Papillae alterations around single-implant restorations in the anterior maxillae: thick versus thin mucosa
Identifieur interne : 003E70 ( Ncbi/Merge ); précédent : 003E69; suivant : 003E71Papillae alterations around single-implant restorations in the anterior maxillae: thick versus thin mucosa
Auteurs : Mi-Si Si [République populaire de Chine] ; Long-Fei Zhuang [République populaire de Chine] ; Xin Huang [République populaire de Chine] ; Ying-Xin Gu [République populaire de Chine] ; Chung-Hao Chou [République populaire de Chine] ; Hong-Chang Lai [République populaire de Chine]Source :
- International Journal of Oral Science [ 1674-2818 ] ; 2012.
Abstract
To evaluate the papilla alterations around single-implant restorations in the anterior maxillae after crown attachment and to study the influence of soft tissue thickness on the papilla fill alteration. According to the inclusion criteria, 32 patients subjected to implant-supported single-tooth restorations in anterior maxillae were included. The patients were assigned to two groups according to the mucosal thickness: (i) group 1, 1.5 mm≤mucosal thickness≤3 mm; and (ii) group 2, 3 mm
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DOI: 10.1038/ijos.2012.25
PubMed: 22627613
PubMed Central: 3412666
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<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Papillae alterations around single-implant restorations in the anterior maxillae: thick versus thin mucosa</title><author><name sortKey="Si, Mi Si" sort="Si, Mi Si" uniqKey="Si M" first="Mi-Si" last="Si">Mi-Si Si</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff1"><institution>Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Implantology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine</institution>, Shanghai,<country>China</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zhuang, Long Fei" sort="Zhuang, Long Fei" uniqKey="Zhuang L" first="Long-Fei" last="Zhuang">Long-Fei Zhuang</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff2"><institution>Faculty of Dentistry, the University of Hong Kong</institution>, Hong Kong,<country>China</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Huang, Xin" sort="Huang, Xin" uniqKey="Huang X" first="Xin" last="Huang">Xin Huang</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff3"><institution>Jing'an Dental Clinic</institution>, Shanghai,<country>China</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gu, Ying Xin" sort="Gu, Ying Xin" uniqKey="Gu Y" first="Ying-Xin" last="Gu">Ying-Xin Gu</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff1"><institution>Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Implantology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine</institution>, Shanghai,<country>China</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Chou, Chung Hao" sort="Chou, Chung Hao" uniqKey="Chou C" first="Chung-Hao" last="Chou">Chung-Hao Chou</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff1"><institution>Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Implantology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine</institution>, Shanghai,<country>China</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lai, Hong Chang" sort="Lai, Hong Chang" uniqKey="Lai H" first="Hong-Chang" last="Lai">Hong-Chang Lai</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff1"><institution>Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Implantology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine</institution>, Shanghai,<country>China</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno><idno type="pmid">22627613</idno><idno type="pmc">3412666</idno><idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3412666</idno><idno type="RBID">PMC:3412666</idno><idno type="doi">10.1038/ijos.2012.25</idno><date when="2012">2012</date><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Corpus">000067</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PMC">000067</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Curation">000067</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Curation">000067</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Checkpoint">001D44</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Checkpoint">001D44</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Ncbi/Merge">003E70</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">Papillae alterations around single-implant restorations in the anterior maxillae: thick versus thin mucosa</title><author><name sortKey="Si, Mi Si" sort="Si, Mi Si" uniqKey="Si M" first="Mi-Si" last="Si">Mi-Si Si</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff1"><institution>Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Implantology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine</institution>, Shanghai,<country>China</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zhuang, Long Fei" sort="Zhuang, Long Fei" uniqKey="Zhuang L" first="Long-Fei" last="Zhuang">Long-Fei Zhuang</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff2"><institution>Faculty of Dentistry, the University of Hong Kong</institution>, Hong Kong,<country>China</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Huang, Xin" sort="Huang, Xin" uniqKey="Huang X" first="Xin" last="Huang">Xin Huang</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff3"><institution>Jing'an Dental Clinic</institution>, Shanghai,<country>China</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gu, Ying Xin" sort="Gu, Ying Xin" uniqKey="Gu Y" first="Ying-Xin" last="Gu">Ying-Xin Gu</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff1"><institution>Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Implantology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine</institution>, Shanghai,<country>China</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Chou, Chung Hao" sort="Chou, Chung Hao" uniqKey="Chou C" first="Chung-Hao" last="Chou">Chung-Hao Chou</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff1"><institution>Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Implantology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine</institution>, Shanghai,<country>China</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lai, Hong Chang" sort="Lai, Hong Chang" uniqKey="Lai H" first="Hong-Chang" last="Lai">Hong-Chang Lai</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff1"><institution>Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Implantology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine</institution>, Shanghai,<country>China</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">International Journal of Oral Science</title><idno type="ISSN">1674-2818</idno><idno type="eISSN">2049-3169</idno><imprint><date when="2012">2012</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p>To evaluate the papilla alterations around single-implant restorations in the anterior maxillae after crown attachment and to study the influence of soft tissue thickness on the papilla fill alteration. According to the inclusion criteria, 32 patients subjected to implant-supported single-tooth restorations in anterior maxillae were included. The patients were assigned to two groups according to the mucosal thickness: (i) group 1, 1.5 mm≤mucosal thickness≤3 mm; and (ii) group 2, 3 mm<italic>P</italic><0.001). PFI improvements over time occurred after 6-month follow-up irrespective of the groups. When compared to group 1, the likelihood to obtain papilla fill was significantly higher for group 2 with an odds ratio of 6.05 (<italic>P</italic><0.001). The interproximal papilla level around single-implant restorations could improve significantly over time after 6-month restoration according to PFI assessment. 