P5 Halitosis and related factors in a Chinese general population
Identifieur interne : 000882 ( Istex/Curation ); précédent : 000881; suivant : 000883P5 Halitosis and related factors in a Chinese general population
Auteurs : X. Liu ; S. Abe ; K. Shinada ; X. Chen [République populaire de Chine] ; B. Zhang [République populaire de Chine] ; K. Yaegaki ; Y. KawaguchiSource :
- Oral Diseases [ 1354-523X ] ; 2005-03.
Descripteurs français
- Wicri :
- topic : Médecine dentaire, Micro-organisme.
English descriptors
- KwdEn :
- Abnormal halitometry, Absolute value, Amine, Anaerobe, Anaerobic, Average level, Aviv, Aviv university, Avour, Avours, Baseline, Behavioral factors, Breath freshening, Breath freshening dentifrice, Breath group, Breath odor, Catholic university leuven, Ch3sh, Ch3sh concentration ratio, Clinical attachment level, Clinical study, Clo2, Control group, Control groups, Dental medicine, Dental plaque, Dental practitioners, Dental sciences, Dental students, Dentifrice, Dentistry, Dentulous subjects, Denture, Denture brush, Denture wearers, Elderly patients, Elderly people, Elderly population, Electronic nose, Essential oils, Examiner variation, Ezaki glico, Freshening, Gabriela goldschleger school, General health, Gingival, Gingival index, Gingivalis, Graduate school, Guideline, Halimeter, Halitometry, Halitosis, Halitosis samples, Halitosis therapy, Halitosis unit, Headspace, Health status, Hedonic, High intensity, Human nose, Hygiene, Intraoral oxygen release device, Japan objective, Laser, Laser treatment, Lethal photosensitization, Light energy, Main cause, Malodor, Malodour, Medical university, Mercaptan, Methods patients, Methyl, Methyl mercaptan, Microbial, Microbiota, Microorganism, Molecular weight amines, Morning breath, Mouthrinse, Odor, Odor judge scores, Odor judges, Odorant, Odorants, Odour, Odour judges, Oral, Oral care, Oral care products, Oral cavity, Oral diseases, Oral diseases abstracts, Oral examination, Oral halitosis, Oral health, Oral health care, Oral hygiene, Oral malodor, Oral malodor intensity, Oral malodor research, Oral malodour, Oral microbiota, Organoleptic, Organoleptic assessment, Organoleptic measurement, Organoleptic measurements, Organoleptic scale, Organoleptic score, Organoleptic scores, Organoleptic test, Other body odors, Other hand, Oxidative, Oxidative damage, Periodontal, Periodontal disease, Periodontal therapy, Periodontitis, Periodontology, Periodontopathic bacteria, Placebo, Plaque, Plaque index, Polyester bags, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Present study, Preventive dentistry, Quest breath freshness panel, Randomized, Real system, Relative amount, Research center, Saliva, Saliva samples, Salivarius, Sampling bags, Sensor array, Sensor responses, Social function, Square test, Statistical analysis, Study population, Subjective symptoms, Sulfur, Sulfur compounds, Sulphide, Time point, Tongue brush, Tongue cleaning, Tongue coat, Tongue coating, Tongue coating score, Tongue coating status, Tongue dorsum, Tongue microbiota, Toothpaste, Triclosan, Trimethylamine, University school, Unpleasant breath, Uoride, Uoride dentifrice, Vocs, Volatile, Volatile sulfur compounds, Volatile sulphur compounds, Vscs, Wearer, Wide range.
