The first complete description of the holotype of Brachylophosaurus canadensis Sternberg, 1953 (Dinosauria: Hadrosauridae) with comments on intraspecific variation
Identifieur interne : 001137 ( Istex/Curation ); précédent : 001136; suivant : 001138The first complete description of the holotype of Brachylophosaurus canadensis Sternberg, 1953 (Dinosauria: Hadrosauridae) with comments on intraspecific variation
Auteurs : Robin S. Cuthbertson [Canada] ; Robert B. Holmes [Canada]Source :
- Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society [ 0024-4082 ] ; 2010-06.
English descriptors
- KwdEn :
- Abbreviation, Accessory, Accessory premaxillary foramen, Alar, Alar process, Alberta, Ange, Anterior, Anterior border, Anterior face, Anterior limit, Anterior margin, Anterior maxillary process, Anterior process, Anterior surface, Anterior view, Anteriorly, Anterolateral, Anterolateral jugal process, Anterolateral surface, Anteroposteriorly, Approximate midlength, Armature, Articular, Articulation, Basisphenoid, Brachylophosaurus, Brachylophosaurus canadensis, California press, Canadensis, Canadensis exhibits, Capitulum, Caudal, Central portion, Centrum, Cervical, Cervical vertebra, Cervical vertebrae, Cervicals, Character state, Circumnarial, Circumnarial fossa, Condyle, Constituent bones, Coracoid, Coronoid, Coronoid process, Crest morphology, Cuthbertson, Deltoid, Deltoid ridge, Dental battery, Dental lamina, Dentary, Dentary tooth, Dentary tooth positions, Diapophysis, Dinosaur, Dinosauria, Distally, Dorsal, Dorsal edge, Dorsal margin, Dorsal ribs, Dorsal surface, Dorsal vertebrae, Dorsally, Dorsolateral, Dorsolateral surface, Dorsoventrally, Ectopterygoid, Embayment, External naris, Facet, Fenestra, Foramen, Fossa, Frontal, Functional teeth, Functional tooth, Glenoid, Goodwini, Hadrosaur, Hadrosauridae, Holmes figure, Holotype, Holotype specimen, Horner, Humerus, Incomplete count, Intercentrum, Intermediate crest morphology, Intermediate morphology, Interorbital width, Jugal, Lacrimal, Lateral, Lateral surface, Laterally, Linnean, Linnean society, Lull wright, Mandibular, Mandibular condyle, Mandibular glenoid, Maxilla, Maxillary, Maxillary process, Maxillary tooth, Maxillary tooth rows, Medial, Medial surface, Medial surfaces, Medially, Mediolaterally, Montana material, More posteriorly, Morphological discrepancies, Morphology, Naris, Nasal, Nasal crest, Neural, Neural arch, Neural canal, Neural spine, Occlusal, Occlusal surface, Oldman formation, Oral margin, Other hadrosaurs, Ottawa field naturalist, Palatine, Paraquadratic, Paraquadratic foramen, Paraquadratic notch, Parietal, Parietal crest, Parsimonious trees, Phylogenetic, Phylogenetic analysis, Poor preservation, Posterior, Posterior extension, Posterior extent, Posterior margin, Posteriorly, Posterodorsal, Posterodorsally, Posterolateral, Posterolateral premaxillary process, Posteromedial, Posteroventral, Posteroventral projection, Postorbital, Postzygapophyseal, Prefrontal, Premaxilla, Premaxillary, Pterygoid, Quadrate, Quadrate embayment, Quadratojugal, Regalis, Rib, Right side, Robust, Robust form, Rostral, Rostral jugal, Rugose, Scapula, Skull, Solid crest, Splenial, Squamosal, Steel armature, Sternberg, Strict consensus, Supratemporal, Supratemporal fenestra, Surangular, Suture, Taxon, Tooth positions, Tooth rows, Ulna, Unambiguous synapomorphies, Upper cretaceous, Ventral, Ventral surface, Ventrally, Ventrolateral surface, Vertebra, Vertebrate paleontology, Vertical maxillary tooth, Vertical rows, Vertical tooth, Vertical tooth rows, Vomer, Weishampel, Zoological, Zoological journal.
