Extinct large colobines from the Plio‐Pleistocene of Africa
Identifieur interne : 007C99 ( Istex/Corpus ); précédent : 007C98; suivant : 007D00Extinct large colobines from the Plio‐Pleistocene of Africa
Auteurs : Meave G. LeakeySource :
- American Journal of Physical Anthropology [ 0002-9483 ] ; 1982-06.
English descriptors
- KwdEn :
- Academic press, Braincase, Cercopithecoides, Cercopithecoides kimeui, Cercopithecoides williamsi, Chemeroni, Chicago press, Chicago university press, Clarendon press, Colobinae, Colobine, Colobine taxa, Colobines, Colobus, Common ancestor, Coppens, Cranial, Cranium, Delson, Dentition, East africa, East turkana, Extant colobines, Extant colobus, Extant species, Extinct, Extinct colobines, Fauna, Fluviatile deposits, Fossil, Fossil hominids, Fossil record, Frag, Frags, Freedman, Frontal process, Genus, Gonial region, Gorge, Howell, Interorbital region, Kenya, Kimeui, Koobi, Koobi fora, Koobi fora formation, Koobi fora research project, Laetoli, Lake rudolf basin, Lake turkana, Large colobine, Large colobines, Large size, Larger size, Leakey, Lemuta member, Long muzzle, Male mand, Mand, Mandible, Mandibular, Mandibular body, Maxillary fossa, Miocene, Molar, Morphological description, Morphological interpretation, Morphology, Napier, Nasal aperture, Nuchal crests, Occlusal plane, Olduvai, Olduvai gorge, Orno, Orno valley, Other colobines, Papionine appearance, Paracolobus, Paracolobus chemeroni, Paracolobus mutiwa, Personal communication, Postcranial, Postcranial elements, Postcranial frags, Postcranial morphology, Postcranial skeleton, Postglabellar sulcus, Postorbital constriction, Primates, Protocone, Ramus, Rhinocolobus, Rhinocolobus turkanaensis, Riverine forest, Rudolf, Savanna, Shungura, Shungura formation, Specific diagnosis, Subfamily, Taxon, Tuff, Turkana, Turkanaensis, Type locality, Type species, Type specimen, Williamsi.
- Teeft :
- Academic press, Braincase, Cercopithecoides, Cercopithecoides kimeui, Cercopithecoides williamsi, Chemeroni, Chicago press, Chicago university press, Clarendon press, Colobinae, Colobine, Colobine taxa, Colobines, Colobus, Common ancestor, Coppens, Cranial, Cranium, Delson, Dentition, East africa, East turkana, Extant colobines, Extant colobus, Extant species, Extinct, Extinct colobines, Fauna, Fluviatile deposits, Fossil, Fossil hominids, Fossil record, Frag, Frags, Freedman, Frontal process, Genus, Gonial region, Gorge, Howell, Interorbital region, Kenya, Kimeui, Koobi, Koobi fora, Koobi fora formation, Koobi fora research project, Laetoli, Lake rudolf basin, Lake turkana, Large colobine, Large colobines, Large size, Larger size, Leakey, Lemuta member, Long muzzle, Male mand, Mand, Mandible, Mandibular, Mandibular body, Maxillary fossa, Miocene, Molar, Morphological description, Morphological interpretation, Morphology, Napier, Nasal aperture, Nuchal crests, Occlusal plane, Olduvai, Olduvai gorge, Orno, Orno valley, Other colobines, Papionine appearance, Paracolobus, Paracolobus chemeroni, Paracolobus mutiwa, Personal communication, Postcranial, Postcranial elements, Postcranial frags, Postcranial morphology, Postcranial skeleton, Postglabellar sulcus, Postorbital constriction, Primates, Protocone, Ramus, Rhinocolobus, Rhinocolobus turkanaensis, Riverine forest, Rudolf, Savanna, Shungura, Shungura formation, Specific diagnosis, Subfamily, Taxon, Tuff, Turkana, Turkanaensis, Type locality, Type species, Type specimen, Williamsi.