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<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Int J Oral Sci</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">Int J Oral Sci</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title>International Journal of Oral Science</journal-title></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1674-2818</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2049-3169</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Nature Publishing Group</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">22627613</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="pmc">3412666</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="pii">ijos201225</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1038/ijos.2012.25</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Original Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Papillae alterations around single-implant restorations in the anterior maxillae: thick versus thin mucosa</article-title><alt-title alt-title-type="running">Papillae alterations around single implants</alt-title></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Si</surname><given-names>Mi-Si</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">1</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Zhuang</surname><given-names>Long-Fei</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">2</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Huang</surname><given-names>Xin</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">3</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Gu</surname><given-names>Ying-Xin</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">1</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Chou</surname><given-names>Chung-Hao</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">1</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Lai</surname><given-names>Hong-Chang</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">1</xref></contrib><aff id="aff1"><label>1</label><institution>Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Implantology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine</institution>, Shanghai,<country>China</country></aff><aff id="aff2"><label>2</label><institution>Faculty of Dentistry, the University of Hong Kong</institution>, Hong Kong,<country>China</country></aff><aff id="aff3"><label>3</label><institution>Jing'an Dental Clinic</institution>, Shanghai,<country>China</country></aff></contrib-group><author-notes><corresp id="caf1"><label>*</label><institution>Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Implantology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine</institution>, 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai 200011, <country>China</country>. E-mail: <email>lhc9@hotmail.com</email></corresp></author-notes><pub-date pub-type="ppub"><month>06</month><year>2012</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>25</day><month>05</month><year>2012</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="pmc-release"><day>1</day><month>6</month><year>2012</year></pub-date><volume>4</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>94</fpage><lpage>100</lpage><history><date date-type="received"><day>20</day><month>12</month><year>2011</year></date><date date-type="accepted"><day>27</day><month>04</month><year>2012</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright © 2012 West China School of Stomatology</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2012</copyright-year><copyright-holder>West China School of Stomatology</copyright-holder><license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/"><pmc-comment>author-paid</pmc-comment>
<license-p>This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-No Derivative Works 3.0 Unported License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/</license-p></license></permissions><abstract><p>To evaluate the papilla alterations around single-implant restorations in the anterior maxillae after crown attachment and to study the influence of soft tissue thickness on the papilla fill alteration. According to the inclusion criteria, 32 patients subjected to implant-supported single-tooth restorations in anterior maxillae were included. The patients were assigned to two groups according to the mucosal thickness: (i) group 1, 1.5 mm≤mucosal thickness≤3 mm; and (ii) group 2, 3 mm<italic>P</italic><0.001). PFI improvements over time occurred after 6-month follow-up irrespective of the groups. When compared to group 1, the likelihood to obtain papilla fill was significantly higher for group 2 with an odds ratio of 6.05 (<italic>P</italic><0.001). The interproximal papilla level around single-implant restorations could improve significantly over time after 6-month restoration according to PFI assessment. The thicker mucosa before implant placement implied a more favorable esthetic outcome in papilla alteration.</p></abstract><kwd-group><kwd>esthetic outcome</kwd><kwd>papilla fill index</kwd><kwd>single-implant restoration</kwd><kwd>soft tissue thickness</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><floats-group><fig id="fig1"><label>Figure 1</label><caption><p><bold>Direct measurement of soft tissue thickness.</bold> DMP, direct measurement point; FGM, free gingival margin; MGJ, mucogingival junction.</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="ijos201225f1"></graphic></fig><fig id="fig2"><label>Figure 2</label><caption><p><bold>View of the implant-supported crown in the region of upper right central incisor in group 1.</bold> The distal papilla (blue array) variation: (<bold>a</bold>) baseline PFI scores: 1; (<bold>b</bold>) follow-up PFI score: 2. PFI, papilla fill index.</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="ijos201225f2"></graphic></fig><fig id="fig3"><label>Figure 3</label><caption><p><bold>View of the implant-supported crown in the region of upper right incisor in group 2.</bold> The mesial papilla (blue array) variation: (<bold>a</bold>) baseline PFI scores: 1; (<bold>b</bold>) follow-up PFI score: 2. PFI, papilla fill index.</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="ijos201225f3"></graphic></fig><table-wrap id="tbl1"><label>Table 1</label><caption><title>Comparison of frequency distribution of soft tissue biotype measured by DM against PT<xref ref-type="fn" rid="tbfnote2">a</xref></title></caption><table frame="hsides" rules="groups" border="1"><colgroup><col align="left"></col><col align="center"></col><col align="center"></col><col align="center"></col></colgroup><thead valign="bottom"><tr><th align="left" valign="top" charoff="50"> </th><th colspan="3" align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">Soft tissue biotype (PT)</th></tr><tr><th align="left" valign="top" charoff="50">Soft tissue biotype (DM)</th><th align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">Thin</th><th align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">Thick</th><th align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">Total</th></tr></thead><tbody valign="top"><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50">Thin (≤3 mm)</td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">19</td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">4</td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">23</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50">Thick (>3 mm)</td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">1</td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">16</td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">17</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50">Total</td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">20</td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">20</td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">40</td></tr></tbody></table><table-wrap-foot><fn id="tbfnote1"><p>DM, direct measurement; PT, probe transparency.</p></fn><fn id="tbfnote2"><label>a</label><p>Cohen's <italic>κ</italic>=0.75 (<italic>P</italic><0.001).