- Teeft :
- Abbreviation, Accessory, Accessory premaxillary foramen, Alar, Alar process, Alberta, Ange, Anterior, Anterior border, Anterior face, Anterior limit, Anterior margin, Anterior maxillary process, Anterior process, Anterior surface, Anterior view, Anteriorly, Anterolateral, Anterolateral jugal process, Anterolateral surface, Anteroposteriorly, Approximate midlength, Armature, Articular, Articulation, Basisphenoid, Brachylophosaurus, Brachylophosaurus canadensis, California press, Canadensis, Canadensis exhibits, Capitulum, Caudal, Central portion, Centrum, Cervical, Cervical vertebra, Cervical vertebrae, Cervicals, Character state, Circumnarial, Circumnarial fossa, Condyle, Constituent bones, Coracoid, Coronoid, Coronoid process, Crest morphology, Cuthbertson, Deltoid, Deltoid ridge, Dental battery, Dental lamina, Dentary, Dentary tooth, Dentary tooth positions, Diapophysis, Dinosaur, Dinosauria, Distally, Dorsal, Dorsal edge, Dorsal margin, Dorsal ribs, Dorsal surface, Dorsal vertebrae, Dorsally, Dorsolateral, Dorsolateral surface, Dorsoventrally, Ectopterygoid, Embayment, External naris, Facet, Fenestra, Foramen, Fossa, Frontal, Functional teeth, Functional tooth, Glenoid, Goodwini, Hadrosaur, Hadrosauridae, Holmes figure, Holotype, Holotype specimen, Horner, Humerus, Incomplete count, Intercentrum, Intermediate crest morphology, Intermediate morphology, Interorbital width, Jugal, Lacrimal, Lateral, Lateral surface, Laterally, Linnean, Linnean society, Lull wright, Mandibular, Mandibular condyle, Mandibular glenoid, Maxilla, Maxillary, Maxillary process, Maxillary tooth, Maxillary tooth rows, Medial, Medial surface, Medial surfaces, Medially, Mediolaterally, Montana material, More posteriorly, Morphological discrepancies, Morphology, Naris, Nasal, Nasal crest, Neural, Neural arch, Neural canal, Neural spine, Occlusal, Occlusal surface, Oldman formation, Oral margin, Other hadrosaurs, Ottawa field naturalist, Palatine, Paraquadratic, Paraquadratic foramen, Paraquadratic notch, Parietal, Parietal crest, Parsimonious trees, Phylogenetic, Phylogenetic analysis, Poor preservation, Posterior, Posterior extension, Posterior extent, Posterior margin, Posteriorly, Posterodorsal, Posterodorsally, Posterolateral, Posterolateral premaxillary process, Posteromedial, Posteroventral, Posteroventral projection, Postorbital, Postzygapophyseal, Prefrontal, Premaxilla, Premaxillary, Pterygoid, Quadrate, Quadrate embayment, Quadratojugal, Regalis, Rib, Right side, Robust, Robust form, Rostral, Rostral jugal, Rugose, Scapula, Skull, Solid crest, Splenial, Squamosal, Steel armature, Sternberg, Strict consensus, Supratemporal, Supratemporal fenestra, Surangular, Suture, Taxon, Tooth positions, Tooth rows, Ulna, Unambiguous synapomorphies, Upper cretaceous, Ventral, Ventral surface, Ventrally, Ventrolateral surface, Vertebra, Vertebrate paleontology, Vertical maxillary tooth, Vertical rows, Vertical tooth, Vertical tooth rows, Vomer, Weishampel, Zoological, Zoological journal.
