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The creation of new words

Identifieur interne : 004F90 ( Main/Exploration ); précédent : 004F89; suivant : 004F91

The creation of new words

Auteurs : John Haiman [États-Unis]

Source :

RBID : ISTEX:246B452ED48822D5464BB1D067496A047AEE3573

Descripteurs français

English descriptors

Abstract

Exaptation (Lass, Journal of Linguistics 26: 79–102, 1990) is the recycling of meaningless linguistic “junk”, which may be recycled to create entirely new words. Two cases are examined here: There are two auxiliary verbs do in modern English. The first (Chomskyan do) has the distribution that is famously outlined in Syntactic structures. The second, a homophonous auxiliary, occurs in (negative) imperatives, and was completely indistinguishable from the other periphrastic auxiliary in Elizabethan English. It is subject to very different constraints. The result is that English now has a prohibitive, as well as a declarative negative. Khmer has an enormous number of alliterating near-synonyms which differ only in one or two segments (the coda, or the entire rhyme) of the stressed final syllable. It is possible that many of these arose as (nearly?) meaningless “servant words” that accompanied an original root in symmetrical compounds. Examples of this sort may call into question two dogmas of functional linguistics: that grammaticalization is irreversible, and the widely shared view that erosion is the only productive process of linguistic change.

Url:
DOI: 10.1515/ling.2010.017


Affiliations:


Links toward previous steps (curation, corpus...)


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<term>Base word</term>
<term>Berg</term>
<term>Bernard comrie</term>
<term>Blue suede shoes</term>
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<term>Cambridge university press</term>
<term>Century english</term>
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<term>Chomskyan</term>
<term>Clause structure</term>
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<term>Idiomatic expression</term>
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<term>Iroquoian linguistics</term>
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<term>John noeurng ourn</term>
<term>Keat</term>
<term>Khmer</term>
<term>Khmer examples</term>
<term>Language change</term>
<term>Language variation</term>
<term>Larry horn</term>
<term>Lass</term>
<term>Linguistic structures</term>
<term>Linguistics</term>
<term>Macalester college</term>
<term>Many languages</term>
<term>Many servant words</term>
<term>Matthew dryer</term>
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<term>Morpheme</term>
<term>Native speakers</term>
<term>Negation</term>
<term>Negative imperatives</term>
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<term>Noeurng john haiman</term>
<term>Noeurng ourn</term>
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<term>Oxford university press</term>
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<term>Prohibitive negation</term>
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<term>Timothy shopen</term>
<term>Typological studies</term>
<term>Unpublished manuscript</term>
<term>Veasna keat</term>
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<div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">Exaptation (Lass, Journal of Linguistics 26: 79–102, 1990) is the recycling of meaningless linguistic “junk”, which may be recycled to create entirely new words. Two cases are examined here: There are two auxiliary verbs do in modern English. The first (Chomskyan do) has the distribution that is famously outlined in Syntactic structures. The second, a homophonous auxiliary, occurs in (negative) imperatives, and was completely indistinguishable from the other periphrastic auxiliary in Elizabethan English. It is subject to very different constraints. The result is that English now has a prohibitive, as well as a declarative negative. Khmer has an enormous number of alliterating near-synonyms which differ only in one or two segments (the coda, or the entire rhyme) of the stressed final syllable. It is possible that many of these arose as (nearly?) meaningless “servant words” that accompanied an original root in symmetrical compounds. Examples of this sort may call into question two dogmas of functional linguistics: that grammaticalization is irreversible, and the widely shared view that erosion is the only productive process of linguistic change.</div>
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