Toothbrushing, inflammation, and risk of cardiovascular disease: results from Scottish Health Survey
Identifieur interne : 006095 ( Istex/Corpus ); précédent : 006094; suivant : 006096Toothbrushing, inflammation, and risk of cardiovascular disease: results from Scottish Health Survey
Auteurs : Cesar De Oliveira ; Richard Watt ; Mark HamerSource :
- BMJ [ 0959-8138 ] ; 2010.
English descriptors
- KwdEn :
- Acute infections, Arch intern, Behaviour, Blood pressure, Blood samples, Cardiovascular, Cardiovascular disease, Cardiovascular disease event, Cardiovascular disease events, Cardiovascular risk, Clinic blood pressure, Clinic blood pressure reading, Commercial entities, Community dent, Confidence interval, Coronary heart disease, Dental disease, Epidemiological studies, Family history, Fibrinogen, Fibrinogen concentrations, Further multivariate models, General population, Grade inflammation, Hazard ratio, Health behaviour, Heart disease, High prevalence, Hospital admissions, Hygiene, Hypertension, Inflammation, Inflammatory, Inflammatory burden, Inflammatory markers, Information services division, Large scale population studies, Major cause, Multiple adjustments, Myocardial infarction, Oral health, Oral health behaviour, Oral hygiene, Oral infections, Participant, Periodontal, Periodontal disease, Periodontol, Physical activity, Present study, Principal diagnosis, Proportional hazards models, Public health, Reactive, Reactive protein, Regression coefficients, Regression models, Relative risk, Representative sample, Research table, Risk factors, Scottish health survey, Single item self, Socioeconomic group, Specific thirds, Systemic inflammation, Tooth loss, Toothbrushing, Toothbrushing behaviour, Tract infections, Trend model.
- Teeft :
- Acute infections, Arch intern, Behaviour, Blood pressure, Blood samples, Cardiovascular, Cardiovascular disease, Cardiovascular disease event, Cardiovascular disease events, Cardiovascular risk, Clinic blood pressure, Clinic blood pressure reading, Commercial entities, Community dent, Confidence interval, Coronary heart disease, Dental disease, Epidemiological studies, Family history, Fibrinogen, Fibrinogen concentrations, Further multivariate models, General population, Grade inflammation, Hazard ratio, Health behaviour, Heart disease, High prevalence, Hospital admissions, Hygiene, Hypertension, Inflammation, Inflammatory, Inflammatory burden, Inflammatory markers, Information services division, Large scale population studies, Major cause, Multiple adjustments, Myocardial infarction, Oral health, Oral health behaviour, Oral hygiene, Oral infections, Participant, Periodontal, Periodontal disease, Periodontol, Physical activity, Present study, Principal diagnosis, Proportional hazards models, Public health, Reactive, Reactive protein, Regression coefficients, Regression models, Relative risk, Representative sample, Research table, Risk factors, Scottish health survey, Single item self, Socioeconomic group, Specific thirds, Systemic inflammation, Tooth loss, Toothbrushing, Toothbrushing behaviour, Tract infections, Trend model.
Abstract
Objective To examine if self reported toothbrushing behaviour is associated with cardiovascular disease and markers of inflammation (C reactive protein) and coagulation (fibrinogen). Design National population based survey. Setting Scottish Health Survey, which draws a nationally representative sample of the general population living in households in Scotland. Participants 11 869 men and women, mean age 50 (SD 11). Main outcome measures Oral hygiene assessed from self reported frequency of toothbrushing. Surveys were linked prospectively to clinical hospital records, and Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate the risk of cardiovascular disease events or death according to oral hygiene. The association between oral hygiene and inflammatory markers and coagulation was examined in a subsample of participants (n=4830) by using general linear models with adjustments. Results There were a total of 555 cardiovascular disease events over an average of 8.1 (SD 3.4) years of follow-up, of which 170 were fatal. In about 74% (411) of cardiovascular disease events the principal diagnosis was coronary heart disease. Participants who reported poor oral hygiene (never/rarely brushed their teeth) had an increased risk of a cardiovascular disease event (hazard ratio 1.7, 95% confidence interval 1.3 to 2.3; P<0.001) in a fully adjusted model. They also had increased concentrations of both C reactive protein (β 0.04, 0.01 to 0.08) and fibrinogen (0.08, −0.01 to 0.18). Conclusions Poor oral hygiene is associated with higher levels of risk of cardiovascular disease and low grade inflammation, though the causal nature of the association is yet to be determined.