- Teeft :
- Abnormal halitometry, Absolute value, Amine, Anaerobe, Anaerobic, Average level, Aviv, Aviv university, Avour, Avours, Baseline, Behavioral factors, Breath freshening, Breath freshening dentifrice, Breath group, Breath odor, Catholic university leuven, Ch3sh, Ch3sh concentration ratio, Clinical attachment level, Clinical study, Clo2, Control group, Control groups, Dental medicine, Dental plaque, Dental practitioners, Dental sciences, Dental students, Dentifrice, Dentistry, Dentulous subjects, Denture, Denture brush, Denture wearers, Elderly patients, Elderly people, Elderly population, Electronic nose, Essential oils, Examiner variation, Ezaki glico, Freshening, Gabriela goldschleger school, General health, Gingival, Gingival index, Gingivalis, Graduate school, Guideline, Halimeter, Halitometry, Halitosis, Halitosis samples, Halitosis therapy, Halitosis unit, Headspace, Health status, Hedonic, High intensity, Human nose, Hygiene, Intraoral oxygen release device, Japan objective, Laser, Laser treatment, Lethal photosensitization, Light energy, Main cause, Malodor, Malodour, Medical university, Mercaptan, Methods patients, Methyl, Methyl mercaptan, Microbial, Microbiota, Microorganism, Molecular weight amines, Morning breath, Mouthrinse, Odor, Odor judge scores, Odor judges, Odorant, Odorants, Odour, Odour judges, Oral, Oral care, Oral care products, Oral cavity, Oral diseases, Oral diseases abstracts, Oral examination, Oral halitosis, Oral health, Oral health care, Oral hygiene, Oral malodor, Oral malodor intensity, Oral malodor research, Oral malodour, Oral microbiota, Organoleptic, Organoleptic assessment, Organoleptic measurement, Organoleptic measurements, Organoleptic scale, Organoleptic score, Organoleptic scores, Organoleptic test, Other body odors, Other hand, Oxidative, Oxidative damage, Periodontal, Periodontal disease, Periodontal therapy, Periodontitis, Periodontology, Periodontopathic bacteria, Placebo, Plaque, Plaque index, Polyester bags, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Present study, Preventive dentistry, Quest breath freshness panel, Randomized, Real system, Relative amount, Research center, Saliva, Saliva samples, Salivarius, Sampling bags, Sensor array, Sensor responses, Social function, Square test, Statistical analysis, Study population, Subjective symptoms, Sulfur, Sulfur compounds, Sulphide, Time point, Tongue brush, Tongue cleaning, Tongue coat, Tongue coating, Tongue coating score, Tongue coating status, Tongue dorsum, Tongue microbiota, Toothpaste, Triclosan, Trimethylamine, University school, Unpleasant breath, Uoride, Uoride dentifrice, Vocs, Volatile, Volatile sulfur compounds, Volatile sulphur compounds, Vscs, Wearer, Wide range.
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to estimate the distribution of halitosis in a general Chinese population and assess the relationship between halitosis and oral health status and other social or behavioral factors. The subjects were 1000 males and 1000 females aged from 15 to 64 years in urban and rural area of Beijing, China. Questionnaire survey and oral examination was conducted. Questionnaire items included socio‐economic status (income and education), oral habits (brushing), knowledge for oral health, dental attendance, life habits (smoking), medical history and self‐assessment of halitosis. Oral examination comprised of DMFT, plaque index (PI), calculus index (CI), pocket depth (PD), modified sulcus bleeding index (mSBI) and tongue coating score (TCS). Volatile sulfur compounds (VSC) concentrations in mouth air were assessed by Halimeter. If VSC was 75 ppb and above, the subject was diagnosed halitosis. As a result, the prevalence of halitosis was 35.4% for the total population. Age and area of residence did not related to the VSC value. The levels of VSC were different among the period of assessment time. In the 15–24, 25–34 and 55–64‐year‐old groups, VSC values were significantly higher in the late afternoon. DMFT was not related with VSC. General health, social and behavioral factors did not relate to VSC. According to the logistic regression analysis, TCS, gender, CI and mSBI was significantly correlated with VSC. TCS had the highest OR value among them. The prevalence of halitosis was high in this population. Tongue coating played the most important role in determining VSC level, followed by periodontal status. However DMFT, smoking, social economic status, oral habits, general health and other social factors did not contribute to the level of VSC. The effective oral health promotion programs would be necessary to improve the poor oral health status and decrease the level of VSC for this study population.
