A PRECAUTIONARY PRINCIPLE FOR DUAL USE RESEARCH IN THE LIFE SCIENCES
Identifieur interne : 004A29 ( Istex/Corpus ); précédent : 004A28; suivant : 004A30A PRECAUTIONARY PRINCIPLE FOR DUAL USE RESEARCH IN THE LIFE SCIENCES
Auteurs : Frida Kuhlau ; Anna T. Höglund ; Kathinka Evers ; Stefan ErikssonSource :
- Bioethics [ 0269-9702 ] ; 2011-01.
English descriptors
- KwdEn :
- Address uncertainty, Argumentative version, Associate professor, Bioethics, Biological material, Biological weapon programme, Biological weapon purposes, Biological weapons, Blackwell publishing, Catastrophe argument, Cause harm, Centre, Credible, Cultural organization, Deliberate releases, Disease control, Ecol risk, External concerns, Federal bureau, Frida, Frida kuhlau, Harmful purposes, Healthc ethic, Human activities, Human health, Infectious diseases, International security, Kathinka evers, Kuhlau, Life science research, Life sciences, Life scientists, Mass destruction, Mass disruption, Moral principle, Moral responsibility, Oxford university press, Philosophy technology, Policy makers, Possible hazard, Potential misuse, Potential misuses, Potential security implications, Practical applicability, Practical routines, Precautionary, Precautionary measures, Precautionary principle, Precautious action, Prescriptive element, Prescriptive version, Public health, Qualitative information, Reasonable grounds, Research ethics, Research ethics bioethics, Sandin, Security community, Sipri yearbook, Somerville atlas, Stefan eriksson, Univ aberdeen centre, Uppsala university, Weapon purposes, Wide range, World commission.
- Teeft :
- Address uncertainty, Argumentative version, Associate professor, Bioethics, Biological material, Biological weapon programme, Biological weapon purposes, Biological weapons, Blackwell publishing, Catastrophe argument, Cause harm, Centre, Credible, Cultural organization, Deliberate releases, Disease control, Ecol risk, External concerns, Federal bureau, Frida, Frida kuhlau, Harmful purposes, Healthc ethic, Human activities, Human health, Infectious diseases, International security, Kathinka evers, Kuhlau, Life science research, Life sciences, Life scientists, Mass destruction, Mass disruption, Moral principle, Moral responsibility, Oxford university press, Philosophy technology, Policy makers, Possible hazard, Potential misuse, Potential misuses, Potential security implications, Practical applicability, Practical routines, Precautionary, Precautionary measures, Precautionary principle, Precautious action, Prescriptive element, Prescriptive version, Public health, Qualitative information, Reasonable grounds, Research ethics, Research ethics bioethics, Sandin, Security community, Sipri yearbook, Somerville atlas, Stefan eriksson, Univ aberdeen centre, Uppsala university, Weapon purposes, Wide range, World commission.
Abstract
Most life science research entails dual‐use complexity and may be misused for harmful purposes, e.g. biological weapons. The Precautionary Principle applies to special problems characterized by complexity in the relationship between human activities and their consequences. This article examines whether the principle, so far mainly used in environmental and public health issues, is applicable and suitable to the field of dual‐use life science research. Four central elements of the principle are examined: threat, uncertainty, prescription and action. Although charges against the principle exist – for example that it stifles scientific development, lacks practical applicability and is poorly defined and vague – the analysis concludes that a Precautionary Principle is applicable to the field. Certain factors such as credibility of the threat, availability of information, clear prescriptive demands on responsibility and directives on how to act, determine the suitability and success of a Precautionary Principle. Moreover, policy‐makers and researchers share a responsibility for providing and seeking information about potential sources of harm. A central conclusion is that the principle is meaningful and useful if applied as a context‐dependent moral principle and allowed flexibility in its practical use. The principle may then inspire awareness‐raising and the establishment of practical routines which appropriately reflect the fact that life science research may be misused for harmful purposes.
