Effects of light intensity and spectrum on fish behaviour in laboratory aquaria
Identifieur interne : 007F95 ( Main/Exploration ); précédent : 007F94; suivant : 007F96Effects of light intensity and spectrum on fish behaviour in laboratory aquaria
Auteurs : I. Barber [Royaume-Uni] ; J. Young [Royaume-Uni] ; E. Morrison-Smith [Royaume-Uni] ; E. Matthews [Royaume-Uni]Source :
- Journal of Fish Biology [ 0022-1112 ] ; 2003-12.
Descripteurs français
- Wicri :
English descriptors
- KwdEn :
- 1cardiff school, 1department, 1fisheries research services, 2fisheries research services, Aberrant stickleback, Acipenser ruthenus, Aculeatus, African catfish, Aggressive behaviour, Aggressive mimicry, Alternative mating tactics, Anglia, Animal ecology, Animal sciences, Aquaculture, Aquaculture science, Ashworth laboratory, Atlantic salmon, Atlantic salmon parr, Barbu, Bartram hall, Beaugregory damselfish, Behaviour, Behavioural, Behavioural interaction, Behavioural interactions, Behavioural studies, Better understanding, Biological sciences, Biology, Bitterling, Bitterling population dynamics, Body mass, Body size, British isles, British isles paper abstracts, Brood pouch, Brook, Brook trout, Brook water velocity, Brown trout, Buffer effect, Cannibalism, Cardiff, Cardiff university, Caribbean cleaning gobies, Centre, Cerebellar function, Chaos theory, Charlottelund castle, Chemical communication, Chemical cues, Cleaner wrasses, Cleanerfish mimics, Cleaning gobies, Cleaning interactions, Cleaning stations, Cleaning symbioses, Cognitive ability, Common garden, Conspecific, Coral, Coral colony, Coral reef fishes, Countergradient variation, Crenicichla alta, Cue, Cyprinid fishes, Czech republic, Dalhousie university, Damselfish, Danio rerio, Danish institute, Danube river, Deep water, Different light intensities, Different populations, Different size, Dispersal, Dominance hierarchies, Dominance rank, Dominant fish, Dynamics, Early life history characteristics, East anglia, Ecology, Ectoparasite, Ectoparasite availability, Ectoparasite loads, Edinburgh, Edward llwyd building, Elacatinus evelynae, Electronic data storage tags, Energetic costs, Energy expenditure, Environmental, Environmental conditions, Environmental extremes, European bitterling, Excysted metacercariae, Experimental control, Experimental zoology group, Familiar fish, Familiarity preferences, Feed intake, Female bitterling, Female quality, Fertilization, Field data, Filial cannibalism, First evidence, Fish, Fish behaviour, Fish biology, Fish cognition, Fish movements, Fish species, Fish stocks, Fish welfare, Fisheries research, Fisheries society, Fishery, Flow regions, Focal fish, Food availability, Food resources, Foraging, Foraging behaviour, Freshwater, Freshwater laboratory, Freshwater mussels, Functional response, Future studies, Gadus morhua, Gasterosteus, Gasterosteus aculeatus, Genetic basis, Genetic differences, Gill chamber, Girardinichthys multiradiatus, Goby, Greater numbers, Growth rate, Guppy, Habitat, Habitat choice, Habitat preference, Hatchery, Hatchery fish, Helsinki, Homing behaviour, Honest signal, Host behaviour change, Important fish species, Individual differences, Individual fish, Internal fertilization, Intraspecific variability, Isle, Juvenile atlantic salmon, Juvenile sticklebacks, Karlskrona archipelago, Knipowitschia panizzae, Kyoto japan, Kyoto university, Laboratory experiments, Laboratory studies, Lake tana, Large males, Larger males, Larval dispersal, Late afternoon, Leeds, Life cycle, Light environments, Light intensities, Light intensity, Littoral zone, Louis compton miall building, Lowestoft, Lowestoft laboratory, Main building, Male, Male competition, Male mating success, Male sticklebacks, Marine biology, Marine ecology, Marine science, Marine species, Mating success, Mating system, Mating systems, Migratory behaviour, Model species, Model system, Mosquito fish, Mussel, Natural populations, Natural resources, Neighbour, Nemachilus angorae, Nest opening, Network theory, Nocturnal foraging excursions, Normal distribution model, Normal stickleback males, Norwich, Nova scotia, Olfactory, Olfactory cues, Olfactory sensitivity, Original group, Other fish families, Other guppies, Other hand, Oviposition, Oviposition choices, Oviposition decisions, Oxygen levels, Pakefield road, Paper