Same‐Sex Unions: The Globalization of an Idea
Identifieur interne : 007950 ( Istex/Corpus ); précédent : 007949; suivant : 007951Same‐Sex Unions: The Globalization of an Idea
Auteurs : Kelly KollmanSource :
- International Studies Quarterly [ 0020-8833 ] ; 2007-06.
English descriptors
- KwdEn :
- Abortion policies, Activist, Adopter, Adopter countries, Advocacy, Advocacy networks, Alternative explanations, American counterparts, Amsterdam treaty, Anonymous reviewers, Austrian government, Belgium, Better understanding, British broadcasting corporation, Bush administration, Cambridge university press, Case selection, Case studies, Catholic church, Catholic heritage, Checkel, Church attendance, Church salaries, Church state payment, Civil partnership bill, Comparative politics, Conduct interviews, Confessional, Confessional heritage, Convergence, Cornell university press, Correlation analysis, Country cases, David cann, Different countries, Different levels, Different models, Direct policy harmonization, Divergence, Divisive issue, Doma, Domestic factors, Domestic groups, Domestic institutions, Domestic level, Domestic policies, Domestic policy, Domestic policy change, Domestic policy debates, Domestic structures, Echr, Equal rights, European convention, European countries, European court, European governments, European institutions, European level, European lgbt network, Finland, Foreign norms, Frame relationship recognition, Frame ssus, Government structures, Grant couples, Grant marriage rights, Great deal, Heterosexual, Heterosexual couples, High levels, High religiosity, Homosexual, Homosexual behavior, Human right, Human rights, Human rights claims, Human rights frame, Human rights frames, Human rights issue, Human rights literature, Human rights norms, Human rights policy, Human rights regime, Human rights treaties, Ilga, Important catalyst, Important role, Industrial democracies, Institutional variables, Instrumental logic, Instrumental tactics, Intergovernmental organizations, International institutions, International lesbian, International norm, International norm legitimacy, International norm reception, International norms, International organizations, International participation rates, International relations, International society, International studies, Interview canadian policymaker, Interview european lgbt organization, Irish parliament, James davis, Kathryn sikkink, Kelly, Kelly kollman, Kelly kollman table, Kollman, Large number, Legal recognition, Legal systems, Legitimacy, Lesbian, Lesbian couples, Lesbian relationships, Lgbt, Lgbt groups, Lgbt organizations, Liberal democracies, Little evidence, Logical reasons, Love rights, Mark chaves, Marriage laws, Member states, Minkenberg, National courts, National debates, National government, National level, National lgbt groups, National lgbt movements, National lgbt organizations, National security, Neal tate, Netherlands, Netherlands belgium canada spain, Next section, Ngo, Nicholas bamforth, Nonadopter countries, Nordic, Nordic countries, Nordic region, Norm, Norm cascade, Norm compliance, Norm failure, Norway, Open marriage, Other countries, Other factors, Oxford university press, Partial establishment, Participation rates, Partnership laws, Partnership model, Partnership rights, Partnership scheme, Personal integrity, Policy activists, Policy adoption, Policy convergence, Policy debates, Policy developments, Policy divergence, Policy elites, Policy makers, Policy outcomes, Policy positions, Political impact, Political scientists, Powerful states, Protestant denominations, Public policy, Regional organizations, Relationship recognition, Relationship recognition norm, Relationship rights, Religiosity, Religiosity countries, Religious institutions, Religious participation, Religious values, Religious variables, Research design, Research question, Research questions, Respondents report, Rights norms, Rights regime, Risse, Ronald inglehart, Secondary role, Several churches, Sexual discrimination, Sexual minorities, Sexual orientation, Sexual orientation discrimination, Sikkink, Similar pattern, Small minority, Social mores, Social platform, Socialization processes, Ssus, State allocation, State appointment, State centralization, State recognition, State socialization, Stephen ropp, Such indicators, Such legislation, Supranational, Supranational institutions, Textual analysis, Thomas risse, Transgovernmental, Transgovernmental networks, Transitioning countries, Transnational, Transnational actors, Transnational advocacy networks, Transnational network, Transnational networks, Transnational ngos, Transnational participation, Transnational pressure, Transnational socialization processes, Transnational society, Transnational strategy, Union legislation, Vertical networks, Vertical ties, Western democracies, Western europe, Western societies, Wintemute, World order, York times.
