Assessment of Panoramic Radiomorphometric Indices of the Mandible in a Brazilian Population
Identifieur interne : 003C56 ( Ncbi/Merge ); précédent : 003C55; suivant : 003C57Assessment of Panoramic Radiomorphometric Indices of the Mandible in a Brazilian Population
Auteurs : Maria Beatriz C. C. Alonso [Brésil] ; Arthur R. G. Cortes [Brésil] ; Angela J. Camargo [Brésil] ; Emiko S. Arita [Brésil] ; Francisco Haiter-Neto [Brésil] ; Plauto Christopher A. Watanabe [Brésil]Source :
- ISRN Rheumatology [ 2090-5467 ] ; 2011.
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate radiomorphometric indices in dental panoramic radiographs in order to identify possible interrelationships between these indices and the sex and age of the patients analyzed. The study included 1287 digital panoramic radiographic images of patients that were grouped into five age groups (1 = age 17–20; 2 = age 21–35; 3 = age 36–55; 4 = age 56–69; 5 = over age 70). Two indices—cortical width at the gonion (GI) and below the mental foramen (MI)—were measured bilaterally in all panoramic radiographs. Statistical analysis was performed with Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests (alpha = 0.05). Results for the indices measurements showed significant differences among patient age groups of both sexes, considering that groups 4 and 5 presented lower values for the cortical width of both indices. The present paper supports the role of sex- and age-related changes in mandibular radiomorphometric indices in identifying skeletal osteopenia.
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DOI: 10.5402/2011/854287
PubMed: 22389803
PubMed Central: 3263751
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<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Assessment of Panoramic Radiomorphometric Indices of the Mandible in a Brazilian Population</title><author><name sortKey="Alonso, Maria Beatriz C C" sort="Alonso, Maria Beatriz C C" uniqKey="Alonso M" first="Maria Beatriz C. C." last="Alonso">Maria Beatriz C. C. Alonso</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="I1">Department of Oral Dignosis and Dental Radiology, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas, 13414-018 Piracicaba, SP, Brazil</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Brésil</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Oral Dignosis and Dental Radiology, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas, 13414-018 Piracicaba, SP</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">État de São Paulo</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Cortes, Arthur R G" sort="Cortes, Arthur R G" uniqKey="Cortes A" first="Arthur R. G." last="Cortes">Arthur R. G. Cortes</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="I2">Department of Oral Radiology, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, 05508-9000 São Paulo, SP, Brazil</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Brésil</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Oral Radiology, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, 05508-9000 São Paulo, SP</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">État de São Paulo</region><settlement type="city">São Paulo</settlement></placeName><orgName type="university">Université de São Paulo</orgName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Camargo, Angela J" sort="Camargo, Angela J" uniqKey="Camargo A" first="Angela J." last="Camargo">Angela J. Camargo</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="I2">Department of Oral Radiology, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, 05508-9000 São Paulo, SP, Brazil</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Brésil</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Oral Radiology, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, 05508-9000 São Paulo, SP</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">État de São Paulo</region><settlement type="city">São Paulo</settlement></placeName><orgName type="university">Université de São Paulo</orgName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Arita, Emiko S" sort="Arita, Emiko S" uniqKey="Arita E" first="Emiko S." last="Arita">Emiko S. Arita</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="I2">Department of Oral Radiology, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, 05508-9000 São Paulo, SP, Brazil</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Brésil</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Oral Radiology, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, 05508-9000 São Paulo, SP</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">État de São Paulo</region><settlement type="city">São Paulo</settlement></placeName><orgName type="university">Université de São Paulo</orgName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Haiter Neto, Francisco" sort="Haiter Neto, Francisco" uniqKey="Haiter Neto F" first="Francisco" last="Haiter-Neto">Francisco Haiter-Neto</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="I1">Department of Oral Dignosis and Dental Radiology, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas, 13414-018 Piracicaba, SP, Brazil</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Brésil</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Oral Dignosis and Dental Radiology, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas, 13414-018 Piracicaba, SP</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">État de São Paulo</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Watanabe, Plauto Christopher A" sort="Watanabe, Plauto Christopher A" uniqKey="Watanabe P" first="Plauto Christopher A." last="Watanabe">Plauto Christopher A. Watanabe</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="I3">Department of Morphology, Stomatology and Physiology, Ribeirão Preto School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, 14040-900 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Brésil</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Morphology, Stomatology and Physiology, Ribeirão Preto School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, 14040-900 Ribeirão Preto, SP</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">État de São Paulo</region><settlement type="city">São Paulo</settlement></placeName><orgName type="university">Université