abstracts, Parablennius tentacularis, Paralichthys olivaceus, Parasite, Parasitic, Park place, Parr, Physiological condition, Piscivorous barbus, Plaice, Poecilia reticulata, Pool habitat, Population biology, Population densities, Population differences, Population dynamics, Population structure, Predation, Predator, Predator attack, Predator inspection, Predator inspection behaviour, Present data, Present study, Prey, Prey selection, Prey size, Putative prey, Queen mary, Recent work, Reproductive, Reproductive behaviour, Reproductive success, Resource competition, Results show, Rhodeus sericeus, River discharge, Salmo salar, Salmo trutta, Salmon, Salmon parr, Salmonid, Same time, Secondary males, Several species, Sexual selection, Shallow waters, Shoal, Shoaling, Shoaling behaviour, Shoaling tendency, Significant differences, Single males, Small groups, Sneaker males, Social behaviour, Social interactions, Social networks, Southern population, Species ranges, Sperm, Sperm cloud, Sperm competition, Sperm competition dynamics, Sperm expenditure, Sponge substrata, Stickleback, Stickleback gasterosteus aculeatus, Stream transport, Substrate embeddedness, Succursale centre ville, Testis, Tidal, Tidal streams, Trait, Transport mechanism, Trout, Turbot, Unfamiliar fish, Unfamiliar groups, Unknown individuals, Vertebrate, Vertebrate models, Vertebrate zoology, Visual cues, Visual isolation, Wageningen institute, Wales aberystwyth, Water flow rate, Water temperature, Water velocity, Wavelength spectrum, West mains road, Western australia, Wide range, Wild populations, Yellow stingray, Yellowfin shiner, Yugoslav part, Zoology, Zooplankton, Zooplankton density.
- Teeft :
- 1cardiff school, 1department, 1fisheries research services, 2fisheries research services, Aberrant stickleback, Acipenser ruthenus, Aculeatus, African catfish, Aggressive behaviour, Aggressive mimicry, Alternative mating tactics, Anglia, Animal ecology, Animal sciences, Aquaculture, Aquaculture science, Ashworth laboratory, Atlantic salmon, Atlantic salmon parr, Barbu, Bartram hall, Beaugregory damselfish, Behaviour, Behavioural, Behavioural interaction, Behavioural interactions, Behavioural studies, Better understanding, Biological sciences, Biology, Bitterling, Bitterling population dynamics, Body mass, Body size, British isles, British isles paper abstracts, Brood pouch, Brook, Brook trout, Brook water velocity, Brown trout, Buffer effect, Cannibalism, Cardiff, Cardiff university, Caribbean cleaning gobies, Centre, Cerebellar function, Chaos theory, Charlottelund castle, Chemical communication, Chemical cues, Cleaner wrasses, Cleanerfish mimics, Cleaning gobies, Cleaning interactions, Cleaning stations, Cleaning symbioses, Cognitive ability, Common garden, Conspecific, Coral, Coral colony, Coral reef fishes, Countergradient variation, Crenicichla alta, Cue, Cyprinid fishes, Czech republic, Dalhousie university, Damselfish, Danio rerio, Danish institute, Danube river, Deep water, Different light intensities, Different populations, Different size, Dispersal, Dominance hierarchies, Dominance rank, Dominant fish, Dynamics, Early life history characteristics, East anglia, Ecology, Ectoparasite, Ectoparasite availability, Ectoparasite loads, Edinburgh, Edward llwyd building, Elacatinus evelynae, Electronic data storage tags, Energetic costs, Energy expenditure, Environmental, Environmental conditions, Environmental extremes, European bitterling, Excysted metacercariae, Experimental control, Experimental zoology group, Familiar fish, Familiarity preferences, Feed intake, Female bitterling, Female quality, Fertilization, Field data, Filial cannibalism, First evidence, Fish, Fish behaviour, Fish biology, Fish cognition, Fish movements, Fish species, Fish stocks, Fish welfare, Fisheries research, Fisheries society, Fishery, Flow regions, Focal fish, Food availability, Food resources, Foraging, Foraging behaviour, Freshwater, Freshwater laboratory, Freshwater mussels, Functional response, Future studies, Gadus morhua, Gasterosteus, Gasterosteus aculeatus, Genetic basis, Genetic differences, Gill chamber, Girardinichthys multiradiatus, Goby, Greater numbers, Growth rate, Guppy, Habitat, Habitat choice, Habitat preference, Hatchery, Hatchery fish, Helsinki, Homing behaviour, Honest signal, Host behaviour change, Important