Sedimentology and taphonomy of the Oldman Formation (Campanian), Dinosaur Provincial Park, Alberta (Canada)
Identifieur interne : 004F55 ( Istex/Corpus ); précédent : 004F54; suivant : 004F56Sedimentology and taphonomy of the Oldman Formation (Campanian), Dinosaur Provincial Park, Alberta (Canada)
Auteurs : Peter DodsonSource :
- Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology [ 0031-0182 ] ; 1971.
English descriptors
- KwdEn :
- Alberta, American museum, Argillaceous laminae, Argillaceous sediments, Armoured dinosaur, Autochthonous tree stumps, Bank collapse, Basal, Beaufort series, Belly river, Belly river beds, Belly river formation, Bone fragments, Bones class, Braided, Braided channels, Braided stream, Campanian, Catalogue sternberg, Caudal vertebrae, Centrosaurus, Ceratopsian, Certain dinosaurs, Channel, Channel backwaters, Channel base environments, Channel bottom, Channel channel, Channel deposits, Channel environment, Channel form, Channel lithotopes, Channel matthew, Channel parks, Channel sand, Channel sandstones, Channel sediments, Channel sternberg, Channel transport, Chasmosaurus belli, Clay balls, Clay base, Clay pebbles, Clay sternberg, Clayballs, Claystone, Clean sandstones, Complete class, Complete skeleton, Complete skeletons, Complete specimens, Conglomerate, Corythosaurus, Corythosaurus casuarius, Corythosaurus excavatus, Corythosaurus intermedius, Cretaceous, Current activity, Decompositional, Decompositional classes, Deer river, Deposit, Deposit channel, Desiccation cracks, Dinosaur, Disarticulated, Diverse salamanders, Dodson, Dorsal vertebrae, Efremov, Energy channel sternberg, Energy channels, Energy conditions, Erosional surface, Fauna, Field evidence, Field notes, Field work, Fieldiana geol, Fine sediments, Flood basin, Floodplain, Floodplain deposits, Floodplain sediments, Fluvial transport, Foothill, Forelimb, Fossil, Fossil beds, Fossil record, Fossil vertebrates, Freshwater conditions, Further stage, General paleontology, Geol, Geological phenomena, Geological survey, Gorgosaurus, Great importance, Hadrosaur, Hadrosaurian dinosaurs, Head class, High degree, Hind legs, Hooded, Hooded hadrosaur, Ilium, Interface, Intraformational conglomerates, Jaws class, Juvenile dinosaurs, Juvenile hadrosaur, Lambeosaurus, Lamina, Lance formation, Late cretaceous, Late permian, Lerbekmo, Levee, Levee deposit, Levee deposits, Levi sternberg, Limb bones, Lithology, Lower jaws, Lull, Many factors, Marine bearpaw formation, Modern analogy, Mudstone, Mudstones, Museum novitates, National museum, Natural history, Oldman, Oldman formation, Oldman streams, Ontario museum life, Overbank, Overbank deposits, Palaeoclimatol, Palaeoecol, Palaeogeography, Paleontology, Panoplosaurus mirus, Partial skeleton, Pebble, Pelvis, Personal communication, Petrol, Photo courtesy, Plant matter, Preservation class, Prosaurolophus maximus, Quarries sandstone, Quarry, Quarry fossils quar, Quarry lithology, Quiet conditions, Quiet water, Rib, Rootlet, Royal ontario museum, Sandstone, Scapula, Sediment, Sedimentary conditions, Sedimentology, Several localities, Significant portions, Silt, Siltstone, Silty, Silty clay, Silty layers, Skeletal materials, Skeleton, Skeleton class, Skeleton skull, Skull, Slow currents, Small bones, Solitary sets, Source area, Southern alberta, Standard deviation, Sternberg, Stratigraphic, Stratigraphic interval, Strong tendency, Subaerial exposure, Subaqueous exposure, Subtropical, Subtropical climate, Such plants, Such sediments, Such specimens, Taphonomic, Taphonomy, Temperature control, Terrestrial habitus, Tibia, Topstratum deposits, Toronto studies, Trachodont dinosaur, Tropical climate, Univ, Unpublished field notes, Upper cretaceous, Vertebra, Vertebral column, Vertebrate, Vertebrate paleontology, Wentworth scale, Western canada.
