Clinical factors correlated with the success rate of miniscrews in orthodontic treatment
Identifieur interne : 003B44 ( Ncbi/Merge ); précédent : 003B43; suivant : 003B45Clinical factors correlated with the success rate of miniscrews in orthodontic treatment
Auteurs : Nikolaos Topouzelis [Grèce] ; Phoebus Tsaousoglou [Grèce]Source :
- International Journal of Oral Science [ 1674-2818 ] ; 2012.
Abstract
Miniscrews offer a reliable alternative for anchorage during orthodontic treatment, particularly for non-cooperative patients or periodontal patients with alveolar bone loss. The study aims at assessing the correlation of various clinical indicators with the success or failure of miniscrews used for anchorage during orthodontic treatment. Thirty-four consecutive patients with a cumulative total of 82 miniscrews implanted participated in the study. Generalized Estimating Equations were used to assess the correlation of various factors with success rates. The miniscrew was considered the unit of analysis clustered within site and within patient. The overall success rate of miniscrews was 90.2%. For every additional miniscrew used in a patient's oral cavity, the success rate was reduced by 67%. Retromandibular triangle and palatal placement and in movable mucosa resulted in lower success rate. The miniscrew length and diameter were found to correlate with success rates. Orthodontic force applied on miniscrews for uprighting purposes showed a lower success rate than that used for retraction. This study revealed that miniscrews present high success rates. The number of miniscrews used per patient, the miniscrew site placement, the soft tissue type of placement, the miniscrew length and diameter as well as the orthodontic force applied on the miniscrew showed significant correlation with success rates.
Url:
DOI: 10.1038/ijos.2012.1
PubMed: 22241373
PubMed Central: 3412662
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<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Clinical factors correlated with the success rate of miniscrews in orthodontic treatment</title><author><name sortKey="Topouzelis, Nikolaos" sort="Topouzelis, Nikolaos" uniqKey="Topouzelis N" first="Nikolaos" last="Topouzelis">Nikolaos Topouzelis</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff1"><institution>Dental School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki</institution>, Thessaloniki GR-54124,<country>Greece</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Grèce</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tsaousoglou, Phoebus" sort="Tsaousoglou, Phoebus" uniqKey="Tsaousoglou P" first="Phoebus" last="Tsaousoglou">Phoebus Tsaousoglou</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff1"><institution>Dental School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki</institution>, Thessaloniki GR-54124,<country>Greece</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Grèce</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno><idno type="pmid">22241373</idno><idno type="pmc">3412662</idno><idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3412662</idno><idno type="RBID">PMC:3412662</idno><idno type="doi">10.1038/ijos.2012.1</idno><date when="2012">2012</date><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Corpus">000065</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PMC">000065</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Curation">000065</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Curation">000065</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Checkpoint">001F49</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Checkpoint">001F49</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Ncbi/Merge">003B44</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">Clinical factors correlated with the success rate of miniscrews in orthodontic treatment</title><author><name sortKey="Topouzelis, Nikolaos" sort="Topouzelis, Nikolaos" uniqKey="Topouzelis N" first="Nikolaos" last="Topouzelis">Nikolaos Topouzelis</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff1"><institution>Dental School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki</institution>, Thessaloniki GR-54124,<country>Greece</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Grèce</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tsaousoglou, Phoebus" sort="Tsaousoglou, Phoebus" uniqKey="Tsaousoglou P" first="Phoebus" last="Tsaousoglou">Phoebus Tsaousoglou</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff1"><institution>Dental School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki</institution>, Thessaloniki GR-54124,<country>Greece</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Grèce</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">International Journal of Oral Science</title><idno type="ISSN">1674-2818</idno><idno type="eISSN">2049-3169</idno><imprint><date when="2012">2012</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p>Miniscrews offer a reliable alternative for anchorage during orthodontic treatment, particularly for non-cooperative patients or periodontal patients with alveolar bone loss. The study aims at assessing the correlation of various clinical indicators with the success or failure of miniscrews used for anchorage during orthodontic treatment. Thirty-four consecutive patients with a cumulative total of 82 miniscrews implanted participated in the study. Generalized Estimating Equations were used to assess the correlation of various factors with success rates. The miniscrew was considered the unit of analysis clustered within site and within patient. The overall success rate of miniscrews was 90.2%. For every additional miniscrew used in a patient's oral cavity, the success rate was reduced by 67%. Retromandibular triangle and palatal placement and in movable mucosa resulted in lower success rate. The miniscrew length and diameter were found to correlate with success rates. Orthodontic force applied on miniscrews for uprighting purposes showed a lower success rate than that used for retraction. This study revealed that miniscrews present high success rates. The number of miniscrews used per patient, the miniscrew site placement, the soft tissue type of placement, the miniscrew length and diameter as well as the orthodontic force applied on the miniscrew showed significant correlation with success rates.