fish species, Individual differences, Individual fish, Internal fertilization, Intraspecific variability, Isle, Juvenile atlantic salmon, Juvenile sticklebacks, Karlskrona archipelago, Knipowitschia panizzae, Kyoto japan, Kyoto university, Laboratory experiments, Laboratory studies, Lake tana, Large males, Larger males, Larval dispersal, Late afternoon, Leeds, Life cycle, Light environments, Light intensities, Light intensity, Littoral zone, Louis compton miall building, Lowestoft, Lowestoft laboratory, Main building, Male, Male competition, Male mating success, Male sticklebacks, Marine biology, Marine ecology, Marine science, Marine species, Mating success, Mating system, Mating systems, Migratory behaviour, Model species, Model system, Mosquito fish, Mussel, Natural populations, Natural resources, Neighbour, Nemachilus angorae, Nest opening, Network theory, Nocturnal foraging excursions, Normal distribution model, Normal stickleback males, Norwich, Nova scotia, Olfactory, Olfactory cues, Olfactory sensitivity, Original group, Other fish families, Other guppies, Other hand, Oviposition, Oviposition choices, Oviposition decisions, Oxygen levels, Pakefield road, Paper abstracts, Parablennius tentacularis, Paralichthys olivaceus, Parasite, Parasitic, Park place, Parr, Physiological condition, Piscivorous barbus, Plaice, Poecilia reticulata, Pool habitat, Population biology, Population densities, Population differences, Population dynamics, Population structure, Predation, Predator, Predator attack, Predator inspection, Predator inspection behaviour, Present data, Present study, Prey, Prey selection, Prey size, Putative prey, Queen mary, Recent work, Reproductive, Reproductive behaviour, Reproductive success, Resource competition, Results show, Rhodeus sericeus, River discharge, Salmo salar, Salmo trutta, Salmon, Salmon parr, Salmonid, Same time, Secondary males, Several species, Sexual selection, Shallow waters, Shoal, Shoaling, Shoaling behaviour, Shoaling tendency, Significant differences, Single males, Small groups, Sneaker males, Social behaviour, Social interactions, Social networks, Southern population, Species ranges, Sperm, Sperm cloud, Sperm competition, Sperm competition dynamics, Sperm expenditure, Sponge substrata, Stickleback, Stickleback gasterosteus aculeatus, Stream transport, Substrate embeddedness, Succursale centre ville, Testis, Tidal, Tidal streams, Trait, Transport mechanism, Trout, Turbot, Unfamiliar fish, Unfamiliar groups, Unknown individuals, Vertebrate, Vertebrate models, Vertebrate zoology, Visual cues, Visual isolation, Wageningen institute, Wales aberystwyth, Water flow rate, Water temperature, Water velocity, Wavelength spectrum, West mains road, Western australia, Wide range, Wild populations, Yellow stingray, Yellowfin shiner, Yugoslav part, Zoology, Zooplankton, Zooplankton density.
Abstract
Teleost fish are commonly used as model species in laboratory studies of behaviour and ecology. In comparison to other groups of vertebrates used routinely in such studies, however, relatively little attention has been paid to their environmental requirements from a welfare perspective. Fish naturally inhabit a wide variety of aquatic habitats that differ enormously in the range of light environments they provide, and light regime has enormous potential to affect behaviour. Yet the level and quality of illumination (in terms of intensity and wavelength spectrum) provided in experimental studies of fish behaviour is generally designed to maximize ease of recording by the observer. In addition, display or home aquaria provide illumination that maximizes the ‘viewing pleasure’ of the observer, and specialist lighting tubes are available to stimulate rapid plant growth and to ‘show off’ the colours of fish, rather than to provide ‘natural’ light environments. Here we present the results of three studies designed to examine the effects of light intensity, wavelength spectrum and their interactions on the behaviour of a model species commonly used in behavioural studies, the three‐spined stickleback Gasterosteus aculeatus. Our aims are to determine whether unnatural light environments, generated by manipulating light intensity and wavelength spectrum, affect behaviour in ways that may lead to concern for the welfare of fish as research animals or pets.