Url:
DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-8519.2009.01740.x
Links to Exploration step
ISTEX:94C9FFDA8AA3E7AAA80AB1F3AC9794E021919B4DLe document en format XML
<record><TEI wicri:istexFullTextTei="biblStruct"><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">A PRECAUTIONARY PRINCIPLE FOR DUAL USE RESEARCH IN THE LIFE SCIENCES</title><author><name sortKey="Kuhlau, Frida" sort="Kuhlau, Frida" uniqKey="Kuhlau F" first="Frida" last="Kuhlau">Frida Kuhlau</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Centre for Research Ethics & Bioethics, Uppsala University, Sweden</mods:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><mods:affiliation>E-mail: frida.kuhlau@crb.uu.se</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hoglund, Anna T" sort="Hoglund, Anna T" uniqKey="Hoglund A" first="Anna T." last="Höglund">Anna T. Höglund</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Centre for Research Ethics & Bioethics, Uppsala University, Sweden</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Evers, Kathinka" sort="Evers, Kathinka" uniqKey="Evers K" first="Kathinka" last="Evers">Kathinka Evers</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Centre for Research Ethics & Bioethics, Uppsala University, Sweden</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Eriksson, Stefan" sort="Eriksson, Stefan" uniqKey="Eriksson S" first="Stefan" last="Eriksson">Stefan Eriksson</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Centre for Research Ethics & Bioethics, Uppsala University, Sweden</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">ISTEX</idno><idno type="RBID">ISTEX:94C9FFDA8AA3E7AAA80AB1F3AC9794E021919B4D</idno><date when="2011" year="2011">2011</date><idno type="doi">10.1111/j.1467-8519.2009.01740.x</idno><idno type="url">https://api.istex.fr/document/94C9FFDA8AA3E7AAA80AB1F3AC9794E021919B4D/fulltext/pdf</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Istex/Corpus">004A29</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Istex" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="ISTEX">004A29</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title level="a" type="main">A PRECAUTIONARY PRINCIPLE FOR DUAL USE RESEARCH IN THE LIFE SCIENCES</title><author><name sortKey="Kuhlau, Frida" sort="Kuhlau, Frida" uniqKey="Kuhlau F" first="Frida" last="Kuhlau">Frida Kuhlau</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Centre for Research Ethics & Bioethics, Uppsala University, Sweden</mods:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><mods:affiliation>E-mail: frida.kuhlau@crb.uu.se</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hoglund, Anna T" sort="Hoglund, Anna T" uniqKey="Hoglund A" first="Anna T." last="Höglund">Anna T. Höglund</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Centre for Research Ethics & Bioethics, Uppsala University, Sweden</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Evers, Kathinka" sort="Evers, Kathinka" uniqKey="Evers K" first="Kathinka" last="Evers">Kathinka Evers</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Centre for Research Ethics & Bioethics, Uppsala University, Sweden</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Eriksson, Stefan" sort="Eriksson, Stefan" uniqKey="Eriksson S" first="Stefan" last="Eriksson">Stefan Eriksson</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Centre for Research Ethics & Bioethics, Uppsala University, Sweden</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author></analytic><monogr></monogr><series><title level="j" type="main">Bioethics</title><title level="j" type="alt">BIOETHICS</title><idno type="ISSN">0269-9702</idno><idno type="eISSN">1467-8519</idno><imprint><biblScope unit="vol">25</biblScope><biblScope unit="issue">1</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" from="1">1</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" to="8">8</biblScope><biblScope unit="page-count">8</biblScope><publisher>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</publisher><pubPlace>Oxford, UK</pubPlace><date type="published" when="2011-01">2011-01</date></imprint><idno type="ISSN">0269-9702</idno></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc><seriesStmt><idno type="ISSN">0269-9702</idno></seriesStmt></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>Address uncertainty</term><term>Argumentative version</term><term>Associate professor</term><term>Bioethics</term><term>Biological material</term><term>Biological weapon programme</term><term>Biological weapon purposes</term><term>Biological weapons</term><term>Blackwell publishing</term><term>Catastrophe argument</term><term>Cause harm</term><term>Centre</term><term>Credible</term><term>Cultural organization</term><term>Deliberate releases</term><term>Disease control</term><term>Ecol risk</term><term>External concerns</term><term>Federal bureau</term><term>Frida</term><term>Frida kuhlau</term><term>Harmful purposes</term><term>Healthc ethic</term><term>Human activities</term><term>Human health</term><term>Infectious diseases</term><term>International security</term><term>Kathinka evers</term><term>Kuhlau</term><term>Life science research</term><term>Life sciences</term><term>Life scientists</term><term>Mass destruction</term><term>Mass disruption</term><term>Moral principle</term><term>Moral responsibility</term><term>Oxford university press</term><term>Philosophy technology</term><term>Policy makers</term><term>Possible hazard</term><term>Potential misuse</term><term>Potential misuses</term><term>Potential security implications</term><term>Practical applicability</term><term>Practical routines</term><term>Precautionary</term><term>Precautionary measures</term><term>Precautionary principle</term><term>Precautious action</term><term>Prescriptive element</term><term>Prescriptive version</term><term>Public