- Teeft :
- Alberta, American museum, Argillaceous laminae, Argillaceous sediments, Armoured dinosaur, Autochthonous tree stumps, Bank collapse, Basal, Beaufort series, Belly river, Belly river beds, Belly river formation, Bone fragments, Bones class, Braided, Braided channels, Braided stream, Campanian, Catalogue sternberg, Caudal vertebrae, Centrosaurus, Ceratopsian, Certain dinosaurs, Channel, Channel backwaters, Channel base environments, Channel bottom, Channel channel, Channel deposits, Channel environment, Channel form, Channel lithotopes, Channel matthew, Channel parks, Channel sand, Channel sandstones, Channel sediments, Channel sternberg, Channel transport, Chasmosaurus belli, Clay balls, Clay base, Clay pebbles, Clay sternberg, Clayballs, Claystone, Clean sandstones, Complete class, Complete skeleton, Complete skeletons, Complete specimens, Conglomerate, Corythosaurus, Corythosaurus casuarius, Corythosaurus excavatus, Corythosaurus intermedius, Cretaceous, Current activity, Decompositional, Decompositional classes, Deer river, Deposit, Deposit channel, Desiccation cracks, Dinosaur, Disarticulated, Diverse salamanders, Dodson, Dorsal vertebrae, Efremov, Energy channel sternberg, Energy channels, Energy conditions, Erosional surface, Fauna, Field evidence, Field notes, Field work, Fieldiana geol, Fine sediments, Flood basin, Floodplain, Floodplain deposits, Floodplain sediments, Fluvial transport, Foothill, Forelimb, Fossil, Fossil beds, Fossil record, Fossil vertebrates, Freshwater conditions, Further stage, General paleontology, Geol, Geological phenomena, Geological survey, Gorgosaurus, Great importance, Hadrosaur, Hadrosaurian dinosaurs, Head class, High degree, Hind legs, Hooded, Hooded hadrosaur, Ilium, Interface, Intraformational conglomerates, Jaws class, Juvenile dinosaurs, Juvenile hadrosaur, Lambeosaurus, Lamina, Lance formation, Late cretaceous, Late permian, Lerbekmo, Levee, Levee deposit, Levee deposits, Levi sternberg, Limb bones, Lithology, Lower jaws, Lull, Many factors, Marine bearpaw formation, Modern analogy, Mudstone, Mudstones, Museum novitates, National museum, Natural history, Oldman, Oldman formation, Oldman streams, Ontario museum life, Overbank, Overbank deposits, Palaeoclimatol, Palaeoecol, Palaeogeography, Paleontology, Panoplosaurus mirus, Partial skeleton, Pebble, Pelvis, Personal communication, Petrol, Photo courtesy, Plant matter, Preservation class, Prosaurolophus maximus, Quarries sandstone, Quarry, Quarry fossils quar, Quarry lithology, Quiet conditions, Quiet water, Rib, Rootlet, Royal ontario museum, Sandstone, Scapula, Sediment, Sedimentary conditions, Sedimentology, Several localities, Significant portions, Silt, Siltstone, Silty, Silty clay, Silty layers, Skeletal materials, Skeleton, Skeleton class, Skeleton skull, Skull, Slow currents, Small bones, Solitary sets, Source area, Southern alberta, Standard deviation, Sternberg, Stratigraphic, Stratigraphic interval, Strong tendency, Subaerial exposure, Subaqueous exposure, Subtropical, Subtropical climate, Such plants, Such sediments, Such specimens, Taphonomic, Taphonomy, Temperature control, Terrestrial habitus, Tibia, Topstratum deposits, Toronto studies, Trachodont dinosaur, Tropical climate, Univ, Unpublished field notes, Upper cretaceous, Vertebra, Vertebral column, Vertebrate, Vertebrate paleontology, Wentworth scale, Western canada.