- Teeft :
- Abortion policies, Activist, Adopter, Adopter countries, Advocacy, Advocacy networks, Alternative explanations, American counterparts, Amsterdam treaty, Anonymous reviewers, Austrian government, Belgium, Better understanding, British broadcasting corporation, Bush administration, Cambridge university press, Case selection, Case studies, Catholic church, Catholic heritage, Checkel, Church attendance, Church salaries, Church state payment, Civil partnership bill, Comparative politics, Conduct interviews, Confessional, Confessional heritage, Convergence, Cornell university press, Correlation analysis, Country cases, David cann, Different countries, Different levels, Different models, Direct policy harmonization, Divergence, Divisive issue, Doma, Domestic factors, Domestic groups, Domestic institutions, Domestic level, Domestic policies, Domestic policy, Domestic policy change, Domestic policy debates, Domestic structures, Echr, Equal rights, European convention, European countries, European court, European governments, European institutions, European level, European lgbt network, Finland, Foreign norms, Frame relationship recognition, Frame ssus, Government structures, Grant couples, Grant marriage rights, Great deal, Heterosexual, Heterosexual couples, High levels, High religiosity, Homosexual, Homosexual behavior, Human right, Human rights, Human rights claims, Human rights frame, Human rights frames, Human rights issue, Human rights literature, Human rights norms, Human rights policy, Human rights regime, Human rights treaties, Ilga, Important catalyst, Important role, Industrial democracies, Institutional variables, Instrumental logic, Instrumental tactics, Intergovernmental organizations, International institutions, International lesbian, International norm, International norm legitimacy, International norm reception, International norms, International organizations, International participation rates, International relations, International society, International studies, Interview canadian policymaker, Interview european lgbt organization, Irish parliament, James davis, Kathryn sikkink, Kelly, Kelly kollman, Kelly kollman table, Kollman, Large number, Legal recognition, Legal systems, Legitimacy, Lesbian, Lesbian couples, Lesbian relationships, Lgbt, Lgbt groups, Lgbt organizations, Liberal democracies, Little evidence, Logical reasons, Love rights, Mark chaves, Marriage laws, Member states, Minkenberg, National courts, National debates, National government, National level, National lgbt groups, National lgbt movements, National lgbt organizations, National security, Neal tate, Netherlands, Netherlands belgium canada spain, Next section, Ngo, Nicholas bamforth, Nonadopter countries, Nordic, Nordic countries, Nordic region, Norm, Norm cascade, Norm compliance, Norm failure, Norway, Open marriage, Other countries, Other factors, Oxford university press, Partial establishment, Participation rates, Partnership laws, Partnership model, Partnership rights, Partnership scheme, Personal integrity, Policy activists, Policy adoption, Policy convergence, Policy debates, Policy developments, Policy divergence, Policy elites, Policy makers, Policy outcomes, Policy positions, Political impact, Political scientists, Powerful states, Protestant denominations, Public policy, Regional organizations, Relationship recognition, Relationship recognition norm, Relationship rights, Religiosity, Religiosity countries, Religious institutions, Religious participation, Religious values, Religious variables, Research design, Research question, Research questions, Respondents report, Rights norms, Rights regime, Risse, Ronald inglehart, Secondary role, Several churches, Sexual discrimination, Sexual minorities, Sexual orientation, Sexual orientation discrimination, Sikkink, Similar pattern, Small minority, Social mores, Social platform, Socialization processes, Ssus, State allocation, State appointment, State centralization, State recognition, State socialization, Stephen ropp, Such indicators, Such legislation, Supranational, Supranational institutions, Textual analysis, Thomas risse, Transgovernmental, Transgovernmental networks, Transitioning countries, Transnational, Transnational actors, Transnational advocacy networks, Transnational network, Transnational networks, Transnational ngos, Transnational participation, Transnational pressure, Transnational socialization processes, Transnational society, Transnational strategy, Union legislation, Vertical networks, Vertical ties, Western democracies, Western europe, Western societies, Wintemute, World order, York times.