de São Paulo</orgName></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno><idno type="pmid">22389803</idno><idno type="pmc">3263751</idno><idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3263751</idno><idno type="RBID">PMC:3263751</idno><idno type="doi">10.5402/2011/854287</idno><date when="2011">2011</date><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Corpus">002C87</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PMC">002C87</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Curation">002C87</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Curation">002C87</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Checkpoint">002243</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Checkpoint">002243</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Ncbi/Merge">003C56</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">Assessment of Panoramic Radiomorphometric Indices of the Mandible in a Brazilian Population</title><author><name sortKey="Alonso, Maria Beatriz C C" sort="Alonso, Maria Beatriz C C" uniqKey="Alonso M" first="Maria Beatriz C. C." last="Alonso">Maria Beatriz C. C. Alonso</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="I1">Department of Oral Dignosis and Dental Radiology, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas, 13414-018 Piracicaba, SP, Brazil</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Brésil</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Oral Dignosis and Dental Radiology, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas, 13414-018 Piracicaba, SP</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">État de São Paulo</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Cortes, Arthur R G" sort="Cortes, Arthur R G" uniqKey="Cortes A" first="Arthur R. G." last="Cortes">Arthur R. G. Cortes</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="I2">Department of Oral Radiology, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, 05508-9000 São Paulo, SP, Brazil</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Brésil</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Oral Radiology, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, 05508-9000 São Paulo, SP</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">État de São Paulo</region><settlement type="city">São Paulo</settlement></placeName><orgName type="university">Université de São Paulo</orgName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Camargo, Angela J" sort="Camargo, Angela J" uniqKey="Camargo A" first="Angela J." last="Camargo">Angela J. Camargo</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="I2">Department of Oral Radiology, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, 05508-9000 São Paulo, SP, Brazil</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Brésil</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Oral Radiology, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, 05508-9000 São Paulo, SP</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">État de São Paulo</region><settlement type="city">São Paulo</settlement></placeName><orgName type="university">Université de São Paulo</orgName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Arita, Emiko S" sort="Arita, Emiko S" uniqKey="Arita E" first="Emiko S." last="Arita">Emiko S. Arita</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="I2">Department of Oral Radiology, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, 05508-9000 São Paulo, SP, Brazil</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Brésil</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Oral Radiology, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, 05508-9000 São Paulo, SP</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">État de São Paulo</region><settlement type="city">São Paulo</settlement></placeName><orgName type="university">Université de São Paulo</orgName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Haiter Neto, Francisco" sort="Haiter Neto, Francisco" uniqKey="Haiter Neto F" first="Francisco" last="Haiter-Neto">Francisco Haiter-Neto</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="I1">Department of Oral Dignosis and Dental Radiology, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas, 13414-018 Piracicaba, SP, Brazil</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Brésil</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Oral Dignosis and Dental Radiology, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas, 13414-018 Piracicaba, SP</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">État de São Paulo</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Watanabe, Plauto Christopher A" sort="Watanabe, Plauto Christopher A" uniqKey="Watanabe P" first="Plauto Christopher A." last="Watanabe">Plauto Christopher A. Watanabe</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="I3">Department of Morphology, Stomatology and Physiology, Ribeirão Preto School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, 14040-900 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Brésil</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Morphology, Stomatology and Physiology, Ribeirão Preto School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, 14040-900 Ribeirão Preto, SP</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">État de São Paulo</region><settlement type="city">São Paulo</settlement></placeName><orgName type="university">Université de São Paulo</orgName></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">ISRN Rheumatology</title><idno type="ISSN">2090-5467</idno><idno type="eISSN">2090-5475</idno><imprint><date when="2011">2011</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p>The aim of this study was to evaluate radiomorphometric indices in dental panoramic radiographs in order to identify possible interrelationships between these indices and the sex and age of the patients analyzed. The study included 1287 digital panoramic radiographic images of patients that were grouped into five age groups (1 = age 17–20; 2 = age 21–35; 3 = age 36–55; 4 = age 56–69; 5 = over age 70). Two indices—cortical width at the gonion (GI) and below the mental foramen (MI)—were measured bilaterally in all panoramic radiographs. Statistical analysis was performed with Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests (alpha = 0.05). Results for the indices measurements showed significant differences among patient age groups of both sexes, considering that groups 4 and 5 presented lower values for the cortical width of both indices. The present paper supports the role of sex- and age-related changes in mandibular radiomorphometric indices in identifying skeletal osteopenia.