Url:
DOI: 10.1136/bmj.c2451
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ISTEX:C2D7E71887BDBBC327656A283EEDAB37189DC62CLe document en format XML
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Watt</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>E-mail: r.watt@ucl.ac.uk</mods:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><mods:affiliation>E-mail: r.watt@ucl.ac.uk</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hamer, Mark" sort="Hamer, Mark" uniqKey="Hamer M" first="Mark" last="Hamer">Mark Hamer</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>E-mail: r.watt@ucl.ac.uk</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author></analytic><monogr></monogr><series><title level="j">BMJ</title><title level="j" type="abbrev">BMJ</title><idno type="ISSN">0959-8138</idno><idno type="eISSN">1468-5833</idno><imprint><publisher>British Medical Journal Publishing Group</publisher><date type="published" when="2010">2010</date><biblScope unit="volume">340</biblScope></imprint><idno type="ISSN">0959-8138</idno></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc><seriesStmt><idno type="ISSN">0959-8138</idno></seriesStmt></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>Acute infections</term><term>Arch intern</term><term>Behaviour</term><term>Blood pressure</term><term>Blood samples</term><term>Cardiovascular</term><term>Cardiovascular disease</term><term>Cardiovascular disease event</term><term>Cardiovascular disease events</term><term>Cardiovascular risk</term><term>Clinic blood pressure</term><term>Clinic blood pressure reading</term><term>Commercial entities</term><term>Community dent</term><term>Confidence interval</term><term>Coronary heart disease</term><term>Dental disease</term><term>Epidemiological studies</term><term>Family history</term><term>Fibrinogen</term><term>Fibrinogen concentrations</term><term>Further multivariate models</term><term>General population</term><term>Grade inflammation</term><term>Hazard ratio</term><term>Health behaviour</term><term>Heart disease</term><term>High prevalence</term><term>Hospital admissions</term><term>Hygiene</term><term>Hypertension</term><term>Inflammation</term><term>Inflammatory</term><term>Inflammatory burden</term><term>Inflammatory markers</term><term>Information services division</term><term>Large scale population studies</term><term>Major cause</term><term>Multiple adjustments</term><term>Myocardial infarction</term><term>Oral health</term><term>Oral health behaviour</term><term>Oral hygiene</term><term>Oral infections</term><term>Participant</term><term>Periodontal</term><term>Periodontal disease</term><term>Periodontol</term><term>Physical activity</term><term>Present study</term><term>Principal diagnosis</term><term>Proportional hazards models</term><term>Public health</term><term>Reactive</term><term>Reactive protein</term><term>Regression coefficients</term><term>Regression models</term><term>Relative risk</term><term>Representative sample</term><term>Research table</term><term>Risk factors</term><term>Scottish health survey</term><term>Single item self</term><term>Socioeconomic group</term><term>Specific thirds</term><term>Systemic inflammation</term><term>Tooth loss</term><term>Toothbrushing</term><term>Toothbrushing behaviour</term><term>Tract infections</term><term>Trend model</term></keywords><keywords scheme="Teeft" xml:lang="en"><term>Acute infections</term><term>Arch intern</term><term>Behaviour</term><term>Blood pressure</term><term>Blood samples</term><term>Cardiovascular</term><term>Cardiovascular disease</term><term>Cardiovascular disease event</term><term>Cardiovascular disease events</term><term>Cardiovascular risk</term><term>Clinic blood pressure</term><term>Clinic blood pressure reading</term><term>Commercial entities</term><term>Community dent</term><term>Confidence interval</term><term>Coronary heart disease</term><term>Dental disease</term><term>Epidemiological studies</term><term>Family history</term><term>Fibrinogen</term><term>Fibrinogen concentrations</term><term>Further multivariate models</term><term>General population</term><term>Grade inflammation</term><term>Hazard ratio</term><term>Health behaviour</term><term>Heart disease</term><term>High prevalence</term><term>Hospital admissions</term><term>Hygiene</term><term>Hypertension</term><term>Inflammation</term><term>Inflammatory</term><term>Inflammatory burden</term><term>Inflammatory markers</term><term>Information services division</term><term>Large scale population studies</term><term>Major cause</term><term>Multiple adjustments</term><term>Myocardial infarction</term><term>Oral health</term><term>Oral health behaviour</term><term>Oral hygiene</term><term>Oral infections</term><term>Participant</term><term>Periodontal</term><term>Periodontal disease</term><term>Periodontol</term><term>Physical activity</term><term>Present study</term><term>Principal diagnosis</term><term>Proportional hazards models</term><term>Public health</term><term>Reactive</term><term>Reactive protein</term><term>Regression coefficients</term><term>Regression models</term><term>Relative risk</term><term>Representative sample</term><term>Research table</term><term>Risk factors</term><term>Scottish