Abstract
The holotype of Brachylophosaurus canadensis was collected by C.M. Sternberg in 1936 from the Oldman Formation (Upper Cretaceous) of Alberta, Canada, with a brief description focusing on the cranium following in 1953. A re‐description of the holotype skeleton confirms its position as a hadrosaurine dinosaur exhibiting the following unique combination of characters: paddle‐like solid nasal crest; posteriorly elongated prefrontal; only the anterior tip of the lacrimal contacting maxilla; extremely elongated anterior maxillary process; and a quadratojugal with a noncrescentic posterior margin variably forming a paraquadratic foramen with the quadrate. Comparison of the holotype with other specimens assigned to the taxon reveals numerous morphological differences. These variable features include the presence/absence of an accessory premaxillary foramen, the number of maxillary/dentary vertical tooth rows, the number of functional teeth per tooth row contributing to the dental occlusal surface, the bones forming the mandibular glenoid, the presence/absence of a nasal foramen, nasal crest morphology, the number of cervical vertebrae, and axis morphology.
Url:
DOI: 10.1111/j.1096-3642.2009.00612.x
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<affiliation wicri:level="1"><mods:affiliation>Department of Earth Sciences, Carleton University, 2125 Herzberg Building, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1S 5B6</mods:affiliation>
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<affiliation wicri:level="1"><mods:affiliation>E-mail: rscuthbe@ucalgary.ca</mods:affiliation>
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<author><name sortKey="Holmes, Robert B" sort="Holmes, Robert B" uniqKey="Holmes R" first="Robert B." last="Holmes">Robert B. Holmes</name>
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<sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title level="a" type="main">The first complete description of the holotype of <hi rend="italic">Brachylophosaurus canadensis</hi>
Sternberg, 1953 (Dinosauria: Hadrosauridae) with comments on intraspecific variation</title>
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<profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>Abbreviation</term>
<term>Accessory</term>
<term>Accessory premaxillary foramen</term>
<term>Alar</term>
<term>Alar process</term>
<term>Alberta</term>
<term>Ange</term>
<term>Anterior</term>
<term>Anterior border</term>
<term>Anterior face</term>
<term>Anterior limit</term>
<term>Anterior margin</term>
<term>Anterior maxillary process</term>
<term>Anterior process</term>
<term>Anterior surface</term>
<term>Anterior view</term>
<term>Anteriorly</term>
<term>Anterolateral</term>
<term>Anterolateral jugal process</term>
<term>Anterolateral surface</term>
<term>Anteroposteriorly</term>
<term>Approximate midlength</term>
<term>Armature</term>
<term>Articular</term>
<term>Articulation</term>
<term>Basisphenoid</term>
<term>Brachylophosaurus</term>
<term>Brachylophosaurus canadensis</term>
<term>California press</term>
<term>Canadensis</term>
<term>Canadensis exhibits</term>
<term>Capitulum</term>
<term>Caudal</term>
<term>Central portion</term>
<term>Centrum</term>
<term>Cervical</term>
<term>Cervical vertebra</term>
<term>Cervical vertebrae</term>
<term>Cervicals</term>
<term>Character state</term>
<term>Circumnarial</term>
<term>Circumnarial fossa</term>
<term>Condyle</term>
<term>Constituent bones</term>
<term>Coracoid</term>
<term>Coronoid</term>
<term>Coronoid process</term>
<term>Crest morphology</term>
<term>Cuthbertson</term>
<term>Deltoid</term>