Abstract
Three genera and six species of extinct African Plio‐Pleistocene Colobinae are discussed. One new genus, Rhinocolobus and three new species, R. turkanaensis, Cercopithecoides kimeui and Paracolobus mutiwa are named. These colobines show a diversity in postcranial and dental morphology not seen among extant species. Rhinocolobus was most similar to extant Colobus in postcranial morphology and had similar high‐cusped shearing teeth. Cercopithecoides shows a number of postcranial skeletal features typical of terrestrial cercopithecid species and has lower cusped teeth. Paracolobus, while generally more similar to Rhinocolobus than to Cercopithecoides, is intermediate in some features of its postcranial morphology. The distribution of the various taxa among East and South African sites with different palaeoenvironments is generally consistent with the morphological interpretation. With the exception of Cercopithecoides kimeui, which persisted a little longer, these large colobines disappear from the fossil record about 1.8 million years ago. Their disappearance coincides with an interval of increasing aridity documented at Olduvai Gorge, the Omo Valley, and East Turkana.
Url:
DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.1330580207
Links to Exploration step
ISTEX:FC982246CDCBCFC19D1D89F5DC6660D9422DA7F3Le document en format XML
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One new genus, Rhinocolobus and three new species, R. turkanaensis, Cercopithecoides kimeui and Paracolobus mutiwa are named. These colobines show a diversity in postcranial and dental morphology not seen among extant species. Rhinocolobus was most similar to extant Colobus in postcranial morphology and had similar high‐cusped shearing teeth. Cercopithecoides shows a number of postcranial skeletal features typical of terrestrial cercopithecid species and has lower cusped teeth. Paracolobus, while generally more similar to Rhinocolobus than to Cercopithecoides, is intermediate in some features of its postcranial morphology. The distribution of the various taxa among East and South African sites with different palaeoenvironments is generally consistent with the morphological interpretation. With the exception of Cercopithecoides kimeui, which persisted a little longer, these large colobines disappear from the fossil record about 1.8 million years ago. Their disappearance coincides with an interval of increasing aridity documented at Olduvai Gorge, the Omo Valley, and East Turkana.</div></front></TEI><istex><corpusName>wiley</corpusName><keywords><teeft><json:string>tuff</json:string><json:string>colobines</json:string><json:string>leakey</json:string><json:string>cercopithecoides</json:string><json:string>colobine</json:string><json:string>turkana</json:string><json:string>fossil</json:string><json:string>paracolobus</json:string><json:string>postcranial</json:string><json:string>rhinocolobus</json:string><json:string>mand</json:string><json:string>koobi</json:string><json:string>olduvai</json:string><json:string>colobinae</json:string><json:string>dentition</json:string><json:string>frag</json:string><json:string>kenya</json:string><json:string>orno</json:string><json:string>lake turkana</json:string><json:string>cranium</json:string><json:string>williamsi</json:string><json:string>taxon</json:string><json:string>kimeui</json:string><json:string>laetoli</json:string><json:string>delson</json:string><json:string>chemeroni</json:string><json:string>cranial</json:string><json:string>koobi fora</json:string><json:string>mandible</json:string><json:string>east turkana</json:string><json:string>olduvai gorge</json:string><json:string>mandibular</json:string><json:string>turkanaensis</json:string><json:string>shungura</json:string><json:string>colobus</json:string><json:string>frags</json:string><json:string>miocene</json:string><json:string>savanna</json:string><json:string>shungura formation</json:string><json:string>subfamily</json:string><json:string>napier</json:string><json:string>freedman</json:string><json:string>extinct colobines</json:string><json:string>extinct</json:string><json:string>coppens</json:string><json:string>large colobines</json:string><json:string>academic press</json:string><json:string>protocone</json:string><json:string>ramus</json:string><json:string>cercopithecoides