Url:
DOI: 10.1111/j.1601-0825.2005.01105_28.x
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<affiliation><mods:affiliation>The University of British Columbia</mods:affiliation>
<wicri:noCountry code="no comma">The University of British Columbia</wicri:noCountry>
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<affiliation><mods:affiliation>Tokyo Medical and Dental University</mods:affiliation>
<wicri:noCountry code="no comma">Tokyo Medical and Dental University</wicri:noCountry>
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<profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>Abnormal halitometry</term>
<term>Absolute value</term>
<term>Amine</term>
<term>Anaerobe</term>
<term>Anaerobic</term>
<term>Average level</term>
<term>Aviv</term>
<term>Aviv university</term>
<term>Avour</term>
<term>Avours</term>
<term>Baseline</term>
<term>Behavioral factors</term>
<term>Breath freshening</term>
<term>Breath freshening dentifrice</term>
<term>Breath group</term>
<term>Breath odor</term>
<term>Catholic university leuven</term>
<term>Ch3sh</term>
<term>Ch3sh concentration ratio</term>
<term>Clinical attachment level</term>
<term>Clinical study</term>
<term>Clo2</term>
<term>Control group</term>
<term>Control groups</term>
<term>Dental medicine</term>
<term>Dental plaque</term>
<term>Dental practitioners</term>
<term>Dental sciences</term>
<term>Dental students</term>
<term>Dentifrice</term>
<term>Dentistry</term>
<term>Dentulous subjects</term>
<term>Denture</term>
<term>Denture brush</term>
<term>Denture wearers</term>
<term>Elderly patients</term>
<term>Elderly people</term>
<term>Elderly population</term>
<term>Electronic nose</term>
<term>Essential oils</term>
<term>Examiner variation</term>
<term>Ezaki glico</term>
<term>Freshening</term>
<term>Gabriela goldschleger school</term>
<term>General health</term>
<term>Gingival</term>
<term>Gingival index</term>
<term>Gingivalis</term>
<term>Graduate school</term>
<term>Guideline</term>
<term>Halimeter</term>
<term>Halitometry</term>
<term>Halitosis</term>
<term>Halitosis samples</term>
<term>Halitosis therapy</term>
<term>Halitosis unit</term>
<term>Headspace</term>
<term>Health status</term>
<term>Hedonic</term>
<term>High intensity</term>
<term>Human nose</term>
<term>Hygiene</term>
<term>Intraoral oxygen release device</term>
<term>Japan objective</term>
<term>Laser</term>
<term>Laser treatment</term>
<term>Lethal photosensitization</term>
<term>Light energy</term>
<term>Main cause</term>
<term>Malodor</term>
<term>Malodour</term>
<term>Medical university</term>
<term>Mercaptan</term>
<term>Methods patients</term>
<term>Methyl</term>
<term>Methyl mercaptan</term>
<term>Microbial</term>
<term>Microbiota</term>
<term>Microorganism</term>
<term>Molecular weight amines</term>
<term>Morning breath</term>
<term>Mouthrinse</term>
<term>Odor</term>
<term>Odor judge scores</term>
<term>Odor judges</term>
<term>Odorant</term>
<term>Odorants</term>
<term>Odour</term>
<term>Odour judges</term>
<term>Oral</term>
<term>Oral care</term>
<term>Oral care products</term>
<term>Oral cavity</term>
<term>Oral diseases</term>
<term>Oral diseases abstracts</term>
<term>Oral examination</term>
<term>Oral halitosis</term>
<term>Oral health</term>
<term>Oral health care</term>
<term>Oral hygiene</term>
<term>Oral malodor</term>
<term>Oral malodor intensity</term>
<term>Oral malodor research</term>
<term>Oral malodour</term>
<term>Oral microbiota</term>
<term>Organoleptic</term>
<term>Organoleptic assessment</term>
<term>Organoleptic measurement</term>
<term>Organoleptic measurements</term>
<term>Organoleptic scale</term>
<term>Organoleptic score</term>
<term>Organoleptic scores</term>
<term>Organoleptic test</term>
<term>Other body odors</term>
<term>Other hand</term>
<term>Oxidative</term>
<term>Oxidative damage</term>
<term>Periodontal</term>
<term>Periodontal disease</term>
<term>Periodontal therapy</term>
<term>Periodontitis</term>
<term>Periodontology</term>
<term>Periodontopathic bacteria</term>
<term>Placebo</term>
<term>Plaque</term>
<term>Plaque index</term>
<term>Polyester bags</term>
<term>Porphyromonas gingivalis</term>
<term>Present study</term>