Abstract
Abstract: Sediments of the Upper Cretaceous (Campanian) Oldman Formation at Dinosaur Provincial Park, Alberta, have yielded an exceedingly rich fauna of dinosaurs. These fluviatile sediments show characteristics of both meandering and braided channels. Fossil molluscs, plants, and diverse salamanders indicate that Oldman sediments were deposited in fresh water, and the very sparse agglutinated Foraminifera recovered fail to controvert this conclusion. Annual growth rings in wood and vertebrate of Champsosaurus demonstrate that the climate was seasonal, and current botanic interpretations suggest that the climate was an equable, warm temperate one. Dinosaurian remains represent all stages of disarticulation from complete skeletons to isolated bones. They are common in channel sediments and rare in overbank deposits, suggesting that the animals preserved died in the water of channels. The persistence of the characteristics sedimentary association of fossils over a 200 ft. stratigraphic interval demonstrates that regular, not catastrophic events determined the preservation of individuals. Stages of progressive decomposition of dinosaurs are inferred from the condition of fossils collected from the Park. Disarticulated small bones occur at interfaces between mudstone and sandstone in which the sandstone lies above the mudstone, and also in intraformational conglomerates. Ceratopsians are identified as dwellers of the swampy lowlands along with hadrosaurs. Hadrosaurs, ceratopsians, and possibly even carnosaurs spent significant portions of their daily lives in water. These dinosaurs did not breed in “uplands”, but possibly in dry areas lateral to the streams.
Url:
DOI: 10.1016/0031-0182(71)90044-7
Links to Exploration step
ISTEX:9F0A2EBC64446BF4A4E77925FF345D849BDDD534Le document en format XML
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<term>Argillaceous sediments</term>
<term>Armoured dinosaur</term>
<term>Autochthonous tree stumps</term>
<term>Bank collapse</term>
<term>Basal</term>
<term>Beaufort series</term>
<term>Belly river</term>
<term>Belly river beds</term>
<term>Belly river formation</term>
<term>Bone fragments</term>
<term>Bones class</term>
<term>Braided</term>
<term>Braided channels</term>
<term>Braided stream</term>
<term>Campanian</term>
<term>Catalogue sternberg</term>
<term>Caudal vertebrae</term>
<term>Centrosaurus</term>
<term>Ceratopsian</term>
<term>Certain dinosaurs</term>
<term>Channel</term>
<term>Channel backwaters</term>
<term>Channel base environments</term>
<term>Channel bottom</term>
<term>Channel channel</term>
<term>Channel deposits</term>
<term>Channel environment</term>
<term>Channel form</term>
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<term>Clay pebbles</term>
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<term>Complete skeleton</term>
<term>Complete skeletons</term>
<term>Complete specimens</term>
<term>Conglomerate</term>
<term>Corythosaurus</term>
<term>Corythosaurus casuarius</term>
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<term>Field notes</term>
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<term>Floodplain deposits</term>
<term>Floodplain sediments</term>
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<term>Geol</term>
<term>Geological phenomena</term>
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<term>Hadrosaurian dinosaurs</term>
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<term>Hind legs</term>
<term>Hooded</term>
<term>Hooded hadrosaur</term>
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<term>Juvenile hadrosaur</term>
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<term>Lance formation</term>
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<term>Lerbekmo</term>
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<term>Levee deposit</term>
<term>Levee deposits</term>
<term>Levi sternberg</term>
<term>Limb bones</term>
<term>Lithology</term>
<term>Lower jaws</term>
<term>Lull</term>
<term>Many factors</term>
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<term>Modern analogy</term>
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<term>Oldman formation</term>
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<term>Overbank deposits</term>
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<term>Palaeogeography</term>
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<term>Pebble</term>