health</term><term>Qualitative information</term><term>Reasonable grounds</term><term>Research ethics</term><term>Research ethics bioethics</term><term>Sandin</term><term>Security community</term><term>Sipri yearbook</term><term>Somerville atlas</term><term>Stefan eriksson</term><term>Univ aberdeen centre</term><term>Uppsala university</term><term>Weapon purposes</term><term>Wide range</term><term>World commission</term></keywords><keywords scheme="Teeft" xml:lang="en"><term>Address uncertainty</term><term>Argumentative version</term><term>Associate professor</term><term>Bioethics</term><term>Biological material</term><term>Biological weapon programme</term><term>Biological weapon purposes</term><term>Biological weapons</term><term>Blackwell publishing</term><term>Catastrophe argument</term><term>Cause harm</term><term>Centre</term><term>Credible</term><term>Cultural organization</term><term>Deliberate releases</term><term>Disease control</term><term>Ecol risk</term><term>External concerns</term><term>Federal bureau</term><term>Frida</term><term>Frida kuhlau</term><term>Harmful purposes</term><term>Healthc ethic</term><term>Human activities</term><term>Human health</term><term>Infectious diseases</term><term>International security</term><term>Kathinka evers</term><term>Kuhlau</term><term>Life science research</term><term>Life sciences</term><term>Life scientists</term><term>Mass destruction</term><term>Mass disruption</term><term>Moral principle</term><term>Moral responsibility</term><term>Oxford university press</term><term>Philosophy technology</term><term>Policy makers</term><term>Possible hazard</term><term>Potential misuse</term><term>Potential misuses</term><term>Potential security implications</term><term>Practical applicability</term><term>Practical routines</term><term>Precautionary</term><term>Precautionary measures</term><term>Precautionary principle</term><term>Precautious action</term><term>Prescriptive element</term><term>Prescriptive version</term><term>Public health</term><term>Qualitative information</term><term>Reasonable grounds</term><term>Research ethics</term><term>Research ethics bioethics</term><term>Sandin</term><term>Security community</term><term>Sipri yearbook</term><term>Somerville atlas</term><term>Stefan eriksson</term><term>Univ aberdeen centre</term><term>Uppsala university</term><term>Weapon purposes</term><term>Wide range</term><term>World commission</term></keywords></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">Most life science research entails dual‐use complexity and may be misused for harmful purposes, e.g. biological weapons. The Precautionary Principle applies to special problems characterized by complexity in the relationship between human activities and their consequences. This article examines whether the principle, so far mainly used in environmental and public health issues, is applicable and suitable to the field of dual‐use life science research. Four central elements of the principle are examined: threat, uncertainty, prescription and action. Although charges against the principle exist – for example that it stifles scientific development, lacks practical applicability and is poorly defined and vague – the analysis concludes that a Precautionary Principle is applicable to the field. Certain factors such as credibility of the threat, availability of information, clear prescriptive demands on responsibility and directives on how to act, determine the suitability and success of a Precautionary Principle. Moreover, policy‐makers and researchers share a responsibility for providing and seeking information about potential sources of harm. A central conclusion is that the principle is meaningful and useful if applied as a context‐dependent moral principle and allowed flexibility in its practical use. The principle may then inspire awareness‐raising and the establishment of practical routines which appropriately reflect the fact that life science research may be misused for harmful purposes.</div></front></TEI><istex><corpusName>wiley</corpusName><keywords><teeft><json:string>precautionary principle</json:string><json:string>life sciences</json:string><json:string>life scientists</json:string><json:string>sandin</json:string><json:string>life science research</json:string><json:string>precautionary</json:string><json:string>kuhlau</json:string><json:string>biological material</json:string><json:string>biological weapons</json:string><json:string>blackwell publishing</json:string><json:string>frida</json:string><json:string>bioethics</json:string><json:string>frida kuhlau</json:string><json:string>kathinka evers</json:string><json:string>precautionary measures</json:string><json:string>stefan eriksson</json:string><json:string>cultural organization</json:string><json:string>potential misuses</json:string><json:string>research ethics bioethics</json:string><json:string>ecol risk</json:string><json:string>world commission</json:string><json:string>uppsala university</json:string><json:string>moral principle</json:string><json:string>practical applicability</json:string><json:string>weapon purposes</json:string><json:string>potential security implications</json:string><json:string>potential misuse</json:string><json:string>credible</json:string><json:string>centre</json:string><json:string>precautious action</json:string><json:string>policy makers</json:string><json:string>security community</json:string><json:string>wide range</json:string><json:string>harmful purposes</json:string><json:string>deliberate releases</json:string><json:string>human health</json:string><json:string>public health</json:string><json:string>cause harm</json:string><json:string>oxford university press</json:string><json:string>practical routines</json:string><json:string>international security</json:string><json:string>sipri yearbook</json:string><json:string>mass