<term>Preventive dentistry</term>
<term>Quest breath freshness panel</term>
<term>Randomized</term>
<term>Real system</term>
<term>Relative amount</term>
<term>Research center</term>
<term>Saliva</term>
<term>Saliva samples</term>
<term>Salivarius</term>
<term>Sampling bags</term>
<term>Sensor array</term>
<term>Sensor responses</term>
<term>Social function</term>
<term>Square test</term>
<term>Statistical analysis</term>
<term>Study population</term>
<term>Subjective symptoms</term>
<term>Sulfur</term>
<term>Sulfur compounds</term>
<term>Sulphide</term>
<term>Time point</term>
<term>Tongue brush</term>
<term>Tongue cleaning</term>
<term>Tongue coat</term>
<term>Tongue coating</term>
<term>Tongue coating score</term>
<term>Tongue coating status</term>
<term>Tongue dorsum</term>
<term>Tongue microbiota</term>
<term>Toothpaste</term>
<term>Triclosan</term>
<term>Trimethylamine</term>
<term>University school</term>
<term>Unpleasant breath</term>
<term>Uoride</term>
<term>Uoride dentifrice</term>
<term>Vocs</term>
<term>Volatile</term>
<term>Volatile sulfur compounds</term>
<term>Volatile sulphur compounds</term>
<term>Vscs</term>
<term>Wearer</term>
<term>Wide range</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="Teeft" xml:lang="en"><term>Abnormal halitometry</term>
<term>Absolute value</term>
<term>Amine</term>
<term>Anaerobe</term>
<term>Anaerobic</term>
<term>Average level</term>
<term>Aviv</term>
<term>Aviv university</term>
<term>Avour</term>
<term>Avours</term>
<term>Baseline</term>
<term>Behavioral factors</term>
<term>Breath freshening</term>
<term>Breath freshening dentifrice</term>
<term>Breath group</term>
<term>Breath odor</term>
<term>Catholic university leuven</term>
<term>Ch3sh</term>
<term>Ch3sh concentration ratio</term>
<term>Clinical attachment level</term>
<term>Clinical study</term>
<term>Clo2</term>
<term>Control group</term>
<term>Control groups</term>
<term>Dental medicine</term>
<term>Dental plaque</term>
<term>Dental practitioners</term>
<term>Dental sciences</term>
<term>Dental students</term>
<term>Dentifrice</term>
<term>Dentistry</term>
<term>Dentulous subjects</term>
<term>Denture</term>
<term>Denture brush</term>
<term>Denture wearers</term>
<term>Elderly patients</term>
<term>Elderly people</term>
<term>Elderly population</term>
<term>Electronic nose</term>
<term>Essential oils</term>
<term>Examiner variation</term>
<term>Ezaki glico</term>
<term>Freshening</term>
<term>Gabriela goldschleger school</term>
<term>General health</term>
<term>Gingival</term>
<term>Gingival index</term>
<term>Gingivalis</term>
<term>Graduate school</term>
<term>Guideline</term>
<term>Halimeter</term>
<term>Halitometry</term>
<term>Halitosis</term>
<term>Halitosis samples</term>
<term>Halitosis therapy</term>
<term>Halitosis unit</term>
<term>Headspace</term>
<term>Health status</term>
<term>Hedonic</term>
<term>High intensity</term>
<term>Human nose</term>
<term>Hygiene</term>
<term>Intraoral oxygen release device</term>
<term>Japan objective</term>
<term>Laser</term>
<term>Laser treatment</term>
<term>Lethal photosensitization</term>
<term>Light energy</term>
<term>Main cause</term>
<term>Malodor</term>
<term>Malodour</term>
<term>Medical university</term>
<term>Mercaptan</term>
<term>Methods patients</term>
<term>Methyl</term>
<term>Methyl mercaptan</term>
<term>Microbial</term>
<term>Microbiota</term>
<term>Microorganism</term>
<term>Molecular weight amines</term>
<term>Morning breath</term>
<term>Mouthrinse</term>
<term>Odor</term>
<term>Odor judge scores</term>
<term>Odor judges</term>
<term>Odorant</term>
<term>Odorants</term>
<term>Odour</term>
<term>Odour judges</term>
<term>Oral</term>
<term>Oral care</term>
<term>Oral care products</term>
<term>Oral cavity</term>
<term>Oral diseases</term>
<term>Oral diseases abstracts</term>
<term>Oral examination</term>
<term>Oral halitosis</term>
<term>Oral health</term>
<term>Oral health care</term>
<term>Oral hygiene</term>
<term>Oral malodor</term>
<term>Oral malodor intensity</term>
<term>Oral malodor research</term>
<term>Oral malodour</term>
<term>Oral microbiota</term>
<term>Organoleptic</term>