<term>Deltoid ridge</term>
<term>Dental battery</term>
<term>Dental lamina</term>
<term>Dentary</term>
<term>Dentary tooth</term>
<term>Dentary tooth positions</term>
<term>Diapophysis</term>
<term>Dinosaur</term>
<term>Dinosauria</term>
<term>Distally</term>
<term>Dorsal</term>
<term>Dorsal edge</term>
<term>Dorsal margin</term>
<term>Dorsal ribs</term>
<term>Dorsal surface</term>
<term>Dorsal vertebrae</term>
<term>Dorsally</term>
<term>Dorsolateral</term>
<term>Dorsolateral surface</term>
<term>Dorsoventrally</term>
<term>Ectopterygoid</term>
<term>Embayment</term>
<term>External naris</term>
<term>Facet</term>
<term>Fenestra</term>
<term>Foramen</term>
<term>Fossa</term>
<term>Frontal</term>
<term>Functional teeth</term>
<term>Functional tooth</term>
<term>Glenoid</term>
<term>Goodwini</term>
<term>Hadrosaur</term>
<term>Hadrosauridae</term>
<term>Holmes figure</term>
<term>Holotype</term>
<term>Holotype specimen</term>
<term>Horner</term>
<term>Humerus</term>
<term>Incomplete count</term>
<term>Intercentrum</term>
<term>Intermediate crest morphology</term>
<term>Intermediate morphology</term>
<term>Interorbital width</term>
<term>Jugal</term>
<term>Lacrimal</term>
<term>Lateral</term>
<term>Lateral surface</term>
<term>Laterally</term>
<term>Linnean</term>
<term>Linnean society</term>
<term>Lull wright</term>
<term>Mandibular</term>
<term>Mandibular condyle</term>
<term>Mandibular glenoid</term>
<term>Maxilla</term>
<term>Maxillary</term>
<term>Maxillary process</term>
<term>Maxillary tooth</term>
<term>Maxillary tooth rows</term>
<term>Medial</term>
<term>Medial surface</term>
<term>Medial surfaces</term>
<term>Medially</term>
<term>Mediolaterally</term>
<term>Montana material</term>
<term>More posteriorly</term>
<term>Morphological discrepancies</term>
<term>Morphology</term>
<term>Naris</term>
<term>Nasal</term>
<term>Nasal crest</term>
<term>Neural</term>
<term>Neural arch</term>
<term>Neural canal</term>
<term>Neural spine</term>
<term>Occlusal</term>
<term>Occlusal surface</term>
<term>Oldman formation</term>
<term>Oral margin</term>
<term>Other hadrosaurs</term>
<term>Ottawa field naturalist</term>
<term>Palatine</term>
<term>Paraquadratic</term>
<term>Paraquadratic foramen</term>
<term>Paraquadratic notch</term>
<term>Parietal</term>
<term>Parietal crest</term>
<term>Parsimonious trees</term>
<term>Phylogenetic</term>
<term>Phylogenetic analysis</term>
<term>Poor preservation</term>
<term>Posterior</term>
<term>Posterior extension</term>
<term>Posterior extent</term>
<term>Posterior margin</term>
<term>Posteriorly</term>
<term>Posterodorsal</term>
<term>Posterodorsally</term>
<term>Posterolateral</term>
<term>Posterolateral premaxillary process</term>
<term>Posteromedial</term>
<term>Posteroventral</term>
<term>Posteroventral projection</term>
<term>Postorbital</term>
<term>Postzygapophyseal</term>
<term>Prefrontal</term>
<term>Premaxilla</term>
<term>Premaxillary</term>
<term>Pterygoid</term>
<term>Quadrate</term>
<term>Quadrate embayment</term>
<term>Quadratojugal</term>
<term>Regalis</term>
<term>Rib</term>
<term>Right side</term>
<term>Robust</term>
<term>Robust form</term>
<term>Rostral</term>
<term>Rostral jugal</term>
<term>Rugose</term>
<term>Scapula</term>
<term>Skull</term>
<term>Solid crest</term>
<term>Splenial</term>
<term>Squamosal</term>
<term>Steel armature</term>
<term>Sternberg</term>
<term>Strict consensus</term>
<term>Supratemporal</term>
<term>Supratemporal fenestra</term>
<term>Surangular</term>
<term>Suture</term>
<term>Taxon</term>
<term>Tooth positions</term>
<term>Tooth rows</term>
<term>Ulna</term>
<term>Unambiguous synapomorphies</term>