kimeui</json:string><json:string>braincase</json:string><json:string>fauna</json:string><json:string>gorge</json:string><json:string>morphological description</json:string><json:string>postcranial morphology</json:string><json:string>lake rudolf basin</json:string><json:string>koobi fora formation</json:string><json:string>orno valley</json:string><json:string>postcranial skeleton</json:string><json:string>cercopithecoides williamsi</json:string><json:string>gonial region</json:string><json:string>specific diagnosis</json:string><json:string>postcranial frags</json:string><json:string>genus</json:string><json:string>rudolf</json:string><json:string>personal communication</json:string><json:string>type specimen</json:string><json:string>east africa</json:string><json:string>male mand</json:string><json:string>fossil hominids</json:string><json:string>chicago university press</json:string><json:string>rhinocolobus turkanaensis</json:string><json:string>large colobine</json:string><json:string>larger size</json:string><json:string>postcranial elements</json:string><json:string>koobi fora research project</json:string><json:string>extant colobus</json:string><json:string>molar</json:string><json:string>howell</json:string><json:string>primates</json:string><json:string>interorbital region</json:string><json:string>mandibular body</json:string><json:string>morphological interpretation</json:string><json:string>clarendon press</json:string><json:string>extant colobines</json:string><json:string>type locality</json:string><json:string>paracolobus mutiwa</json:string><json:string>postorbital constriction</json:string><json:string>nasal aperture</json:string><json:string>lemuta member</json:string><json:string>frontal process</json:string><json:string>papionine appearance</json:string><json:string>maxillary fossa</json:string><json:string>other colobines</json:string><json:string>type species</json:string><json:string>colobine taxa</json:string><json:string>fossil record</json:string><json:string>riverine forest</json:string><json:string>fluviatile deposits</json:string><json:string>large size</json:string><json:string>common ancestor</json:string><json:string>extant species</json:string><json:string>long muzzle</json:string><json:string>chicago press</json:string><json:string>nuchal crests</json:string><json:string>occlusal plane</json:string><json:string>postglabellar sulcus</json:string><json:string>paracolobus chemeroni</json:string><json:string>morphology</json:string></teeft></keywords><author><json:item><name>Meave G. Leakey</name><affiliations><json:string>National Museums of Kenya, P.O. Box 40658, Nairobi, Kenya</json:string></affiliations></json:item></author><subject><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>Colobine</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>Monkey</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>Plio‐Pleistocene</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>Postcranial</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>Dentition</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>Rhinocolobus</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>Paracolobus</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>Cercopithecoides</value></json:item></subject><articleId><json:string>AJPA1330580207</json:string></articleId><arkIstex>ark:/67375/WNG-WBBBWG3W-R</arkIstex><language><json:string>eng</json:string></language><originalGenre><json:string>article</json:string></originalGenre><abstract>Three genera and six species of extinct African Plio‐Pleistocene Colobinae are discussed. One new genus, Rhinocolobus and three new species, R. turkanaensis, Cercopithecoides kimeui and Paracolobus mutiwa are named. These colobines show a diversity in postcranial and dental morphology not seen among extant species. Rhinocolobus was most similar to extant Colobus in postcranial morphology and had similar high‐cusped shearing teeth. Cercopithecoides shows a number of postcranial skeletal features typical of terrestrial cercopithecid species and has lower cusped teeth. Paracolobus, while generally more similar to Rhinocolobus than to Cercopithecoides, is intermediate in some features of its postcranial morphology. The distribution of the various taxa among East and South African sites with different palaeoenvironments is generally consistent with the morphological interpretation. With the exception of Cercopithecoides kimeui, which persisted a little longer, these large colobines disappear from the fossil record about 1.8 million years ago. Their disappearance coincides with an interval of increasing aridity documented at Olduvai Gorge, the Omo Valley, and East Turkana.