Url:
DOI: 10.1111/j.1095-8649.2003.216ar.x
Affiliations:
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<term>1fisheries research services</term>
<term>2fisheries research services</term>
<term>Aberrant stickleback</term>
<term>Acipenser ruthenus</term>
<term>Aculeatus</term>
<term>African catfish</term>
<term>Aggressive behaviour</term>
<term>Aggressive mimicry</term>
<term>Alternative mating tactics</term>
<term>Anglia</term>
<term>Animal ecology</term>
<term>Animal sciences</term>
<term>Aquaculture</term>
<term>Aquaculture science</term>
<term>Ashworth laboratory</term>
<term>Atlantic salmon</term>
<term>Atlantic salmon parr</term>
<term>Barbu</term>
<term>Bartram hall</term>
<term>Beaugregory damselfish</term>
<term>Behaviour</term>
<term>Behavioural</term>
<term>Behavioural interaction</term>
<term>Behavioural interactions</term>
<term>Behavioural studies</term>
<term>Better understanding</term>
<term>Biological sciences</term>
<term>Biology</term>
<term>Bitterling</term>
<term>Bitterling population dynamics</term>
<term>Body mass</term>
<term>Body size</term>
<term>British isles</term>
<term>British isles paper abstracts</term>
<term>Brood pouch</term>
<term>Brook</term>
<term>Brook trout</term>
<term>Brook water velocity</term>
<term>Brown trout</term>
<term>Buffer effect</term>
<term>Cannibalism</term>
<term>Cardiff</term>
<term>Cardiff university</term>
<term>Caribbean cleaning gobies</term>
<term>Centre</term>
<term>Cerebellar function</term>
<term>Chaos theory</term>
<term>Charlottelund castle</term>
<term>Chemical communication</term>
<term>Chemical cues</term>
<term>Cleaner wrasses</term>
<term>Cleanerfish mimics</term>
<term>Cleaning gobies</term>
<term>Cleaning interactions</term>
<term>Cleaning stations</term>
<term>Cleaning symbioses</term>
<term>Cognitive ability</term>
<term>Common garden</term>
<term>Conspecific</term>
<term>Coral</term>
<term>Coral colony</term>
<term>Coral reef fishes</term>
<term>Countergradient variation</term>
<term>Crenicichla alta</term>
<term>Cue</term>
<term>Cyprinid fishes</term>
<term>Czech republic</term>
<term>Dalhousie university</term>
<term>Damselfish</term>
<term>Danio rerio</term>
<term>Danish institute</term>
<term>Danube river</term>
<term>Deep water</term>
<term>Different light intensities</term>
<term>Different populations</term>
<term>Different size</term>
<term>Dispersal</term>
<term>Dominance hierarchies</term>
<term>Dominance rank</term>
<term>Dominant fish</term>
<term>Dynamics</term>
<term>Early life history characteristics</term>
<term>East anglia</term>
<term>Ecology</term>
<term>Ectoparasite</term>
<term>Ectoparasite availability</term>
<term>Ectoparasite loads</term>
<term>Edinburgh</term>
<term>Edward llwyd building</term>
<term>Elacatinus evelynae</term>
<term>Electronic data storage tags</term>
<term>Energetic costs</term>
<term>Energy expenditure</term>
<term>Environmental</term>
<term>Environmental conditions</term>
<term>Environmental extremes</term>
<term>European bitterling</term>
<term>Excysted metacercariae</term>
<term>Experimental control</term>
<term>Experimental zoology group</term>
<term>Familiar fish</term>
<term>Familiarity preferences</term>
<term>Feed intake</term>
<term>Female bitterling</term>
<term>Female quality</term>
<term>Fertilization</term>
<term>Field data</term>
<term>Filial cannibalism</term>
<term>First evidence</term>
<term>Fish</term>
<term>Fish behaviour</term>
<term>Fish biology</term>
<term>Fish cognition</term>
<term>Fish movements</term>
<term>Fish species</term>
<term>Fish stocks</term>
<term>Fish welfare</term>
<term>Fisheries research</term>
<term>Fisheries society</term>
<term>Fishery</term>
<term>Flow regions</term>
<term>Focal fish</term>
<term>Food availability</term>
<term>Food resources</term>
<term>Foraging</term>
<term>Foraging behaviour</term>
<term>Freshwater</term>
<term>Freshwater laboratory</term>
<term>Freshwater mussels</term>
<term>Functional response</term>
<term>Future studies</term>
<term>Gadus morhua</term>
<term>Gasterosteus</term>
<term>Gasterosteus aculeatus</term>
<term>Genetic basis</term>
<term>Genetic differences</term>
<term>Gill chamber</term>
<term>Girardinichthys multiradiatus</term>
<term>Goby</term>
<term>Greater numbers</term>
<term>Growth rate</term>
<term>Guppy</term>
<term>Habitat</term>
<term>Habitat choice</term>