</p></fn></table-wrap-foot></table-wrap><table-wrap id="tbl2"><label>Table 2</label><caption><title>Distribution of inserted implants</title></caption><table frame="hsides" rules="groups" border="1"><colgroup><col align="left"></col><col align="center"></col><col align="center"></col><col align="center"></col><col align="center"></col><col align="center"></col><col align="center"></col><col align="center"></col></colgroup><thead valign="bottom"><tr><th align="left" valign="top" charoff="50"> </th><th colspan="2" align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">Length/mm</th><th colspan="2" align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">Diameter/mm</th><th colspan="3" align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">Location</th></tr><tr><th align="left" valign="top" charoff="50">Implant number</th><th align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">10</th><th align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">12</th><th align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">3.3</th><th align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">4.1</th><th align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">Central incisor</th><th align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">Lateral incisor</th><th align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">Canine</th></tr></thead><tbody valign="top"><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50">Group 1</td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">3</td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">13</td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">4</td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">12</td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">10</td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">4</td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">2</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50">Group 2</td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">1</td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">15</td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">6</td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">10</td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">8</td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">8</td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">0</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50">Total</td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">4</td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">28</td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">10</td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">22</td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">18</td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">12</td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">2</td></tr></tbody></table></table-wrap><table-wrap id="tbl3"><label>Table 3</label><caption><title>A summary of PFI scores at baseline and 6-month follow-up in groups 1 and 2</title></caption><table frame="hsides" rules="groups" border="1"><colgroup><col align="left"></col><col align="center"></col><col align="center"></col><col align="center"></col><col align="center"></col><col align="center"></col><col align="center"></col><col align="center"></col><col align="center"></col></colgroup><thead valign="bottom"><tr><th rowspan="2" align="left" valign="top" charoff="50"> </th><th colspan="4" align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">Group 1</th><th colspan="4" align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">Group 2</th></tr><tr><th colspan="2" align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">Baseline</th><th colspan="2" align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">Follow-up</th><th colspan="2" align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">Baseline</th><th colspan="2" align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">Follow-up</th></tr><tr><th align="left" valign="top" charoff="50">PFI</th><th align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">Number of implant</th><th align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">%</th><th align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">Number of implant</th><th align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">%</th><th align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">Number of implant</th><th align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">%</th><th align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">Number of implant</th><th align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">%</th></tr></thead><tbody valign="top"><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50">0</td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">7</td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">22</td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">3</td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">9</td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">1</td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">3</td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">0</td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">0</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50">1</td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">18</td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">56</td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">13</td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">41</td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">11</td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">34</td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">4</td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">12</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50">2</td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">7</td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">22</td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">10</td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">31</td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">17</td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">53</td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">13</td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">41</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50">3</td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">0</td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">0</td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">6</td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">19</td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">3</td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">9</td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">15</td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">47</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50">4</td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">0</td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">0</td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">0</td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">0</td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">0</td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">0</td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">0</td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">0</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50">Wilcoxon signed ranks test</td><td colspan="2" align="center" valign="top" charoff="50"> </td><td colspan="2" align="center" valign="top" charoff="50"><italic>Z</italic>=−4.559 (<italic>P</italic><0.001)<xref ref-type="fn" rid="tbfnote4">a</xref></td><td colspan="2" align="center" valign="top" charoff="50"> </td><td colspan="2" align="center" valign="top" charoff="50"><italic>Z</italic>=−4.583 (<italic>P</italic><0.001)<xref ref-type="fn" rid="tbfnote4">a</xref></td></tr></tbody></table><table-wrap-foot><fn id="tbfnote3"><p>PFI, papilla fill index.</p></fn><fn id="tbfnote4"><label>a</label><p>Wilcoxon signed ranks test showed that significant differences between baseline and follow-up were found for both groups.