<term>Pelvis</term>
<term>Personal communication</term>
<term>Petrol</term>
<term>Photo courtesy</term>
<term>Plant matter</term>
<term>Preservation class</term>
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<term>Quarries sandstone</term>
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<term>Quiet water</term>
<term>Rib</term>
<term>Rootlet</term>
<term>Royal ontario museum</term>
<term>Sandstone</term>
<term>Scapula</term>
<term>Sediment</term>
<term>Sedimentary conditions</term>
<term>Sedimentology</term>
<term>Several localities</term>
<term>Significant portions</term>
<term>Silt</term>
<term>Siltstone</term>
<term>Silty</term>
<term>Silty clay</term>
<term>Silty layers</term>
<term>Skeletal materials</term>
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<term>Skeleton class</term>
<term>Skeleton skull</term>
<term>Skull</term>
<term>Slow currents</term>
<term>Small bones</term>
<term>Solitary sets</term>
<term>Source area</term>
<term>Southern alberta</term>
<term>Standard deviation</term>
<term>Sternberg</term>
<term>Stratigraphic</term>
<term>Stratigraphic interval</term>
<term>Strong tendency</term>
<term>Subaerial exposure</term>
<term>Subaqueous exposure</term>
<term>Subtropical</term>
<term>Subtropical climate</term>
<term>Such plants</term>
<term>Such sediments</term>
<term>Such specimens</term>
<term>Taphonomic</term>
<term>Taphonomy</term>
<term>Temperature control</term>
<term>Terrestrial habitus</term>
<term>Tibia</term>
<term>Topstratum deposits</term>
<term>Toronto studies</term>
<term>Trachodont dinosaur</term>
<term>Tropical climate</term>
<term>Univ</term>
<term>Unpublished field notes</term>
<term>Upper cretaceous</term>
<term>Vertebra</term>
<term>Vertebral column</term>
<term>Vertebrate</term>
<term>Vertebrate paleontology</term>
<term>Wentworth scale</term>
<term>Western canada</term>
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<keywords scheme="Teeft" xml:lang="en"><term>Alberta</term>
<term>American museum</term>
<term>Argillaceous laminae</term>
<term>Argillaceous sediments</term>
<term>Armoured dinosaur</term>
<term>Autochthonous tree stumps</term>
<term>Bank collapse</term>
<term>Basal</term>
<term>Beaufort series</term>
<term>Belly river</term>
<term>Belly river beds</term>
<term>Belly river formation</term>
<term>Bone fragments</term>
<term>Bones class</term>
<term>Braided</term>
<term>Braided channels</term>
<term>Braided stream</term>
<term>Campanian</term>
<term>Catalogue sternberg</term>
<term>Caudal vertebrae</term>
<term>Centrosaurus</term>
<term>Ceratopsian</term>
<term>Certain dinosaurs</term>
<term>Channel</term>
<term>Channel backwaters</term>
<term>Channel base environments</term>
<term>Channel bottom</term>
<term>Channel channel</term>
<term>Channel deposits</term>
<term>Channel environment</term>
<term>Channel form</term>
<term>Channel lithotopes</term>
<term>Channel matthew</term>
<term>Channel parks</term>
<term>Channel sand</term>
<term>Channel sandstones</term>
<term>Channel sediments</term>
<term>Channel sternberg</term>
<term>Channel transport</term>
<term>Chasmosaurus belli</term>
<term>Clay balls</term>
<term>Clay base</term>
<term>Clay pebbles</term>
<term>Clay sternberg</term>
<term>Clayballs</term>
<term>Claystone</term>
<term>Clean sandstones</term>
<term>Complete class</term>
<term>Complete skeleton</term>
<term>Complete skeletons</term>
<term>Complete specimens</term>
<term>Conglomerate</term>
<term>Corythosaurus</term>
<term>Corythosaurus casuarius</term>
<term>Corythosaurus excavatus</term>
<term>Corythosaurus intermedius</term>
<term>Cretaceous</term>
<term>Current activity</term>
<term>Decompositional</term>
<term>Decompositional classes</term>
<term>Deer river</term>
<term>Deposit</term>
<term>Deposit channel</term>
<term>Desiccation cracks</term>
<term>Dinosaur</term>
<term>Disarticulated</term>
<term>Diverse salamanders</term>
<term>Dodson</term>
<term>Dorsal vertebrae</term>
<term>Efremov</term>
<term>Energy channel sternberg</term>
<term>Energy channels</term>
<term>Energy conditions</term>
<term>Erosional surface</term>
<term>Fauna</term>
<term>Field evidence</term>
<term>Field notes</term>
<term>Field work</term>
<term>Fieldiana geol</term>
<term>Fine sediments</term>
<term>Flood basin</term>
<term>Floodplain</term>
<term>Floodplain deposits</term>
<term>Floodplain sediments</term>