health survey</term><term>Single item self</term><term>Socioeconomic group</term><term>Specific thirds</term><term>Systemic inflammation</term><term>Tooth loss</term><term>Toothbrushing</term><term>Toothbrushing behaviour</term><term>Tract infections</term><term>Trend model</term></keywords></textClass><langUsage><language ident="en">en</language></langUsage></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract">Objective To examine if self reported toothbrushing behaviour is associated with cardiovascular disease and markers of inflammation (C reactive protein) and coagulation (fibrinogen). Design National population based survey. Setting Scottish Health Survey, which draws a nationally representative sample of the general population living in households in Scotland. Participants 11 869 men and women, mean age 50 (SD 11). Main outcome measures Oral hygiene assessed from self reported frequency of toothbrushing. Surveys were linked prospectively to clinical hospital records, and Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate the risk of cardiovascular disease events or death according to oral hygiene. The association between oral hygiene and inflammatory markers and coagulation was examined in a subsample of participants (n=4830) by using general linear models with adjustments. Results There were a total of 555 cardiovascular disease events over an average of 8.1 (SD 3.4) years of follow-up, of which 170 were fatal. In about 74% (411) of cardiovascular disease events the principal diagnosis was coronary heart disease. Participants who reported poor oral hygiene (never/rarely brushed their teeth) had an increased risk of a cardiovascular disease event (hazard ratio 1.7, 95% confidence interval 1.3 to 2.3; P<0.001) in a fully adjusted model. They also had increased concentrations of both C reactive protein (β 0.04, 0.01 to 0.08) and fibrinogen (0.08, −0.01 to 0.18). Conclusions Poor oral hygiene is associated with higher levels of risk of cardiovascular disease and low grade inflammation, though the causal nature of the association is yet to be determined.</div></front></TEI><istex><corpusName>bmj</corpusName><keywords><teeft><json:string>cardiovascular disease</json:string><json:string>periodontal</json:string><json:string>cardiovascular</json:string><json:string>toothbrushing</json:string><json:string>periodontal disease</json:string><json:string>reactive</json:string><json:string>reactive protein</json:string><json:string>fibrinogen</json:string><json:string>cardiovascular disease events</json:string><json:string>hypertension</json:string><json:string>oral hygiene</json:string><json:string>oral health</json:string><json:string>coronary heart disease</json:string><json:string>inflammatory</json:string><json:string>inflammation</json:string><json:string>periodontol</json:string><json:string>family history</json:string><json:string>socioeconomic group</json:string><json:string>hazard ratio</json:string><json:string>inflammatory markers</json:string><json:string>scottish health survey</json:string><json:string>physical activity</json:string><json:string>oral health behaviour</json:string><json:string>cardiovascular disease event</json:string><json:string>hospital admissions</json:string><json:string>general population</json:string><json:string>dental disease</json:string><json:string>grade inflammation</json:string><json:string>clinic blood pressure</json:string><json:string>oral infections</json:string><json:string>acute infections</json:string><json:string>risk factors</json:string><json:string>high prevalence</json:string><json:string>information services division</json:string><json:string>toothbrushing behaviour</json:string><json:string>hygiene</json:string><json:string>participant</json:string><json:string>behaviour</json:string><json:string>single item self</json:string><json:string>research table</json:string><json:string>principal diagnosis</json:string><json:string>community dent</json:string><json:string>public health</json:string><json:string>clinic blood pressure reading</json:string><json:string>representative sample</json:string><json:string>specific thirds</json:string><json:string>major cause</json:string><json:string>blood pressure</json:string><json:string>blood samples</json:string><json:string>present study</json:string><json:string>systemic inflammation</json:string><json:string>inflammatory burden</json:string><json:string>cardiovascular risk</json:string><json:string>myocardial infarction</json:string><json:string>further multivariate models</json:string><json:string>fibrinogen concentrations</json:string><json:string>tract infections</json:string><json:string>confidence interval</json:string><json:string>regression models</json:string><json:string>multiple adjustments</json:string><json:string>trend model</json:string><json:string>proportional hazards models</json:string><json:string>tooth loss</json:string><json:string>heart disease</json:string><json:string>relative risk</json:string><json:string>regression coefficients</json:string><json:string>health behaviour</json:string><json:string>commercial entities</json:string><json:string>large scale population studies</json:string><json:string>arch