</p></fn></table-wrap-foot></table-wrap><table-wrap id="tbl4"><label>Table 4</label><caption><title>PFI scores at baseline, follow-up and the variation in groups 1 and 2</title></caption><table frame="hsides" rules="groups" border="1"><colgroup><col align="left"></col><col align="center"></col><col align="center"></col><col align="center"></col><col align="center"></col><col align="center"></col></colgroup><thead valign="bottom"><tr><th colspan="3" align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">Group 1</th><th colspan="3" align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">Group 2</th></tr><tr><th align="left" valign="top" charoff="50">Baseline</th><th align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">Follow-up</th><th align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">Variation</th><th align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">Baseline</th><th align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">Follow-up</th><th align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">Variation</th></tr></thead><tbody valign="top"><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50">0</td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">0</td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">0</td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">0</td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">1</td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">1</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50">0</td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">0</td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">0</td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">1</td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">1</td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">0</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50">0</td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">0</td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">0</td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">1</td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">1</td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">0</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50">0</td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">1</td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">1</td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">1</td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">1</td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">0</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50">0</td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">1</td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">1</td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">1</td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">2</td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">1</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50">0</td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">1</td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">1</td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">1</td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">2</td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">1</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50">0</td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">1</td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">1</td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">1</td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">2</td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">1</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50">1</td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">1</td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">0</td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">1</td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">2</td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">1</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50">1</td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">1</td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">0</td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">1</td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">2</td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">1</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50">1</td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">1</td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">0</td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">1</td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">2</td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">1</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50">1</td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">1</td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">0</td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">1</td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">2</td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">1</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50">1</td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">1</td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">0</td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">1</td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">2</td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">1</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50">1</td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">1</td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">0</td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">2</td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">2</td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">0</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50">1</td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">1</td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">0</td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">2</td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">2</td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">0</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50">1</td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">1</td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">0</td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">2</td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">2</td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">0</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50">1</td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">1</td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">0</td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">2</td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">2</td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">0</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50">1</td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">2</td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">1</td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">2</td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">2</td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">0</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50">1</td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">2</td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">1</td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">2</td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">3</td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">1</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50">1</td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">2</td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">1</td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">2</td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">3</td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">1</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50">1</td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">2</td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">1</td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">2</td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">3</td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">1</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50">1</td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">2</td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">1</td