<term>Fluvial transport</term>
<term>Foothill</term>
<term>Forelimb</term>
<term>Fossil</term>
<term>Fossil beds</term>
<term>Fossil record</term>
<term>Fossil vertebrates</term>
<term>Freshwater conditions</term>
<term>Further stage</term>
<term>General paleontology</term>
<term>Geol</term>
<term>Geological phenomena</term>
<term>Geological survey</term>
<term>Gorgosaurus</term>
<term>Great importance</term>
<term>Hadrosaur</term>
<term>Hadrosaurian dinosaurs</term>
<term>Head class</term>
<term>High degree</term>
<term>Hind legs</term>
<term>Hooded</term>
<term>Hooded hadrosaur</term>
<term>Ilium</term>
<term>Interface</term>
<term>Intraformational conglomerates</term>
<term>Jaws class</term>
<term>Juvenile dinosaurs</term>
<term>Juvenile hadrosaur</term>
<term>Lambeosaurus</term>
<term>Lamina</term>
<term>Lance formation</term>
<term>Late cretaceous</term>
<term>Late permian</term>
<term>Lerbekmo</term>
<term>Levee</term>
<term>Levee deposit</term>
<term>Levee deposits</term>
<term>Levi sternberg</term>
<term>Limb bones</term>
<term>Lithology</term>
<term>Lower jaws</term>
<term>Lull</term>
<term>Many factors</term>
<term>Marine bearpaw formation</term>
<term>Modern analogy</term>
<term>Mudstone</term>
<term>Mudstones</term>
<term>Museum novitates</term>
<term>National museum</term>
<term>Natural history</term>
<term>Oldman</term>
<term>Oldman formation</term>
<term>Oldman streams</term>
<term>Ontario museum life</term>
<term>Overbank</term>
<term>Overbank deposits</term>
<term>Palaeoclimatol</term>
<term>Palaeoecol</term>
<term>Palaeogeography</term>
<term>Paleontology</term>
<term>Panoplosaurus mirus</term>
<term>Partial skeleton</term>
<term>Pebble</term>
<term>Pelvis</term>
<term>Personal communication</term>
<term>Petrol</term>
<term>Photo courtesy</term>
<term>Plant matter</term>
<term>Preservation class</term>
<term>Prosaurolophus maximus</term>
<term>Quarries sandstone</term>
<term>Quarry</term>
<term>Quarry fossils quar</term>
<term>Quarry lithology</term>
<term>Quiet conditions</term>
<term>Quiet water</term>
<term>Rib</term>
<term>Rootlet</term>
<term>Royal ontario museum</term>
<term>Sandstone</term>
<term>Scapula</term>
<term>Sediment</term>
<term>Sedimentary conditions</term>
<term>Sedimentology</term>
<term>Several localities</term>
<term>Significant portions</term>
<term>Silt</term>
<term>Siltstone</term>
<term>Silty</term>
<term>Silty clay</term>
<term>Silty layers</term>
<term>Skeletal materials</term>
<term>Skeleton</term>
<term>Skeleton class</term>
<term>Skeleton skull</term>
<term>Skull</term>
<term>Slow currents</term>
<term>Small bones</term>
<term>Solitary sets</term>
<term>Source area</term>
<term>Southern alberta</term>
<term>Standard deviation</term>
<term>Sternberg</term>
<term>Stratigraphic</term>
<term>Stratigraphic interval</term>
<term>Strong tendency</term>
<term>Subaerial exposure</term>
<term>Subaqueous exposure</term>
<term>Subtropical</term>
<term>Subtropical climate</term>
<term>Such plants</term>
<term>Such sediments</term>
<term>Such specimens</term>
<term>Taphonomic</term>
<term>Taphonomy</term>
<term>Temperature control</term>
<term>Terrestrial habitus</term>
<term>Tibia</term>
<term>Topstratum deposits</term>
<term>Toronto studies</term>
<term>Trachodont dinosaur</term>
<term>Tropical climate</term>
<term>Univ</term>
<term>Unpublished field notes</term>
<term>Upper cretaceous</term>
<term>Vertebra</term>
<term>Vertebral column</term>
<term>Vertebrate</term>
<term>Vertebrate paleontology</term>
<term>Wentworth scale</term>
<term>Western canada</term>
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<front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">Abstract: Sediments of the Upper Cretaceous (Campanian) Oldman Formation at Dinosaur Provincial Park, Alberta, have yielded an exceedingly rich fauna of dinosaurs. These fluviatile sediments show characteristics of both meandering and braided channels. Fossil molluscs, plants, and diverse salamanders indicate that Oldman sediments were deposited in fresh water, and the very sparse agglutinated Foraminifera recovered fail to controvert this conclusion. Annual growth rings in wood and vertebrate of Champsosaurus demonstrate that the climate was seasonal, and current botanic interpretations suggest that the climate was an equable, warm temperate one. Dinosaurian remains represent all stages of