intern</json:string><json:string>epidemiological studies</json:string></teeft></keywords><author><json:item><name>Cesar de Oliveira</name><affiliations><json:string>E-mail: r.watt@ucl.ac.uk</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Richard Watt</name><affiliations><json:string>E-mail: r.watt@ucl.ac.uk</json:string><json:string>E-mail: r.watt@ucl.ac.uk</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Mark Hamer</name><affiliations><json:string>E-mail: r.watt@ucl.ac.uk</json:string></affiliations></json:item></author><articleId><json:string>deoc699769</json:string></articleId><arkIstex>ark:/67375/NVC-FQ4LSM81-F</arkIstex><language><json:string>eng</json:string></language><originalGenre><json:string>research-article</json:string></originalGenre><abstract>Objective To examine if self reported toothbrushing behaviour is associated with cardiovascular disease and markers of inflammation (C reactive protein) and coagulation (fibrinogen). Design National population based survey. Setting Scottish Health Survey, which draws a nationally representative sample of the general population living in households in Scotland. Participants 11 869 men and women, mean age 50 (SD 11). Main outcome measures Oral hygiene assessed from self reported frequency of toothbrushing. Surveys were linked prospectively to clinical hospital records, and Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate the risk of cardiovascular disease events or death according to oral hygiene. The association between oral hygiene and inflammatory markers and coagulation was examined in a subsample of participants (n=4830) by using general linear models with adjustments. Results There were a total of 555 cardiovascular disease events over an average of 8.1 (SD 3.4) years of follow-up, of which 170 were fatal. In about 74% (411) of cardiovascular disease events the principal diagnosis was coronary heart disease. Participants who reported poor oral hygiene (never/rarely brushed their teeth) had an increased risk of a cardiovascular disease event (hazard ratio 1.7, 95% confidence interval 1.3 to 2.3; P>0.001) in a fully adjusted model. They also had increased concentrations of both C reactive protein (β 0.04, 0.01 to 0.08) and fibrinogen (0.08, −0.01 to 0.18). Conclusions Poor oral hygiene is associated with higher levels of risk of cardiovascular disease and low grade inflammation, though the causal nature of the association is yet to be determined.</abstract><qualityIndicators><score>9.136</score><pdfWordCount>4160</pdfWordCount><pdfCharCount>28365</pdfCharCount><pdfVersion>1.6</pdfVersion><pdfPageCount>6</pdfPageCount><pdfPageSize>595 x 794 pts</pdfPageSize><refBibsNative>true</refBibsNative><abstractWordCount>248</abstractWordCount><abstractCharCount>1681</abstractCharCount><keywordCount>0</keywordCount></qualityIndicators><title>Toothbrushing, inflammation, and risk of cardiovascular disease: results from Scottish Health Survey</title><pmid><json:string>20508025</json:string></pmid><genre><json:string>research-article</json:string></genre><host><title>BMJ</title><language><json:string>unknown</json:string></language><issn><json:string>0959-8138</json:string></issn><eissn><json:string>1468-5833</json:string></eissn><publisherId><json:string>bmj</json:string></publisherId><volume>340</volume><genre><json:string>journal</json:string></genre><subject><json:item><value>Health policy</value></json:item><json:item><value>Immunology (including allergy)</value></json:item><json:item><value>Drugs: cardiovascular system</value></json:item><json:item><value>Ischaemic heart disease</value></json:item><json:item><value>Inflammation</value></json:item><json:item><value>Dentistry and oral medicine</value></json:item><json:item><value>Health service research</value></json:item></subject></host><namedEntities><unitex><date><json:string>1995, 1998, and 2003</json:string><json:string>2007</json:string><json:string>23S</json:string><json:string>in the 21st century</json:string><json:string>4830</json:string></date><geogName></geogName><orgName><json:string>Department of Epidemiology and Public Health</json:string><json:string>British Heart Foundation</json:string><json:string>National Institute of Aging/National Institute of Health and British government departments</json:string><json:string>National Health and Nutritional Examination</json:string><json:string>NHS National Services Scotland</json:string><json:string>RESEARCH Table</json:string><json:string>UK Data Archive</json:string><json:string>World Health Organization</json:string></orgName><orgName_funder></orgName_funder><orgName_provider></orgName_provider><persName><json:string>Ann Periodontol</json:string><json:string>Periodontal</json:string><json:string>S. Relationship</json:string><json:string>A. Inflammation</json:string><json:string>Mark Hamer</json:string><json:string>Self</json:string><json:string>Richard Watt</json:string><json:string>U. Elevation</json:string></persName><placeName><json:string>Pankow</json:string><json:string>United States</json:string><json:string>US</json:string><json:string>Edinburgh</json:string></placeName><ref_url></ref_url><ref_bibl><json:string>Beck et al</json:string><json:string>DeStefano