</p></div></front><back><div1 type="bibliography"><listBibl><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="White, Sc" uniqKey="White S">SC White</name></author><author><name sortKey="Rudolph, Dj" uniqKey="Rudolph D">DJ Rudolph</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Hildebolt, Cf" uniqKey="Hildebolt C">CF Hildebolt</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Raisz, Lg" uniqKey="Raisz L">LG Raisz</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Devlin, H" uniqKey="Devlin H">H Devlin</name></author><author><name sortKey="Horner, K" uniqKey="Horner K">K Horner</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Tozum, Tf" uniqKey="Tozum T">TF Tözüm</name></author><author><name sortKey="Taguchi, A" uniqKey="Taguchi A">A Taguchi</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Horner, K" uniqKey="Horner K">K Horner</name></author><author><name sortKey="Devlin, H" uniqKey="Devlin H">H Devlin</name></author><author><name sortKey="Alsop, Cw" uniqKey="Alsop C">CW Alsop</name></author><author><name sortKey="Hodgkinson, Im" uniqKey="Hodgkinson I">IM Hodgkinson</name></author><author><name sortKey="Adams, Je" uniqKey="Adams J">JE Adams</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Taguchi, A" uniqKey="Taguchi A">A Taguchi</name></author><author><name sortKey="Tsuda, M" uniqKey="Tsuda M">M Tsuda</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ohtsuka, M" uniqKey="Ohtsuka M">M Ohtsuka</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Klemetti, E" uniqKey="Klemetti E">E Klemetti</name></author><author><name sortKey="Kolmakov, S" uniqKey="Kolmakov S">S Kolmakov</name></author><author><name sortKey="Heiskanen, P" uniqKey="Heiskanen P">P Heiskanen</name></author><author><name sortKey="Vainio, P" uniqKey="Vainio P">P Vainio</name></author><author><name sortKey="Lassila, V" uniqKey="Lassila V">V Lassila</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Dagistan, S" uniqKey="Dagistan S">S Dagistan</name></author><author><name sortKey="Bilge, Om" uniqKey="Bilge O">OM Bilge</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Gulsahi, A" uniqKey="Gulsahi A">A Gulsahi</name></author><author><name sortKey="Yuzugullu, B" uniqKey="Yuzugullu B">B Yüzügüllü</name></author><author><name sortKey="Imirzalio Lu, P" uniqKey="Imirzalio Lu P">P Imirzalioğlu</name></author><author><name sortKey="Genc, Y" uniqKey="Genc Y">Y Genç</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Broussard, Dl" uniqKey="Broussard D">DL Broussard</name></author><author><name sortKey="Magnus, Jh" uniqKey="Magnus J">JH Magnus</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Dutra, V" uniqKey="Dutra V">V Dutra</name></author><author><name sortKey="Yang, J" uniqKey="Yang J">J Yang</name></author><author><name sortKey="Devlin, H" uniqKey="Devlin H">H Devlin</name></author><author><name sortKey="Susin, C" uniqKey="Susin C">C Susin</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Ay, S" uniqKey="Ay S">S Ay</name></author><author><name sortKey="Gursoy, Uk" uniqKey="Gursoy U">UK Gursoy</name></author><author><name sortKey="Erselcan, T" uniqKey="Erselcan T">T Erselcan</name></author><author><name sortKey="Marakoglu, I" uniqKey="Marakoglu I">I Marakoglu</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Jagelaviciene, E" uniqKey="Jagelaviciene E">E Jagelaviciene</name></author><author><name sortKey="Kubilius, R" uniqKey="Kubilius R">R Kubilius</name></author><author><name sortKey="Krasauskiene, A" uniqKey="Krasauskiene A">A Krasauskiene</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Ledgerton, D" uniqKey="Ledgerton D">D Ledgerton</name></author><author><name sortKey="Homer, K" uniqKey="Homer K">K Homer</name></author><author><name sortKey="Devlin, H" uniqKey="Devlin H">H Devlin</name></author><author><name sortKey="Worthington, H" uniqKey="Worthington H">H Worthington</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Bras, J" uniqKey="Bras J">J Bras</name></author><author><name sortKey="Van Ooij, Cp" uniqKey="Van Ooij C">CP Van Ooij</name></author><author><name sortKey="Abraham Inpijn, L" uniqKey="Abraham Inpijn L">L Abraham-Inpijn</name></author></analytic></biblStruct></listBibl></div1></back></TEI><pmc article-type="research-article"><pmc-dir>properties open_access</pmc-dir>
<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">ISRN Rheumatol</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">RHEUMATOLOGY</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title>ISRN Rheumatology</journal-title></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2090-5467</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2090-5475</issn><publisher><publisher-name>International Scholarly Research Network</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">22389803</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="pmc">3263751</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.5402/2011/854287</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Assessment of Panoramic Radiomorphometric Indices of the Mandible in a Brazilian Population</article-title></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Alonso</surname><given-names>Maria Beatriz C. C.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="I1"><sup>1</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Cortes</surname><given-names>Arthur R. G.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="I2"><sup>2</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Camargo</surname><given-names>Angela J.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="I2"><sup>2</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Arita</surname><given-names>Emiko S.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="I2"><sup>2</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Haiter-Neto</surname><given-names>Francisco</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="I1"><sup>1</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Watanabe</surname><given-names>Plauto Christopher A.