disarticulation from complete skeletons to isolated bones. They are common in channel sediments and rare in overbank deposits, suggesting that the animals preserved died in the water of channels. The persistence of the characteristics sedimentary association of fossils over a 200 ft. stratigraphic interval demonstrates that regular, not catastrophic events determined the preservation of individuals. Stages of progressive decomposition of dinosaurs are inferred from the condition of fossils collected from the Park. Disarticulated small bones occur at interfaces between mudstone and sandstone in which the sandstone lies above the mudstone, and also in intraformational conglomerates. Ceratopsians are identified as dwellers of the swampy lowlands along with hadrosaurs. Hadrosaurs, ceratopsians, and possibly even carnosaurs spent significant portions of their daily lives in water. These dinosaurs did not breed in “uplands”, but possibly in dry areas lateral to the streams.</div>
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<abstract>Abstract: Sediments of the Upper Cretaceous (Campanian) Oldman Formation at Dinosaur Provincial Park, Alberta, have yielded an exceedingly rich fauna of dinosaurs. These fluviatile sediments show characteristics of both meandering and braided channels. Fossil molluscs, plants, and diverse salamanders indicate that Oldman sediments were deposited in fresh water, and the very sparse agglutinated Foraminifera recovered fail to controvert this conclusion. Annual growth rings in wood and vertebrate of Champsosaurus demonstrate that the climate was seasonal, and current botanic interpretations suggest that the climate was an equable, warm temperate one. Dinosaurian remains represent all stages of disarticulation from complete skeletons to isolated bones. They are common in channel sediments and rare in overbank deposits, suggesting that the animals preserved died in the water of channels. The persistence of the characteristics sedimentary association of fossils over a 200 ft. stratigraphic interval demonstrates that regular, not catastrophic events determined the preservation of individuals. Stages of progressive decomposition of dinosaurs are inferred from the condition of fossils collected from the Park. Disarticulated small bones occur at interfaces between mudstone and sandstone in which the sandstone lies above the mudstone, and also in intraformational conglomerates. Ceratopsians are identified as dwellers of the swampy lowlands along with hadrosaurs. Hadrosaurs, ceratopsians, and possibly even carnosaurs spent significant portions of their daily lives in water. These dinosaurs did not breed in “uplands”, but possibly in dry areas lateral to the streams.</abstract>
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<abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Sediments of the Upper Cretaceous (Campanian) Oldman Formation at Dinosaur Provincial Park, Alberta, have yielded an exceedingly rich fauna of dinosaurs. These fluviatile sediments show characteristics of both meandering and braided channels. Fossil molluscs, plants, and diverse salamanders indicate that Oldman sediments were deposited in fresh water, and the very sparse agglutinated Foraminifera recovered fail to controvert this conclusion. Annual growth rings in wood and vertebrate of Champsosaurus demonstrate that the climate was seasonal, and current botanic interpretations suggest that the climate was an equable, warm temperate one. Dinosaurian remains represent all stages of disarticulation from complete skeletons to isolated bones. They are common in channel sediments and rare in overbank deposits, suggesting that the animals preserved died in the water of channels. The persistence of the characteristics sedimentary association of fossils over a 200 ft. stratigraphic interval demonstrates that regular, not catastrophic events determined the preservation of individuals. Stages of progressive decomposition of dinosaurs are inferred from the condition of fossils collected from the Park. Disarticulated small bones occur at interfaces between mudstone and sandstone in which the sandstone lies above the mudstone, and also in intraformational conglomerates. Ceratopsians are identified as dwellers of the swampy lowlands along with hadrosaurs. Hadrosaurs, ceratopsians, and possibly even carnosaurs spent significant portions of their daily lives in water. These dinosaurs did not breed in “uplands”, but possibly in dry areas lateral to the streams.</p>