<term>Habitat preference</term>
<term>Hatchery</term>
<term>Hatchery fish</term>
<term>Helsinki</term>
<term>Homing behaviour</term>
<term>Honest signal</term>
<term>Host behaviour change</term>
<term>Important fish species</term>
<term>Individual differences</term>
<term>Individual fish</term>
<term>Internal fertilization</term>
<term>Intraspecific variability</term>
<term>Isle</term>
<term>Juvenile atlantic salmon</term>
<term>Juvenile sticklebacks</term>
<term>Karlskrona archipelago</term>
<term>Knipowitschia panizzae</term>
<term>Kyoto japan</term>
<term>Kyoto university</term>
<term>Laboratory experiments</term>
<term>Laboratory studies</term>
<term>Lake tana</term>
<term>Large males</term>
<term>Larger males</term>
<term>Larval dispersal</term>
<term>Late afternoon</term>
<term>Leeds</term>
<term>Life cycle</term>
<term>Light environments</term>
<term>Light intensities</term>
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<term>Louis compton miall building</term>
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<term>Lowestoft laboratory</term>
<term>Main building</term>
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<term>Male competition</term>
<term>Male mating success</term>
<term>Male sticklebacks</term>
<term>Marine biology</term>
<term>Marine ecology</term>
<term>Marine science</term>
<term>Marine species</term>
<term>Mating success</term>
<term>Mating system</term>
<term>Mating systems</term>
<term>Migratory behaviour</term>
<term>Model species</term>
<term>Model system</term>
<term>Mosquito fish</term>
<term>Mussel</term>
<term>Natural populations</term>
<term>Natural resources</term>
<term>Neighbour</term>
<term>Nemachilus angorae</term>
<term>Nest opening</term>
<term>Network theory</term>
<term>Nocturnal foraging excursions</term>
<term>Normal distribution model</term>
<term>Normal stickleback males</term>
<term>Norwich</term>
<term>Nova scotia</term>
<term>Olfactory</term>
<term>Olfactory cues</term>
<term>Olfactory sensitivity</term>
<term>Original group</term>
<term>Other fish families</term>
<term>Other guppies</term>
<term>Other hand</term>
<term>Oviposition</term>
<term>Oviposition choices</term>
<term>Oviposition decisions</term>
<term>Oxygen levels</term>
<term>Pakefield road</term>
<term>Paper abstracts</term>
<term>Parablennius tentacularis</term>
<term>Paralichthys olivaceus</term>
<term>Parasite</term>
<term>Parasitic</term>
<term>Park place</term>
<term>Parr</term>
<term>Physiological condition</term>
<term>Piscivorous barbus</term>
<term>Plaice</term>
<term>Poecilia reticulata</term>
<term>Pool habitat</term>
<term>Population biology</term>
<term>Population densities</term>
<term>Population differences</term>
<term>Population dynamics</term>
<term>Population structure</term>
<term>Predation</term>
<term>Predator</term>
<term>Predator attack</term>
<term>Predator inspection</term>
<term>Predator inspection behaviour</term>
<term>Present data</term>
<term>Present study</term>
<term>Prey</term>
<term>Prey selection</term>
<term>Prey size</term>
<term>Putative prey</term>
<term>Queen mary</term>
<term>Recent work</term>
<term>Reproductive</term>
<term>Reproductive behaviour</term>
<term>Reproductive success</term>
<term>Resource competition</term>
<term>Results show</term>
<term>Rhodeus sericeus</term>
<term>River discharge</term>
<term>Salmo salar</term>
<term>Salmo trutta</term>
<term>Salmon</term>
<term>Salmon parr</term>
<term>Salmonid</term>
<term>Same time</term>
<term>Secondary males</term>
<term>Several species</term>
<term>Sexual selection</term>
<term>Shallow waters</term>
<term>Shoal</term>
<term>Shoaling</term>
<term>Shoaling behaviour</term>
<term>Shoaling tendency</term>
<term>Significant differences</term>
<term>Single males</term>
<term>Small groups</term>
<term>Sneaker males</term>
<term>Social behaviour</term>
<term>Social interactions</term>
<term>Social networks</term>
<term>Southern population</term>
<term>Species ranges</term>
<term>Sperm</term>
<term>Sperm cloud</term>
<term>Sperm competition</term>
<term>Sperm competition dynamics</term>
<term>Sperm expenditure</term>
<term>Sponge substrata</term>
<term>Stickleback</term>
<term>Stickleback gasterosteus aculeatus</term>
<term>Stream transport</term>
<term>Substrate embeddedness</term>
<term>Succursale centre ville</term>
<term>Testis</term>
<term>Tidal</term>
<term>Tidal streams</term>