<term>Organoleptic assessment</term>
<term>Organoleptic measurement</term>
<term>Organoleptic measurements</term>
<term>Organoleptic scale</term>
<term>Organoleptic score</term>
<term>Organoleptic scores</term>
<term>Organoleptic test</term>
<term>Other body odors</term>
<term>Other hand</term>
<term>Oxidative</term>
<term>Oxidative damage</term>
<term>Periodontal</term>
<term>Periodontal disease</term>
<term>Periodontal therapy</term>
<term>Periodontitis</term>
<term>Periodontology</term>
<term>Periodontopathic bacteria</term>
<term>Placebo</term>
<term>Plaque</term>
<term>Plaque index</term>
<term>Polyester bags</term>
<term>Porphyromonas gingivalis</term>
<term>Present study</term>
<term>Preventive dentistry</term>
<term>Quest breath freshness panel</term>
<term>Randomized</term>
<term>Real system</term>
<term>Relative amount</term>
<term>Research center</term>
<term>Saliva</term>
<term>Saliva samples</term>
<term>Salivarius</term>
<term>Sampling bags</term>
<term>Sensor array</term>
<term>Sensor responses</term>
<term>Social function</term>
<term>Square test</term>
<term>Statistical analysis</term>
<term>Study population</term>
<term>Subjective symptoms</term>
<term>Sulfur</term>
<term>Sulfur compounds</term>
<term>Sulphide</term>
<term>Time point</term>
<term>Tongue brush</term>
<term>Tongue cleaning</term>
<term>Tongue coat</term>
<term>Tongue coating</term>
<term>Tongue coating score</term>
<term>Tongue coating status</term>
<term>Tongue dorsum</term>
<term>Tongue microbiota</term>
<term>Toothpaste</term>
<term>Triclosan</term>
<term>Trimethylamine</term>
<term>University school</term>
<term>Unpleasant breath</term>
<term>Uoride</term>
<term>Uoride dentifrice</term>
<term>Vocs</term>
<term>Volatile</term>
<term>Volatile sulfur compounds</term>
<term>Volatile sulphur compounds</term>
<term>Vscs</term>
<term>Wearer</term>
<term>Wide range</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="Wicri" type="topic" xml:lang="fr"><term>Médecine dentaire</term>
<term>Micro-organisme</term>
</keywords>
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<front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">The purpose of this study was to estimate the distribution of halitosis in a general Chinese population and assess the relationship between halitosis and oral health status and other social or behavioral factors. The subjects were 1000 males and 1000 females aged from 15 to 64 years in urban and rural area of Beijing, China. Questionnaire survey and oral examination was conducted. Questionnaire items included socio‐economic status (income and education), oral habits (brushing), knowledge for oral health, dental attendance, life habits (smoking), medical history and self‐assessment of halitosis. Oral examination comprised of DMFT, plaque index (PI), calculus index (CI), pocket depth (PD), modified sulcus bleeding index (mSBI) and tongue coating score (TCS). Volatile sulfur compounds (VSC) concentrations in mouth air were assessed by Halimeter. If VSC was 75 ppb and above, the subject was diagnosed halitosis. As a result, the prevalence of halitosis was 35.4% for the total population. Age and area of residence did not related to the VSC value. The levels of VSC were different among the period of assessment time. In the 15–24, 25–34 and 55–64‐year‐old groups, VSC values were significantly higher in the late afternoon. DMFT was not related with VSC. General health, social and behavioral factors did not relate to VSC. According to the logistic regression analysis, TCS, gender, CI and mSBI was significantly correlated with VSC. TCS had the highest OR value among them. The prevalence of halitosis was high in this population. Tongue coating played the most important role in determining VSC level, followed by periodontal status. However DMFT, smoking, social economic status, oral habits, general health and other social factors did not contribute to the level of VSC. The effective oral health promotion programs would be necessary to improve the poor oral health status and decrease the level of VSC for this study population.</div>
</front>
</TEI>
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