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<head><ce:title>Sedimentology and taphonomy of the Oldman Formation (Campanian), Dinosaur Provincial Park, Alberta (Canada)</ce:title>
<ce:author-group><ce:author><ce:given-name>Peter</ce:given-name>
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<ce:affiliation><ce:textfn>Department of Geology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta. Canada<ce:cross-ref refid="FN1"><ce:sup>1</ce:sup>
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<ce:note-para>Present address: Department of Geology, Yale University, New Haven, Conn., U.S.A.</ce:note-para>
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<ce:abstract-sec><ce:simple-para>Sediments of the Upper Cretaceous (Campanian) Oldman Formation at Dinosaur Provincial Park, Alberta, have yielded an exceedingly rich fauna of dinosaurs. These fluviatile sediments show characteristics of both meandering and braided channels. Fossil molluscs, plants, and diverse salamanders indicate that Oldman sediments were deposited in fresh water, and the very sparse agglutinated Foraminifera recovered fail to controvert this conclusion. Annual growth rings in wood and vertebrate of <ce:italic>Champsosaurus</ce:italic>
demonstrate that the climate was seasonal, and current botanic interpretations suggest that the climate was an equable, warm temperate one. Dinosaurian remains represent all stages of disarticulation from complete skeletons to isolated bones. They are common in channel sediments and rare in overbank deposits, suggesting that the animals preserved died in the water of channels. The persistence of the characteristics sedimentary association of fossils over a 200 ft. stratigraphic interval demonstrates that regular, not catastrophic events determined the preservation of individuals. Stages of progressive decomposition of dinosaurs are inferred from the condition of fossils collected from the Park. Disarticulated small bones occur at interfaces between mudstone and sandstone in which the sandstone lies above the mudstone, and also in intraformational conglomerates. Ceratopsians are identified as dwellers of the swampy lowlands along with hadrosaurs. Hadrosaurs, ceratopsians, and possibly even carnosaurs spent significant portions of their daily lives in water. These dinosaurs did not breed in “uplands”, but possibly in dry areas lateral to the streams.</ce:simple-para>
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<abstract lang="en">Abstract: Sediments of the Upper Cretaceous (Campanian) Oldman Formation at Dinosaur Provincial Park, Alberta, have yielded an exceedingly rich fauna of dinosaurs. These fluviatile sediments show characteristics of both meandering and braided channels. Fossil molluscs, plants, and diverse salamanders indicate that Oldman sediments were deposited in fresh water, and the very sparse agglutinated Foraminifera recovered fail to controvert this conclusion. Annual growth rings in wood and vertebrate of Champsosaurus demonstrate that the climate was seasonal, and current botanic interpretations suggest that the climate was an equable, warm temperate one. Dinosaurian remains represent all stages of disarticulation from complete skeletons to isolated bones. They are common in channel sediments and rare in overbank deposits, suggesting that the animals preserved died in the water of channels. The persistence of the characteristics sedimentary association of fossils over a 200 ft. stratigraphic interval demonstrates that regular, not catastrophic events determined the preservation of individuals. Stages of progressive decomposition of dinosaurs are inferred from the condition of fossils collected from the Park. Disarticulated small bones occur at interfaces between mudstone and sandstone in which the sandstone lies above the mudstone, and also in intraformational conglomerates. Ceratopsians are identified as dwellers of the swampy lowlands along with hadrosaurs. Hadrosaurs, ceratopsians, and possibly even carnosaurs spent significant portions of their daily lives in water. These dinosaurs did not breed in “uplands”, but possibly in dry areas lateral to the streams.</abstract>
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