<term>Trait</term>
<term>Transport mechanism</term>
<term>Trout</term>
<term>Turbot</term>
<term>Unfamiliar fish</term>
<term>Unfamiliar groups</term>
<term>Unknown individuals</term>
<term>Vertebrate</term>
<term>Vertebrate models</term>
<term>Vertebrate zoology</term>
<term>Visual cues</term>
<term>Visual isolation</term>
<term>Wageningen institute</term>
<term>Wales aberystwyth</term>
<term>Water flow rate</term>
<term>Water temperature</term>
<term>Water velocity</term>
<term>Wavelength spectrum</term>
<term>West mains road</term>
<term>Western australia</term>
<term>Wide range</term>
<term>Wild populations</term>
<term>Yellow stingray</term>
<term>Yellowfin shiner</term>
<term>Yugoslav part</term>
<term>Zoology</term>
<term>Zooplankton</term>
<term>Zooplankton density</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="Teeft" xml:lang="en"><term>1cardiff school</term>
<term>1department</term>
<term>1fisheries research services</term>
<term>2fisheries research services</term>
<term>Aberrant stickleback</term>
<term>Acipenser ruthenus</term>
<term>Aculeatus</term>
<term>African catfish</term>
<term>Aggressive behaviour</term>
<term>Aggressive mimicry</term>
<term>Alternative mating tactics</term>
<term>Anglia</term>
<term>Animal ecology</term>
<term>Animal sciences</term>
<term>Aquaculture</term>
<term>Aquaculture science</term>
<term>Ashworth laboratory</term>
<term>Atlantic salmon</term>
<term>Atlantic salmon parr</term>
<term>Barbu</term>
<term>Bartram hall</term>
<term>Beaugregory damselfish</term>
<term>Behaviour</term>
<term>Behavioural</term>
<term>Behavioural interaction</term>
<term>Behavioural interactions</term>
<term>Behavioural studies</term>
<term>Better understanding</term>
<term>Biological sciences</term>
<term>Biology</term>
<term>Bitterling</term>
<term>Bitterling population dynamics</term>
<term>Body mass</term>
<term>Body size</term>
<term>British isles</term>
<term>British isles paper abstracts</term>
<term>Brood pouch</term>
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<term>Brook trout</term>
<term>Brook water velocity</term>
<term>Brown trout</term>
<term>Buffer effect</term>
<term>Cannibalism</term>
<term>Cardiff</term>
<term>Cardiff university</term>
<term>Caribbean cleaning gobies</term>
<term>Centre</term>
<term>Cerebellar function</term>
<term>Chaos theory</term>
<term>Charlottelund castle</term>
<term>Chemical communication</term>
<term>Chemical cues</term>
<term>Cleaner wrasses</term>
<term>Cleanerfish mimics</term>
<term>Cleaning gobies</term>
<term>Cleaning interactions</term>
<term>Cleaning stations</term>
<term>Cleaning symbioses</term>
<term>Cognitive ability</term>
<term>Common garden</term>
<term>Conspecific</term>
<term>Coral</term>
<term>Coral colony</term>
<term>Coral reef fishes</term>
<term>Countergradient variation</term>
<term>Crenicichla alta</term>
<term>Cue</term>
<term>Cyprinid fishes</term>
<term>Czech republic</term>
<term>Dalhousie university</term>
<term>Damselfish</term>
<term>Danio rerio</term>
<term>Danish institute</term>
<term>Danube river</term>
<term>Deep water</term>
<term>Different light intensities</term>
<term>Different populations</term>
<term>Different size</term>
<term>Dispersal</term>
<term>Dominance hierarchies</term>
<term>Dominance rank</term>
<term>Dominant fish</term>
<term>Dynamics</term>
<term>Early life history characteristics</term>
<term>East anglia</term>
<term>Ecology</term>
<term>Ectoparasite</term>
<term>Ectoparasite availability</term>
<term>Ectoparasite loads</term>
<term>Edinburgh</term>
<term>Edward llwyd building</term>
<term>Elacatinus evelynae</term>
<term>Electronic data storage tags</term>
<term>Energetic costs</term>
<term>Energy expenditure</term>
<term>Environmental</term>
<term>Environmental conditions</term>
<term>Environmental extremes</term>
<term>European bitterling</term>
<term>Excysted metacercariae</term>
<term>Experimental control</term>
<term>Experimental zoology group</term>
<term>Familiar fish</term>
<term>Familiarity preferences</term>
<term>Feed intake</term>
<term>Female bitterling</term>
<term>Female quality</term>
<term>Fertilization</term>
<term>Field data</term>
<term>Filial cannibalism</term>
<term>First evidence</term>
<term>Fish</term>
<term>Fish behaviour</term>
<term>Fish biology</term>
<term>Fish cognition</term>
<term>Fish movements</term>