Abstract
What explains why a majority of western democracies have adopted same‐sex union (SSU) laws in the past decade and a half? I argue that this startling trend toward policy convergence in part can be explained by the rise of a human rights oriented transnational network of lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) activists as well as the transnationally networked policy elites these activists influence. These networks, however, do not fully determine policy outcomes as is evidenced by the fact that not all western democracies legally recognize same‐sex relationships and those that do have adopted different models of SSU laws. To explain these differences, I show how the nature of national religious practices and the perceived legitimacy of international norms by national elites and publics mediate the influence of the transnational networks and the norms they promote.
Url:
DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-2478.2007.00454.x
Links to Exploration step
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<term>Activist</term>
<term>Adopter</term>
<term>Adopter countries</term>
<term>Advocacy</term>
<term>Advocacy networks</term>
<term>Alternative explanations</term>
<term>American counterparts</term>
<term>Amsterdam treaty</term>
<term>Anonymous reviewers</term>
<term>Austrian government</term>
<term>Belgium</term>
<term>Better understanding</term>
<term>British broadcasting corporation</term>
<term>Bush administration</term>
<term>Cambridge university press</term>
<term>Case selection</term>
<term>Case studies</term>
<term>Catholic church</term>
<term>Catholic heritage</term>
<term>Checkel</term>
<term>Church attendance</term>
<term>Church salaries</term>
<term>Church state payment</term>
<term>Civil partnership bill</term>
<term>Comparative politics</term>
<term>Conduct interviews</term>
<term>Confessional</term>
<term>Confessional heritage</term>
<term>Convergence</term>
<term>Cornell university press</term>
<term>Correlation analysis</term>
<term>Country cases</term>
<term>David cann</term>
<term>Different countries</term>
<term>Different levels</term>
<term>Different models</term>
<term>Direct policy harmonization</term>
<term>Divergence</term>
<term>Divisive issue</term>
<term>Doma</term>
<term>Domestic factors</term>
<term>Domestic groups</term>
<term>Domestic institutions</term>
<term>Domestic level</term>
<term>Domestic policies</term>
<term>Domestic policy</term>
<term>Domestic policy change</term>
<term>Domestic policy debates</term>
<term>Domestic structures</term>
<term>Echr</term>
<term>Equal rights</term>
<term>European convention</term>
<term>European countries</term>
<term>European court</term>
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<term>European institutions</term>
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<term>Finland</term>
<term>Foreign norms</term>
<term>Frame relationship recognition</term>
<term>Frame ssus</term>
<term>Government structures</term>
<term>Grant couples</term>
<term>Grant marriage rights</term>
<term>Great deal</term>
<term>Heterosexual</term>
<term>Heterosexual couples</term>
<term>High levels</term>
<term>High religiosity</term>
<term>Homosexual</term>
<term>Homosexual behavior</term>
<term>Human right</term>
<term>Human rights</term>
<term>Human rights claims</term>
<term>Human rights frame</term>
<term>Human rights frames</term>
<term>Human rights issue</term>
<term>Human rights literature</term>
<term>Human rights norms</term>
<term>Human rights policy</term>
<term>Human rights regime</term>
<term>Human rights treaties</term>
<term>Ilga</term>
<term>Important catalyst</term>
<term>Important role</term>
<term>Industrial democracies</term>
<term>Institutional variables</term>
<term>Instrumental logic</term>
<term>Instrumental tactics</term>
<term>Intergovernmental organizations</term>
<term>International institutions</term>
<term>International lesbian</term>
<term>International norm</term>
<term>International norm legitimacy</term>
<term>International norm reception</term>
<term>International norms</term>
<term>International organizations</term>
<term>International participation rates</term>
<term>International relations</term>
<term>International society</term>
<term>International studies</term>
<term>Interview canadian policymaker</term>
<term>Interview european lgbt organization</term>
<term>Irish parliament</term>
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<term>Kathryn sikkink</term>
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<term>Kelly kollman</term>
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<term>Legal systems</term>