et al</json:string><json:string>Bahekar et al</json:string></ref_bibl><bibl></bibl></unitex></namedEntities><ark><json:string>ark:/67375/NVC-FQ4LSM81-F</json:string></ark><categories><wos></wos><scienceMetrix><json:string>1 - health sciences</json:string><json:string>2 - clinical medicine</json:string><json:string>3 - general & internal medicine</json:string></scienceMetrix><scopus><json:string>1 - Health Sciences</json:string><json:string>2 - Medicine</json:string><json:string>3 - General Medicine</json:string></scopus><inist><json:string>1 - sciences appliquees, technologies et medecines</json:string><json:string>2 - sciences biologiques et medicales</json:string><json:string>3 - sciences medicales</json:string><json:string>4 - otorhinolaryngologie. stomatologie</json:string></inist></categories><publicationDate>2010</publicationDate><copyrightDate>2010</copyrightDate><doi><json:string>10.1136/bmj.c2451</json:string></doi><id>C2D7E71887BDBBC327656A283EEDAB37189DC62C</id><score>1</score><fulltext><json:item><extension>pdf</extension><original>true</original><mimetype>application/pdf</mimetype><uri>https://api.istex.fr/document/C2D7E71887BDBBC327656A283EEDAB37189DC62C/fulltext/pdf</uri></json:item><json:item><extension>zip</extension><original>false</original><mimetype>application/zip</mimetype><uri>https://api.istex.fr/document/C2D7E71887BDBBC327656A283EEDAB37189DC62C/fulltext/zip</uri></json:item><istex:fulltextTEI uri="https://api.istex.fr/document/C2D7E71887BDBBC327656A283EEDAB37189DC62C/fulltext/tei"><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title level="a">Toothbrushing, inflammation, and risk of cardiovascular disease: results from Scottish Health Survey</title></titleStmt><publicationStmt><authority>ISTEX</authority><publisher scheme="https://publisher-list.data.istex.fr">British Medical Journal Publishing Group</publisher><availability status="free"><p>Open Access</p></availability><date>2010-05-27</date></publicationStmt><notesStmt><note type="research-article" scheme="https://content-type.data.istex.fr/ark:/67375/XTP-1JC4F85T-7">research-article</note><note type="journal" scheme="https://publication-type.data.istex.fr/ark:/67375/JMC-0GLKJH51-B">journal</note></notesStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct type="inbook"><analytic><title level="a">Toothbrushing, inflammation, and risk of cardiovascular disease: results from Scottish Health Survey</title><author xml:id="author-0000"><persName><forename type="first">Cesar</forename><surname>de Oliveira</surname></persName><email>r.watt@ucl.ac.uk</email><note type="biography">research fellow in epidemiology and public health</note><note type="correspondence"><p>Correspondence to: R Watt</p></note><affiliation>research fellow in epidemiology and public health</affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-0001" corresp="yes"><persName><forename type="first">Richard</forename><surname>Watt</surname></persName><email>r.watt@ucl.ac.uk</email><email>r.watt@ucl.ac.uk</email><note type="biography">professor and honorary consultant in dental public health</note><note type="correspondence"><p>Correspondence to: R Watt</p></note><affiliation>professor and honorary consultant in dental public health</affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-0002"><persName><forename type="first">Mark</forename><surname>Hamer</surname></persName><email>r.watt@ucl.ac.uk</email><note type="biography">senior research fellow in epidemiology and public health</note><note type="correspondence"><p>Correspondence to: R Watt</p></note><affiliation>senior research fellow in epidemiology and public health</affiliation></author><idno type="istex">C2D7E71887BDBBC327656A283EEDAB37189DC62C</idno><idno type="ark">ark:/67375/NVC-FQ4LSM81-F</idno><idno type="DOI">10.1136/bmj.c2451</idno><idno type="href">bmj-340-bmj-c2451.pdf</idno><idno type="article-id">deoc699769</idno><idno type="PMID">20508025</idno><idno type="local">bmj;340/may27_1/c2451</idno></analytic><monogr><title level="j">BMJ</title><title level="j" type="abbrev">BMJ</title><idno type="pISSN">0959-8138</idno><idno type="eISSN">1468-5833</idno><idno type="publisher-id">bmj</idno><idno type="PublisherID-hwp">bmj</idno><idno type="PublisherID-nlm-ta">BMJ</idno><imprint><publisher>British Medical Journal Publishing Group</publisher><date type="published" when="2010"></date><biblScope unit="volume">340</biblScope></imprint></monogr></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><creation><date>2010-05-27</date></creation><langUsage><language ident="en">en</language></langUsage><abstract><p>Objective To examine if self reported toothbrushing behaviour is associated with cardiovascular disease and markers of inflammation (C reactive protein) and coagulation (fibrinogen). Design National population based survey. Setting Scottish Health Survey, which draws a nationally representative sample of the general population living in households in Scotland. Participants 11 869 men and women, mean age 50 (SD 11). Main outcome measures Oral hygiene assessed from self reported frequency of toothbrushing. Surveys were linked prospectively to clinical hospital records, and Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate the risk of cardiovascular disease events or death according to oral hygiene. The association between oral hygiene and inflammatory markers and coagulation was examined in a subsample of participants (n=4830) by using general linear models with adjustments. Results There were a total of 555 cardiovascular disease events over an average of 8.1 (SD 3.4) years of follow-up, of which 170 were fatal. In about 74% (411) of cardiovascular disease events the principal diagnosis was coronary heart disease. Participants who reported poor oral hygiene (never/rarely brushed their teeth) had an increased risk of a cardiovascular disease event (hazard ratio 1.7, 95% confidence interval 1.3 to 2.3; P<0.001) in a fully adjusted model. They also had increased concentrations of both C reactive protein (β 0.04, 0.01 to 0.08) and fibrinogen (0.08, −0.01 to 0.18). Conclusions Poor oral hygiene is associated with higher levels of risk of cardiovascular disease and low grade inflammation, though the causal nature of the association is yet to be determined.</p></abstract><textClass><keywords scheme="Journal Subject"><list><head>hwp-journal-coll</head><item><term>Health policy</term></item></list></keywords></textClass><textClass><keywords scheme="Journal Subject"><list><head>hwp-journal-coll</head><item><term>Immunology (including allergy)</term></item></list></keywords></textClass><textClass><keywords scheme="Journal Subject"><list><head>hwp-journal-coll</head><item><term>Drugs: cardiovascular system</term></item></list></keywords></textClass><textClass><keywords scheme="Journal Subject"><list><head>hwp-journal-coll</head><item><term>Ischaemic heart disease</term></item></list></keywords></textClass><textClass><keywords scheme="Journal Subject"><list><head>hwp-journal-coll</head><item><term>Inflammation</term></item></list></keywords></textClass><textClass><keywords scheme="Journal Subject"><list><head>hwp-journal-coll</head><item><term>Dentistry and oral medicine</term></item></list></keywords></textClass><textClass><keywords scheme="Journal Subject"><list><head>hwp-journal-coll</head><item><term>Health service research</term></item></list></keywords></textClass></profileDesc><revisionDesc><change when="2010-05-27">Created</change><change when="2010">Published</change></revisionDesc></teiHeader></istex:fulltextTEI><json:item><extension>txt</extension><original>false</original><mimetype>text/plain</mimetype><uri>https://api.istex.fr/document/C2D7E71887BDBBC327656A283EEDAB37189DC62C/fulltext/txt</uri></json:item></fulltext><metadata><istex:metadataXml wicri:clean="corpus bmj" wicri:toSee="no header"><istex:xmlDeclaration>version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="no"</istex:xmlDeclaration><istex:docType PUBLIC="-//NLM//DTD Journal Archiving and Interchange DTD v2.3 20070202//EN" URI="archivearticle.dtd" name="istex:docType"></istex:docType><istex:document><article article-type="research-article"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="hwp">bmj</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">BMJ</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">bmj</journal-id><journal-title>BMJ</journal-title><abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">BMJ</abbrev-journal-title><issn pub-type="ppub">0959-8138</issn><issn pub-type="epub">1468-5833</issn><publisher><publisher-name>British Medical Journal Publishing Group</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">deoc699769</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1136/bmj.c2451</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="other">bmj;340/may27_1/c2451</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="other">bmj;bmj.c2451</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="other">may27_1</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">20508025</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="other">bmj.c2451</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="other">bmj.c2451</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="hwp-journal-coll"><subject>Health policy</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="hwp-journal-coll"><subject>Immunology (including allergy)</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="hwp-journal-coll"><subject>Drugs: cardiovascular system</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="hwp-journal-coll"><subject>Ischaemic heart disease</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="hwp-journal-coll"><subject>Inflammation</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="hwp-journal-coll"><subject>Dentistry and oral medicine</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="hwp-journal-coll"><subject>Health service research</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Toothbrushing, inflammation, and risk of cardiovascular disease: results from Scottish Health Survey</article-title></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="no"><name><surname>de Oliveira</surname><given-names>Cesar</given-names></name><role>research fellow in epidemiology and public health</role></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name><surname>Watt</surname><given-names>Richard</given-names></name><role>professor