<term>Fish species</term>
<term>Fish stocks</term>
<term>Fish welfare</term>
<term>Fisheries research</term>
<term>Fisheries society</term>
<term>Fishery</term>
<term>Flow regions</term>
<term>Focal fish</term>
<term>Food availability</term>
<term>Food resources</term>
<term>Foraging</term>
<term>Foraging behaviour</term>
<term>Freshwater</term>
<term>Freshwater laboratory</term>
<term>Freshwater mussels</term>
<term>Functional response</term>
<term>Future studies</term>
<term>Gadus morhua</term>
<term>Gasterosteus</term>
<term>Gasterosteus aculeatus</term>
<term>Genetic basis</term>
<term>Genetic differences</term>
<term>Gill chamber</term>
<term>Girardinichthys multiradiatus</term>
<term>Goby</term>
<term>Greater numbers</term>
<term>Growth rate</term>
<term>Guppy</term>
<term>Habitat</term>
<term>Habitat choice</term>
<term>Habitat preference</term>
<term>Hatchery</term>
<term>Hatchery fish</term>
<term>Helsinki</term>
<term>Homing behaviour</term>
<term>Honest signal</term>
<term>Host behaviour change</term>
<term>Important fish species</term>
<term>Individual differences</term>
<term>Individual fish</term>
<term>Internal fertilization</term>
<term>Intraspecific variability</term>
<term>Isle</term>
<term>Juvenile atlantic salmon</term>
<term>Juvenile sticklebacks</term>
<term>Karlskrona archipelago</term>
<term>Knipowitschia panizzae</term>
<term>Kyoto japan</term>
<term>Kyoto university</term>
<term>Laboratory experiments</term>
<term>Laboratory studies</term>
<term>Lake tana</term>
<term>Large males</term>
<term>Larger males</term>
<term>Larval dispersal</term>
<term>Late afternoon</term>
<term>Leeds</term>
<term>Life cycle</term>
<term>Light environments</term>
<term>Light intensities</term>
<term>Light intensity</term>
<term>Littoral zone</term>
<term>Louis compton miall building</term>
<term>Lowestoft</term>
<term>Lowestoft laboratory</term>
<term>Main building</term>
<term>Male</term>
<term>Male competition</term>
<term>Male mating success</term>
<term>Male sticklebacks</term>
<term>Marine biology</term>
<term>Marine ecology</term>
<term>Marine science</term>
<term>Marine species</term>
<term>Mating success</term>
<term>Mating system</term>
<term>Mating systems</term>
<term>Migratory behaviour</term>
<term>Model species</term>
<term>Model system</term>
<term>Mosquito fish</term>
<term>Mussel</term>
<term>Natural populations</term>
<term>Natural resources</term>
<term>Neighbour</term>
<term>Nemachilus angorae</term>
<term>Nest opening</term>
<term>Network theory</term>
<term>Nocturnal foraging excursions</term>
<term>Normal distribution model</term>
<term>Normal stickleback males</term>
<term>Norwich</term>
<term>Nova scotia</term>
<term>Olfactory</term>
<term>Olfactory cues</term>
<term>Olfactory sensitivity</term>
<term>Original group</term>
<term>Other fish families</term>
<term>Other guppies</term>
<term>Other hand</term>
<term>Oviposition</term>
<term>Oviposition choices</term>
<term>Oviposition decisions</term>
<term>Oxygen levels</term>
<term>Pakefield road</term>
<term>Paper abstracts</term>
<term>Parablennius tentacularis</term>
<term>Paralichthys olivaceus</term>
<term>Parasite</term>
<term>Parasitic</term>
<term>Park place</term>
<term>Parr</term>
<term>Physiological condition</term>
<term>Piscivorous barbus</term>
<term>Plaice</term>
<term>Poecilia reticulata</term>
<term>Pool habitat</term>
<term>Population biology</term>
<term>Population densities</term>
<term>Population differences</term>
<term>Population dynamics</term>
<term>Population structure</term>
<term>Predation</term>
<term>Predator</term>
<term>Predator attack</term>
<term>Predator inspection</term>
<term>Predator inspection behaviour</term>
<term>Present data</term>
<term>Present study</term>
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<term>Prey selection</term>
<term>Prey size</term>
<term>Putative prey</term>
<term>Queen mary</term>
<term>Recent work</term>
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<term>Reproductive behaviour</term>
<term>Reproductive success</term>
<term>Resource competition</term>
<term>Results show</term>
<term>Rhodeus sericeus</term>
<term>River discharge</term>
<term>Salmo salar</term>
<term>Salmo trutta</term>
<term>Salmon</term>
<term>Salmon parr</term>
<term>Salmonid</term>
<term>Same time</term>
<term>Secondary males</term>
