anchor"><caption><p>(b) </p></caption><table frame="hsides" rules="groups"><thead><tr><th align="left" rowspan="2" colspan="1">Author (year)</th><th align="left" rowspan="2" colspan="1">Final bone gain (mm)</th><th align="left" rowspan="2" colspan="1">Number of implant placed</th><th align="left" rowspan="2" colspan="1">Implant loading protocol</th><th align="left" rowspan="2" colspan="1">Followup of implants (months)</th><th align="left" rowspan="2" colspan="1">Implant survival</th><th align="center" colspan="3" rowspan="1">Failed blocks (%)</th><th align="center" colspan="3" rowspan="1">Histological findings</th></tr><tr><th align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Failed blocks (%)</th><th align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Timing (months)</th><th align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Cause</th><th align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Timepoint (months)</th><th align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Newly formed bone (%)</th><th align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Characteristics</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Acocella et al., (2012) [<xref rid="B15" ref-type="bibr">15</xref>]</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">4.09 ± 0.8</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">34</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">4</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">30</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">100</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">—</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">—</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">9</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">61.96 ± 11.77</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">A high number of empty osteocyte lacunae were still present and, fibrous tissue was more present than in the samples taken previously. Newly-formed bone was surrounded by non-vital bone with empty osteocyte lacunae in way of resorption</td></tr><tr><td align="center" colspan="12" rowspan="1"><hr></hr></td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Barone et al., (2009) [<xref rid="B16" ref-type="bibr">16</xref>]</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">NM</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">38</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">NM</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">6</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">94.73</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">8.33</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Early exposure and infection of vertical onlay grafts</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">NM</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">NM</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">NM</td></tr><tr><td align="center" colspan="12" rowspan="1"><hr></hr></td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Chaushu et al., (2010) [<xref rid="B17" ref-type="bibr">17</xref>]</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">NM</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">NM</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">NM</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">NM</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">NM</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">6.66</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">NC</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Membrane exposure, incision line opening, soft tissue perforations, recipient site infection </td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">NM</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">NM</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">NM</td></tr><tr><td align="center" colspan="12" rowspan="1"><hr></hr></td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Contar et al., (2009) [<xref rid="B19" ref-type="bibr">19</xref>]</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">NM</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">51</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">NC</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">35</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">100</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">—</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">—</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">NC</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">NM</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Mature and compact osseous tissue surrounded by marrow spaces</td></tr><tr><td align="center" colspan="12" rowspan="1"><hr></hr></td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Contar et al., (2011) [<xref rid="B18" ref-type="bibr">18</xref>]</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">NM</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">58</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">NM</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">NM</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">NM</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">—</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">—</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">9</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">NM</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Lamellar arrangement around Haversian canals interspersed with osteocytes in lacunae. No evidence of inflammatory infiltrate. The central portions revealed osteocytes with higher number of empty lacunae</td></tr><tr><td align="center" colspan="12" rowspan="1"><hr></hr></td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Wallace & Gellin (2010) [<xref rid="B31" ref-type="bibr">31</xref>]</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">8.39 ± 1.95</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">NM</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">NM</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">NM</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">NM</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">—</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">—</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">NM</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">NM</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">NM</td></tr><tr><td align="center" colspan="12" rowspan="1"><hr></hr></td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="2" colspan="1">Spin-Neto et al. (2013) [<xref rid="B29" ref-type="bibr">29</xref>]</td><td align="left" rowspan="2" colspan="1">NC</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">NM</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">NM</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">NM</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">NM</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">11.76</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Fixation screws loosened causing inflammation</td><td align="left" rowspan="2" colspan="1">NM</td><td align="left" rowspan="2" colspan="1">NM</td><td align="left" rowspan="2" colspan="1">NM</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">NM</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">NM</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">NM</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">NM</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">—</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">—</td></tr><tr><td align="center" colspan="12" rowspan="1"><hr></hr></td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Novell et al., (2012) [<xref rid="B27" ref-type="bibr">27</xref>]</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">NM</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">NC</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">NC</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">60</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">100</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Failure occurred in the posterior area</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">NM</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">NM</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">NM</td></tr><tr><td align="center" colspan="12" rowspan="1"><hr></hr></td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Deluiz et al., (2013) [<xref