Changes in the Facial Skeleton With Aging: Implications and Clinical Applications in Facial Rejuvenation
Identifieur interne : 003E33 ( Ncbi/Curation ); précédent : 003E32; suivant : 003E34Changes in the Facial Skeleton With Aging: Implications and Clinical Applications in Facial Rejuvenation
Auteurs : Bryan Mendelson ; Chin-Ho Wong [Singapour]Source :
- Aesthetic Plastic Surgery [ 0364-216X ] ; 2012.
Abstract
In principle, to achieve the most natural and harmonious rejuvenation of the face, all changes that result from the aging process should be corrected. Traditionally, soft tissue lifting and redraping have constituted the cornerstone of most facial rejuvenation procedures. Changes in the facial skeleton that occur with aging and their impact on facial appearance have not been well appreciated. Accordingly, failure to address changes in the skeletal foundation of the face may limit the potential benefit of any rejuvenation procedure. Correction of the skeletal framework is increasingly viewed as the new frontier in facial rejuvenation. It currently is clear that certain areas of the facial skeleton undergo resorption with aging. Areas with a strong predisposition to resorption include the midface skeleton, particularly the maxilla including the pyriform region of the nose, the superomedial and inferolateral aspects of the orbital rim, and the prejowl area of the mandible. These areas resorb in a specific and predictable manner with aging. The resultant deficiencies of the skeletal foundation contribute to the stigmata of the aging face. In patients with a congenitally weak skeletal structure, the skeleton may be the primary cause for the manifestations of premature aging. These areas should be specifically examined in patients undergoing facial rejuvenation and addressed to obtain superior aesthetic results.
This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors
The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s00266-012-9904-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Url:
DOI: 10.1007/s00266-012-9904-3
PubMed: 22580543
PubMed Central: 3404279
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Bryan Mendelson<affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff1">The Centre for Facial Plastic Surgery, 109 Mathoura Road, Toorak, VIC 3142 Australia</nlm:aff>
<wicri:noCountry code="subfield">VIC 3142 Australia</wicri:noCountry>
</affiliation>
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<front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Abstract</title>
<p>In principle, to achieve the most natural and harmonious rejuvenation of the face, all changes that result from the aging process should be corrected. Traditionally, soft tissue lifting and redraping have constituted the cornerstone of most facial rejuvenation procedures. Changes in the facial skeleton that occur with aging and their impact on facial appearance have not been well appreciated. Accordingly, failure to address changes in the skeletal foundation of the face may limit the potential benefit of any rejuvenation procedure. Correction of the skeletal framework is increasingly viewed as the new frontier in facial rejuvenation. It currently is clear that certain areas of the facial skeleton undergo resorption with aging. Areas with a strong predisposition to resorption include the midface skeleton, particularly the maxilla including the pyriform region of the nose, the superomedial and inferolateral aspects of the orbital rim, and the prejowl area of the mandible. These areas resorb in a specific and predictable manner with aging. The resultant deficiencies of the skeletal foundation contribute to the stigmata of the aging face. In patients with a congenitally weak skeletal structure, the skeleton may be the primary cause for the manifestations of premature aging. These areas should be specifically examined in patients undergoing facial rejuvenation and addressed to obtain superior aesthetic results.</p>
</sec>
<sec><title>Level of Evidence IV</title>
<p>This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.springer.com/00266">www.springer.com/00266</ext-link>
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<sec><title>Electronic supplementary material</title>
<p>The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s00266-012-9904-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.</p>
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