</abstract><qualityIndicators><score>8.944</score><pdfWordCount>7665</pdfWordCount><pdfCharCount>50979</pdfCharCount><pdfVersion>1.3</pdfVersion><pdfPageCount>20</pdfPageCount><pdfPageSize>486 x 720 pts</pdfPageSize><refBibsNative>true</refBibsNative><abstractWordCount>162</abstractWordCount><abstractCharCount>1185</abstractCharCount><keywordCount>8</keywordCount></qualityIndicators><title>Extinct large colobines from the Plio‐Pleistocene of Africa</title><genre><json:string>article</json:string></genre><host><title>American Journal of Physical Anthropology</title><language><json:string>unknown</json:string></language><doi><json:string>10.1002/(ISSN)1096-8644</json:string></doi><issn><json:string>0002-9483</json:string></issn><eissn><json:string>1096-8644</json:string></eissn><publisherId><json:string>AJPA</json:string></publisherId><volume>58</volume><issue>2</issue><pages><first>153</first><last>172</last><total>20</total></pages><genre><json:string>journal</json:string></genre><subject><json:item><value>Article</value></json:item></subject></host><namedEntities><unitex><date><json:string>1982</json:string><json:string>75s</json:string></date><geogName><json:string>Lake Rudolf</json:string><json:string>Lake Baringo</json:string><json:string>Lake Turkana</json:string><json:string>Lake Rudolf Basin</json:string><json:string>Gonial region</json:string><json:string>Kapthurin River</json:string><json:string>Lake Turkana Received</json:string><json:string>Lake Succession</json:string><json:string>Orno</json:string><json:string>Omo</json:string></geogName><orgName><json:string>Washington University</json:string><json:string>Kenya, the Omo Valley</json:string><json:string>Koobi Fora Research Project</json:string><json:string>University of Chicago Press</json:string><json:string>South Africa, Olduvai Gorge</json:string><json:string>ALAN R LISS, INC.</json:string><json:string>Ethiopia, and Laetoli</json:string><json:string>LEAKEY National Museums of Kenya</json:string><json:string>Harvard University</json:string><json:string>Chicago University</json:string><json:string>Libya, and Wadi Moghara, Egypt</json:string><json:string>Kenya KEY WORDS Colobine, Monkey, Plio-Pleistocene, Postcranial, Dentition, Rhinocolobus, Paracolobus, Cercopithecoides ABSTRACT</json:string><json:string>Kenyan, Ethiopian, and Tanzanian Governments</json:string><json:string>National Geographic Society, the National Science Foundation, and the National Museums of Kenya</json:string><json:string>University of California Press</json:string></orgName><orgName_funder></orgName_funder><orgName_provider></orgName_provider><persName><json:string>Y. Howell</json:string><json:string>Cercopithecoides</json:string><json:string>R. Afr</json:string><json:string>Eric Delson</json:string><json:string>S. Africa</json:string><json:string>Freedman</json:string><json:string>I. Maier</json:string><json:string>M.G. Birchette</json:string><json:string>J. Phys</json:string><json:string>Mark Birchette</json:string><json:string>E. Genus</json:string><json:string>B. Chiarelli</json:string><json:string>Richard Leakey</json:string><json:string>M.G. Leakey</json:string><json:string>Fossils</json:string><json:string>E. Delson</json:string><json:string>R.E. Leakey</json:string><json:string>J. Hum</json:string><json:string>Martin Pickford</json:string><json:string>Von Koenigswald</json:string><json:string>C. Omo</json:string><json:string>I. London</json:string><json:string>A. Walker</json:string><json:string>M.D. Leakey</json:string><json:string>Colobinae</json:string><json:string>G. Hypodigm</json:string><json:string>K.Ar</json:string><json:string>Alan Walker</json:string><json:string>G. Paracolobus</json:string><json:string>Diagram</json:string><json:string>Ibrahim