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="I3"><sup>3</sup></xref><xref ref-type="corresp" rid="cor1">*</xref></contrib></contrib-group><aff id="I1"><sup>1</sup>Department of Oral Dignosis and Dental Radiology, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas, 13414-018 Piracicaba, SP, Brazil</aff><aff id="I2"><sup>2</sup>Department of Oral Radiology, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, 05508-9000 São Paulo, SP, Brazil</aff><aff id="I3"><sup>3</sup>Department of Morphology, Stomatology and Physiology, Ribeirão Preto School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, 14040-900 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil</aff><author-notes><corresp id="cor1">*Plauto Christopher A. Watanabe: <email>watanabe@forp.usp.br</email></corresp><fn fn-type="other"><p>Academic Editors: A. Adebajo and E. Tchetina</p></fn></author-notes><pub-date pub-type="ppub"><year>2011</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>14</day><month>9</month><year>2011</year></pub-date><volume>2011</volume><elocation-id>854287</elocation-id><history><date date-type="received"><day>16</day><month>5</month><year>2011</year></date><date date-type="accepted"><day>4</day><month>7</month><year>2011</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright © 2011 Maria Beatriz C. C. Alonso et al.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2011</copyright-year><license license-type="open-access"><license-p>This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.</license-p></license></permissions><abstract><p>The aim of this study was to evaluate radiomorphometric indices in dental panoramic radiographs in order to identify possible interrelationships between these indices and the sex and age of the patients analyzed. The study included 1287 digital panoramic radiographic images of patients that were grouped into five age groups (1 = age 17–20; 2 = age 21–35; 3 = age 36–55; 4 = age 56–69; 5 = over age 70). Two indices—cortical width at the gonion (GI) and below the mental foramen (MI)—were measured bilaterally in all panoramic radiographs. Statistical analysis was performed with Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests (alpha = 0.05). Results for the indices measurements showed significant differences among patient age groups of both sexes, considering that groups 4 and 5 presented lower values for the cortical width of both indices. The present paper supports the role of sex- and age-related changes in mandibular radiomorphometric indices in identifying skeletal osteopenia.</p></abstract></article-meta></front><floats-group><fig id="fig1" position="float"><label>Figure 1</label><caption><p>Measurement of the cortical thickness at the gonial region (gonial index—GI) using the software Radioimp.</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="RHEUMATOLOGY2011-854287.001"></graphic></fig><fig id="fig2" position="float"><label>Figure 2</label><caption><p>Measurement of the cortical thickness at the mental foramen (mental index—MI) using the software Radioimp.</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="RHEUMATOLOGY2011-854287.002"></graphic></fig><table-wrap id="tab1" position="float"><label>Table 1</label><caption><p>Measurement results for male panoramic radiographs analyzed.</p></caption><table frame="hsides" rules="groups"><thead><tr><th align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Patient age groups</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Number of cases</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Mean age</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Means and standard deviations for GI values</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Means and standard deviations for MI values</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Kruskal-Wallis test result</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">63 (15.36%)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">18.79</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.37 ± 0.37</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">4.19 ±1.02</td><td align="center" rowspan="5" colspan="1"><italic>P </italic>< 0.001</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">131 (31.95%)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">31.38</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.33 ± 0.16</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3.96 ± 0.94</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">147 (35.85%)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">47.62</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.19 ± 0.14</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3.55 ± 0.54</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">4</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">108 (26.34%)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">64.92</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.11 ± 0.16</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3.20 ± 0.68</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">54 (13.17%)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">73.07</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.08 ± 0.15</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3.07 ± 0.64</td></tr></tbody></table></table-wrap><table-wrap id="tab2" position="float"><label>Table 2</label><caption><p>Measurement results for female panoramic radiographs analyzed.