<term>Legitimacy</term>
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<term>Lesbian couples</term>
<term>Lesbian relationships</term>
<term>Lgbt</term>
<term>Lgbt groups</term>
<term>Lgbt organizations</term>
<term>Liberal democracies</term>
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<term>Logical reasons</term>
<term>Love rights</term>
<term>Mark chaves</term>
<term>Marriage laws</term>
<term>Member states</term>
<term>Minkenberg</term>
<term>National courts</term>
<term>National debates</term>
<term>National government</term>
<term>National level</term>
<term>National lgbt groups</term>
<term>National lgbt movements</term>
<term>National lgbt organizations</term>
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<term>Neal tate</term>
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<term>Netherlands belgium canada spain</term>
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<term>Nicholas bamforth</term>
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<term>Nordic</term>
<term>Nordic countries</term>
<term>Nordic region</term>
<term>Norm</term>
<term>Norm cascade</term>
<term>Norm compliance</term>
<term>Norm failure</term>
<term>Norway</term>
<term>Open marriage</term>
<term>Other countries</term>
<term>Other factors</term>
<term>Oxford university press</term>
<term>Partial establishment</term>
<term>Participation rates</term>
<term>Partnership laws</term>
<term>Partnership model</term>
<term>Partnership rights</term>
<term>Partnership scheme</term>
<term>Personal integrity</term>
<term>Policy activists</term>
<term>Policy adoption</term>
<term>Policy convergence</term>
<term>Policy debates</term>
<term>Policy developments</term>
<term>Policy divergence</term>
<term>Policy elites</term>
<term>Policy makers</term>
<term>Policy outcomes</term>
<term>Policy positions</term>
<term>Political impact</term>
<term>Political scientists</term>
<term>Powerful states</term>
<term>Protestant denominations</term>
<term>Public policy</term>
<term>Regional organizations</term>
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<term>Research design</term>
<term>Research question</term>
<term>Research questions</term>
<term>Respondents report</term>
<term>Rights norms</term>
<term>Rights regime</term>
<term>Risse</term>
<term>Ronald inglehart</term>
<term>Secondary role</term>
<term>Several churches</term>
<term>Sexual discrimination</term>
<term>Sexual minorities</term>
<term>Sexual orientation</term>
<term>Sexual orientation discrimination</term>
<term>Sikkink</term>
<term>Similar pattern</term>
<term>Small minority</term>
<term>Social mores</term>
<term>Social platform</term>
<term>Socialization processes</term>
<term>Ssus</term>
<term>State allocation</term>
<term>State appointment</term>
<term>State centralization</term>
<term>State recognition</term>
<term>State socialization</term>
<term>Stephen ropp</term>
<term>Such indicators</term>
<term>Such legislation</term>
<term>Supranational</term>
<term>Supranational institutions</term>
<term>Textual analysis</term>
<term>Thomas risse</term>
<term>Transgovernmental</term>
<term>Transgovernmental networks</term>
<term>Transitioning countries</term>
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<term>Transnational actors</term>
<term>Transnational advocacy networks</term>
<term>Transnational network</term>
<term>Transnational networks</term>
<term>Transnational ngos</term>
<term>Transnational participation</term>
<term>Transnational pressure</term>
<term>Transnational socialization processes</term>
<term>Transnational society</term>
<term>Transnational strategy</term>
<term>Union legislation</term>
<term>Vertical networks</term>
<term>Vertical ties</term>
<term>Western democracies</term>
<term>Western europe</term>
<term>Western societies</term>
<term>Wintemute</term>
<term>World order</term>
<term>York times</term>
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<keywords scheme="Teeft" xml:lang="en"><term>Abortion policies</term>
<term>Activist</term>
<term>Adopter</term>
<term>Adopter countries</term>
<term>Advocacy</term>
<term>Advocacy networks</term>
<term>Alternative explanations</term>
<term>American counterparts</term>
<term>Amsterdam treaty</term>
<term>Anonymous reviewers</term>
<term>Austrian government</term>
<term>Belgium</term>
<term>Better understanding</term>
<term>British broadcasting corporation</term>
<term>Bush administration</term>
<term>Cambridge university press</term>
<term>Case selection</term>
<term>Case studies</term>
<term>Catholic church</term>
<term>Catholic heritage</term>