disruption</json:string><json:string>prescriptive version</json:string><json:string>argumentative version</json:string><json:string>address uncertainty</json:string><json:string>human activities</json:string><json:string>catastrophe argument</json:string><json:string>univ aberdeen centre</json:string><json:string>philosophy technology</json:string><json:string>healthc ethic</json:string><json:string>reasonable grounds</json:string><json:string>research ethics</json:string><json:string>moral responsibility</json:string><json:string>infectious diseases</json:string><json:string>somerville atlas</json:string><json:string>biological weapon programme</json:string><json:string>federal bureau</json:string><json:string>disease control</json:string><json:string>possible hazard</json:string><json:string>qualitative information</json:string><json:string>prescriptive element</json:string><json:string>external concerns</json:string><json:string>biological weapon purposes</json:string><json:string>mass destruction</json:string><json:string>associate professor</json:string></teeft></keywords><author><json:item><name>FRIDA KUHLAU</name><affiliations><json:string>Centre for Research Ethics & Bioethics, Uppsala University, Sweden</json:string><json:string>E-mail: frida.kuhlau@crb.uu.se</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>ANNA T. HÖGLUND</name><affiliations><json:string>Centre for Research Ethics & Bioethics, Uppsala University, Sweden</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>KATHINKA EVERS</name><affiliations><json:string>Centre for Research Ethics & Bioethics, Uppsala University, Sweden</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>STEFAN ERIKSSON</name><affiliations><json:string>Centre for Research Ethics & Bioethics, Uppsala University, Sweden</json:string></affiliations></json:item></author><subject><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>precautionary principle</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>dual use</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>life science research</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>responsibility</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>biological weapons</value></json:item></subject><articleId><json:string>BIOE1740</json:string></articleId><arkIstex>ark:/67375/WNG-X7BBHBVP-9</arkIstex><language><json:string>eng</json:string></language><originalGenre><json:string>article</json:string></originalGenre><abstract>Most life science research entails dual‐use complexity and may be misused for harmful purposes, e.g. biological weapons. The Precautionary Principle applies to special problems characterized by complexity in the relationship between human activities and their consequences. This article examines whether the principle, so far mainly used in environmental and public health issues, is applicable and suitable to the field of dual‐use life science research. Four central elements of the principle are examined: threat, uncertainty, prescription and action. Although charges against the principle exist – for example that it stifles scientific development, lacks practical applicability and is poorly defined and vague – the analysis concludes that a Precautionary Principle is applicable to the field. Certain factors such as credibility of the threat, availability of information, clear prescriptive demands on responsibility and directives on how to act, determine the suitability and success of a Precautionary Principle. Moreover, policy‐makers and researchers share a responsibility for providing and seeking information about potential sources of harm. A central conclusion is that the principle is meaningful and useful if applied as a context‐dependent moral principle and allowed flexibility in its practical use. The principle may then inspire awareness‐raising and the establishment of practical routines which appropriately reflect the fact that life science research may be misused for harmful purposes.</abstract><qualityIndicators><refBibsNative>false</refBibsNative><abstractWordCount>213</abstractWordCount><abstractCharCount>1514</abstractCharCount><keywordCount>5</keywordCount><score>9.556</score><pdfWordCount>5828</pdfWordCount><pdfCharCount>36756</pdfCharCount><pdfVersion>1.2</pdfVersion><pdfPageCount>8</pdfPageCount><pdfPageSize>595.276 x 799.37 pts</pdfPageSize></qualityIndicators><title>A PRECAUTIONARY PRINCIPLE FOR DUAL USE RESEARCH IN THE LIFE SCIENCES</title><pmid><json:string>19594724</json:string></pmid><genre><json:string>article</json:string></genre><host><title>Bioethics</title><language><json:string>unknown</json:string></language><doi><json:string>10.1111/(ISSN)1467-8519</json:string></doi><issn><json:string>0269-9702</json:string></issn><eissn><json:string>1467-8519</json:string></eissn><publisherId><json:string>BIOE</json:string></publisherId><volume>25</volume><issue>1</issue><pages><first>1</first><last>8</last><total>8</total></pages><genre><json:string>journal</json:string></genre></host><namedEntities><unitex><date><json:string>2011</json:string><json:string>1992</json:string><json:string>2001</json:string><json:string>1998</json:string><json:string>2002</json:string><json:string>1999</json:string><json:string>1970s</json:string><json:string>1990</json:string><json:string>1984</json:string></date><geogName></geogName><orgName><json:string>SIPRI</json:string><json:string>Federal Bureau of Investigation</json:string><json:string>Uppsala University, Sweden</json:string><json:string>Environmental, Economic and Societal Security</json:string><json:string>Research Ethics</json:string><json:string>FBI</json:string><json:string>Swedish Research Council</json:string><json:string>American Society for Microbiology</json:string><json:string>Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences</json:string><json:string>US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</json:string><json:string>Primary