Shah</json:string></persName><placeName><json:string>Pakistan</json:string><json:string>Libya</json:string><json:string>Perpignan</json:string><json:string>Greece</json:string><json:string>Uganda</json:string><json:string>Ethiopia</json:string><json:string>Edinburgh</json:string><json:string>Kenya</json:string><json:string>Toronto</json:string><json:string>Europe</json:string><json:string>South Africa</json:string><json:string>Berkeley</json:string><json:string>Basel</json:string><json:string>Angola</json:string><json:string>Chicago</json:string><json:string>New Cercopithecoidea</json:string><json:string>York</json:string><json:string>Tanzania</json:string><json:string>Egypt</json:string><json:string>France</json:string></placeName><ref_url></ref_url><ref_bibl><json:string>Janis, 1976</json:string><json:string>Brown and Shuey, 1976</json:string><json:string>Vondra and Bowen (1978)</json:string><json:string>Pilbeam et al., 1977</json:string><json:string>Freedman, 1970</json:string><json:string>White and Harris, 1977</json:string><json:string>Findlater, 1978</json:string><json:string>Brock et al.</json:string><json:string>Leakey and Leakey (1973)</json:string><json:string>Harris and White, 1979</json:string><json:string>Birchette, 1981</json:string><json:string>Cerling et al., 1977</json:string><json:string>Hay, 1976</json:string><json:string>Napier and Napier, 1967</json:string><json:string>Delson, 1975</json:string><json:string>Gantt, 1977</json:string><json:string>Freedman, 1957, 1960, 1965</json:string><json:string>Eisenhart, 1974</json:string><json:string>1957,1960,1965</json:string><json:string>followingNapier and Napier, 1967</json:string><json:string>Coppens et al.</json:string><json:string>following Groves, 1970</json:string><json:string>M.D. Leakey et al. 1976</json:string><json:string>Pilbeam and Walker, 1968</json:string><json:string>McDougd et al., 1980</json:string><json:string>Maier, 1970</json:string><json:string>Cooke and Maglio (1972)</json:string><json:string>Heinzelin et al., 1976</json:string><json:string>Leakey and Leakey, 1973</json:string><json:string>Thorington and Groves, 1970</json:string><json:string>Kay, 1978</json:string><json:string>Brown and SYSTEMATIC DESCRIPTIONS Nash, 1976</json:string><json:string>Bonnefille, 1976</json:string><json:string>Harris, 1978</json:string><json:string>Gleadow, 1980</json:string><json:string>Fleagle and Simons (1978)</json:string><json:string>Brown and Nash (1976)</json:string><json:string>White and Harris (1977)</json:string><json:string>Fitch and Miller (1976)</json:string><json:string>Brown and Nash, 1976</json:string><json:string>Fitch and Miller, 1976</json:string><json:string>McDougall et al., 1980</json:string><json:string>Leakey et al., 1976</json:string></ref_bibl><bibl></bibl></unitex></namedEntities><ark><json:string>ark:/67375/WNG-WBBBWG3W-R</json:string></ark><categories><wos><json:string>1 - 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Box 40658, Nairobi, Kenya<address><country key="KE"></country></address></affiliation></author><idno type="istex">FC982246CDCBCFC19D1D89F5DC6660D9422DA7F3</idno><idno type="ark">ark:/67375/WNG-WBBBWG3W-R</idno><idno type="DOI">10.1002/ajpa.1330580207</idno><idno type="unit">AJPA1330580207</idno><idno type="toTypesetVersion">file:AJPA.AJPA1330580207.pdf</idno></analytic><monogr><title level="j" type="main">American Journal of Physical Anthropology</title><title level="j" type="alt">AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY</title><idno type="pISSN">0002-9483</idno><idno type="eISSN">1096-8644</idno><idno type="book-DOI">10.1002/(ISSN)1096-8644</idno><idno type="book-part-DOI">10.1002/ajpa.v58:2</idno><idno type="product">AJPA</idno><imprint><biblScope unit="vol">58</biblScope><biblScope unit="issue">2</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" from="153">153</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" to="172">172</biblScope><biblScope unit="page-count">20</biblScope><publisher>Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company</publisher><pubPlace>New York</pubPlace><date type="published" when="1982-06"></date></imprint></monogr></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><abstract xml:lang="en" style="main"><head>Abstract</head><p>Three genera and six species of extinct African Plio‐Pleistocene Colobinae are discussed. One new genus, <hi rend="italic">Rhinocolobus</hi> and three new species, <hi