<term>Checkel</term>
<term>Church attendance</term>
<term>Church salaries</term>
<term>Church state payment</term>
<term>Civil partnership bill</term>
<term>Comparative politics</term>
<term>Conduct interviews</term>
<term>Confessional</term>
<term>Confessional heritage</term>
<term>Convergence</term>
<term>Cornell university press</term>
<term>Correlation analysis</term>
<term>Country cases</term>
<term>David cann</term>
<term>Different countries</term>
<term>Different levels</term>
<term>Different models</term>
<term>Direct policy harmonization</term>
<term>Divergence</term>
<term>Divisive issue</term>
<term>Doma</term>
<term>Domestic factors</term>
<term>Domestic groups</term>
<term>Domestic institutions</term>
<term>Domestic level</term>
<term>Domestic policies</term>
<term>Domestic policy</term>
<term>Domestic policy change</term>
<term>Domestic policy debates</term>
<term>Domestic structures</term>
<term>Echr</term>
<term>Equal rights</term>
<term>European convention</term>
<term>European countries</term>
<term>European court</term>
<term>European governments</term>
<term>European institutions</term>
<term>European level</term>
<term>European lgbt network</term>
<term>Finland</term>
<term>Foreign norms</term>
<term>Frame relationship recognition</term>
<term>Frame ssus</term>
<term>Government structures</term>
<term>Grant couples</term>
<term>Grant marriage rights</term>
<term>Great deal</term>
<term>Heterosexual</term>
<term>Heterosexual couples</term>
<term>High levels</term>
<term>High religiosity</term>
<term>Homosexual</term>
<term>Homosexual behavior</term>
<term>Human right</term>
<term>Human rights</term>
<term>Human rights claims</term>
<term>Human rights frame</term>
<term>Human rights frames</term>
<term>Human rights issue</term>
<term>Human rights literature</term>
<term>Human rights norms</term>
<term>Human rights policy</term>
<term>Human rights regime</term>
<term>Human rights treaties</term>
<term>Ilga</term>
<term>Important catalyst</term>
<term>Important role</term>
<term>Industrial democracies</term>
<term>Institutional variables</term>
<term>Instrumental logic</term>
<term>Instrumental tactics</term>
<term>Intergovernmental organizations</term>
<term>International institutions</term>
<term>International lesbian</term>
<term>International norm</term>
<term>International norm legitimacy</term>
<term>International norm reception</term>
<term>International norms</term>
<term>International organizations</term>
<term>International participation rates</term>
<term>International relations</term>
<term>International society</term>
<term>International studies</term>
<term>Interview canadian policymaker</term>
<term>Interview european lgbt organization</term>
<term>Irish parliament</term>
<term>James davis</term>
<term>Kathryn sikkink</term>
<term>Kelly</term>
<term>Kelly kollman</term>
<term>Kelly kollman table</term>
<term>Kollman</term>
<term>Large number</term>
<term>Legal recognition</term>
<term>Legal systems</term>
<term>Legitimacy</term>
<term>Lesbian</term>
<term>Lesbian couples</term>
<term>Lesbian relationships</term>
<term>Lgbt</term>
<term>Lgbt groups</term>
<term>Lgbt organizations</term>
<term>Liberal democracies</term>
<term>Little evidence</term>
<term>Logical reasons</term>
<term>Love rights</term>
<term>Mark chaves</term>
<term>Marriage laws</term>
<term>Member states</term>
<term>Minkenberg</term>
<term>National courts</term>
<term>National debates</term>
<term>National government</term>
<term>National level</term>
<term>National lgbt groups</term>
<term>National lgbt movements</term>
<term>National lgbt organizations</term>
<term>National security</term>
<term>Neal tate</term>
<term>Netherlands</term>
<term>Netherlands belgium canada spain</term>
<term>Next section</term>
<term>Ngo</term>
<term>Nicholas bamforth</term>
<term>Nonadopter countries</term>
<term>Nordic</term>
<term>Nordic countries</term>
<term>Nordic region</term>
<term>Norm</term>
<term>Norm cascade</term>
<term>Norm compliance</term>
<term>Norm failure</term>
<term>Norway</term>
<term>Open marriage</term>
<term>Other countries</term>
<term>Other factors</term>
<term>Oxford university press</term>
<term>Partial establishment</term>
<term>Participation rates</term>
<term>Partnership laws</term>
<term>Partnership model</term>
<term>Partnership rights</term>
<term>Partnership scheme</term>
<term>Personal integrity</term>
<term>Policy activists</term>
<term>Policy adoption</term>
<term>Policy convergence</term>
<term>Policy debates</term>
<term>Policy developments</term>
<term>Policy divergence</term>
<term>Policy elites</term>