<term>Several species</term>
<term>Sexual selection</term>
<term>Shallow waters</term>
<term>Shoal</term>
<term>Shoaling</term>
<term>Shoaling behaviour</term>
<term>Shoaling tendency</term>
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<term>Single males</term>
<term>Small groups</term>
<term>Sneaker males</term>
<term>Social behaviour</term>
<term>Social interactions</term>
<term>Social networks</term>
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<term>Species ranges</term>
<term>Sperm</term>
<term>Sperm cloud</term>
<term>Sperm competition</term>
<term>Sperm competition dynamics</term>
<term>Sperm expenditure</term>
<term>Sponge substrata</term>
<term>Stickleback</term>
<term>Stickleback gasterosteus aculeatus</term>
<term>Stream transport</term>
<term>Substrate embeddedness</term>
<term>Succursale centre ville</term>
<term>Testis</term>
<term>Tidal</term>
<term>Tidal streams</term>
<term>Trait</term>
<term>Transport mechanism</term>
<term>Trout</term>
<term>Turbot</term>
<term>Unfamiliar fish</term>
<term>Unfamiliar groups</term>
<term>Unknown individuals</term>
<term>Vertebrate</term>
<term>Vertebrate models</term>
<term>Vertebrate zoology</term>
<term>Visual cues</term>
<term>Visual isolation</term>
<term>Wageningen institute</term>
<term>Wales aberystwyth</term>
<term>Water flow rate</term>
<term>Water temperature</term>
<term>Water velocity</term>
<term>Wavelength spectrum</term>
<term>West mains road</term>
<term>Western australia</term>
<term>Wide range</term>
<term>Wild populations</term>
<term>Yellow stingray</term>
<term>Yellowfin shiner</term>
<term>Yugoslav part</term>
<term>Zoology</term>
<term>Zooplankton</term>
<term>Zooplankton density</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="Wicri" type="topic" xml:lang="fr"><term>Aquiculture</term>
<term>Biologie</term>
<term>écologie</term>
<term>Poisson</term>
<term>Ressource alimentaire</term>
<term>Eau douce</term>
<term>Habitat</term>
<term>Ressource naturelle</term>
<term>Dynamique de la population</term>
<term>Comportement social</term>
<term>Zoologie</term>
</keywords>
</textClass>
</profileDesc>
</teiHeader>
<front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">Teleost fish are commonly used as model species in laboratory studies of behaviour and ecology. In comparison to other groups of vertebrates used routinely in such studies, however, relatively little attention has been paid to their environmental requirements from a welfare perspective. Fish naturally inhabit a wide variety of aquatic habitats that differ enormously in the range of light environments they provide, and light regime has enormous potential to affect behaviour. Yet the level and quality of illumination (in terms of intensity and wavelength spectrum) provided in experimental studies of fish behaviour is generally designed to maximize ease of recording by the observer. In addition, display or home aquaria provide illumination that maximizes the ‘viewing pleasure’ of the observer, and specialist lighting tubes are available to stimulate rapid plant growth and to ‘show off’ the colours of fish, rather than to provide ‘natural’ light environments. Here we present the results of three studies designed to examine the effects of light intensity, wavelength spectrum and their interactions on the behaviour of a model species commonly used in behavioural studies, the three‐spined stickleback Gasterosteus aculeatus. Our aims are to determine whether unnatural light environments, generated by manipulating light intensity and wavelength spectrum, affect behaviour in ways that may lead to concern for the welfare of fish as research animals or pets.</div>
</front>
</TEI>
<affiliations><list><country><li>Royaume-Uni</li>
</country>
</list>
<tree><country name="Royaume-Uni"><noRegion><name sortKey="Barber, I" sort="Barber, I" uniqKey="Barber I" first="I." last="Barber">I. Barber</name>
</noRegion>
<name sortKey="Matthews, E" sort="Matthews, E" uniqKey="Matthews E" first="E." last="Matthews">E. Matthews</name>
<name sortKey="Morrison Mith, E" sort="Morrison Mith, E" uniqKey="Morrison Mith E" first="E." last="Morrison-Smith">E. Morrison-Smith</name>
<name sortKey="Young, J" sort="Young, J" uniqKey="Young J" first="J." last="Young">J. Young</name>
</country>
</tree>
</affiliations>
</record>
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