rend="italic">R. turkanaensis, Cercopithecoides kimeui</hi> and <hi rend="italic">Paracolobus mutiwa</hi> are named. These colobines show a diversity in postcranial and dental morphology not seen among extant species. <hi rend="italic">Rhinocolobus</hi> was most similar to extant <hi rend="italic">Colobus</hi> in postcranial morphology and had similar high‐cusped shearing teeth. <hi rend="italic">Cercopithecoides</hi> shows a number of postcranial skeletal features typical of terrestrial cercopithecid species and has lower cusped teeth. <hi rend="italic">Paracolobus</hi>, while generally more similar to <hi rend="italic">Rhinocolobus</hi> than to <hi rend="italic">Cercopithecoides</hi>, is intermediate in some features of its postcranial morphology. The distribution of the various taxa among East and South African sites with different palaeoenvironments is generally consistent with the morphological interpretation. With the exception of <hi rend="italic">Cercopithecoides kimeui</hi>, which persisted a little longer, these large colobines disappear from the fossil record about 1.8 million years ago. Their disappearance coincides with an interval of increasing aridity documented at Olduvai Gorge, the Omo Valley, and East Turkana.</p></abstract><textClass><keywords xml:lang="en"><term xml:id="kwd1">Colobine</term><term xml:id="kwd2">Monkey</term><term xml:id="kwd3">Plio‐Pleistocene</term><term xml:id="kwd4">Postcranial</term><term xml:id="kwd5">Dentition</term><term xml:id="kwd6"><hi rend="italic">Rhinocolobus</hi></term><term xml:id="kwd7"><hi rend="italic">Paracolobus</hi></term><term xml:id="kwd8"><hi rend="italic">Cercopithecoides</hi></term></keywords><keywords rend="articleCategory"><term>Article</term></keywords><keywords rend="tocHeading1"><term>Articles</term></keywords></textClass><langUsage><language ident="en"></language></langUsage></profileDesc></teiHeader></istex:fulltextTEI><json:item><extension>txt</extension><original>false</original><mimetype>text/plain</mimetype><uri>https://api.istex.fr/document/FC982246CDCBCFC19D1D89F5DC6660D9422DA7F3/fulltext/txt</uri></json:item></fulltext><metadata><istex:metadataXml wicri:clean="Wiley, elements deleted: body"><istex:xmlDeclaration>version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="yes"</istex:xmlDeclaration><istex:document><component version="2.0" type="serialArticle" xml:lang="en"><header><publicationMeta level="product"><publisherInfo><publisherName>Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company</publisherName><publisherLoc>New York</publisherLoc></publisherInfo><doi registered="yes">10.1002/(ISSN)1096-8644</doi><issn type="print">0002-9483</issn><issn type="electronic">1096-8644</issn><idGroup><id type="product" value="AJPA"></id></idGroup><titleGroup><title type="main" xml:lang="en" sort="AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY">American Journal of Physical Anthropology</title><title type="short">Am. 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Box 40658, Nairobi, Kenya</unparsedAffiliation></affiliation></affiliationGroup><keywordGroup xml:lang="en" type="author"><keyword xml:id="kwd1">Colobine</keyword><keyword xml:id="kwd2">Monkey</keyword><keyword xml:id="kwd3">Plio‐Pleistocene</keyword><keyword xml:id="kwd4">Postcranial</keyword><keyword xml:id="kwd5">Dentition</keyword><keyword xml:id="kwd6"><i>Rhinocolobus</i></keyword><keyword xml:id="kwd7"><i>Paracolobus</i></keyword><keyword xml:id="kwd8"><i>Cercopithecoides</i></keyword></keywordGroup><fundingInfo><fundingAgency>The National Geographic Society</fundingAgency></fundingInfo><fundingInfo><fundingAgency>The National Science Foundation</fundingAgency></fundingInfo><fundingInfo><fundingAgency>The National Museums of Kenya</fundingAgency></fundingInfo><abstractGroup><abstract type="main" xml:lang="en"><title type="main">Abstract</title><p>Three genera and six species of extinct African Plio‐Pleistocene Colobinae are discussed. One new genus, <i>Rhinocolobus</i> and three new species, <i>R. turkanaensis, Cercopithecoides kimeui</i> and <i>Paracolobus mutiwa</i> are named. These colobines show a diversity in postcranial and dental morphology not seen among extant species. <i>Rhinocolobus</i> was most similar to extant <i>Colobus</i> in postcranial morphology and had similar high‐cusped shearing