rid="B20" ref-type="bibr">20</xref>]</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">NC</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">75</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">NM</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">NM</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">98.67</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">—</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">—</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">4, 6, 8</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">NM</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Newly formed bone with osteocytes observed in all the timepoints. Osteocyte presence was higher at 4 months. Vessels were also detected abundantly in the samples</td></tr><tr><td align="center" colspan="12" rowspan="1"><hr></hr></td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Nissan et al., (2011) [<xref rid="B24" ref-type="bibr">24</xref>]</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">H (5 ± 0.5)/V (2 ± 0.5)</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">31</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0 (12)/6 (19)</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">42</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">96</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">7.2</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Because of soft tissue breakdown, infection and loss of fixation</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">NM</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">NM</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">NM</td></tr><tr><td align="center" colspan="12" rowspan="1"><hr></hr></td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Nissan et al. (2011) [<xref rid="B24" ref-type="bibr">24</xref>]</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">H (5 ± 0.5)/V (2 ± 0.5)</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">63</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">6</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">34</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">100</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">4.4</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Because of soft tissue breakdown, infection and loss of fixation</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">NM</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">NM</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">NM</td></tr><tr><td align="center" colspan="12" rowspan="1"><hr></hr></td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Nissan et al., (2008) [<xref rid="B25" ref-type="bibr">25</xref>]</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">H (5 ± 0.5)/V (NM)</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">11</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">18</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">100</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">—</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">—</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">NM</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">NM</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">NM</td></tr><tr><td align="center" colspan="12" rowspan="1"><hr></hr></td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="2" colspan="1">Lumetti et al., (2014) [<xref rid="B21" ref-type="bibr">21</xref>]</td><td align="left" rowspan="2" colspan="1">NC</td><td align="left" rowspan="2" colspan="1">NM</td><td align="left" rowspan="2" colspan="1">NM</td><td align="left" rowspan="2" colspan="1">NM</td><td align="left" rowspan="2" colspan="1">NM</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">—</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">—</td><td align="left" rowspan="2" colspan="1">6</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">NC</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Osteocyte lacunae mostly empty. Newly formed bone contained viable osteocytes. Bone forming osteoblasts and fluorescent labeling detected. Dense connective tissue with the presence of inflammatory cells (WM score = 1.67) and eroded areas</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">—</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">—</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">NC</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Osteocyte lacunae mostly empty. Newly formed bone contained viable osteocytes. Bone forming osteoblasts and fluorescent labeling detected. WM inflammatory score = 1</td></tr><tr><td align="center" colspan="12" rowspan="1"><hr></hr></td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="2" colspan="1">Spin-Neto et al. (2013) [<xref rid="B29" ref-type="bibr">29</xref>]</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">NM</td><td align="left" rowspan="2" colspan="1">40</td><td align="left" rowspan="2" colspan="1">NM</td><td align="left" rowspan="2" colspan="1">NM</td><td align="left" rowspan="2" colspan="1">NM</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">—</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">—</td><td align="left" rowspan="2" colspan="1">7</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">NM</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Large segments of necrotic bone with empty osteocytes lacunae and little osteoclastic activity. Blood vessels were invading the Haversian canals of the material. No direct contact was found between remodeled and grafted bone. Some osteoclastic activity surrounded by connective tissue with no presence of inflammatory cells by newly formed bone failed to invade the graft.</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">NM</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">—</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">—</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">NM</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Small areas of necrotic bone with abundant presence of osteocytes. Inexistent difference between the grafted and the host bone</td></tr><tr><td align="center" colspan="12" rowspan="1"><hr></hr></td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Peleg et al., (2010) [<xref rid="B28" ref-type="bibr">28</xref>]</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">NM</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">NC</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">NC</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">NC</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">NC</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">—</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">—</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">NM</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">NM</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">NM</td></tr></tbody></table><table-wrap-foot><fn><p>RCT: randomized controlled trial; AL: allogenous graft; AT: autogenous graft; H: horizontal; V: vertical; Y: yes; N: no; MCA: mineralized cortical allograft; BBM: bobine bone mineral; NC: no clear; NM: not metioned; NCG: no control group.</p></fn></table-wrap-foot></table-wrap></table-wrap-group></floats-group></pmc><affiliations><list><country><li>Espagne</li><li>États-Unis</li></country><region><li>Andalousie</li><li>Catalogne</li><li>Floride</li><li>Michigan</li></region><settlement><li>Barcelone</li><li>Grenade (Espagne)</li></settlement><orgName><li>Université de Grenade</li></orgName></list><tree><country name="États-Unis"><region name="Michigan"><name sortKey="Monje, Alberto" sort="Monje, Alberto" uniqKey="Monje A" first="Alberto" last="Monje">Alberto Monje</name></region><name sortKey="Chan, Hsun Liang" sort="Chan, Hsun Liang" uniqKey="Chan H" first="Hsun-Liang" last="Chan">Hsun-Liang Chan</name><name sortKey="Pikos, Michael A" sort="Pikos, Michael A" uniqKey="Pikos M" first="Michael A." last="Pikos">Michael A. Pikos</name><name sortKey="Suarez, Fernando" sort="Suarez, Fernando" uniqKey="Suarez F" first="Fernando" last="Suarez">Fernando Suarez</name><name sortKey="Wang, Hom Lay" sort="Wang, Hom Lay" uniqKey="Wang H" first="Hom-Lay" last="Wang">Hom-Lay Wang</name></country><country name="Espagne"><region name="Catalogne"><name sortKey="Gargallo Albiol, Jordi" sort="Gargallo Albiol, Jordi" uniqKey="Gargallo Albiol J" first="Jordi" last="Gargallo-Albiol">Jordi Gargallo-Albiol</name></region><name sortKey="Galindo Moreno, Pablo" sort="Galindo Moreno, Pablo" uniqKey="Galindo Moreno P" first="Pablo" last="Galindo-Moreno">Pablo Galindo-Moreno</name><name sortKey="Hernandez Alfaro, Federico" sort="Hernandez Alfaro, Federico" uniqKey="Hernandez Alfaro F" first="Federico" last="Hernández-Alfaro">Federico Hernández-Alfaro</name></country></tree></affiliations></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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