</p></div></front><back><div1 type="bibliography"><listBibl><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Leonhardt, A" uniqKey="Leonhardt A">A Leonhardt</name></author><author><name sortKey="Grondahl, K" uniqKey="Grondahl K">K Grondahl</name></author><author><name sortKey="Bergstrom, C" uniqKey="Bergstrom C">C Bergstrom</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Weber, Hp" uniqKey="Weber H">HP Weber</name></author><author><name sortKey="Crohin, Cc" uniqKey="Crohin C">CC Crohin</name></author><author><name sortKey="Fiorellini, Jp" uniqKey="Fiorellini J">JP Fiorellini</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Buser, D" uniqKey="Buser D">D 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<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Int J Oral Sci</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">Int J Oral Sci</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title>International Journal of Oral Science</journal-title></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1674-2818</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2049-3169</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Nature Publishing Group</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">22241373</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="pmc">3412662</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="pii">ijos20121</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1038/ijos.2012.1</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Original Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Clinical factors correlated with the success rate of miniscrews in orthodontic treatment</article-title><alt-title alt-title-type="running">Clinical factors correlated with the success rate of miniscrews</alt-title></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Topouzelis</surname><given-names>Nikolaos</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">1</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Tsaousoglou</surname><given-names>Phoebus</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">1</xref></contrib><aff id="aff1"><label>1</label><institution>Dental School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki</institution>, Thessaloniki GR-54124,<country>Greece</country></aff></contrib-group><author-notes><corresp id="caf1"><label>*</label><institution>Dental School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki</institution>, Thessaloniki GR-54124, <country>Greece</country>. E-mail: <email>ntopouz@dent.auth.gr</email></corresp></author-notes><pub-date pub-type="ppub"><month>04</month><year>2012</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>12</day><month>01</month><year>2012</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="pmc-release"><day>1</day><month>4</month><year>2012</year></pub-date><volume>4</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>38</fpage><lpage>44</lpage><history><date date-type="received"><day>24</day><month>07</month><year>2011</year></date><date date-type="accepted"><day>28</day><month>10</month><year>2011</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright © 2012 West China School of Stomatology</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2012</copyright-year><copyright-holder>West China School of Stomatology</copyright-holder><license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/"><pmc-comment>author-paid</pmc-comment>
<license-p>This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-No Derivative Works 3.0 Unported License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/</license-p></license></permissions><abstract><p>Miniscrews offer a reliable alternative for anchorage during orthodontic treatment, particularly for non-cooperative patients or periodontal patients with alveolar bone loss. The study aims at assessing the correlation of various clinical indicators with the success or failure of miniscrews used for anchorage during orthodontic treatment. Thirty-four consecutive patients with a cumulative total of 82 miniscrews implanted participated in the study. Generalized Estimating Equations were used to assess the correlation of various factors with success rates. The miniscrew was considered the unit of analysis clustered within site and within patient. The overall success rate of miniscrews was 90.2%. For every additional miniscrew used in a patient's oral cavity, the success rate was reduced by 67%. Retromandibular triangle and palatal placement and in movable mucosa resulted in lower success rate. The miniscrew length and diameter were found to correlate with success rates. Orthodontic force applied on miniscrews for uprighting purposes showed a lower success rate than that used for retraction. This study revealed that miniscrews present high success rates. The number of miniscrews used per patient, the miniscrew site placement, the soft tissue type of placement, the miniscrew length and diameter as well as the orthodontic force applied on the miniscrew showed significant correlation with success rates.</p></abstract><kwd-group><kwd>miniscrews</kwd><kwd>orthodontic anchorage</kwd><kwd>success rate</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><floats-group><fig id="fig1"><label>Figure 1</label><caption><p><bold>Upper canine retraction using a miniscrew, elastic force and sectional/segmented arch.</bold> Pre-treatment (<bold>a</bold>), during treatment (<bold>b</bold>) and post-treatment (<bold>c</bold>) photograph.