<term>Upper cretaceous</term>
<term>Ventral</term>
<term>Ventral surface</term>
<term>Ventrally</term>
<term>Ventrolateral surface</term>
<term>Vertebra</term>
<term>Vertebrate paleontology</term>
<term>Vertical maxillary tooth</term>
<term>Vertical rows</term>
<term>Vertical tooth</term>
<term>Vertical tooth rows</term>
<term>Vomer</term>
<term>Weishampel</term>
<term>Zoological</term>
<term>Zoological journal</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="Teeft" xml:lang="en"><term>Abbreviation</term>
<term>Accessory</term>
<term>Accessory premaxillary foramen</term>
<term>Alar</term>
<term>Alar process</term>
<term>Alberta</term>
<term>Ange</term>
<term>Anterior</term>
<term>Anterior border</term>
<term>Anterior face</term>
<term>Anterior limit</term>
<term>Anterior margin</term>
<term>Anterior maxillary process</term>
<term>Anterior process</term>
<term>Anterior surface</term>
<term>Anterior view</term>
<term>Anteriorly</term>
<term>Anterolateral</term>
<term>Anterolateral jugal process</term>
<term>Anterolateral surface</term>
<term>Anteroposteriorly</term>
<term>Approximate midlength</term>
<term>Armature</term>
<term>Articular</term>
<term>Articulation</term>
<term>Basisphenoid</term>
<term>Brachylophosaurus</term>
<term>Brachylophosaurus canadensis</term>
<term>California press</term>
<term>Canadensis</term>
<term>Canadensis exhibits</term>
<term>Capitulum</term>
<term>Caudal</term>
<term>Central portion</term>
<term>Centrum</term>
<term>Cervical</term>
<term>Cervical vertebra</term>
<term>Cervical vertebrae</term>
<term>Cervicals</term>
<term>Character state</term>
<term>Circumnarial</term>
<term>Circumnarial fossa</term>
<term>Condyle</term>
<term>Constituent bones</term>
<term>Coracoid</term>
<term>Coronoid</term>
<term>Coronoid process</term>
<term>Crest morphology</term>
<term>Cuthbertson</term>
<term>Deltoid</term>
<term>Deltoid ridge</term>
<term>Dental battery</term>
<term>Dental lamina</term>
<term>Dentary</term>
<term>Dentary tooth</term>
<term>Dentary tooth positions</term>
<term>Diapophysis</term>
<term>Dinosaur</term>
<term>Dinosauria</term>
<term>Distally</term>
<term>Dorsal</term>
<term>Dorsal edge</term>
<term>Dorsal margin</term>
<term>Dorsal ribs</term>
<term>Dorsal surface</term>
<term>Dorsal vertebrae</term>
<term>Dorsally</term>
<term>Dorsolateral</term>
<term>Dorsolateral surface</term>
<term>Dorsoventrally</term>
<term>Ectopterygoid</term>
<term>Embayment</term>
<term>External naris</term>
<term>Facet</term>
<term>Fenestra</term>
<term>Foramen</term>
<term>Fossa</term>
<term>Frontal</term>
<term>Functional teeth</term>
<term>Functional tooth</term>
<term>Glenoid</term>
<term>Goodwini</term>
<term>Hadrosaur</term>
<term>Hadrosauridae</term>
<term>Holmes figure</term>
<term>Holotype</term>
<term>Holotype specimen</term>
<term>Horner</term>
<term>Humerus</term>
<term>Incomplete count</term>
<term>Intercentrum</term>
<term>Intermediate crest morphology</term>
<term>Intermediate morphology</term>
<term>Interorbital width</term>
<term>Jugal</term>
<term>Lacrimal</term>
<term>Lateral</term>
<term>Lateral surface</term>
<term>Laterally</term>
<term>Linnean</term>
<term>Linnean society</term>
<term>Lull wright</term>
<term>Mandibular</term>
<term>Mandibular condyle</term>
<term>Mandibular glenoid</term>
<term>Maxilla</term>
<term>Maxillary</term>
<term>Maxillary process</term>
<term>Maxillary tooth</term>
<term>Maxillary tooth rows</term>
<term>Medial</term>
<term>Medial surface</term>
<term>Medial surfaces</term>
<term>Medially</term>
<term>Mediolaterally</term>
<term>Montana material</term>
<term>More posteriorly</term>