and honorary consultant in dental public health</role></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="no"><name><surname>Hamer</surname><given-names>Mark</given-names></name><role>senior research fellow in epidemiology and public health</role></contrib><aff id="aff1"><label>1</label>Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London WC1E 6BT</aff></contrib-group><author-notes><corresp>Correspondence to: R Watt <email>r.watt@ucl.ac.uk</email></corresp></author-notes><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2010</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="ppub"><year>2010</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub-original"><year>2010</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>27</day><month>5</month><year>2010</year></pub-date><volume>340</volume><volume-id pub-id-type="other">340</volume-id><volume-id pub-id-type="other">340</volume-id><elocation-id>c2451</elocation-id><history><date date-type="accepted"><day>12</day><month>April</month><year>2010</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement>© de Oliveira et al 2010</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2010</copyright-year><copyright-holder>de Oliveira et al</copyright-holder><license license-type="open-access"><p>This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-commercial License, which permits use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, the use is non commercial and is otherwise in compliance with the license. See: <ext-link xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/2.0/" ext-link-type="uri">http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/2.0/</ext-link> and <ext-link xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/2.0/legalcode" ext-link-type="uri">http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/2.0/legalcode</ext-link>.</p></license></permissions><self-uri content-type="pdf" xlink:role="full-text" xlink:href="bmj-340-bmj-c2451.pdf"></self-uri><abstract><p><bold>Objective</bold> To examine if self reported toothbrushing behaviour is associated with cardiovascular disease and markers of inflammation (C reactive protein) and coagulation (fibrinogen).</p><p><bold>Design</bold> National population based survey.</p><p><bold>Setting</bold> Scottish Health Survey, which draws a nationally representative sample of the general population living in households in Scotland.</p><p><bold>Participants</bold> 11 869 men and women, mean age 50 (SD 11).</p><p><bold>Main outcome measures</bold> Oral hygiene assessed from self reported frequency of toothbrushing. Surveys were linked prospectively to clinical hospital records, and Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate the risk of cardiovascular disease events or death according to oral hygiene. The association between oral hygiene and inflammatory markers and coagulation was examined in a subsample of participants (n=4830) by using general linear models with adjustments.</p><p><bold>Results</bold> There were a total of 555 cardiovascular disease events over an average of 8.1 (SD 3.4) years of follow-up, of which 170 were fatal. In about 74% (411) of cardiovascular disease events the principal diagnosis was coronary heart disease. Participants who reported poor oral hygiene (never/rarely brushed their teeth) had an increased risk of a cardiovascular disease event (hazard ratio 1.7, 95% confidence interval 1.3 to 2.3; P<0.001) in a fully adjusted model. They also had increased concentrations of both C reactive protein (β 0.04, 0.01 to 0.08) and fibrinogen (0.08, −0.01 to 0.18).</p><p><bold>Conclusions</bold> Poor oral hygiene is associated with higher levels of risk of cardiovascular disease and low grade inflammation, though the causal nature of the association is yet to be determined.</p></abstract></article-meta></front></article></istex:document></istex:metadataXml><mods version="3.6"><titleInfo><title>Toothbrushing, inflammation, and risk of cardiovascular disease: results from Scottish Health Survey</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="alternative" contentType="CDATA"><title>Toothbrushing, inflammation, and risk of cardiovascular disease: results from Scottish Health Survey</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Cesar</namePart><namePart type="family">de Oliveira</namePart><affiliation>E-mail: r.watt@ucl.ac.uk</affiliation><description>Correspondence to: R Watt</description><description>research fellow in epidemiology and public health</description><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal" displayLabel="corresp"><namePart type="given">Richard</namePart><namePart type="family">Watt</namePart><affiliation>E-mail: r.watt@ucl.ac.uk</affiliation><affiliation>E-mail: r.watt@ucl.ac.uk</affiliation><description>Correspondence to: R Watt</description><description>professor and honorary consultant in dental public health</description><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Mark</namePart><namePart type="family">Hamer</namePart><affiliation>E-mail: r.watt@ucl.ac.uk</affiliation><description>Correspondence to: R Watt</description><description>senior research fellow in epidemiology and public