</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="ijos20121f1"></graphic></fig><table-wrap id="tbl1"><label>Table 1</label><caption><title>Fifteen placement site of miniscrew correlated with results</title></caption><table frame="hsides" rules="groups" border="1"><colgroup><col align="left"></col><col align="center"></col><col align="center"></col><col align="center"></col></colgroup><thead valign="bottom"><tr><th align="left" valign="top" charoff="50"> </th><th colspan="3" align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">Result</th></tr><tr><th align="left" valign="top" charoff="50">Placement site</th><th align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">Success (<italic>n</italic>)<xref ref-type="fn" rid="tbfnote1">*</xref></th><th align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">Failure (<italic>n</italic>)<xref ref-type="fn" rid="tbfnote1">*</xref></th><th align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">Total</th></tr></thead><tbody valign="top"><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50">15–16 buccal</td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">23</td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">0</td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">23</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50">25–26 buccal</td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">25</td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">1</td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">26</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50">35–36 buccal</td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">6</td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">0</td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">6</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50">45–46 buccal</td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">4</td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">1</td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">5</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50">26–27 buccal</td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">1</td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">0</td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">1</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50">43–44 buccal</td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">2</td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">1</td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">3</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50">26–27 palatal</td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">3</td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">1</td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">4</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50">16–17 palatal</td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">3</td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">1</td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">4</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50">37 retromandibular triangle</td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">2</td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">0</td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">2</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50">47 retromandibular triangle</td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">1</td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">2</td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">3</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50">47 mesial</td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">1</td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">0</td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">1</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50">16 buccal–distal</td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">1</td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">0</td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">1</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50">26 buccal–distal</td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">1</td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">0</td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">1</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50">16 palatal–mesial</td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">1</td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">0</td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">1</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50">26 palatal–mesial</td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">0</td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">1</td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">1</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50">Total</td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">74</td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">8</td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">82</td></tr></tbody></table><table-wrap-foot><fn id="tbfnote1"><label>*</label><p>(<italic>n</italic>), number of miniscrews.</p></fn></table-wrap-foot></table-wrap><table-wrap id="tbl2"><label>Table 2</label><caption><title>Mean loading time of miniscrews</title></caption><table frame="hsides" rules="groups" border="1"><colgroup><col align="left"></col><col align="center"></col></colgroup><thead valign="bottom"><tr><th align="left" valign="top" charoff="50">Categories of loading time</th><th align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">Time/month</th></tr></thead><tbody valign="top"><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50">Mean loading time (range)</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">8 (1–14)</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50">Mean loading time with success (range)</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">9.5 (6–14)</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50">Mean loading time with failure (range)</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">2.5 (1–4)</td></tr></tbody></table></table-wrap><table-wrap