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">2</td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">3</td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">1</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50">1</td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">2</td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">1</td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">2</td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">3</td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">1</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50">1</td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">2</td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">1</td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">2</td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">3</td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">1</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50">1</td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">2</td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">1</td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">2</td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">3</td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">1</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50">1</td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">2</td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">1</td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">2</td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">3</td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">1</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50">2</td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">2</td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">0</td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">2</td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">3</td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">1</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50">2</td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">3</td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">1</td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">2</td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">3</td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">1</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50">2</td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">3</td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">1</td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">2</td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">3</td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">1</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50">2</td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">3</td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">1</td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">2</td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">3</td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">1</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50">2</td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">3</td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">1</td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">3</td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">3</td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">0</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50">2</td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">3</td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">1</td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">3</td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">3</td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">0</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50">2</td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">3</td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">1</td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">3</td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">3</td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">0</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50">Fisher's exact test</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50"> </td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50"> </td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50"><italic>P</italic>=0.003<xref ref-type="fn" rid="tbfnote6">a</xref></td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50"><italic>P</italic>=0.005<xref ref-type="fn" rid="tbfnote6">a</xref></td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50"><italic>P</italic>=0.797</td></tr></tbody></table><table-wrap-foot><fn id="tbfnote5"><p>Abbreviation: PFI, papilla fill index.</p></fn><fn id="tbfnote6"><label>a</label><p>Fisher's exact test showed that significant difference in the PFI variation was found between the two groups.</p></fn></table-wrap-foot></table-wrap><table-wrap id="tbl5"><label>Table 5</label><caption><title>Logistic regression for explanatory variables effect on PFI</title></caption><table frame="hsides" rules="groups" border="1"><colgroup><col align="left"></col><col align="center"></col><col align="center"></col><col align="center"></col><col align="center"></col></colgroup><thead valign="bottom"><tr><th align="left" valign="top" charoff="50">Variables</th><th align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">B</th><th align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">Odds ratio</th><th align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">95% CI</th><th align="center" valign="top" charoff="50"><italic>P</italic> value</th></tr></thead><tbody valign="top"><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50">Group of soft tissue thickness</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50"> </td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50"> </td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50"> </td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">0.001<xref ref-type="fn" rid="tbfnote8">a</xref></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50"> Group 1</td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">0</td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">1</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50"> </td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50"> </td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50"> Group 2</td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">1.80</td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">6.05</td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">2.94–12.45</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50"> </td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50">Time point</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50"> </td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50"> </td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50"> </td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">0.001<xref ref-type="fn" rid="tbfnote8">a</xref></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50"> Baseline</td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">0</td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">1</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50"> </td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50"> </td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50"> Follow-up</td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">1.54</td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">4.65</td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">2.30–9.42</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50"> </td></tr></tbody></table><table-wrap-foot><fn id="tbfnote7"><p>B, regression coefficients; CI, confidence interval; PFI, papilla fill index.</p></fn><fn id="tbfnote8"><label>a</label><p>Pearson and deviance Chi-square results showed high goodness-of-fit of the regression model (Pearson Chi-square: 0.699, <italic>P</italic>=0.705; residual deviance: 0.560, <italic>P</italic>=0.756).</p></fn></table-wrap-foot></table-wrap></floats-group>