<term>Morphological discrepancies</term>
<term>Morphology</term>
<term>Naris</term>
<term>Nasal</term>
<term>Nasal crest</term>
<term>Neural</term>
<term>Neural arch</term>
<term>Neural canal</term>
<term>Neural spine</term>
<term>Occlusal</term>
<term>Occlusal surface</term>
<term>Oldman formation</term>
<term>Oral margin</term>
<term>Other hadrosaurs</term>
<term>Ottawa field naturalist</term>
<term>Palatine</term>
<term>Paraquadratic</term>
<term>Paraquadratic foramen</term>
<term>Paraquadratic notch</term>
<term>Parietal</term>
<term>Parietal crest</term>
<term>Parsimonious trees</term>
<term>Phylogenetic</term>
<term>Phylogenetic analysis</term>
<term>Poor preservation</term>
<term>Posterior</term>
<term>Posterior extension</term>
<term>Posterior extent</term>
<term>Posterior margin</term>
<term>Posteriorly</term>
<term>Posterodorsal</term>
<term>Posterodorsally</term>
<term>Posterolateral</term>
<term>Posterolateral premaxillary process</term>
<term>Posteromedial</term>
<term>Posteroventral</term>
<term>Posteroventral projection</term>
<term>Postorbital</term>
<term>Postzygapophyseal</term>
<term>Prefrontal</term>
<term>Premaxilla</term>
<term>Premaxillary</term>
<term>Pterygoid</term>
<term>Quadrate</term>
<term>Quadrate embayment</term>
<term>Quadratojugal</term>
<term>Regalis</term>
<term>Rib</term>
<term>Right side</term>
<term>Robust</term>
<term>Robust form</term>
<term>Rostral</term>
<term>Rostral jugal</term>
<term>Rugose</term>
<term>Scapula</term>
<term>Skull</term>
<term>Solid crest</term>
<term>Splenial</term>
<term>Squamosal</term>
<term>Steel armature</term>
<term>Sternberg</term>
<term>Strict consensus</term>
<term>Supratemporal</term>
<term>Supratemporal fenestra</term>
<term>Surangular</term>
<term>Suture</term>
<term>Taxon</term>
<term>Tooth positions</term>
<term>Tooth rows</term>
<term>Ulna</term>
<term>Unambiguous synapomorphies</term>
<term>Upper cretaceous</term>
<term>Ventral</term>
<term>Ventral surface</term>
<term>Ventrally</term>
<term>Ventrolateral surface</term>
<term>Vertebra</term>
<term>Vertebrate paleontology</term>
<term>Vertical maxillary tooth</term>
<term>Vertical rows</term>
<term>Vertical tooth</term>
<term>Vertical tooth rows</term>
<term>Vomer</term>
<term>Weishampel</term>
<term>Zoological</term>
<term>Zoological journal</term>
</keywords>
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<front><div type="abstract">The holotype of Brachylophosaurus canadensis was collected by C.M. Sternberg in 1936 from the Oldman Formation (Upper Cretaceous) of Alberta, Canada, with a brief description focusing on the cranium following in 1953. A re‐description of the holotype skeleton confirms its position as a hadrosaurine dinosaur exhibiting the following unique combination of characters: paddle‐like solid nasal crest; posteriorly elongated prefrontal; only the anterior tip of the lacrimal contacting maxilla; extremely elongated anterior maxillary process; and a quadratojugal with a noncrescentic posterior margin variably forming a paraquadratic foramen with the quadrate. Comparison of the holotype with other specimens assigned to the taxon reveals numerous morphological differences. These variable features include the presence/absence of an accessory premaxillary foramen, the number of maxillary/dentary vertical tooth rows, the number of functional teeth per tooth row contributing to the dental occlusal surface, the bones forming the mandibular glenoid, the presence/absence of a nasal foramen, nasal crest morphology, the number of cervical vertebrae, and axis morphology.</div>
</front>
</TEI>
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