id="tbl3"><label>Table 3</label><caption><title>Description of the data and estimated odds ratio from the Generalized Estimating Equations models (referral category ‘Failure')</title></caption><table frame="hsides" rules="groups" border="1"><colgroup><col align="left"></col><col align="center"></col><col align="center"></col><col align="center"></col><col align="center"></col></colgroup><thead valign="bottom"><tr><th align="left" valign="top" charoff="50">Factor/variable</th><th align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">Success</th><th align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">Failure</th><th align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">OR (95% CI)</th><th align="center" valign="top" charoff="50"><italic>P</italic> value</th></tr></thead><tbody valign="top"><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50">Total miniscrews</td><td align="center" valign="top" char="(" charoff="50">74 (90.2%)</td><td align="center" valign="top" char="(" charoff="50">8 (9.8%)</td><td align="center" valign="top" char="(" charoff="50">9.3 (5.4–16)</td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50"><0.001<xref ref-type="fn" rid="tbfnote10">***</xref></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50">Age (mean<xref ref-type="fn" rid="tbfnote2">a</xref>±s.d.) (range)</td><td align="center" valign="top" char="(" charoff="50">29±8.3 (15–45)</td><td align="center" valign="top" char="(" charoff="50">26.7±4.1 (22–32)</td><td align="center" valign="top" char="(" charoff="50">1.05 (0.98–1.1)</td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">0.162</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50">Gender</td><td align="center" valign="top" char="(" charoff="50"> </td><td align="center" valign="top" char="(" charoff="50"> </td><td align="center" valign="top" char="(" charoff="50"> </td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50"> </td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50"> Female</td><td align="center" valign="top" char="(" charoff="50">48 (87.3%)</td><td align="center" valign="top" char="(" charoff="50">7 (12.7%)</td><td align="center" valign="top" char="(" charoff="50">3.8 (0.6–25)</td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">0.167</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50"> Male<xref ref-type="fn" rid="tbfnote7">f</xref></td><td align="center" valign="top" char="(" charoff="50">26 (96.3%)</td><td align="center" valign="top" char="(" charoff="50">1 (3.7%)</td><td align="center" valign="top" char="(" charoff="50"> </td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50"> </td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50">Smoking</td><td align="center" valign="top" char="(" charoff="50"> </td><td align="center" valign="top" char="(" charoff="50"> </td><td align="center" valign="top" char="(" charoff="50"> </td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50"> </td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50"> No</td><td align="center" valign="top" char="(" charoff="50">54 (90%)</td><td align="center" valign="top" char="(" charoff="50">6 (10%)</td><td align="center" valign="top" char="(" charoff="50">0.9 (0.24–3.4)</td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">0.877</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50"> Yes<xref ref-type="fn" rid="tbfnote7">f</xref></td><td align="center" valign="top" char="(" charoff="50">20 (90.9%)</td><td align="center" valign="top" char="(" charoff="50">2 (9.1%)</td><td align="center" valign="top" char="(" charoff="50"> </td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50"> </td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50">Miniscrews number per patient<xref ref-type="fn" rid="tbfnote6">e</xref></td><td align="center" valign="top" char="(" charoff="50"> </td><td align="center" valign="top" char="(" charoff="50"> </td><td align="center" valign="top" char="(" charoff="50"> </td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50"> </td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50"> 1</td><td align="center" valign="top" char="(" charoff="50">6 (100%)</td><td align="center" valign="top" char="(" charoff="50">0</td><td align="center" valign="top" char="(" charoff="50">0.33 (0.2–0.56)</td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50"><0.001<xref ref-type="fn" rid="tbfnote10">***</xref></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50"> 2</td><td align="center" valign="top" char="(" charoff="50">36 (100%)</td><td align="center" valign="top" char="(" charoff="50">0</td><td align="center" valign="top" char="(" charoff="50"> </td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50"> </td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50"> 3</td><td align="center" valign="top" char="(" charoff="50">2 (66.7%)</td><td align="center" valign="top" char="(" charoff="50">1 (33.3%)</td><td align="center" valign="top" char="(" charoff="50"> </td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50"> </td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50"> 4</td><td align="center" valign="top" char="(" charoff="50">26 (81.2%)</td><td align="center" valign="top" char="(" charoff="50">6 (18.8%)</td><td align="center" valign="top" char="(" charoff="50"> </td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50"> </td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50"> 5</td><td align="center" valign="top" char="(" charoff="50">4 (80%)</td><td align="center" valign="top" char="(" charoff="50">1 (20%)</td><td align="center" valign="top" char="(" charoff="50"> </td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50"> </td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50">Miniscrew length</td><td align="center" valign="top" char="(" charoff="50"> </td><td align="center" valign="top" char="(" charoff="50"> </td><td align="center" valign="top" char="(" charoff="50"> </td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50"> </td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50"> 