Prevention and Research, Annu</json:string><json:string>USE RESEARCH IN THE LIFE SCIENCES The Precautionary Principle</json:string><json:string>Research Information</json:string><json:string>Cultural Organization</json:string><json:string>US Department of Health and Human Services</json:string><json:string>NSABB</json:string><json:string>Stockholm International Peace Research Institute</json:string><json:string>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</json:string><json:string>Swedish National Defence College and Federal Bureau of Investigation</json:string><json:string>Research Ethics and Bioethics</json:string><json:string>Oxford University</json:string><json:string>National Academies Press</json:string><json:string>AMS</json:string><json:string>US Army Medical Research Institute for Infectious Diseases</json:string><json:string>World Commission on the Ethics of Scienti</json:string><json:string>National Science Advisory Board for Biosecurity</json:string><json:string>UNESCO</json:string><json:string>Blackwell Publishing Ltd.</json:string><json:string>Committee on Research Standards and Practices</json:string></orgName><orgName_funder></orgName_funder><orgName_provider></orgName_provider><persName><json:string>P. Sandin</json:string><json:string>Our</json:string><json:string>P. Grandjean</json:string><json:string>M. Atlas</json:string><json:string>O. Hansson</json:string><json:string>S. Holm</json:string><json:string>N.A. Manson</json:string><json:string>A. Somerville</json:string><json:string>Bruce Ivins</json:string><json:string>O. Waever</json:string><json:string>J. de Wilde</json:string><json:string>P. Zanders</json:string><json:string>R. Sunstein</json:string><json:string>Stefan Eriksson</json:string><json:string>J. Harris</json:string><json:string>M.R. Atlas</json:string><json:string>M.R. Dando</json:string><json:string>D.B. Resnik</json:string><json:string>Frida Kuhlau</json:string><json:string>Anna T. Höglund</json:string><json:string>M. Feintuck</json:string><json:string>A. Manson</json:string><json:string>M. Leitenberg</json:string><json:string>Kathinka Evers</json:string><json:string>Bioethics</json:string><json:string>C.F. Cranor</json:string></persName><placeName><json:string>Aberdeen</json:string><json:string>Uppsala</json:string><json:string>Brazil</json:string><json:string>UK</json:string><json:string>US</json:string><json:string>Washington</json:string><json:string>DC</json:string><json:string>Stockholm</json:string><json:string>Iraq</json:string><json:string>Copenhagen</json:string><json:string>Sweden</json:string></placeName><ref_url><json:string>http://www.fbi.gov/page</json:string><json:string>http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/</json:string><json:string>http://www.bt.cdc.gov/agent/agentlist-category.asp</json:string><json:string>http://www.gdrc.org/u-gov/precaution</json:string><json:string>http://www.unep.org/Documents</json:string><json:string>http://oba.od.nih.gov/biosecurity/ biosecurity_documents.html</json:string></ref_url><ref_bibl><json:string>August 2008</json:string><json:string>F. Kuhlau et al.</json:string><json:string>Blackwell Publishing Ltd., 9600</json:string></ref_bibl><bibl></bibl></unitex></namedEntities><ark><json:string>ark:/67375/WNG-X7BBHBVP-9</json:string></ark><categories><wos><json:string>1 - social science</json:string><json:string>2 - social sciences, biomedical</json:string><json:string>2 - social issues</json:string><json:string>2 - ethics</json:string><json:string>1 - science</json:string><json:string>2 - medical ethics</json:string></wos><scienceMetrix><json:string>1 - arts & humanities</json:string><json:string>2 - philosophy & theology</json:string><json:string>3 - applied ethics</json:string></scienceMetrix><scopus><json:string>1 - Health Sciences</json:string><json:string>2 - Medicine</json:string><json:string>3 - Health Policy</json:string><json:string>1 - Social Sciences</json:string><json:string>2 - Arts and Humanities</json:string><json:string>3 - Philosophy</json:string><json:string>1 - Social Sciences</json:string><json:string>2 - Social Sciences</json:string><json:string>3 - Health(social science)</json:string></scopus><inist><json:string>1 - sciences humaines et sociales</json:string></inist></categories><publicationDate>2011</publicationDate><copyrightDate>2011</copyrightDate><doi><json:string>10.1111/j.1467-8519.2009.01740.x</json:string></doi><id>94C9FFDA8AA3E7AAA80AB1F3AC9794E021919B4D</id><score>1</score><fulltext><json:item><extension>pdf</extension><original>true</original><mimetype>application/pdf</mimetype><uri>https://api.istex.fr/document/94C9FFDA8AA3E7AAA80AB1F3AC9794E021919B4D/fulltext/pdf</uri></json:item><json:item><extension>zip</extension><original>false</original><mimetype>application/zip</mimetype><uri>https://api.istex.fr/document/94C9FFDA8AA3E7AAA80AB1F3AC9794E021919B4D/fulltext/zip</uri></json:item><istex:fulltextTEI uri="https://api.istex.fr/document/94C9FFDA8AA3E7AAA80AB1F3AC9794E021919B4D/fulltext/tei"><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title level="a" type="main">A PRECAUTIONARY PRINCIPLE FOR DUAL USE RESEARCH IN THE LIFE SCIENCES</title><respStmt><resp>Références bibliographiques récupérées via GROBID</resp><name resp="ISTEX-API">ISTEX-API (INIST-CNRS)</name></respStmt></titleStmt><publicationStmt><authority>ISTEX</authority><publisher>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</publisher><pubPlace>Oxford, UK</pubPlace><availability><licence>© 2009 Blackwell Publishing Ltd.