teeth. <i>Cercopithecoides</i> shows a number of postcranial skeletal features typical of terrestrial cercopithecid species and has lower cusped teeth. <i>Paracolobus</i>, while generally more similar to <i>Rhinocolobus</i> than to <i>Cercopithecoides</i>, is intermediate in some features of its postcranial morphology. The distribution of the various taxa among East and South African sites with different palaeoenvironments is generally consistent with the morphological interpretation. With the exception of <i>Cercopithecoides kimeui</i>, which persisted a little longer, these large colobines disappear from the fossil record about 1.8 million years ago. Their disappearance coincides with an interval of increasing aridity documented at Olduvai Gorge, the Omo Valley, and East Turkana.</p></abstract></abstractGroup></contentMeta></header></component></istex:document></istex:metadataXml><mods version="3.6"><titleInfo lang="en"><title>Extinct large colobines from the Plio‐Pleistocene of Africa</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="abbreviated" lang="en"><title>EXTINCT PLIO‐PLEISTOCENE COLOBINES</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="alternative" contentType="CDATA" lang="en"><title>Extinct large colobines from the Plio‐Pleistocene of Africa</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Meave G.</namePart><namePart type="family">Leakey</namePart><affiliation>National Museums of Kenya, P.O. Box 40658, Nairobi, Kenya</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><typeOfResource>text</typeOfResource><genre type="article" displayLabel="article" authority="ISTEX" authorityURI="https://content-type.data.istex.fr" valueURI="https://content-type.data.istex.fr/ark:/67375/XTP-6N5SZHKN-D">article</genre><originInfo><publisher>Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company</publisher><place><placeTerm type="text">New York</placeTerm></place><dateIssued encoding="w3cdtf">1982-06</dateIssued><dateCaptured encoding="w3cdtf">1981-04-27</dateCaptured><dateValid encoding="w3cdtf">1981-10-09</dateValid><copyrightDate encoding="w3cdtf">1982</copyrightDate></originInfo><language><languageTerm type="code" authority="rfc3066">en</languageTerm><languageTerm type="code" authority="iso639-2b">eng</languageTerm></language><physicalDescription><extent unit="figures">5</extent><extent unit="tables">4</extent><extent unit="references">48</extent></physicalDescription><abstract lang="en">Three genera and six species of extinct African Plio‐Pleistocene Colobinae are discussed. One new genus, Rhinocolobus and three new species, R. turkanaensis, Cercopithecoides kimeui and Paracolobus mutiwa are named. These colobines show a diversity in postcranial and dental morphology not seen among extant species. Rhinocolobus was most similar to extant Colobus in postcranial morphology and had similar high‐cusped shearing teeth. Cercopithecoides shows a number of postcranial skeletal features typical of terrestrial cercopithecid species and has lower cusped teeth. Paracolobus, while generally more similar to Rhinocolobus than to Cercopithecoides, is intermediate in some features of its postcranial morphology. The distribution of the various taxa among East and South African sites with different palaeoenvironments is generally consistent with the morphological interpretation. With the exception of Cercopithecoides kimeui, which persisted a little longer, these large colobines disappear from the fossil record about 1.8 million years ago. Their disappearance coincides with an interval of increasing aridity documented at Olduvai Gorge, the Omo Valley, and East Turkana.</abstract><note type="funding">The National Geographic Society</note><note type="funding">The National Science Foundation</note><note type="funding">The National Museums of Kenya</note><subject lang="en"><genre>keywords</genre><topic>Colobine</topic><topic>Monkey</topic><topic>Plio‐Pleistocene</topic><topic>Postcranial</topic><topic>Dentition</topic><topic>Rhinocolobus</topic><topic>Paracolobus</topic><topic>Cercopithecoides</topic></subject><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>American Journal of Physical Anthropology</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="abbreviated"><title>Am. J. Phys. 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