health</description><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><typeOfResource>text</typeOfResource><genre type="research-article" displayLabel="research-article" authority="ISTEX" authorityURI="https://content-type.data.istex.fr" valueURI="https://content-type.data.istex.fr/ark:/67375/XTP-1JC4F85T-7">research-article</genre><originInfo><publisher>British Medical Journal Publishing Group</publisher><dateIssued encoding="w3cdtf">2010</dateIssued><dateCreated encoding="w3cdtf">2010-05-27</dateCreated><copyrightDate encoding="w3cdtf">2010</copyrightDate></originInfo><language><languageTerm type="code" authority="iso639-2b">eng</languageTerm><languageTerm type="code" authority="rfc3066">en</languageTerm></language><abstract>Objective To examine if self reported toothbrushing behaviour is associated with cardiovascular disease and markers of inflammation (C reactive protein) and coagulation (fibrinogen). Design National population based survey. Setting Scottish Health Survey, which draws a nationally representative sample of the general population living in households in Scotland. Participants 11 869 men and women, mean age 50 (SD 11). Main outcome measures Oral hygiene assessed from self reported frequency of toothbrushing. Surveys were linked prospectively to clinical hospital records, and Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate the risk of cardiovascular disease events or death according to oral hygiene. The association between oral hygiene and inflammatory markers and coagulation was examined in a subsample of participants (n=4830) by using general linear models with adjustments. Results There were a total of 555 cardiovascular disease events over an average of 8.1 (SD 3.4) years of follow-up, of which 170 were fatal. In about 74% (411) of cardiovascular disease events the principal diagnosis was coronary heart disease. Participants who reported poor oral hygiene (never/rarely brushed their teeth) had an increased risk of a cardiovascular disease event (hazard ratio 1.7, 95% confidence interval 1.3 to 2.3; P<0.001) in a fully adjusted model. They also had increased concentrations of both C reactive protein (β 0.04, 0.01 to 0.08) and fibrinogen (0.08, −0.01 to 0.18). Conclusions Poor oral hygiene is associated with higher levels of risk of cardiovascular disease and low grade inflammation, though the causal nature of the association is yet to be determined.</abstract><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>BMJ</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="abbreviated"><title>BMJ</title></titleInfo><genre type="journal" authority="ISTEX" authorityURI="https://publication-type.data.istex.fr" valueURI="https://publication-type.data.istex.fr/ark:/67375/JMC-0GLKJH51-B">journal</genre><subject><genre>hwp-journal-coll</genre><topic>Health policy</topic></subject><subject><genre>hwp-journal-coll</genre><topic>Immunology (including allergy)</topic></subject><subject><genre>hwp-journal-coll</genre><topic>Drugs: cardiovascular system</topic></subject><subject><genre>hwp-journal-coll</genre><topic>Ischaemic heart disease</topic></subject><subject><genre>hwp-journal-coll</genre><topic>Inflammation</topic></subject><subject><genre>hwp-journal-coll</genre><topic>Dentistry and oral medicine</topic></subject><subject><genre>hwp-journal-coll</genre><topic>Health service research</topic></subject><identifier type="ISSN">0959-8138</identifier><identifier type="eISSN">1468-5833</identifier><identifier type="PublisherID">bmj</identifier><identifier type="PublisherID-hwp">bmj</identifier><identifier type="PublisherID-nlm-ta">BMJ</identifier><part><date>2010</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>340</number></detail></part></relatedItem><identifier type="istex">C2D7E71887BDBBC327656A283EEDAB37189DC62C</identifier><identifier type="ark">ark:/67375/NVC-FQ4LSM81-F</identifier><identifier type="DOI">10.1136/bmj.c2451</identifier><identifier type="href">bmj-340-bmj-c2451.pdf</identifier><identifier type="ArticleID">deoc699769</identifier><identifier type="PMID">20508025</identifier><identifier type="local">bmj;340/may27_1/c2451</identifier><accessCondition type="use and reproduction" contentType="open-access">This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-commercial License, which permits use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, the use is non commercial and is otherwise in compliance with the license. See: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/2.0/ and http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/2.0/legalcode.</accessCondition><recordInfo><recordContentSource authority="ISTEX" authorityURI="https://loaded-corpus.data.istex.fr" valueURI="https://loaded-corpus.data.istex.fr/ark:/67375/XBH-7M42M2QJ-2">bmj</recordContentSource><recordOrigin>© de Oliveira et al 2010</recordOrigin></recordInfo></mods><json:item><extension>json</extension><original>false</original><mimetype>application/json</mimetype><uri>https://api.istex.fr/document/C2D7E71887BDBBC327656A283EEDAB37189DC62C/metadata/json</uri></json:item></metadata><serie></serie></istex></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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