</licence></availability><date type="published" when="2011-01"></date></publicationStmt><notesStmt><note type="content-type" subtype="article" source="article" scheme="https://content-type.data.istex.fr/ark:/67375/XTP-6N5SZHKN-D">article</note><note type="publication-type" subtype="journal" scheme="https://publication-type.data.istex.fr/ark:/67375/JMC-0GLKJH51-B">journal</note></notesStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct type="article"><analytic><title level="a" type="main">A PRECAUTIONARY PRINCIPLE FOR DUAL USE RESEARCH IN THE LIFE SCIENCES</title><title level="a" type="short">A Precautionary Principle for Dual Use Research in the Life Sciences</title><author xml:id="author-0000" role="corresp"><persName><forename type="first">FRIDA</forename><surname>KUHLAU</surname></persName><affiliation>Centre for Research Ethics & Bioethics, Uppsala University, Sweden<address><country key="SE"></country></address></affiliation><affiliation>Frida Kuhlau, Centre for Research Ethics and Bioethics, Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Uppsala Science Park, SE‐751 85 Uppsala, Sweden. Email: frida.kuhlau@crb.uu.se</affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-0001"><persName><forename type="first">ANNA T.</forename><surname>HÖGLUND</surname></persName><affiliation>Centre for Research Ethics & Bioethics, Uppsala University, Sweden<address><country key="SE"></country></address></affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-0002"><persName><forename type="first">KATHINKA</forename><surname>EVERS</surname></persName><affiliation>Centre for Research Ethics & Bioethics, Uppsala University, Sweden<address><country key="SE"></country></address></affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-0003"><persName><forename type="first">STEFAN</forename><surname>ERIKSSON</surname></persName><affiliation>Centre for Research Ethics & Bioethics, Uppsala University, Sweden<address><country key="SE"></country></address></affiliation></author><idno type="istex">94C9FFDA8AA3E7AAA80AB1F3AC9794E021919B4D</idno><idno type="ark">ark:/67375/WNG-X7BBHBVP-9</idno><idno type="DOI">10.1111/j.1467-8519.2009.01740.x</idno><idno type="unit">BIOE1740</idno><idno type="toTypesetVersion">file:BIOE.BIOE1740.pdf</idno></analytic><monogr><title level="j" type="main">Bioethics</title><title level="j" type="alt">BIOETHICS</title><idno type="pISSN">0269-9702</idno><idno type="eISSN">1467-8519</idno><idno type="book-DOI">10.1111/(ISSN)1467-8519</idno><idno type="book-part-DOI">10.1111/biot.2011.25.issue-1</idno><idno type="product">BIOE</idno><idno type="publisherDivision">ST</idno><imprint><biblScope unit="vol">25</biblScope><biblScope unit="issue">1</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" from="1">1</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" to="8">8</biblScope><biblScope unit="page-count">8</biblScope><publisher>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</publisher><pubPlace>Oxford, UK</pubPlace><date type="published" when="2011-01"></date></imprint></monogr></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><abstract xml:lang="en" style="main"><head>ABSTRACT</head><p>Most life science research entails dual‐use complexity and may be misused for harmful purposes, e.g. biological weapons. The Precautionary Principle applies to special problems characterized by complexity in the relationship between human activities and their consequences. This article examines whether the principle, so far mainly used in environmental and public health issues, is applicable and suitable to the field of dual‐use life science research. Four central elements of the principle are examined: threat, uncertainty, prescription and action. Although charges against the principle exist – for example that it stifles scientific development, lacks practical applicability and is poorly defined and vague – the analysis concludes that a Precautionary Principle is applicable to the field. Certain factors such as credibility of the threat, availability of information, clear prescriptive demands on responsibility and directives on how to act, determine the suitability and success of a Precautionary Principle. Moreover, policy‐makers and researchers share a responsibility for providing and seeking information about potential sources of harm. A central conclusion is that the principle is meaningful and useful if applied as a context‐dependent moral principle and allowed flexibility in its practical use. The principle may then inspire awareness‐raising and the establishment of practical routines which appropriately reflect the fact that life science research may be misused for harmful purposes.</p></abstract><textClass><keywords xml:lang="en"><term xml:id="k1">precautionary principle</term><term xml:id="k2">dual use</term><term xml:id="k3">life science research</term><term xml:id="k4">responsibility</term><term xml:id="k5">biological weapons</term></keywords><keywords rend="tocHeading1"><term>ARTICLES</term></keywords></textClass><langUsage><language ident="en"></language></langUsage></profileDesc><revisionDesc><change>undefined</change><change>[object Object]</change></revisionDesc></teiHeader></istex:fulltextTEI><json:item><extension>txt</extension><original>false</original><mimetype>text/plain</mimetype><uri>https://api.istex.fr/document/94C9FFDA8AA3E7AAA80AB1F3AC9794E021919B4D/fulltext/txt</uri></json:item></fulltext><metadata><istex:metadataXml wicri:clean="Wiley, elements deleted: body"><istex:xmlDeclaration>version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="yes"</istex:xmlDeclaration><istex:document><component version="2.0" type="serialArticle" xml:lang="en"><header><publicationMeta level="product"><publisherInfo><publisherName>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</publisherName><publisherLoc>Oxford, UK</publisherLoc></publisherInfo><doi origin="wiley" registered="yes">10.1111/(ISSN)1467-8519</doi><issn type="print">0269-9702</issn><issn type="electronic">1467-8519</issn><idGroup><id type="product" value="BIOE"></id><id type="publisherDivision" value="ST"></id></idGroup><titleGroup><title type="main" sort="BIOETHICS">Bioethics</title></titleGroup></publicationMeta><publicationMeta level="part" position="01101"><doi origin="wiley">10.1111/biot.2011.25.issue-1</doi><numberingGroup><numbering type="journalVolume" number="25">25</numbering><numbering type="journalIssue" number="1">1</numbering></numberingGroup><coverDate startDate="2011-01">January 2011</coverDate></publicationMeta><publicationMeta level="unit" type="article" position="2" status="forIssue"><doi origin="wiley">10.1111/j.1467-8519.2009.01740.x</doi><idGroup><id type="unit" value="BIOE1740"></id></idGroup><countGroup><count type="pageTotal" number="8"></count></countGroup><titleGroup><title type="tocHeading1">ARTICLES</title></titleGroup><copyright>© 2009 Blackwell Publishing Ltd.