<term>Policy makers</term>
<term>Policy outcomes</term>
<term>Policy positions</term>
<term>Political impact</term>
<term>Political scientists</term>
<term>Powerful states</term>
<term>Protestant denominations</term>
<term>Public policy</term>
<term>Regional organizations</term>
<term>Relationship recognition</term>
<term>Relationship recognition norm</term>
<term>Relationship rights</term>
<term>Religiosity</term>
<term>Religiosity countries</term>
<term>Religious institutions</term>
<term>Religious participation</term>
<term>Religious values</term>
<term>Religious variables</term>
<term>Research design</term>
<term>Research question</term>
<term>Research questions</term>
<term>Respondents report</term>
<term>Rights norms</term>
<term>Rights regime</term>
<term>Risse</term>
<term>Ronald inglehart</term>
<term>Secondary role</term>
<term>Several churches</term>
<term>Sexual discrimination</term>
<term>Sexual minorities</term>
<term>Sexual orientation</term>
<term>Sexual orientation discrimination</term>
<term>Sikkink</term>
<term>Similar pattern</term>
<term>Small minority</term>
<term>Social mores</term>
<term>Social platform</term>
<term>Socialization processes</term>
<term>Ssus</term>
<term>State allocation</term>
<term>State appointment</term>
<term>State centralization</term>
<term>State recognition</term>
<term>State socialization</term>
<term>Stephen ropp</term>
<term>Such indicators</term>
<term>Such legislation</term>
<term>Supranational</term>
<term>Supranational institutions</term>
<term>Textual analysis</term>
<term>Thomas risse</term>
<term>Transgovernmental</term>
<term>Transgovernmental networks</term>
<term>Transitioning countries</term>
<term>Transnational</term>
<term>Transnational actors</term>
<term>Transnational advocacy networks</term>
<term>Transnational network</term>
<term>Transnational networks</term>
<term>Transnational ngos</term>
<term>Transnational participation</term>
<term>Transnational pressure</term>
<term>Transnational socialization processes</term>
<term>Transnational society</term>
<term>Transnational strategy</term>
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<term>Vertical networks</term>
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<abstract>What explains why a majority of western democracies have adopted same‐sex union (SSU) laws in the past decade and a half? I argue that this startling trend toward policy convergence in part can be explained by the rise of a human rights oriented transnational network of lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) activists as well as the transnationally networked policy elites these activists influence. These networks, however, do not fully determine policy outcomes as is evidenced by the fact that not all western democracies legally recognize same‐sex relationships and those that do have adopted different models of SSU laws. To explain these differences, I show how the nature of national religious practices and the perceived legitimacy of international norms by national elites and publics mediate the influence of the transnational networks and the norms they promote.</abstract>
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<profileDesc><abstract xml:lang="en" style="main"><p>What explains why a majority of western democracies have adopted same‐sex union (SSU) laws in the past decade and a half? I argue that this startling trend toward policy convergence in part can be explained by the rise of a human rights oriented transnational network of lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) activists as well as the transnationally networked policy elites these activists influence. These networks, however, do not fully determine policy outcomes as is evidenced by the fact that not all western democracies legally recognize same‐sex relationships and those that do have adopted different models of SSU laws. To explain these differences, I show how the nature of national religious practices and the perceived legitimacy of international norms by national elites and publics mediate the influence of the transnational networks and the norms they promote.</p>
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: I would like to thank Barbara Allen, Terry Casey, Matt Hoffmann, Jutta Joachim, Stefan Oltsch, Rainer Schmalz‐Bruns, and the four anonymous reviewers for constructively commenting on drafts of this paper. My very special gratitude goes to Karen Wright for all of the advice she has offered on this project since its inception. The remaining faults are my own.</p>
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