</p></caption><table frame="hsides" rules="groups"><thead><tr><th align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Patient age groups</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Number of cases</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Mean age</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Means and standard deviations for GI values</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Means and standard deviations for MI values</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Kruskal-Wallis test result</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">104 (8.0%)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">19.16</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.25 ± 0.23</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3.60 ± 0.76</td><td align="center" rowspan="5" colspan="1"><italic>P </italic>< 0.001</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">187 (14.5%)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">27.54</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.20 ± 0.24</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3.57 ± 0.57</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">322 (25.0%)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">49.27</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.14 ± 0.25</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3.49 ± 0.77</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">4</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">123 (9.5%)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">66.24</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.08 ± 0.23</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3.29 ± 0.71</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">48 (3.7%)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">75.06</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.06 ± 0.26</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2.82 ± 0.65</td></tr></tbody></table></table-wrap><table-wrap id="tab3" position="float"><label>Table 3</label><caption><p>Results for the statistical analysis of differences between male age groups results.</p></caption><table frame="hsides" rules="groups"><thead><tr><th align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Radiomorphometric index</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Age groups compared</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Mann-Whitney test result</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td align="left" rowspan="4" colspan="1">GI</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1 and 2</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>P </italic>= 0.1764</td></tr><tr><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2 and 3</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>P </italic>< 0.001</td></tr><tr><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3 and 4</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>P </italic>< 0.001</td></tr><tr><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">4 and 5</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>P </italic>= 0.1024</td></tr><tr><td align="center" colspan="3" rowspan="1"><hr></hr></td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="4" colspan="1">MI</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1 and 2</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>P </italic>= 0.1032</td></tr><tr><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2 and 3</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>P </italic>< 0.001</td></tr><tr><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3 and 4</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>P </italic>< 0.001</td></tr><tr><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">4 and 5</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>P </italic>= 0.0095</td></tr></tbody></table></table-wrap><table-wrap id="tab4" position="float"><label>Table 4</label><caption><p>Results for the statistical analysis of differences between female age groups results.</p></caption><table frame="hsides" rules="groups"><thead><tr><th align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Radiomorphometric index</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Age groups compared</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Mann-Whitney test result</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td align="left" rowspan="4" colspan="1">GI</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1 and 2</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>P </italic>= 0.0036</td></tr><tr><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2 and 3</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>P </italic>= 0.0167</td></tr><tr><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3 and 4</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>P </italic>= 0.0058</td></tr><tr><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">4 and 5</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>P </italic>= 0.2643</td></tr><tr><td align="center" colspan="3" rowspan="1"><hr></hr></td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="4" colspan="1">MI</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1 and 2</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>P </italic>= 0.4704</td></tr><tr><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2 and 3</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>P </italic>= 0.1362</td></tr><tr><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3 and 4</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>P </italic>= 0.0037</td></tr><tr><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">4 and 5</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>P </italic>< 0.001</td></tr></tbody></table></table-wrap></floats-group></pmc><affiliations><list><country><li>Brésil</li></country><region><li>État de São Paulo</li></region><settlement><li>São Paulo</li></settlement><orgName><li>Université de São Paulo</li></orgName></list><tree><country name="Brésil"><region name="État de São Paulo"><name sortKey="Alonso, Maria Beatriz C C" sort="Alonso, Maria Beatriz C C" uniqKey="Alonso M" first="Maria Beatriz C. C." last="Alonso">Maria Beatriz C. C. Alonso</name></region><name sortKey="Arita, Emiko S" sort="Arita, Emiko S" uniqKey="Arita E" first="Emiko S." last="Arita">Emiko S. Arita</name><name sortKey="Camargo, Angela J" sort="Camargo, Angela J" uniqKey="Camargo A" first="Angela J." last="Camargo">Angela J. Camargo</name><name sortKey="Cortes, Arthur R G" sort="Cortes, Arthur R G" uniqKey="Cortes A" first="Arthur R. G." last="Cortes">Arthur R. G. Cortes</name><name sortKey="Haiter Neto, Francisco" sort="Haiter Neto, Francisco" uniqKey="Haiter Neto F" first="Francisco" last="Haiter-Neto">Francisco Haiter-Neto</name><name sortKey="Watanabe, Plauto Christopher A" sort="Watanabe, Plauto Christopher A" uniqKey="Watanabe P" first="Plauto Christopher A." last="Watanabe">Plauto Christopher A. Watanabe</name></country></tree></affiliations></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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