</copyright><eventGroup><event type="firstOnline" date="2010-12-16"></event><event type="publishedOnlineAcceptedOrEarlyUnpaginated" date="2009-07-07"></event><event type="xmlConverted" agent="Converter:BPG_TO_WML3G version:2.4 mode:FullText" date="2010-12-16"></event><event type="publishedOnlineFinalForm" date="2010-12-16"></event><event type="xmlConverted" agent="Converter:WILEY_ML3G_TO_WILEY_ML3GV2 version:3.8.8" date="2014-01-07"></event><event type="xmlConverted" agent="Converter:WML3G_To_WML3G version:4.1.7 mode:FullText,remove_FC" date="2014-10-15"></event></eventGroup><numberingGroup><numbering type="pageFirst" number="1">1</numbering><numbering type="pageLast" number="8">8</numbering></numberingGroup><correspondenceTo>Frida Kuhlau, Centre for Research Ethics and Bioethics, Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Uppsala Science Park, SE‐751 85 Uppsala, Sweden. Email: <email>frida.kuhlau@crb.uu.se</email></correspondenceTo><linkGroup><link type="toTypesetVersion" href="file:BIOE.BIOE1740.pdf"></link></linkGroup></publicationMeta><contentMeta><countGroup><count type="figureTotal" number="0"></count><count type="tableTotal" number="0"></count><count type="formulaTotal" number="0"></count><count type="referenceTotal" number="0"></count><count type="wordTotal" number="6400"></count><count type="linksPubMed" number="0"></count><count type="linksCrossRef" number="0"></count></countGroup><titleGroup><title type="main">A PRECAUTIONARY PRINCIPLE FOR DUAL USE RESEARCH IN THE LIFE SCIENCES</title><title type="shortAuthors">Frida Kuhlau, Anna T. Höglund, Kathinka Evers and Stefan Eriksson</title><title type="short">A Precautionary Principle for Dual Use Research in the Life Sciences</title></titleGroup><creators><creator creatorRole="author" xml:id="cr1" affiliationRef="#a1" corresponding="yes"><personName><givenNames>FRIDA</givenNames><familyName>KUHLAU</familyName></personName></creator><creator creatorRole="author" xml:id="cr2" affiliationRef="#a1"><personName><givenNames>ANNA T.</givenNames><familyName>HÖGLUND</familyName></personName></creator><creator creatorRole="author" xml:id="cr3" affiliationRef="#a1"><personName><givenNames>KATHINKA</givenNames><familyName>EVERS</familyName></personName></creator><creator creatorRole="author" xml:id="cr4" affiliationRef="#a1"><personName><givenNames>STEFAN</givenNames><familyName>ERIKSSON</familyName></personName></creator></creators><affiliationGroup><affiliation xml:id="a1" countryCode="SE"><unparsedAffiliation>Centre for Research Ethics & Bioethics, Uppsala University, Sweden</unparsedAffiliation></affiliation></affiliationGroup><keywordGroup xml:lang="en"><keyword xml:id="k1">precautionary principle</keyword><keyword xml:id="k2">dual use</keyword><keyword xml:id="k3">life science research</keyword><keyword xml:id="k4">responsibility</keyword><keyword xml:id="k5">biological weapons</keyword></keywordGroup><abstractGroup><abstract type="main" xml:lang="en"><title type="main">ABSTRACT</title><p>Most life science research entails dual‐use complexity and may be misused for harmful purposes, e.g. biological weapons. The Precautionary Principle applies to special problems characterized by complexity in the relationship between human activities and their consequences. This article examines whether the principle, so far mainly used in environmental and public health issues, is applicable and suitable to the field of dual‐use life science research. Four central elements of the principle are examined: threat, uncertainty, prescription and action. Although charges against the principle exist – for example that it stifles scientific development, lacks practical applicability and is poorly defined and vague – the analysis concludes that a Precautionary Principle is applicable to the field. Certain factors such as credibility of the threat, availability of information, clear prescriptive demands on responsibility and directives on how to act, determine the suitability and success of a Precautionary Principle. Moreover, policy‐makers and researchers share a responsibility for providing and seeking information about potential sources of harm. A central conclusion is that the principle is meaningful and useful if applied as a context‐dependent moral principle and allowed flexibility in its practical use. The principle may then inspire awareness‐raising and the establishment of practical routines which appropriately reflect the fact that life science research may be misused for harmful purposes.</p></abstract></abstractGroup></contentMeta></header></component></istex:document></istex:metadataXml><mods version="3.6"><titleInfo lang="en"><title>A PRECAUTIONARY PRINCIPLE FOR DUAL USE RESEARCH IN THE LIFE SCIENCES</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="abbreviated" lang="en"><title>A Precautionary Principle for Dual Use Research in the Life Sciences</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="alternative" contentType="CDATA" lang="en"><title>A PRECAUTIONARY PRINCIPLE FOR DUAL USE RESEARCH IN THE LIFE SCIENCES</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">FRIDA</namePart><namePart type="family">KUHLAU</namePart><affiliation>Centre for Research Ethics & Bioethics, Uppsala University, Sweden</affiliation><affiliation>E-mail: frida.kuhlau@crb.uu.se</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">ANNA T.