8 mm</td><td align="center" valign="top" char="(" charoff="50">63 (94%)</td><td align="center" valign="top" char="(" charoff="50">4 (6%)</td><td align="center" valign="top" char="(" charoff="50">5.7 (1.7–19.6)</td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">0.006<xref ref-type="fn" rid="tbfnote9">**</xref></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50"> 10 mm<xref ref-type="fn" rid="tbfnote7">f</xref></td><td align="center" valign="top" char="(" charoff="50">11 (73.3%)</td><td align="center" valign="top" char="(" charoff="50">4 (26.7%)</td><td align="center" valign="top" char="(" charoff="50"> </td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50"> </td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50">Miniscrew diameter</td><td align="center" valign="top" char="(" charoff="50"> </td><td align="center" valign="top" char="(" charoff="50"> </td><td align="center" valign="top" char="(" charoff="50"> </td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50"> </td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50"> 1.2 mm</td><td align="center" valign="top" char="(" charoff="50">57 (95%)</td><td align="center" valign="top" char="(" charoff="50">3 (5%)</td><td align="center" valign="top" char="(" charoff="50">5.6 (1.4–21.8)</td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">0.013<xref ref-type="fn" rid="tbfnote8">*</xref></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50"> 1.4 mm<xref ref-type="fn" rid="tbfnote7">f</xref></td><td align="center" valign="top" char="(" charoff="50">17 (77.3%)</td><td align="center" valign="top" char="(" charoff="50">5 (22.7%)</td><td align="center" valign="top" char="(" charoff="50"> </td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50"> </td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50">Malocclusion type</td><td align="center" valign="top" char="(" charoff="50"> </td><td align="center" valign="top" char="(" charoff="50"> </td><td align="center" valign="top" char="(" charoff="50"> </td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50"> </td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50"> Angle I</td><td align="center" valign="top" char="(" charoff="50">54 (90%)</td><td align="center" valign="top" char="(" charoff="50">6 (10%)</td><td align="center" valign="top" char="(" charoff="50">0.9 (0.25–3.3)</td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">0.873</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50"> Angle II/1<xref ref-type="fn" rid="tbfnote7">f</xref></td><td align="center" valign="top" char="(" charoff="50">20 (90.9%)</td><td align="center" valign="top" char="(" charoff="50">2 (9.1%)</td><td align="center" valign="top" char="(" charoff="50"> </td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50"> </td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50">Dentoalveolar abnormality<xref ref-type="fn" rid="tbfnote3">b</xref></td><td align="center" valign="top" char="(" charoff="50"> </td><td align="center" valign="top" char="(" charoff="50"> </td><td align="center" valign="top" char="(" charoff="50"> </td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50"> </td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50"> Crowding</td><td align="center" valign="top" char="(" charoff="50">53 (88.3%)</td><td align="center" valign="top" char="(" charoff="50">7 (11.7%)</td><td align="center" valign="top" char="(" charoff="50">1.1 (0.2–5.8)</td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">0.927</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50"> Open bite<xref ref-type="fn" rid="tbfnote7">f</xref></td><td align="center" valign="top" char="(" charoff="50">7 (87.5%)</td><td align="center" valign="top" char="(" charoff="50">1 (12.5%)</td><td align="center" valign="top" char="(" charoff="50"> </td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50"> </td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50">Site placement<xref ref-type="fn" rid="tbfnote4">c,</xref><xref ref-type="fn" rid="tbfnote6">e</xref></td><td align="center" valign="top" char="(" charoff="50"> </td><td align="center" valign="top" char="(" charoff="50"> </td><td align="center" valign="top" char="(" charoff="50"> </td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50"> </td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50"> Retromandibular triangle</td><td align="center" valign="top" char="(" charoff="50">3 (60%)</td><td align="center" valign="top" char="(" charoff="50">2 (40%)</td><td align="center" valign="top" char="(" charoff="50">0.07 (0.01–0.5)</td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">0.008<xref ref-type="fn" rid="tbfnote9">**</xref></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50"> Palatal</td><td align="center" valign="top" char="(" charoff="50">7 (70%)</td><td align="center" valign="top" char="(" charoff="50">3 (30%)</td><td align="center" valign="top" char="(" charoff="50">0.11 (0.03–0.5)</td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">0.004<xref ref-type="fn" rid="tbfnote9">**</xref></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50"> Buccal<xref ref-type="fn" rid="tbfnote7">f</xref></td><td align="center" valign="top" char="(" charoff="50">63 (95.5%)</td><td align="center" valign="top" char="(" charoff="50">3 (4.5%)</td><td align="center" valign="top" char="(" charoff="50"> </td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50"> </td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50">Maxillary/mandibular placement</td><td align="center" valign="top" char="(" charoff="50"> </td><td align="center" valign="top" char="(" charoff="50"> </td><td align="center" valign="top" char="(" charoff="50"> </td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50"> </td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50"> Maxilla</td><td align="center" valign="top" char="(" charoff="50">58 (93.5%)</td><td align="center" valign="top" char="(" charoff="50">4 (6.5%)</td><td align="center" valign="top" char="(" charoff="50">3.6 (0.8–17)</td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">0.102</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50"> Mandible<xref ref-type="fn" rid="tbfnote7">f</xref></td><td align="center" valign="top" char="(" charoff="50">16 (80%)</td><td align="center" valign="top" char="(" charoff="50">4 (20%)</td><td align="center" valign="top" char="(" charoff="50"> </td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50"> </td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50">Surgical placement procedure</td><td align="center" valign="top" char="(" charoff="50"> </td><td align="center" valign="top" char="(" charoff="50"> </td><td align="center" valign="top" char="(" charoff="50"> </td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50"> </td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50"> Flapless<xref ref-type="fn" rid="tbfnote5">d</xref></td><td align="center" valign="top" char="(" charoff="50">70 (92.1%)</td><td align="center" valign="top" char="(" charoff="50">6 (7.9%)</td><td align="center" valign="top" char="(" charoff="50">5.8 (1.2–28.8)</td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">0.031<xref ref-type="fn" rid="tbfnote8">*</xref></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50"> Flapped<xref ref-type="fn" rid="tbfnote5">d,</xref><xref ref-type="fn" rid="tbfnote7">f</xref></td><td align="center" valign="top" char="(" charoff="50">4 (66.7%)</td><td align="center" valign="top" char="(" charoff="50">2 (33.3%)</td><td align="center" valign="top" char="(" charoff="50"> </td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50"> </td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50">Placement soft tissue type<xref ref-type="fn" rid="tbfnote6">e</xref></td><td align="center" valign="top" char="(" charoff="50"> </td><td align="center" valign="top" char="(" charoff="50"> </td><td align="center" valign="top" char="(" charoff="50"> </td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50"> </td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50"> Attached gingiva</td><td align="center" valign="top" char="(" charoff="50">73 (92.4%)</td><td align="center" valign="top" char="(" charoff="50">6 (7.6%)</td><td align="center" valign="top" char="(" charoff="50">24.3 (5.1–115.5)</td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50"><0.001<xref ref-type="fn" rid="tbfnote10">***</xref></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50"> Movable mucosa<xref ref-type="fn" rid="tbfnote7">f</xref></td><td align="center" valign="top" char="(" charoff="50">1 (33.3%)</td><td align="center" valign="top" char="(" charoff="50">2 (66.7%)</td><td align="center" valign="top" char="(" charoff="50"> </td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50"> </td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50">Orthodontic force applied on miniscrew</td><td align="center" valign="top" char="(" charoff="50"> </td><td align="center" valign="top" char="(" charoff="50"> </td><td align="center" valign="top" char="(" charoff="50"> </td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50"> </td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50"> Intrusion</td><td align="center" valign="top" char="(" charoff="50">11 (84.6)</td><td align="center" valign="top" char="(" charoff="50">2 (15.4)</td><td align="center" valign="top" char="(" charoff="50">0.21 (0.034–1.3)</td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">0.094</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50"> Protraction</td><td align="center" valign="top" char="(" charoff="50">2 (66.7%)</td><td align="center" valign="top" char="(" charoff="50">1 (33.3%)</td><td align="center" valign="top" char="(" charoff="50">0.077 (0.005–1.168)</td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">0.065</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50"> Uprighting</td><td align="center" valign="top" char="(" charoff="50">9 (75%)</td><td align="center" valign="top" char="(" charoff="50">3 (25%)</td><td align="center" valign="top" char="(" charoff="50">0.12 (0.024–0.55)</td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">0.007<xref ref-type="fn" rid="tbfnote9">**</xref></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50"> Retraction<xref ref-type="fn" rid="tbfnote7">f</xref></td><td align="center" valign="top" char="(" charoff="50">52 (96.3%)</td><td align="center" valign="top" char="(" charoff="50">2 (3.7%)</td><td align="center" valign="top" char="(" charoff="50"> </td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50"> </td></tr></tbody></table><table-wrap-foot><fn id="tbfnote2"><label>a</label><p>Quantitative scale;</p></fn><fn id="tbfnote3"><label>b</label><p>Fourteen patients did not present crowding or open bite. Their miniscrew procedures were considered successful;</p></fn><fn id="tbfnote4"><label>c</label><p>At the mesial site of #47, a miniscrew was placed with success and it was not included in the statistical analysis;</p></fn><fn id="tbfnote5"><label>d</label><p>Hand screwdriver;</p></fn><fn id="tbfnote6"><label>e</label><p>Most significant factor/variable using Bonferroni correction (<italic>P</italic><0.0042, 12 factors);</p></fn><fn id="tbfnote7"><label>f</label><p>Referral category;</p></fn><fn id="tbfnote8"><label>*</label><p><italic>P</italic><0.05;</p></fn><fn id="tbfnote9"><label>**</label><p><italic>P</italic><0.01;</p></fn><fn id="tbfnote10"><label>***</label><p><italic>P</italic><0.001.</p></fn></table-wrap-foot></table-wrap></floats-group></pmc><affiliations><list><country><li>Grèce</li></country></list><tree><country name="Grèce"><noRegion><name sortKey="Topouzelis, Nikolaos" sort="Topouzelis, Nikolaos" uniqKey="Topouzelis N" first="Nikolaos" last="Topouzelis">Nikolaos Topouzelis</name></noRegion><name sortKey="Tsaousoglou, Phoebus" sort="Tsaousoglou, Phoebus" uniqKey="Tsaousoglou P" first="Phoebus" last="Tsaousoglou">Phoebus Tsaousoglou</name></country></tree></affiliations></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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