</namePart><namePart type="family">HÖGLUND</namePart><affiliation>Centre for Research Ethics & Bioethics, Uppsala University, Sweden</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">KATHINKA</namePart><namePart type="family">EVERS</namePart><affiliation>Centre for Research Ethics & Bioethics, Uppsala University, Sweden</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">STEFAN</namePart><namePart type="family">ERIKSSON</namePart><affiliation>Centre for Research Ethics & Bioethics, Uppsala University, Sweden</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><typeOfResource>text</typeOfResource><genre type="article" displayLabel="article" authority="ISTEX" authorityURI="https://content-type.data.istex.fr" valueURI="https://content-type.data.istex.fr/ark:/67375/XTP-6N5SZHKN-D">article</genre><originInfo><publisher>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</publisher><place><placeTerm type="text">Oxford, UK</placeTerm></place><dateIssued encoding="w3cdtf">2011-01</dateIssued><copyrightDate encoding="w3cdtf">2011</copyrightDate></originInfo><language><languageTerm type="code" authority="rfc3066">en</languageTerm><languageTerm type="code" authority="iso639-2b">eng</languageTerm></language><physicalDescription><extent unit="figures">0</extent><extent unit="tables">0</extent><extent unit="formulas">0</extent><extent unit="references">0</extent><extent unit="linksCrossRef">0</extent><extent unit="words">6400</extent></physicalDescription><abstract lang="en">Most life science research entails dual‐use complexity and may be misused for harmful purposes, e.g. biological weapons. The Precautionary Principle applies to special problems characterized by complexity in the relationship between human activities and their consequences. This article examines whether the principle, so far mainly used in environmental and public health issues, is applicable and suitable to the field of dual‐use life science research. Four central elements of the principle are examined: threat, uncertainty, prescription and action. Although charges against the principle exist – for example that it stifles scientific development, lacks practical applicability and is poorly defined and vague – the analysis concludes that a Precautionary Principle is applicable to the field. Certain factors such as credibility of the threat, availability of information, clear prescriptive demands on responsibility and directives on how to act, determine the suitability and success of a Precautionary Principle. Moreover, policy‐makers and researchers share a responsibility for providing and seeking information about potential sources of harm. A central conclusion is that the principle is meaningful and useful if applied as a context‐dependent moral principle and allowed flexibility in its practical use. The principle may then inspire awareness‐raising and the establishment of practical routines which appropriately reflect the fact that life science research may be misused for harmful purposes.</abstract><subject lang="en"><genre>keywords</genre><topic>precautionary principle</topic><topic>dual use</topic><topic>life science research</topic><topic>responsibility</topic><topic>biological weapons</topic></subject><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Bioethics</title></titleInfo><genre type="journal" authority="ISTEX" authorityURI="https://publication-type.data.istex.fr" valueURI="https://publication-type.data.istex.fr/ark:/67375/JMC-0GLKJH51-B">journal</genre><identifier type="ISSN">0269-9702</identifier><identifier type="eISSN">1467-8519</identifier><identifier type="DOI">10.1111/(ISSN)1467-8519</identifier><identifier type="PublisherID">BIOE</identifier><part><date>2011</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>25</number></detail><detail type="issue"><caption>no.</caption><number>1</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>1</start><end>8</end><total>8</total></extent></part></relatedItem><identifier type="istex">94C9FFDA8AA3E7AAA80AB1F3AC9794E021919B4D</identifier><identifier type="ark">ark:/67375/WNG-X7BBHBVP-9</identifier><identifier type="DOI">10.1111/j.1467-8519.2009.01740.x</identifier><identifier type="ArticleID">BIOE1740</identifier><accessCondition type="use and reproduction" contentType="copyright">© 2009 Blackwell Publishing Ltd.</accessCondition><recordInfo><recordContentSource authority="ISTEX" authorityURI="https://loaded-corpus.data.istex.fr" valueURI="https://loaded-corpus.data.istex.fr/ark:/67375/XBH-L0C46X92-X">wiley</recordContentSource><recordOrigin>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</recordOrigin></recordInfo></mods><json:item><extension>json</extension><original>false</original><mimetype>application/json</mimetype><uri>https://api.istex.fr/document/94C9FFDA8AA3E7AAA80AB1F3AC9794E021919B4D/metadata/json</uri></json:item></metadata><serie></serie></istex></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
EXPLOR_STEP=$WICRI_ROOT/Wicri/Santé/explor/EdenteV2/Data/Istex/Corpus
HfdSelect -h $EXPLOR_STEP/biblio.hfd -nk 004A29 | SxmlIndent | more
Ou
HfdSelect -h $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/Istex/Corpus/biblio.hfd -nk 004A29 | SxmlIndent | more
Pour mettre un lien sur cette page dans le réseau Wicri
{{Explor lien
|wiki= Wicri/Santé
|area= EdenteV2
|flux= Istex
|étape= Corpus
|type= RBID
|clé= ISTEX:94C9FFDA8AA3E7AAA80AB1F3AC9794E021919B4D
|texte= A PRECAUTIONARY PRINCIPLE FOR DUAL USE RESEARCH IN THE LIFE SCIENCES
}}
| This area was generated with Dilib version V0.6.32. |  |